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PALM paralemmin [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 5064, updated on 3-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
PALMprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
paralemminprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:8594
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000099864 MIM:608134; AllianceGenome:HGNC:8594
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
PALM1
Summary
This gene encodes a member of the paralemmin protein family. The product of this gene is a prenylated and palmitoylated phosphoprotein that associates with the cytoplasmic face of plasma membranes and is implicated in plasma membrane dynamics in neurons and other cell types. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified, but the full-length nature of only two transcript variants has been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Broad expression in fat (RPKM 28.7), brain (RPKM 22.8) and 18 other tissues See more
Orthologs
mouse all
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Genomic context

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Location:
19p13.3
Exon count:
11
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 19 NC_000019.10 (708935..748329)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 19 NC_060943.1 (662950..702386)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 19 NC_000019.9 (708935..748329)

Chromosome 19 - NC_000019.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:678746-679248 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9616 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9617 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:680933-681482 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:681483-682031 Neighboring gene follistatin like 3 Neighboring gene serine protease 57 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein S2 pseudogene 52 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9619 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:704097-705067 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:707932-708492 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:718052-718584 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 13571 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9621 Neighboring gene mitotic spindle positioning Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:778723-779437 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC101928450 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:782349-782922

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Paralemmin interacts with D3 dopamine receptors: implications for membrane localization and cAMP signaling. Basile M, et al. Arch Biochem Biophys, 2006 Feb 1. PMID 16386234
  2. Paralemmin, a prenyl-palmitoyl-anchored phosphoprotein abundant in neurons and implicated in plasma membrane dynamics and cell process formation. Kutzleb C, et al. J Cell Biol, 1998 Nov 2. PMID 9813098, Free PMC Article
  3. Structure of the human paralemmin gene (PALM), mapping to human chromosome 19p13.3 and mouse chromosome 10, and exclusion of coding mutations in grizzled, mocha, jittery, and hesitant mice. Burwinkel B, et al. Genomics, 1998 May 1. PMID 9615234
  4. Regulation of dendritic branching and filopodia formation in hippocampal neurons by specific acylated protein motifs. Gauthier-Campbell C, et al. Mol Biol Cell, 2004 May. PMID 14978216, Free PMC Article
  5. RBR-type E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF144A targets PARP1 for ubiquitin-dependent degradation and regulates PARP inhibitor sensitivity in breast cancer cells. Zhang Y, et al. Oncotarget, 2017 Nov 7. PMID 29212245, Free PMC Article

See all (41) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • KIAA0270

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables D3 dopamine receptor binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cellular response to electrical stimulus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cytoskeleton organization IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of filopodium assembly IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of filopodium assembly IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in protein localization to plasma membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of cell shape IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in synapse maturation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in apicolateral plasma membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in axon IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in basolateral plasma membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytoplasmic vesicle TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in dendritic spine IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in filopodium membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in nucleoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in postsynaptic density IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
paralemmin-1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001040134.2 → NP_001035224.1  paralemmin-1 isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001035224.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate in-frame exon, compared to variant 1, resulting in a shorter protein (isoform 2), compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC005763, BC032449, BM667870, BU508077, CN344023, DA521203
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS32858.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2RCL4
    Related
    ENSP00000264560.7, ENST00000264560.11
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd14458
    Location:10 → 53
    DP_DD; coiled coil [structural motif]
    pfam03285
    Location:71 → 343
    Paralemmin; Paralemmin
    cl07405
    Location:10 → 53
    DP_DD; Dimerization domain of DP

  2. NM_002579.3 → NP_002570.2  paralemmin-1 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002570.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC005763, BC032449, BM667870, BP199809, BU508077
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS32857.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    O43359, O75781, O95673, Q92559, Q9UPJ4, Q9UQS2, Q9UQS3
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2RCL4
    Related
    ENSP00000341911.4, ENST00000338448.10
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd14458
    Location:10 → 53
    DP_DD; coiled coil [structural motif]
    pfam03285
    Location:71 → 387
    Paralemmin; Paralemmin
    cl07405
    Location:10 → 53
    DP_DD; Dimerization domain of DP

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000019.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    708935..748329
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_017026850.3 → XP_016882339.1  paralemmin-1 isoform X3

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2RCL4

  2. XM_005259565.5 → XP_005259622.1  paralemmin-1 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2RCL4
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd14458
    Location:12 → 55
    DP_DD; coiled coil [structural motif]
    pfam03285
    Location:73 → 389
    Paralemmin; Paralemmin
    cl07405
    Location:12 → 55
    DP_DD; Dimerization domain of DP

  3. XM_005259566.5 → XP_005259623.1  paralemmin-1 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2RCL4
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd14458
    Location:9 → 52
    DP_DD; coiled coil [structural motif]
    pfam03285
    Location:70 → 386
    Paralemmin; Paralemmin
    cl07405
    Location:9 → 52
    DP_DD; Dimerization domain of DP

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060943.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    662950..702386
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054321136.1 → XP_054177111.1  paralemmin-1 isoform X3

  2. XM_054321134.1 → XP_054177109.1  paralemmin-1 isoform X1

  3. XM_054321135.1 → XP_054177110.1  paralemmin-1 isoform X2

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
O75781.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:O75781

Gene LinkOut

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