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ACSL3 acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 3 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 2181, updated on 7-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
ACSL3provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 3provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:3570
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000123983 MIM:602371; AllianceGenome:HGNC:3570
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
ACS3; FACL3; LACS3; LACS 3; PRO2194
Summary
The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of the long-chain fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase family. Although differing in substrate specificity, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution, all isozymes of this family convert free long-chain fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoA esters, and thereby play a key role in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. This isozyme is highly expressed in brain, and preferentially utilizes myristate, arachidonate, and eicosapentaenoate as substrates. The amino acid sequence of this isozyme is 92% identical to that of rat homolog. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in prostate (RPKM 44.8), brain (RPKM 31.0) and 24 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See ACSL3 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
2q36.1
Exon count:
17
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 2 NC_000002.12 (222861036..222944639)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 2 NC_060926.1 (223346613..223427414)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 2 NC_000002.11 (223725754..223809357)

Chromosome 2 - NC_000002.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17169 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 7025 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105373903 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 17 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:223659282-223660204 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:223660205-223661127 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 2575 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 9896 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12374 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:223730990-223731491 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak4046 silencer Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:223770847-223771419 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:223771420-223771991 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:223772163-223772785 Neighboring gene autophagy related 12 pseudogene 2 Neighboring gene ACSL3 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12375 Neighboring gene zinc finger protein 79 pseudogene Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17170 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 15139 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17171 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:223917216-223917763 Neighboring gene potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory subunit 4

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Metabolic enzyme ACSL3 is a prognostic biomarker and correlates with anticancer effectiveness of statins in non-small cell lung cancer. Fernández LP, et al. Mol Oncol, 2020 Dec. PMID 33030783, Free PMC Article
  2. The metabolic capacity of lipid droplet localized acyl-CoA synthetase 3 is not sufficient to support local triglyceride synthesis independent of the endoplasmic reticulum in A431 cells. Poppelreuther M, et al. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids, 2018 Jun. PMID 29526665
  3. ACSL3 promotes intratumoral steroidogenesis in prostate cancer cells. Migita T, et al. Cancer Sci, 2017 Oct. PMID 28771887, Free PMC Article
  4. Increased long chain acyl-Coa synthetase activity and fatty acid import is linked to membrane synthesis for development of picornavirus replication organelles. Nchoutmboube JA, et al. PLoS Pathog, 2013. PMID 23762027, Free PMC Article
  5. The N-terminal region of acyl-CoA synthetase 3 is essential for both the localization on lipid droplets and the function in fatty acid uptake. Poppelreuther M, et al. J Lipid Res, 2012 May. PMID 22357706, Free PMC Article

See all (150) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. [Research advances on the role of ACSL3 in the atherosclerosis].
    Title: [Research advances on the role of ACSL3 in the atherosclerosis].
  2. Activation of MAT2A-ACSL3 pathway protects cells from ferroptosis in gastric cancer.
    Title: Activation of MAT2A-ACSL3 pathway protects cells from ferroptosis in gastric cancer.
  3. Metabolic enzyme ACSL3 is a prognostic biomarker and correlates with anticancer effectiveness of statins in non-small cell lung cancer.
    Title: Metabolic enzyme ACSL3 is a prognostic biomarker and correlates with anticancer effectiveness of statins in non-small cell lung cancer.
  4. Immunohistochemical staining reveals differential expression of ACSL3 and ACSL4 in hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic gastrointestinal metastases.
    Title: Immunohistochemical staining reveals differential expression of ACSL3 and ACSL4 in hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic gastrointestinal metastases.
  5. The ACSL3-LPIAT1 signaling drives prostaglandin synthesis in non-small cell lung cancer.
    Title: The ACSL3-LPIAT1 signaling drives prostaglandin synthesis in non-small cell lung cancer.
  6. ACSL3 distribution closely overlapped with proteins involved in trafficking from the trans-Golgi network and endosomes. In contrast, the ACSL4 localisation pattern more closely followed that of calnexin which is an endoplasmic reticulum resident chaperone.
    Title: The endogenous subcellular localisations of the long chain fatty acid-activating enzymes ACSL3 and ACSL4 in sarcoma and breast cancer cells.
  7. Subcellular fractionation showed that at least 68% of ACSL3 remain at the ER even during extensive fatty acid supplementation. High resolution single molecule microscopy confirmed the abundance of cytoplasmic ACSL3 outside of LDs.
    Title: The metabolic capacity of lipid droplet localized acyl-CoA synthetase 3 is not sufficient to support local triglyceride synthesis independent of the endoplasmic reticulum in A431 cells.
  8. ACSL3 is essential for mutant KRAS lung cancer tumorigenesis in vivo and is highly expressed in human lung cancer
    Title: Fatty Acid Oxidation Mediated by Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long Chain 3 Is Required for Mutant KRAS Lung Tumorigenesis.
  9. Study shows that ACSL3 contributes to intratumoral steroidogenesis by modulating the steroidogenic genes and plays an important role in the growth of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
    Title: ACSL3 promotes intratumoral steroidogenesis in prostate cancer cells.
  10. ACLS4 and ACLS3 have roles in insulin secretion
    Title: Characterization of Acyl-CoA synthetase isoforms in pancreatic beta cells: Gene silencing shows participation of ACSL3 and ACSL4 in insulin secretion.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (23)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env Tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometry analysis identify acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3 (ACSL3), HIV-1 Gag, Gag/Pol, gp120, and Nef incorporated into staufen1 RNP complexes isolated from HIV-1-expressing cells PubMed
Gag-Pol gag-pol Tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometry analysis identify acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3 (ACSL3), HIV-1 Gag, Gag/Pol, gp120, and Nef incorporated into staufen1 RNP complexes isolated from HIV-1-expressing cells PubMed
Nef nef Tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometry analysis identify acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3 (ACSL3), HIV-1 Gag, Gag/Pol, gp120, and Nef incorporated into staufen1 RNP complexes isolated from HIV-1-expressing cells PubMed
Pr55(Gag) gag Tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometry analysis identify acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3 (ACSL3), HIV-1 Gag, Gag/Pol, gp120, and Nef incorporated into staufen1 RNP complexes isolated from HIV-1-expressing cells PubMed
Vpu vpu HIV-1 Vpu is identified to have a physical interaction with acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3 (ACSL3) in human HEK293 and/or Jurkat cell lines by using affinity tagging and purification mass spectrometry analyses PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables ATP binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables arachidonate-CoA ligase activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
enables long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
enables long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
enables medium-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables palmitoyl-CoA ligase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein domain specific binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein kinase binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in fatty acid metabolic process TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
acts_upstream_of long-chain fatty acid import into cell IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in long-chain fatty acid metabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in long-chain fatty acid metabolic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in long-chain fatty acid metabolic process ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
involved_in long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in neuron differentiation IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of secretion IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in Golgi apparatus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in endoplasmic reticulum IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in endoplasmic reticulum IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in lipid droplet IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in lipid droplet IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in membrane HDA PubMed 
located_in mitochondrial outer membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in peroxisomal membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
fatty acid CoA ligase Acsl3
Names
arachidonate--CoA ligase
fatty-acid-Coenzyme A ligase, long-chain 3
lignoceroyl-CoA synthase
long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 3
long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 3
medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase Acsl3
NP_001341087.1
NP_001341088.1
NP_004448.2
NP_976251.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001354158.2 → NP_001341087.1  fatty acid CoA ligase Acsl3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC013476, AC016712
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS2455.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    O95573, Q60I92, Q8IUM9
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2RBE0
    Related
    ENSP00000505793.1, ENST00000680395.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl17068
    Location:30 → 717
    AFD_class_I; Adenylate forming domain, Class I superfamily

  2. NM_001354159.2 → NP_001341088.1  fatty acid CoA ligase Acsl3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC013476, AC016712
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS2455.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    O95573, Q60I92, Q8IUM9
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2RBE0
    Related
    ENSP00000505400.1, ENST00000680251.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl17068
    Location:30 → 717
    AFD_class_I; Adenylate forming domain, Class I superfamily

  3. NM_004457.5 → NP_004448.2  fatty acid CoA ligase Acsl3

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004448.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC013476, BC041692
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS2455.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    O95573, Q60I92, Q8IUM9
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2RBE0
    Related
    ENSP00000350012.3, ENST00000357430.8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl17068
    Location:30 → 717
    AFD_class_I; Adenylate forming domain, Class I superfamily

  4. NM_203372.3 → NP_976251.1  fatty acid CoA ligase Acsl3

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_976251.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC013476, AC016712
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS2455.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    O95573, Q60I92, Q8IUM9
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2RBE0
    Related
    ENSP00000375918.3, ENST00000392066.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl17068
    Location:30 → 717
    AFD_class_I; Adenylate forming domain, Class I superfamily

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000002.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    222861036..222944639
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060926.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    223346613..223427414
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
O95573.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:O95573

Gene LinkOut

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