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TPX2 TPX2 microtubule nucleation factor [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 22974, updated on 11-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
TPX2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
TPX2 microtubule nucleation factorprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:1249
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000088325 MIM:605917; AllianceGenome:HGNC:1249
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
DIL2; p100; DIL-2; HCTP4; FLS353; HCA519; REPP86; C20orf1; C20orf2; GD:C20orf1
Summary
Enables importin-alpha family protein binding activity and protein kinase binding activity. Involved in activation of protein kinase activity; microtubule cytoskeleton organization; and negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization. Located in intercellular bridge; mitotic spindle; and nucleoplasm. Colocalizes with spindle pole. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression
Broad expression in testis (RPKM 19.8), bone marrow (RPKM 18.0) and 16 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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Location:
20q11.21
Exon count:
18
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 20 NC_000020.11 (31739290..31801800)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 20 NC_060944.1 (33463246..33526408)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 20 NC_000020.10 (30327093..30389603)

Chromosome 20 - NC_000020.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene VISTA enhancer hs2050 Neighboring gene BCL2L1 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene BCL2 like 1 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:30285857-30286804 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17690 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17691 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17692 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17693 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:30300575-30301102 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 251 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17694 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12761 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17695 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:30310290-30311045 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:30311046-30311800 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr20:30316344-30316520 Neighboring gene apoptotic BCL2L1-antisense long non-coding RNA Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17698 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17699 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:30373423-30373922 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:30376059-30376558 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:30403487-30404289 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:30407643-30408184 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:30411041-30411568 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12765 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17700 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:30411569-30412095 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:30412296-30412796 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:30414489-30414989 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:30421849-30422479 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:30424845-30425692 Neighboring gene myosin light chain kinase 2 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:30432791-30433348 Neighboring gene dual specificity phosphatase 15 Neighboring gene forkhead box S1

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. TPX2 expression as a negative predictor of gemcitabine efficacy in pancreatic cancer. Guenther M, et al. Br J Cancer, 2023 Jul. PMID 37142730, Free PMC Article
  2. TPX2 promotes ovarian tumorigenesis by interacting with Lamin A/C and affecting its stability. Meng X, et al. Cancer Med, 2023 Apr. PMID 36789877, Free PMC Article
  3. TPX2 enhances the transcription factor activation of PXR and enhances the resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to antitumor drugs. Wang H, et al. Cell Death Dis, 2023 Jan 27. PMID 36707511, Free PMC Article
  4. Comprehensive Analysis of the Oncogenic Role of Targeting Protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) in Human Malignancies. Shao T, et al. Dis Markers, 2022. PMID 36304254, Free PMC Article
  5. TPX2 Serves as a Cancer Susceptibility Gene and Is Closely Associated with the Poor Prognosis of Endometrial Cancer. Wang J, et al. Genet Res (Camb), 2022. PMID 35356748, Free PMC Article

See all (223) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Integrative analysis confirms TPX2 as a novel biomarker for clinical implication, tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy response across human solid tumors.
    Title: Integrative analysis confirms TPX2 as a novel biomarker for clinical implication, tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy response across human solid tumors.
  2. TPX2 influences the regulation of macrophage polarization via the NF-kappaB pathway in lung adenocarcinoma.
    Title: TPX2 influences the regulation of macrophage polarization via the NF-κB pathway in lung adenocarcinoma.
  3. miRNA-27b-3p/TPX2 Axis Regulates Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Cell Proliferation, Invasion and Migration.
    Title: miRNA-27b-3p/TPX2 Axis Regulates Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Cell Proliferation, Invasion and Migration.
  4. TPX2 Amplification-Driven Aberrant Mitosis in Culture Adapted Human Embryonic Stem Cells with gain of 20q11.21.
    Title: TPX2 Amplification-Driven Aberrant Mitosis in Culture Adapted Human Embryonic Stem Cells with gain of 20q11.21.
  5. TPX2 expression as a negative predictor of gemcitabine efficacy in pancreatic cancer.
    Title: TPX2 expression as a negative predictor of gemcitabine efficacy in pancreatic cancer.
  6. miR-29c Suppresses the Malignant Phenotype of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells In Vitro by Mediating TPX2 Associated with Immune Infiltration.
    Title: miR-29c Suppresses the Malignant Phenotype of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells In Vitro by Mediating TPX2 Associated with Immune Infiltration.
  7. TPX2 promotes ovarian tumorigenesis by interacting with Lamin A/C and affecting its stability.
    Title: TPX2 promotes ovarian tumorigenesis by interacting with Lamin A/C and affecting its stability.
  8. KIF4A promotes genomic stability and progression of endometrial cancer through regulation of TPX2 protein degradation.
    Title: KIF4A promotes genomic stability and progression of endometrial cancer through regulation of TPX2 protein degradation.
  9. TPX2 prompts mitotic survival via the induction of BCL2L1 through YAP1 protein stabilization in human embryonic stem cells.
    Title: TPX2 prompts mitotic survival via the induction of BCL2L1 through YAP1 protein stabilization in human embryonic stem cells.
  10. AurkA nuclear localization is promoted by TPX2 and counteracted by protein degradation.
    Title: AurkA nuclear localization is promoted by TPX2 and counteracted by protein degradation.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (113)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables importin-alpha family protein binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables molecular adaptor activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein kinase binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in activation of protein kinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in apoptotic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cell division IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in microtubule nucleation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in mitotic cell cycle TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in mitotic spindle assembly IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of mitotic spindle organization ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in axon hillock IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in intercellular bridge IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in microtubule cytoskeleton IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in mitotic spindle IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in nucleoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in nucleoplasm TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in nucleus TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in spindle IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in spindle ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 
colocalizes_with spindle pole IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
targeting protein for Xklp2
Names
TPX2, microtubule-associated protein homolog
TPX2, microtubule-associated, homolog
differentially expressed in cancerous and non-cancerous lung cells 2
differentially expressed in cancerous and noncancerous lung cells 2
differentially expressed in lung cells
hepatocellular carcinoma-associated antigen 519
hepatocellular carcinoma-associated antigen 90
preferentially expressed in colorectal cancer
protein fls353
restricted expression proliferation associated protein 100

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_012112.5 → NP_036244.2  targeting protein for Xklp2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_036244.2

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AF098158, BC020207, CB960160
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13190.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q96RR5, Q9H1R4, Q9NRA3, Q9UFN9, Q9UL00, Q9ULW0, Q9Y2M1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B3KM90, Q643R0
    Related
    ENSP00000300403.6, ENST00000300403.11
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam09041
    Location:1 → 68
    Aurora-A_bind; Aurora-A binding
    pfam06886
    Location:660 → 740
    TPX2; Targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2)
    pfam12214
    Location:367 → 489
    TPX2_importin; Cell cycle regulated microtubule associated protein

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000020.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    31739290..31801800
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_011528700.4 → XP_011527002.1  targeting protein for Xklp2 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B3KM90
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam06886
    Location:657 → 711
    TPX2; Targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2)
    pfam09041
    Location:1 → 68
    Aurora-A_bind; Aurora-A binding
    pfam12214
    Location:367 → 489
    TPX2_importin; Cell cycle regulated microtubule associated protein

  2. XM_011528699.3 → XP_011527001.1  targeting protein for Xklp2 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011527001.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q96RR5, Q9H1R4, Q9NRA3, Q9UFN9, Q9UL00, Q9ULW0, Q9Y2M1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B3KM90, Q643R0
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam09041
    Location:1 → 68
    Aurora-A_bind; Aurora-A binding
    pfam06886
    Location:660 → 740
    TPX2; Targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2)
    pfam12214
    Location:367 → 489
    TPX2_importin; Cell cycle regulated microtubule associated protein

  3. XM_047440018.1 → XP_047295974.1  targeting protein for Xklp2 isoform X2

  4. XM_011528697.3 → XP_011526999.1  targeting protein for Xklp2 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011526999.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q96RR5, Q9H1R4, Q9NRA3, Q9UFN9, Q9UL00, Q9ULW0, Q9Y2M1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B3KM90, Q643R0
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam09041
    Location:1 → 68
    Aurora-A_bind; Aurora-A binding
    pfam06886
    Location:660 → 740
    TPX2; Targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2)
    pfam12214
    Location:367 → 489
    TPX2_importin; Cell cycle regulated microtubule associated protein

  5. XM_047440017.1 → XP_047295973.1  targeting protein for Xklp2 isoform X2

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060944.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    33463246..33526408
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054323205.1 → XP_054179180.1  targeting protein for Xklp2 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q96RR5, Q9H1R4, Q9NRA3, Q9UFN9, Q9UL00, Q9ULW0, Q9Y2M1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q643R0

  2. XM_054323208.1 → XP_054179183.1  targeting protein for Xklp2 isoform X2

  3. XM_054323207.1 → XP_054179182.1  targeting protein for Xklp2 isoform X2

  4. XM_054323206.1 → XP_054179181.1  targeting protein for Xklp2 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q96RR5, Q9H1R4, Q9NRA3, Q9UFN9, Q9UL00, Q9ULW0, Q9Y2M1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q643R0

  5. XM_054323209.1 → XP_054179184.1  targeting protein for Xklp2 isoform X2

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9ULW0.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9ULW0

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