Aanat aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Aanatprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: aralkylamine N-acetyltransferaseprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:2006
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000011182 AllianceGenome:RGD:2006
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: Nat4; AA-NAT
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the acetyltransferase superfamily. It is the penultimate enzyme in melatonin synthesis and controls the night/day rhythm in melatonin production in the vertebrate pineal gland. Melatonin is essential for the function of the circadian clock that influences activity and sleep. This enzyme is regulated by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation that promotes its interaction with 14-3-3 proteins and thus protects the enzyme against proteasomal degradation. This gene may contribute to numerous genetic diseases such as delayed sleep phase syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014]
Expression: Biased expression in Spleen (RPKM 2.3), Testes (RPKM 2.1) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 10q32.2

Exon count:: 3

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	10	NC_086028.1 (102323647..102330639)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	10	NC_051345.1 (101827072..101831805)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	10	NC_005109.4 (105568091..105572407)

Chromosome 10 - NC_086028.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Effects of acute hypothyroidism on plasma melatonin and Aanat and Asmt expression in the pineal gland and gonads of rats.
Title: Effects of acute hypothyroidism on plasma melatonin and Aanat and Asmt expression in the pineal gland and gonads of rats.
Evaluation of hippocampal arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity in amyloid-beta neurotoxicity.
Title: Evaluation of hippocampal arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity in amyloid-β neurotoxicity.
The testes of control animals express the Tph1, Aanat, and Asmt and Per2 genes with 24-h rhythms in mRNA, reaching the maximal values during the dark phase.
Title: The Absence of Pineal Melatonin Abolishes the Daily Rhythm of Tph1 (Tryptophan Hydroxylase 1), Asmt (Acetylserotonin O-Methyltransferase), and Aanat (Aralkylamine N-Acetyltransferase) mRNA Expressions in Rat Testes.
Melatonin decreases biliary hyperplasia and liver fibrosis during cholestasis-induced biliary injury via melatonin-dependent autocrine signaling through increased biliary AANAT expression and melatonin secretion, downregulation of miR-200b and specific circadian clock genes.
Title: Pinealectomy or light exposure exacerbates biliary damage and liver fibrosis in cholestatic rats through decreased melatonin synthesis.
identified one microRNA, miR-325-3p, as a potential candidate responsible for the down regulation of Aanat after survivors of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage
Title: Up-regulation of miR-325-3p suppresses pineal aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (Aanat) after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia brain injury in rats.
these and related results indicate both a major involvement of the N-end rule pathway in the control of rodent AANATs and substantial differences in the regulation of rodent and human AANATs that stem from differences in their N-terminal sequences.
Title: Degradation of Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase, a Circadian Regulator, by the N-end Rule Pathway.
Increased methylation and decreased gene expression in the Aanat gene after blast-related TBI in rats.
Title: Neuronal DNA Methylation Profiling of Blast-Related Traumatic Brain Injury.
The rhythmic nature of pineal CRX protein may directly modulate the daily profile of Aanat expression by inducing nighttime expression of this enzyme, facilitating nocturnal melatonin synthesis
Title: Circadian dynamics of the cone-rod homeobox (CRX) transcription factor in the rat pineal gland and its role in regulation of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT).
In rats, Aa-nat mRNAs were expressed and existed at high levels during nighttime. They gradually increased at puberty and decreased at 8 weeks of age. Nocturnal changes of Aa-nat mRNA levels in rat pineal gland from P4 to adults were strongly correlated.
Title: The expression of Per1 and Aa-nat genes in the pineal gland of postnatal rats.
Local modulation of melatonin synthesis by AANAT may be important for management of the balance between biliary proliferation/damage that is typical of cholangiopathies.
Title: Modulation of the biliary expression of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase alters the autocrine proliferative responses of cholangiocytes in rats.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (24)

General gene information

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Markers

Aanat (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:518481

D11Mit102 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:126289

D10Wox52 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:518585

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables 14-3-3 protein binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in N-terminal protein amino acid acetylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in N-terminal protein amino acid acetylation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in cellular response to cAMP	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to cAMP	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in circadian rhythm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in circadian rhythm	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in circadian rhythm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in melatonin biosynthetic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in melatonin biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in melatonin biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in melatonin biosynthetic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in melatonin biosynthetic process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in photoperiodism	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to cAMP	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to calcium ion	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to copper ion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to corticosterone	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to cytokine	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to insulin	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to light stimulus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in response to light stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to organic cyclic compound	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to peptide	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to prostaglandin E	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to zinc ion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: serotonin N-acetyltransferase

Names: Arylalkylamine N - acetyltransferase (Serotonin N - acetyltransferase); Seretonin N-acetyltransferase; arylakylamine N-acetyltransferase; arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase; serotonin acetylase

NP_036950.1

EC 2.3.1.87

XP_006247854.1

EC 2.3.1.87

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_012818.2 → NP_036950.1 serotonin N-acetyltransferase

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_036950.1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

U38306

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q4JL74, Q64553, Q64666

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6HKX7

Related

ENSRNOP00000015221.2, ENSRNOT00000015221.6

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl17182
Location:31 → 181

NAT_SF; N-Acyltransferase superfamily: Various enyzmes that characteristicly catalyze the transfer of an acyl group to a substrate

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCr8

Genomic

NC_086028.1 Reference GRCr8

Range

102323647..102330639

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_006247792.4 → XP_006247854.1 serotonin N-acetyltransferase isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006247854.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q4JL74, Q64553, Q64666

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6HKX7

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl17182
Location:31 → 181

NAT_SF; N-Acyltransferase superfamily: Various enyzmes that characteristicly catalyze the transfer of an acyl group to a substrate