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DIO2 deiodinase, iodothyronine type II [ Gallus gallus (chicken) ]

Gene ID: 373903, updated on 17-Aug-2024

Summary

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Symbol
DIO2provided by CGNC
Full Name
deiodinase, iodothyronine type IIprovided by CGNC
Primary source
CGNC:66178
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Gallus gallus
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Archelosauria; Archosauria; Dinosauria; Saurischia; Theropoda; Coelurosauria; Aves; Neognathae; Galloanserae; Galliformes; Phasianidae; Phasianinae; Gallus
Also known as
5DII; DIOII
Summary
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the iodothyronine deiodinase family. It catalyzes the conversion of prohormone thyroxine (3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine, T4) to the bioactive thyroid hormone (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, T3) by outer ring 5'-deiodination. This gene is expressed in brain, thyroid and lung. It is thought to be responsible for the 'local' production of T3, and thus important in influencing thyroid hormone action in these tissues. This protein is a selenoprotein containing the non-standard amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec), which is encoded by the UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, designated the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon, rather than as a stop signal. Unlike the other two members (DIO1 and DIO3) of this enzyme family, the mRNA for this gene contains an additional in-frame UGA codon that has been reported (in human) to function either as a Sec or a stop codon, resulting in two potential isoforms with one or two Sec residues; however, only the upstream Sec (conserved with the single Sec residue found at the active site in DIO1 and DIO3) was shown to be essential for enzyme activity (PMID:10403186). In addition, the lack of conservation of the protein extension past the second TGA codon suggests that the one-Sec containing isoform represents the canonical form. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2018]
Orthologs
human mouse all
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Genomic context

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See DIO2 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
chromosome: 5
Exon count:
2
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
106 current bGalGal1.mat.broiler.GRCg7b (GCF_016699485.2) 5 NC_052536.1 (40053027..40069960, complement)
106 current bGalGal1.pat.whiteleghornlayer.GRCg7w (GCF_016700215.2) 5 NC_052577.1 (40025528..40042412, complement)

Chromosome 5 - NC_052536.1Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene neurexin 3 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124417981 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC112532587 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC121110832 Neighboring gene centrosomal protein 128 Neighboring gene transfer RNA glycine (anticodon CCC)

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Detection of long-term influence of prenatal temperature stimulation on hypothalamic type-II iodothyronine deiodinase in juvenile female broiler chickens using a novel immunohistochemical amplification protocol. Nassar M, et al. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol, 2015 Jan. PMID 25289994
  2. Differential expression of iodothyronine deiodinases in chicken tissues during the last week of embryonic development. Van der Geyten S, et al. Gen Comp Endocrinol, 2002 Aug. PMID 12270789
  3. Cloning and expression of the chicken type 2 iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase. Gereben B, et al. J Biol Chem, 1999 May 14. PMID 10318780
  4. The mRNA structure has potent regulatory effects on type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase expression. Gereben B, et al. Mol Endocrinol, 2002 Jul. PMID 12089359
  5. Dynamic mRNA distribution pattern of thyroid hormone transporters and deiodinases during early embryonic chicken brain development. Geysens S, et al. Neuroscience, 2012 Sep 27. PMID 22771619

See all (8) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. significant Dio2 expression was exclusively found in perinatally short-term temperature stimulated hens.
    Title: Detection of long-term influence of prenatal temperature stimulation on hypothalamic type-II iodothyronine deiodinase in juvenile female broiler chickens using a novel immunohistochemical amplification protocol.
  2. This study demonistrated that DIO2 expression in the developing pituitary gland and capillaries throughout the brain.
    Title: Dynamic mRNA distribution pattern of thyroid hormone transporters and deiodinases during early embryonic chicken brain development.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

General gene information

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Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by RefSeq

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
type II iodothyronine deiodinase
Names
iodothyronine deiodinase 2
type 2 DI
type-II 5'-deiodinase
NP_001311484.2
NP_989445.3

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001324555.3 → NP_001311484.2  type II iodothyronine deiodinase isoform b

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate donor splice site, which results in a frameshift compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (b) is shorter, with a distinct C-terminus compared to isoform a. Isoform b lacks the Sec residue found at the active site; thus, is inactive (PMID:12089359).
    Source sequence(s)
    JAENSL010000100
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q8JI06

  2. NM_204114.6 → NP_989445.3  type II iodothyronine deiodinase isoform a

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the canonical 1-Sec containing isoform (a).
    Source sequence(s)
    JAENSL010000100
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9IAX2
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl00388
    Location:4 → 261
    Thioredoxin_like; Protein Disulfide Oxidoreductases and Other Proteins with a Thioredoxin fold

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Gallus gallus Annotation Release 106 details...Open this link in a new tab

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference bGalGal1.mat.broiler.GRCg7b Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_052536.1 Reference bGalGal1.mat.broiler.GRCg7b Primary Assembly

    Range
    40053027..40069960 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate bGalGal1.pat.whiteleghornlayer.GRCg7w

Genomic

  1. NC_052577.1 Alternate bGalGal1.pat.whiteleghornlayer.GRCg7w

    Range
    40025528..40042412 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9IAX2.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9IAX2

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