ALX3 ALX homeobox 3 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: ALX3provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: ALX homeobox 3provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:449
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000156150 MIM:606014; AllianceGenome:HGNC:449
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: FND; FND1
Summary: This gene encodes a nuclear protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain that functions as a transcriptional regulator involved in cell-type differentiation and development. Preferential methylation of this gene's promoter is associated with advanced-stage neuroblastoma tumors. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in skin (RPKM 1.8), endometrium (RPKM 1.4) and 24 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 1p13.3

Exon count:: 4

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2023_10	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	1	NC_000001.11 (110059870..110070672, complement)
RS_2023_10	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	1	NC_060925.1 (110069997..110080800, complement)
105.20220307	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	1	NC_000001.10 (110602492..110613294, complement)

Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Oncogenic role of ALX3 in cervical cancer cells through KDM2B-mediated histone demethylation of CDC25A.
Title: Oncogenic role of ALX3 in cervical cancer cells through KDM2B-mediated histone demethylation of CDC25A.
Genome scan using 250k Nsp1 array followed by exome and Sanger sequence analysis revealed a novel homozygous nonsense variant (c.604C>T, p.Gln202*) in the ALX3 gene resulting in frontorhiny in the family. This is the first mutation in the ALX3 gene, underlying frontorhiny, in Pakistani population.
Title: Exome sequencing revealed a novel nonsense variant in ALX3 gene underlying frontorhiny.
Exclusion of mutations in ALX3 gene in patients with the syndrome of frontonasal dysgenesis, callosal agenesis, basal encephalocele, and eye anomalies
Title: Exclusion of mutations in TGIF, ALX3, and ALX4 genes in patients with the syndrome of frontonasal dysgenesis, callosal agenesis, basal encephalocele, and eye anomalies.
We report a novel Y214X mutation in ALX3 in frontorhiny.
Title: Clinical and genetic characterization of frontorhiny: report of 3 novel cases and discussion of the surgical management.
Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
Title: Maternal genes and facial clefts in offspring: a comprehensive search for genetic associations in two population-based cleft studies from Scandinavia.
ALX3 is essential for normal facial development in humans and that deficiency causes a clinically recognizable phenotype, which we term frontorhiny.
Title: Frontorhiny, a distinctive presentation of frontonasal dysplasia caused by recessive mutations in the ALX3 homeobox gene.
Alx3 participates in the regulation of insulin gene expression in pancreatic beta-cells.
Title: The homeoprotein Alx3 expressed in pancreatic beta-cells regulates insulin gene transcription by interacting with the basic helix-loop-helix protein E47.
The lack of a chromosome 1-derived fragment of ALX3 in restriction landmark genomic scanning and virtual genome scans of neuroblastomas is attributable to hypermethylation.
Title: Combined restriction landmark genomic scanning and virtual genome scans identify a novel human homeobox gene, ALX3, that is hypermethylated in neuroblastoma.
Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that Alx3 in mouse pancreatic islets occupies the promoter of the mouse insulin genes.
Title: The homeoprotein Alx3 expressed in pancreatic beta-cells regulates insulin gene transcription by interacting with the basic helix-loop-helix protein E47.
Rat Alx3 undergoes restrictive or permissive interactions with nuclear proteins that determine its binding to and transactivation from TAAT target sites selected in a cell-specific manner.
Title: The homeoprotein Alx3 contains discrete functional domains and exhibits cell-specific and selective monomeric binding and transactivation.

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Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description	Tests
Frontorhiny MedGen: C5574965 OMIM: 136760 GeneReviews: Not available	Compare labs

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
An atlas of genetic influences on human blood metabolites. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Genome-wide association for abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose reveals a novel locus for visceral fat in women. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Replication interactions

Interaction	Pubs
Knockdown of ALX homeobox 3 (ALX3) by siRNA enhances the early stages of HIV-1 replication in HeLa-CD4 cells infected with viral pseudotypes HIV89.6R and HIV8.2N	PubMed

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:483167

Alx3 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:547182

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:481725

SHGC-75288 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:29129

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	ISA Inferred from Sequence Alignment more info
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in embryonic forelimb morphogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in embryonic skeletal system morphogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in pattern specification process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of chromatin	ISA Inferred from Sequence Alignment more info
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: homeobox protein aristaless-like 3

Names: aristaless-like homeobox 3; frontonasal dysplasia; proline-rich transcription factor ALX3

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.