U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

BEAF-32 Boundary element-associated factor of 32kD [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

Gene ID: 36645, updated on 24-Oct-2024

Summary

Go to the top of the page Help
Official Symbol
BEAF-32provided by FlyBase
Official Full Name
Boundary element-associated factor of 32kDprovided by FlyBase
Primary source
FLYBASE:FBgn0015602
Locus tag
Dmel_CG10159
See related
AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0015602
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as
beaf; BEAF; BEAF 32; beaf-32; Beaf-32; BEAF-32A; BEAF-32B; Beaf32; BEAF32; BEAF32A; BEAF32b; BEAF32B; bs04c01.y1; CG10159; Dmel\CG10159
Summary
Enables chromatin insulator sequence binding activity. Involved in several processes, including chromatin organization; histone H3-K9 methylation; and oogenesis. Located in nucleus and polytene chromosome interband. Colocalizes with chromatin. Is expressed in several structures, including embryonic brain; embryonic ganglion mother cell; embryonic/larval midgut; embryonic/larval nervous system; and extended germ band embryo. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Orthologs
all
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Go to the top of the page Help
See BEAF-32 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
51C2-51C2; 2-72 cM
Exon count:
3
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) 2R NT_033778.4 (14770469..14772630)
Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) 2R NT_033778.3 (10657974..10660135)

Chromosome 2R - NT_033778.4Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene Sprouty-related protein with EVH-1 domain Neighboring gene antisense RNA:CR42254 Neighboring gene knot Neighboring gene hase und igel

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

Go to the top of the pageHelp

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Visualization of chromosomal domains with boundary element-associated factor BEAF-32. Zhao K, et al. Cell, 1995 Jun 16. PMID 7781065
  2. Targeted gene replacement by homologous recombination in Drosophila stimulates production of second-site mutations. Roy S, et al. Fly (Austin), 2010 Jan-Mar. PMID 20139711
  3. Do the BEAF insulator proteins regulate genes involved in cell polarity and neoplastic growth? Hart CM. Dev Biol, 2014 May 15. PMID 24211761
  4. Characterization of the Drosophila BEAF-32A and BEAF-32B Insulator Proteins. Avva SV, et al. PLoS One, 2016. PMID 27622635, Free PMC Article
  5. Transcription start site profiling uncovers divergent transcription and enhancer-associated RNAs in Drosophila melanogaster. Meers MP, et al. BMC Genomics, 2018 Feb 21. PMID 29466941, Free PMC Article

See all (230) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. CTCF, BEAF-32, and CP190 are not required for the establishment of TADs in early Drosophila embryos but have locus-specific roles.
    Title: CTCF, BEAF-32, and CP190 are not required for the establishment of TADs in early Drosophila embryos but have locus-specific roles.
  2. The BEAF-32 Protein Directly Interacts with Z4/putzig and Chriz/Chromator Proteins in Drosophila melanogaster.
    Title: The BEAF-32 Protein Directly Interacts with Z4/putzig and Chriz/Chromator Proteins in Drosophila melanogaster.
  3. Insulator-based loops mediate the spreading of H3K27me3 over distant micro-domains repressing euchromatin genes.
    Title: Insulator-based loops mediate the spreading of H3K27me3 over distant micro-domains repressing euchromatin genes.
  4. Promoter-Proximal Chromatin Domain Insulator Protein BEAF Mediates Local and Long-Range Communication with a Transcription Factor and Directly Activates a Housekeeping Promoter in Drosophila.
    Title: Promoter-Proximal Chromatin Domain Insulator Protein BEAF Mediates Local and Long-Range Communication with a Transcription Factor and Directly Activates a Housekeeping Promoter in Drosophila.
  5. study shows that by virtue of O-GlcNAcylation, BEAF 32 is linked to epigenetic mechanisms that activate a subset of associated genes
    Title: O-GlcNAcylation of boundary element associated factor (BEAF 32) in Drosophila melanogaster correlates with active histone marks at the promoters of its target genes.
  6. Loss of BEAF-32 does not noticeably impair the functions of the Hippo pathway in eye growth regulation.
    Title: The insulator protein BEAF-32 is required for Hippo pathway activity in the terminal differentiation of neuronal subtypes.
  7. The BESS domain alone is sufficient to mediate BEAF-BEAF interactions, although the presence of the putative leucine zipper on at least one protein strengthens the interactions. BEAF-32B is sufficient to rescue a null BEAF mutation. Using mutant BEAF-32B rescue transgenes, we show that the middle region and the BESS domain are essential.
    Title: Characterization of the Drosophila BEAF-32A and BEAF-32B Insulator Proteins.
  8. we identify key roles for the Zelda and Zerknullt transcription factors in establishing the resulting expression domain, and find widespread binding of insulator proteins to the Mad and Brinker-bound genomic regions. Analysis of embryos lacking the BEAF-32 insulator protein shows reduced transcription of a peak BMP target gene and a reduction in the number of amnioserosa cells, the fate specified by peak BMP signaling.
    Title: Regulation of the BMP Signaling-Responsive Transcriptional Network in the Drosophila Embryo.
  9. Miss-regulation of these genes explains the unregulated cell growth and neoplastic phenotypes observed in imaginal tissues of BEAF-32 mutants.
    Title: The BEAF insulator regulates genes involved in cell polarity and neoplastic growth.
  10. BEAF is a positive regulator of the chromatin domain boundary that separates myoglianin and eyeless genes.
    Title: A BEAF dependent chromatin domain boundary separates myoglianin and eyeless genes of Drosophila melanogaster.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (18)

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables DNA binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables DNA binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables chromatin insulator sequence binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in chromatin organization IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in chromatin organization IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in oogenesis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in chromatin IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in polytene chromosome interband IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help
Preferred Names
boundary element-associated factor of 32kD
Names
BEAF-32-PA
BEAF-32-PB
BEAF-32-PC
CG10159-PA
CG10159-PB
CG10159-PC
boundary element associated factor
boundary element associated factor 32
boundary element associated factor of 32
boundary element-associated factor

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NT_033778.4 Reference assembly

    Range
    14770469..14772630
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_079023.5 → NP_523747.1  boundary element-associated factor of 32kD, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_523747.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    D0IQ89, Q7JN06
    Related
    FBpp0086571
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00614
    Location:31 → 74
    ZnF_BED; BED zinc finger
    pfam02944
    Location:238 → 272
    BESS; BESS motif

  2. NM_001259399.2 → NP_001246328.1  boundary element-associated factor of 32kD, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001246328.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q94513
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    pfam02892
    Location:7 → 58
    zf-BED; BED zinc finger
    pfam02944
    Location:237 → 271
    BESS; BESS motif

  3. NM_166069.3 → NP_725418.1  boundary element-associated factor of 32kD, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_725418.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q94513
    Related
    FBpp0086572
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    pfam02892
    Location:7 → 58
    zf-BED; BED zinc finger
    pfam02944
    Location:237 → 271
    BESS; BESS motif
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q7JN06 Q7JN06
Q94513 Q94513

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Other Literature Sources
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools