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IL13 interleukin 13 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 3596, updated on 23-Mar-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
IL13provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
interleukin 13provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:5973
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000169194 MIM:147683; AllianceGenome:HGNC:5973
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
P600; IL-13
Summary
This gene encodes an immunoregulatory cytokine produced primarily by activated Th2 cells. This cytokine is involved in several stages of B-cell maturation and differentiation. It up-regulates CD23 and MHC class II expression, and promotes IgE isotype switching of B cells. This cytokine down-regulates macrophage activity, thereby inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This cytokine is found to be critical to the pathogenesis of allergen-induced asthma but operates through mechanisms independent of IgE and eosinophils. This gene, IL3, IL5, IL4, and CSF2 form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 5q, with this gene particularly close to IL4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Restricted expression toward testis (RPKM 13.9) See more
Orthologs
mouse all
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Genomic context

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See IL13 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
5q31.1
Exon count:
6
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 5 NC_000005.10 (132656522..132661110)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 5 NC_060929.1 (133176323..133180911)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 5 NC_000005.9 (131992214..131996802)

Chromosome 5 - NC_000005.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:131892292-131892952 Neighboring gene interleukin 5 Neighboring gene RAD50 double strand break repair protein Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr5:131954089-131954264 Neighboring gene Th2 cytokine locus control region Neighboring gene T helper type 2 locus control region associated RNA Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr5:131985148-131985325 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 16329 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 16331 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 16330 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23090 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23091 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23092 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23093 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:132000651-132001178 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105379176 Neighboring gene interleukin 4 Neighboring gene kinesin family member 3A Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23094 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 16332

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Interleukin-13 contributes to the occurrence of oral submucosal fibrosis. Wang L, et al. J Cell Mol Med, 2023 Jul. PMID 37337411, Free PMC Article
  2. Assessment of Interleukin-13(rs20541) Genomic Polymorphism in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Relation to COVID19 Infection. Modher Nabat Al-Ajrash A, et al. Arch Razi Inst, 2022 Dec. PMID 37274898, Free PMC Article
  3. The role of interleukin 13 and the type 2 immune pathway in COVID-19: A review. Sasson J, et al. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 2023 Jun. PMID 36924937, Free PMC Article
  4. Sensitization of colonic nociceptors by IL-13 is dependent on JAK and p38 MAPK activity. Barker KH, et al. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2023 Apr 1. PMID 36749569, Free PMC Article
  5. IL13 Promoter (-1055) Polymorphism Associated with Leukocyte Mitochondria DNA Copy Number in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Liu SF, et al. Cells, 2022 Nov 26. PMID 36497047, Free PMC Article

See all (718) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. The association of 25(OH)D, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-13 levels with the burden of soil-transmitted helminth infection in stunted children aged 24-59 months.
    Title: The association of 25(OH)D, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-13 levels with the burden of soil-transmitted helminth infection in stunted children aged 24-59 months.
  2. Multiple sclerosis susceptibility may be associated with the coding rs20541 (R130Q) IL-13 gene polymorphism in the Polish population.
    Title: Multiple sclerosis susceptibility may be associated with the coding rs20541 (R130Q) IL-13 gene polymorphism in the Polish population.
  3. IL-4 and IL-13 induce equivalent expression of traditional M2 markers and modulation of reactive oxygen species in human macrophages.
    Title: IL-4 and IL-13 induce equivalent expression of traditional M2 markers and modulation of reactive oxygen species in human macrophages.
  4. A fine mapping of single nucleotide variants and haplotype analysis of IL13 gene in patients with Leishmania guyanensis-cutaneous leishmaniasis and plasma cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13.
    Title: A fine mapping of single nucleotide variants and haplotype analysis of IL13 gene in patients with Leishmania guyanensis-cutaneous leishmaniasis and plasma cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13.
  5. Cracking the cytokine code in atopic dermatitis reveals IL-13 as dominant driver of disease activity.
    Title: Cracking the cytokine code in atopic dermatitis reveals IL-13 as dominant driver of disease activity.
  6. Interleukin-13 (IL-13)-A Pleiotropic Cytokine Involved in Wound Healing and Fibrosis.
    Title: Interleukin-13 (IL-13)-A Pleiotropic Cytokine Involved in Wound Healing and Fibrosis.
  7. Interleukin-13 contributes to the occurrence of oral submucosal fibrosis.
    Title: Interleukin-13 contributes to the occurrence of oral submucosal fibrosis.
  8. Assessment of Interleukin-13(rs20541) Genomic Polymorphism in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Relation to COVID19 Infection.
    Title: Assessment of Interleukin-13(rs20541) Genomic Polymorphism in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Relation to COVID19 Infection.
  9. The role of interleukin 13 and the type 2 immune pathway in COVID-19: A review.
    Title: The role of interleukin 13 and the type 2 immune pathway in COVID-19: A review.
  10. Acute rotavirus infection causes significant activation of the IL-33/IL-13 axis.
    Title: Acute rotavirus infection causes significant activation of the IL-33/IL-13 axis.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (553)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description Tests
Allergic rhinitis, susceptibility to
MedGen: C4017540 OMIM: 607154 GeneReviews: Not available
not available
Inherited susceptibility to asthma
MedGen: C1869116 OMIM: 600807 GeneReviews: Not available
Compare labs

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
A genome-wide association meta-analysis of self-reported allergy identifies shared and allergy-specific susceptibility loci.
EBI GWAS Catalog
A genome-wide association study identifies CDHR3 as a susceptibility locus for early childhood asthma with severe exacerbations.
EBI GWAS Catalog
A genome-wide association study of atopic dermatitis identifies loci with overlapping effects on asthma and psoriasis.
EBI GWAS Catalog
A genome-wide association study of plasma total IgE concentrations in the Framingham Heart Study.
EBI GWAS Catalog
A large-scale, consortium-based genomewide association study of asthma.
EBI GWAS Catalog
A meta-analysis of Hodgkin lymphoma reveals 19p13.3 TCF3 as a novel susceptibility locus.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide association study identifies eight new susceptibility loci for atopic dermatitis in the Japanese population.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide association study of classical Hodgkin lymphoma and Epstein-Barr virus status-defined subgroups.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide scan reveals association of psoriasis with IL-23 and NF-kappaB pathways.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env HIV-1 gp120 induces release of IL-13 in CD4+ T cells PubMed
env HIV-1 gp120 induces IL-4 and IL-13 releases from human basophils through its interaction with the VH3 region of IgE PubMed
env HIV-1 gp120 modulates expression of the cytokines IL1beta, IL3, IL6, IL10, IL13, IL15, IFNbeta2A, IFNgamma, IFNomega, TNFalpha, VEGF, VEGF B, and LIF in PBMCs and MDMs PubMed
Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 env A synthetic peptide corresponding to the immunosuppressive domain (amino acids 574-592) of HIV-1 gp41 inhibits activation of PBMCs and upregulates the expression of IL-13 in peptide-treated PBMCs PubMed
Tat tat HIV-1 Tat induces IL-4 and IL-13 release from basophils, leading to dysregulation of the IgE/Fc epsilon RI network PubMed
reverse transcriptase gag-pol IL-13 can act on macrophages both before and after HIV-1 infection to interfere with virus replication by blocking the completion of reverse transcription, decreasing virus production, and reducing the infectivity of the progeny virions PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • MGC116786, MGC116788, MGC116789

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables cytokine activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables interleukin-13 receptor binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in cellular response to cytokine stimulus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cellular response to mechanical stimulus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in immune response IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in inflammatory response TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in macrophage activation IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in microglial cell activation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of inflammatory response IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta production IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of B cell proliferation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of connective tissue growth factor production IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of immunoglobulin production IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-10 production IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of macrophage activation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of mast cell degranulation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of protein secretion IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of proton transport IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to ethanol IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to lipopolysaccharide IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to nicotine IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in signal transduction IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in external side of plasma membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in extracellular region IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in extracellular region TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in extracellular space ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
interleukin-13

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_012090.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5001..7938
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001354991.2 → NP_001341920.1  interleukin-13 isoform b

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (b) is shorter at the N-terminus compared to isoform a. Variants 2, 3, and 4 all encode the same isoform (b).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC004039, AC004041
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4VB51, Q4VB53
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl11518
    Location:1 → 79
    IL4; Interleukin 4

  2. NM_001354992.2 → NP_001341921.1  interleukin-13 isoform b

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (b) is shorter at the N-terminus compared to isoform a. Variants 2, 3, and 4 all encode the same isoform (b).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC004039, AC004041
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4VB51, Q4VB53
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl11518
    Location:1 → 79
    IL4; Interleukin 4

  3. NM_001354993.2 → NP_001341922.1  interleukin-13 isoform b

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (b) is shorter at the N-terminus compared to isoform a. Variants 2, 3, and 4 all encode the same isoform (b).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC004039, AC004041
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4VB51, Q4VB53
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl11518
    Location:1 → 79
    IL4; Interleukin 4

  4. NM_002188.3 → NP_002179.2  interleukin-13 isoform 1 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002179.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (a).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC004039
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS4157.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    O43644, P35225, Q4VB52, Q9UDC7
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q4VB50
    Related
    ENSP00000304915.3, ENST00000304506.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam03487
    Location:35 → 144
    IL13; Interleukin-13

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000005.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    132656522..132661110
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060929.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    133176323..133180911
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P35225.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P35225

Gene LinkOut

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