Ghrh growth hormone releasing hormone [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Ghrhprovided by MGI
Official Full Name: growth hormone releasing hormoneprovided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:95709
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000027643 AllianceGenome:MGI:95709
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: GRF; Ghrf
Summary: This gene encodes a hormone that has stimulatory effects on pituitary growth hormone synthesis and release, and somatotrope expansion. The encoded preproprotein undergoes proteolytic processing to generate the mature peptide that is secreted by hypothalamus. Mice lacking the encoded protein are deficient in the growth hormone, live longer and exhibit growth retardation, enhanced insulin sensitivity and increased xenobiotic metabolism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]
Expression: Restricted expression toward placenta adult (RPKM 10.5) See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 2 H1; 2 78.25 cM

Exon count:: 6

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	2	NC_000068.8 (157171416..157190645, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	2	NC_000068.7 (157329496..157348725, complement)

Chromosome 2 - NC_000068.8 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Distinct physiological characteristics and altered glucagon signaling in GHRH knockout mice: Implications for longevity.
Title: Distinct physiological characteristics and altered glucagon signaling in GHRH knockout mice: Implications for longevity.
Effects of GHRH Deficiency and GHRH Antagonism on Emotional Disorders in Mice.
Title: Effects of GHRH Deficiency and GHRH Antagonism on Emotional Disorders in Mice.
Agonistic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone promotes neurofunctional recovery and neural regeneration in ischemic stroke.
Title: Agonistic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone promotes neurofunctional recovery and neural regeneration in ischemic stroke.
Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of long-lived growth hormone releasing hormone knock-out mice: evidence for altered mitochondrial function and amino acid metabolism.
Title: Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of long-lived growth hormone releasing hormone knock-out mice: evidence for altered mitochondrial function and amino acid metabolism.
Generalized GHRH gene ablation increases sensitivity to thermal pain and both acute and persistent inflammatory stimuli in male mice
Title: Increased pain and inflammatory sensitivity in growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) knockout mice.
In this animal model, the somatotrope GHRH/GH/IGF1 axis plays a vital and unsuspected role in vaccine and immunological defense against S. pneumoniae.
Title: Growth Hormone (GH) Deficient Mice With GHRH Gene Ablation Are Severely Deficient in Vaccine and Immune Responses Against Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Growth hormone-releasing hormone agonist markedly improve therapeutic angiogenesis in hindlimb ischemia by increasing the viability and mobility of mesenchymal stem cells.
Title: Profound Actions of an Agonist of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone on Angiogenic Therapy by Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
The increased food intake observed in GHRH ablated animals is associated with increased locomotor and thermogenic activity.
Title: Increased locomotor and thermogenic activity in mice with targeted ablation of the GHRH gene.
exerts survival and antiapoptotic effects in skeletal muscle cells through the activation of anabolic pathways and the inhibition of proteolytic routes
Title: GH-Releasing Hormone Promotes Survival and Prevents TNF-α-Induced Apoptosis and Atrophy in C2C12 Myotubes.
In male mice GHRH deficiency brings about an increased physical activity and decreased anxiety- and depression-related behaviour, possibly related to increased TRH and decreased NE levels in the brain.
Title: Behavioural phenotyping of male growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) knockout mice.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (23)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Endonuclease-mediated (2)
Targeted (4) 1 citation

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

Ghrh (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:506934

M31654 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:178759

Ghrh (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:143204

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables growth hormone-releasing hormone activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables growth hormone-releasing hormone activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables growth hormone-releasing hormone activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables neuropeptide hormone activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables neuropeptide hormone activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables peptide hormone receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within adenohypophysis development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in growth hormone secretion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within growth hormone secretion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within growth hormone secretion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within growth hormone secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of hormone secretion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in multicellular organism growth	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in multicellular organism growth	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of growth hormone secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of growth hormone secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of hormone secretion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of multicellular organism growth	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of multicellular organism growth	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of multicellular organism growth	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of protein localization	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to food	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in axon terminus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in perikaryon	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in perikaryon	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in terminal bouton	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in terminal bouton	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: somatoliberin

Names: growth hormone-releasing factor

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001329683.1 → NP_001316612.1 somatoliberin preproprotein

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein.

Source sequence(s)

AK018816, BX510908, BY705613

Consensus CDS

CCDS16976.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P16043

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q544X5

Related

ENSMUSP00000105162.2, ENSMUST00000109536.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00123
Location:31 → 57

Hormone_2; Peptide hormone
NM_010285.3 → NP_034415.1 somatoliberin preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_034415.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the functional protein. Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein.

Source sequence(s)

AK018816, BY705613

Consensus CDS

CCDS16976.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P16043

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q544X5

Related

ENSMUSP00000029172.2, ENSMUST00000029172.2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00123
Location:31 → 57

Hormone_2; Peptide hormone