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PHKB phosphorylase kinase regulatory subunit beta [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 5257, updated on 5-Mar-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
PHKBprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
phosphorylase kinase regulatory subunit betaprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:8927
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000102893 MIM:172490; AllianceGenome:HGNC:8927
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Summary
Phosphorylase kinase is a polymer of 16 subunits, four each of alpha, beta, gamma and delta. The alpha subunit includes the skeletal muscle and hepatic isoforms, encoded by two different genes. The beta subunit is the same in both the muscle and hepatic isoforms, encoded by this gene, which is a member of the phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit family. The gamma subunit also includes the skeletal muscle and hepatic isoforms, encoded by two different genes. The delta subunit is a calmodulin and can be encoded by three different genes. The gamma subunits contain the active site of the enzyme, whereas the alpha and beta subunits have regulatory functions controlled by phosphorylation. The delta subunit mediates the dependence of the enzyme on calcium concentration. Mutations in this gene cause glycogen storage disease type 9B, also known as phosphorylase kinase deficiency of liver and muscle. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified in this gene. Two pseudogenes have been found on chromosomes 14 and 20, respectively.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in thyroid (RPKM 18.4), adrenal (RPKM 12.6) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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Location:
16q12.1
Exon count:
33
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 16 NC_000016.10 (47461299..47701523)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 16 NC_060940.1 (53258117..53498326)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 16 NC_000016.9 (47495210..47735434)

Chromosome 16 - NC_000016.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene integrin alpha FG-GAP repeat containing 1 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC101927080 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:47400037-47400780 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:47420489-47420989 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:47458564-47459064 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7451 Neighboring gene RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 424 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:47526014-47526536 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10786 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 10524 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr16:47533988-47534155 Neighboring gene RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 425 Neighboring gene Rho GTPase activating protein 20 pseudogene Neighboring gene eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B pseudogene 5 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:47660051-47660552 Neighboring gene NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A5 pseudogene 11 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:47752345-47752845 Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr16:47767625-47768824 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105371236 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10787 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 10788 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:47882414-47883106 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:47898419-47899379 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 2192 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr16:47920785-47921984 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 2133

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Phosphorylase Kinase β Represents a Novel Prognostic Biomarker and Inhibits Malignant Phenotypes of Liver Cancer Cell. Yang W, et al. Int J Biol Sci, 2019. PMID 31754332, Free PMC Article
  2. Phosphorylase kinase β affects colorectal cancer cell growth and represents a novel prognostic biomarker. Wang G, et al. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2017 Jun. PMID 28275865
  3. Unequal homologous recombination between LINE-1 elements as a mutational mechanism in human genetic disease. Burwinkel B, et al. J Mol Biol, 1998 Apr 3. PMID 9533876
  4. Phosphorylase-kinase-deficient liver glycogenosis with an unusual biochemical phenotype in blood cells associated with a missense mutation in the beta subunit gene (PHKB). Burwinkel B, et al. Hum Genet, 1997 Dec. PMID 9402963
  5. Autosomal recessive phosphorylase kinase deficiency in liver, caused by mutations in the gene encoding the beta subunit (PHKB). van den Berg IE, et al. Am J Hum Genet, 1997 Sep. PMID 9326319, Free PMC Article

See all (60) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. PHKB acts as a novel prognostic indicator for HCC, which exerts its suppression function via inactivating AKT and STAT3.
    Title: Phosphorylase Kinase β Represents a Novel Prognostic Biomarker and Inhibits Malignant Phenotypes of Liver Cancer Cell.
  2. PHKb affects colorectal cancer cell growth and represents a novel prognostic biomarker.
    Title: Phosphorylase kinase β affects colorectal cancer cell growth and represents a novel prognostic biomarker.
  3. Analysis showed that the glycogen phosphorylase kinase beta-subunit (PHKB) interacted with the C-terminal region of KIAA1199 protein.
    Title: KIAA1199 interacts with glycogen phosphorylase kinase β-subunit (PHKB) to promote glycogen breakdown and cancer cell survival.
  4. Clinical trial of gene-disease association and gene-environment interaction. (HuGE Navigator)
    Title: Personalized smoking cessation: interactions between nicotine dose, dependence and quit-success genotype score.
  5. alpha- and beta-subunits possess amino-terminal glucoamylase-like domains and suggests that they might possess a previously overlooked amylase activity
    Title: Glucoamylase-like domains in the alpha- and beta-subunits of phosphorylase kinase.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description Tests
Glycogen storage disease IXb
MedGen: C0543514 OMIM: 261750 GeneReviews: Phosphorylase Kinase Deficiency
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Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
retropepsin gag-pol The beta subunit of phosphorylase kinase is cleaved at leu678-pro679 by HIV-1 protease PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • FLJ41698, DKFZp781E15103

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables calmodulin binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in generation of precursor metabolites and energy TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in glycogen metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
part_of phosphorylase kinase complex IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit beta
Names
phosphorylase kinase beta-subunit
phosphorylase kinase subunit beta
phosphorylase kinase, beta
NP_000284.1
NP_001027005.1
NP_001350766.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_016598.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5033..245225
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_000293.3 → NP_000284.1  phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform a

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_000284.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (a).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC092374, X84908
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS10729.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8N4T5, Q93100
    Related
    ENSP00000313504.5, ENST00000323584.10
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00723
    Location:49 → 470
    Glyco_hydro_15; Glycosyl hydrolases family 15

  2. NM_001031835.3 → NP_001027005.1  phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform b

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001027005.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) has an additional exon in the 5' region and an alternate exon in the 3' region, as compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (b) is shorter and has an alternate N-terminus and a different segment in the C-terminal region, as compared to isoform a.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC007599, AC092374, BC033657
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS42161.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q93100
    Related
    ENSP00000456729.1, ENST00000566044.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam00723
    Location:42 → 463
    Glyco_hydro_15; Glycosyl hydrolases family 15

  3. NM_001363837.1 → NP_001350766.1  phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform c

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) contains an alternate exon in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform c, which differs in an internal segment, but has the same length, compared to isoform a.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC092374, BC033657, DC397078, X84908
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS92152.1
    Related
    ENSP00000299167.8, ENST00000299167.12
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl25463
    Location:49 → 470
    Glyco_hydro_15; Glycosyl hydrolases family 15

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000016.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    47461299..47701523
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060940.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    53258117..53498326
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q93100.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q93100

Gene LinkOut

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