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MKRN1 makorin ring finger protein 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 23608, updated on 2-Nov-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
MKRN1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
makorin ring finger protein 1provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:7112
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000133606 MIM:607754; AllianceGenome:HGNC:7112
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
RNF61
Summary
This gene encodes a protein that belongs to a novel class of zinc finger proteins. The encoded protein functions as a transcriptional co-regulator, and as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that promotes the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of target proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is thought to regulate RNA polymerase II-catalyzed transcription. Substrates for this protein's E3 ubiquitin ligase activity include the capsid protein of the West Nile virus and the catalytic subunit of the telomerase ribonucleoprotein. This protein controls cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by regulating p21, a cell cycle regulator, and the tumor suppressor protein p53. Pseudogenes of this gene are present on chromosomes 1, 3, 9, 12 and 20, and on the X chromosome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in bone marrow (RPKM 50.0), testis (RPKM 49.4) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See MKRN1 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
7q34
Exon count:
13
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 7 NC_000007.14 (140453033..140479569, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 7 NC_060931.1 (141767185..141793679, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 7 NC_000007.13 (140152833..140179369, complement)

Chromosome 7 - NC_000007.14Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124901759 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:140103431-140103932 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:140103933-140104432 Neighboring gene RAB19, member RAS oncogene family Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 26781 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:140143760-140144260 Neighboring gene nucleoside diphosphate kinase, mitochondrial-like Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:140156257-140157110 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:140178571-140179411 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:140179742-140180652 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 26782 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:140206498-140207088 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:140207089-140207678 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:140227087-140227701 Neighboring gene DENN domain containing 2A Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:140244505-140245005 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:140253137-140253867 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:140255121-140255621 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:140269202-140269702 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:140269703-140270203 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 5784 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 9531 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:140324769-140325360 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:140325951-140326542 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:140327133-140327724 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:140327725-140328314 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:140332981-140333481 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:140334787-140335394 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:140335395-140336002 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:140336003-140336609 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 2153 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105375535 Neighboring gene RNA, 7SL, cytoplasmic 771, pseudogene

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. MKRN1 regulates the expression profiles and transcription factor activity in HeLa cells inhibition suppresses cervical cancer cell progression. Dong X, et al. Sci Rep, 2024 Mar 13. PMID 38480859, Free PMC Article
  2. Human Adenovirus Infection Causes Cellular E3 Ubiquitin Ligase MKRN1 Degradation Involving the Viral Core Protein pVII. Inturi R, et al. J Virol, 2018 Feb 1. PMID 29142133, Free PMC Article
  3. Makorin RING finger protein 1 (MKRN1) has negative and positive effects on RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. Omwancha J, et al. Endocrine, 2006 Apr. PMID 16785614
  4. Interaction of the replication proteins and the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 1 and 2 with host proteins. Finsterbusch T, et al. Virology, 2009 Mar 30. PMID 19178923
  5. Makorin Ring Finger Protein 1 as Adjunctive Marker in Liquid-based Cervical Cytology. Lee M, et al. Medicine (Baltimore), 2016 Jan. PMID 26817873, Free PMC Article

See all (54) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. CircVPS8 promotes the malignant phenotype and inhibits ferroptosis of glioma stem cells by acting as a scaffold for MKRN1, SOX15 and HNF4A.
    Title: CircVPS8 promotes the malignant phenotype and inhibits ferroptosis of glioma stem cells by acting as a scaffold for MKRN1, SOX15 and HNF4A.
  2. MKRN1 regulates the expression profiles and transcription factor activity in HeLa cells inhibition suppresses cervical cancer cell progression.
    Title: MKRN1 regulates the expression profiles and transcription factor activity in HeLa cells inhibition suppresses cervical cancer cell progression.
  3. MKRN1 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by activating the TGF-beta signalling pathway through SNIP1 protein degradation.
    Title: MKRN1 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by activating the TGF-β signalling pathway through SNIP1 protein degradation.
  4. MKRN1/2 serve as tumor suppressors in renal clear cell carcinoma by regulating the expression of p53.
    Title: MKRN1/2 serve as tumor suppressors in renal clear cell carcinoma by regulating the expression of p53.
  5. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors with BRAF gene fusions. A report of two cases showing low or absent KIT expression resulting in diagnostic pitfalls.
    Title: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors with BRAF gene fusions. A report of two cases showing low or absent KIT expression resulting in diagnostic pitfalls.
  6. directly binds to the cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein; mediates the recognition of poly(A) tails to prevent the production of erroneous proteins from prematurely polyadenylated transcripts
    Title: The RNA-binding ubiquitin ligase MKRN1 functions in ribosome-associated quality control of poly(A) translation.
  7. MKRN1 functions as a novel E3 ligase of APC that positively regulates Wnt/beta-catenin-mediated biological processes.
    Title: Ubiquitylation and degradation of adenomatous polyposis coli by MKRN1 enhances Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
  8. HAdV-C5 histone-like core protein pVII binds to and promotes self-ubiquitination of a cellular E3 ubiquitin ligase named MKRN1. This mutual interaction between the pVII and MKRN1 proteins may prime MKRN1 for proteasomal degradation, because the MKRN1 protein is efficiently degraded during the late phase of HAdV-C5 infection.
    Title: Human Adenovirus Infection Causes Cellular E3 Ubiquitin Ligase MKRN1 Degradation Involving the Viral Core Protein pVII.
  9. In combination testing, MKRN1 + HPV showed the highest sensitivity and specificity levels. The MKRN1 biomarker may be a useful adjunct in primary cervical cytology screening.
    Title: Makorin Ring Finger Protein 1 as Adjunctive Marker in Liquid-based Cervical Cytology.
  10. EGFR/PI3K/AKT-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of PTEN are dependent on the MKRN1 E3 ligase.
    Title: PI3K/AKT activation induces PTEN ubiquitination and destabilization accelerating tumourigenesis.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (16)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • FLJ21334

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables RNA binding HDA PubMed 
enables metal ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in protein polyubiquitination IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in protein ubiquitination IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in cellular_component ND
No biological Data available
more info
  
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase makorin-1
Names
RING finger protein 61
RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase makorin-1
NP_001138597.1
NP_001278592.1
NP_038474.2
XP_011514298.1
XP_011514299.1
XP_011514300.1
XP_047276054.1
XP_047276055.1
XP_054213702.1
XP_054213703.1
XP_054213704.1
XP_054213705.1
XP_054213706.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001145125.2 → NP_001138597.1  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase makorin-1 isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001138597.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) contains a 3' terminal exon that extends past a splice site that is used in variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC069335, AM236048
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS47725.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9UHC7
    Related
    ENSP00000416369.2, ENST00000443720.6
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00356
    Location:88 → 110
    ZnF_C3H1; zinc finger
    cd00162
    Location:281 → 323
    RING; RING-finger (Really Interesting New Gene) domain, a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc; defined by the 'cross-brace' motif C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)- H-X(2-3)-(N/C/H)-X2-C-X(4-48)C-X2-C; probably involved in ...

  2. NM_001291663.2 → NP_001278592.1  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase makorin-1 isoform 3

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001278592.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) has multiple differences compared to variant 1. These differences result in distinct 5' and 3' UTRs and cause translation initiation at a downstream start codon compared to variant 1. The 5'-most initiation codon, as used in variant 1, is associated with a truncated ORF that would render the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Leaky scanning may allow translation initiation at the downstream AUG to encode an isoform (3) that has a shorter N-terminus, and a distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC069335, BC051821, DC400746
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00356
    Location:24 → 46
    ZnF_C3H1; zinc finger
    cd00162
    Location:217 → 259
    RING; RING-finger (Really Interesting New Gene) domain, a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc; defined by the 'cross-brace' motif C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)- H-X(2-3)-(N/C/H)-X2-C-X(4-48)C-X2-C; probably involved in ...

  3. NM_013446.4 → NP_038474.2  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase makorin-1 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_038474.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC069335, AI828363, BC037400
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS5860.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A4D1T7, B3KXB4, Q256Y7, Q59G11, Q6GSF1, Q9H0G0, Q9UEZ7, Q9UHC7, Q9UHW2
    Related
    ENSP00000255977.2, ENST00000255977.7
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    smart00356
    Location:88 → 110
    ZnF_C3H1; zinc finger
    PHA03096
    Location:221 → 370
    PHA03096; p28-like protein; Provisional
    cd00162
    Location:281 → 335
    RING; RING-finger (Really Interesting New Gene) domain, a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc; defined by the 'cross-brace' motif C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)- H-X(2-3)-(N/C/H)-X2-C-X(4-48)C-X2-C; probably involved in ...
    pfam15815
    Location:400 → 480
    MKRN1_C; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase makorin-1, C-terminal

RNA

  1. NR_117084.1 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks two alternate internal exons compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the predicted protein does not meet RefSeq quality criteria.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC069335, AI828363, AK027137, AK297361, DC400746

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000007.14 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    140453033..140479569 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_011515996.3 → XP_011514298.1  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase makorin-1 isoform X1

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    PHA03096
    Location:178 → 327
    PHA03096; p28-like protein; Provisional
    cd00162
    Location:238 → 292
    RING; RING-finger (Really Interesting New Gene) domain, a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc; defined by the 'cross-brace' motif C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)- H-X(2-3)-(N/C/H)-X2-C-X(4-48)C-X2-C; probably involved in ...
    pfam15815
    Location:357 → 437
    MKRN1_C; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase makorin-1, C-terminal

  2. XM_011515998.2 → XP_011514300.1  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase makorin-1 isoform X2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011514300.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9UHC7
    Related
    ENSP00000417863.1, ENST00000474576.5
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    PHA03096
    Location:157 → 306
    PHA03096; p28-like protein; Provisional
    cd16730
    Location:214 → 274
    RING-HC_MKRN1_3; RING finger, HC subclass, found in makorin-1 (MKRN1), makorin-3 (MKRN3), and similar proteins
    pfam15815
    Location:336 → 416
    MKRN1_C; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase makorin-1, C-terminal
    pfam18345
    Location:26 → 44
    zf_CCCH_4; Zinc finger domain

  3. XM_011515997.4 → XP_011514299.1  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase makorin-1 isoform X2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011514299.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9UHC7
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    PHA03096
    Location:157 → 306
    PHA03096; p28-like protein; Provisional
    cd16730
    Location:214 → 274
    RING-HC_MKRN1_3; RING finger, HC subclass, found in makorin-1 (MKRN1), makorin-3 (MKRN3), and similar proteins
    pfam15815
    Location:336 → 416
    MKRN1_C; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase makorin-1, C-terminal
    pfam18345
    Location:26 → 44
    zf_CCCH_4; Zinc finger domain

  4. XM_047420099.1 → XP_047276055.1  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase makorin-1 isoform X2

  5. XM_047420098.1 → XP_047276054.1  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase makorin-1 isoform X2

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060931.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    141767185..141793679 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054357727.1 → XP_054213702.1  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase makorin-1 isoform X1

  2. XM_054357728.1 → XP_054213703.1  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase makorin-1 isoform X2

  3. XM_054357731.1 → XP_054213706.1  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase makorin-1 isoform X2

  4. XM_054357730.1 → XP_054213705.1  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase makorin-1 isoform X2

  5. XM_054357729.1 → XP_054213704.1  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase makorin-1 isoform X2

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9UHC7.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9UHC7

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