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PTGR2 prostaglandin reductase 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 145482, updated on 5-Mar-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
PTGR2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
prostaglandin reductase 2provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:20149
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000140043 MIM:608642; AllianceGenome:HGNC:20149
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
PGR2; ZADH1; HEL-S-298
Summary
This gene encodes an enzyme involved in the metabolism of prostaglandins. The encoded protein catalyzes the NADPH-dependent conversion of 15-keto-prostaglandin E2 to 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-prostaglandin E2. This protein may also be involved in regulating activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in heart (RPKM 10.6), thyroid (RPKM 9.3) and 24 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See PTGR2 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
14q24.3
Exon count:
13
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 14 NC_000014.9 (73851831..73885726)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 14 NC_060938.1 (68059477..68093373)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 14 NC_000014.8 (74318534..74352429)

Chromosome 14 - NC_000014.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene MIDEAS antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA U13 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 2274 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr14:74302771-74302949 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr14:74305149-74305318 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr14:74318268-74318670 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8721 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 5922 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8722 Neighboring gene zinc finger protein 410 Neighboring gene FAM161 centrosomal protein B Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:74416687-74417687 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr14:74418757-74419055 Neighboring gene ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5 (inactive) Neighboring gene coenzyme Q6, monooxygenase

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Inhibition of Prostaglandin Reductase 2, a Putative Oncogene Overexpressed in Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, Induces Oxidative Stress-Mediated Cell Death Involving xCT and CTH Gene Expressions through 15-Keto-PGE2. Chang EY, et al. PLoS One, 2016. PMID 26820738, Free PMC Article
  2. Prostaglandin reductase 2 modulates ROS-mediated cell death and tumor transformation of gastric cancer cells and is associated with higher mortality in gastric cancer patients. Chang EY, et al. Am J Pathol, 2012 Oct. PMID 22998775
  3. Genomic analyses identify gene candidates for acquired irinotecan resistance in melanoma cells. Gao K, et al. Int J Oncol, 2008 Jun. PMID 18497997
  4. Cloning and characterization of a novel splicing variant of the ZADH1 gene. Zhang L, et al. Cytogenet Genome Res, 2003. PMID 15004468
  5. Structural basis for catalytic and inhibitory mechanisms of human prostaglandin reductase PTGR2. Wu YH, et al. Structure, 2008 Nov 12. PMID 19000823

See all (23) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Silencing of PTGR2 expression enhances reactive oxygen species production, suppresses pancreatic cell proliferation, and promotes cell death through increasing 15-keto-PGE2.
    Title: Inhibition of Prostaglandin Reductase 2, a Putative Oncogene Overexpressed in Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, Induces Oxidative Stress-Mediated Cell Death Involving xCT and CTH Gene Expressions through 15-Keto-PGE2.
  2. Functional data and clinical relevance for the role of PTGR2 in gastric cancer, are provided.
    Title: Prostaglandin reductase 2 modulates ROS-mediated cell death and tumor transformation of gastric cancer cells and is associated with higher mortality in gastric cancer patients.
  3. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
    Title: Genetic variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes influence AIDS progression.
  4. Besides targeting cyclooxygenase, indomethacin inhibits PTGR2 with a binding mode similar to that of 15-keto-PGE(2).
    Title: Structural basis for catalytic and inhibitory mechanisms of human prostaglandin reductase PTGR2.
  5. Cloning and tissue distribution of a splicing variant ZADH1b.
    Title: Cloning and characterization of a novel splicing variant of the ZADH1 gene.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Potential readthrough

Included gene: ZNF410

Homology

Clone Names

  • FLJ39091, FLJ99229, DKFZp686P10120

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables 13-prostaglandin reductase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables 15-oxoprostaglandin 13-oxidase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables 15-oxoprostaglandin 13-oxidase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
NOT enables zinc ion binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in prostaglandin metabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in prostaglandin metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
prostaglandin reductase 2
Names
15-oxoprostaglandin 13-reductase
15-oxoprostaglandin-delta13-reductase
PRG-2
epididymis secretory protein Li 298
epididymis secretory sperm binding protein
zinc binding alcohol dehydrogenase, domain containing 1
zinc-binding alcohol dehydrogenase domain-containing protein 1
NP_001139626.1
NP_001139627.1
NP_001358254.1
NP_001358255.1
NP_001358256.1
NP_001358257.1
NP_001358258.1
NP_001358259.1
NP_001358260.1
NP_001358261.1
NP_001358263.1
NP_001358264.1
NP_689657.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001146154.2 → NP_001139626.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001139626.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, 3 and 4 encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC005520, AY346133, BP357520, BU616297
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS9820.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q3L8A4, Q6MZH8, Q8N8N7
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    V9HW32
    Related
    ENSP00000452280.1, ENST00000555661.6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd08293
    Location:1 → 345
    PTGR2; Prostaglandin reductase

  2. NM_001146155.3 → NP_001139627.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001139627.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2 and 3 encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC005520, BC059364, BU616297, DR158023
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS9820.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q3L8A4, Q6MZH8, Q8N8N7
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    V9HW32
    Related
    ENSP00000450975.1, ENST00000555228.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd08293
    Location:1 → 345
    PTGR2; Prostaglandin reductase

  3. NM_001371325.1 → NP_001358254.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC005520
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS9820.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q3L8A4, Q6MZH8, Q8N8N7
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    V9HW32
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd08293
    Location:1 → 345
    PTGR2; Prostaglandin reductase

  4. NM_001371326.1 → NP_001358255.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC005520
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl16912
    Location:1 → 288
    MDR; Medium chain reductase/dehydrogenase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family

  5. NM_001371327.1 → NP_001358256.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC005520
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    G3V3Y1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl16912
    Location:1 → 275
    MDR; Medium chain reductase/dehydrogenase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family

  6. NM_001371328.1 → NP_001358257.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC005520
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    G3V3Y1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl16912
    Location:1 → 275
    MDR; Medium chain reductase/dehydrogenase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family

  7. NM_001371329.1 → NP_001358258.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC005520
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    G3V3Y1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl16912
    Location:1 → 275
    MDR; Medium chain reductase/dehydrogenase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family

  8. NM_001371330.1 → NP_001358259.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 4

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC005520
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS91902.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    G3V2R9
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl16912
    Location:1 → 211
    MDR; Medium chain reductase/dehydrogenase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family

  9. NM_001371331.1 → NP_001358260.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 4

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC005520
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS91902.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    G3V2R9
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl16912
    Location:1 → 211
    MDR; Medium chain reductase/dehydrogenase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family

  10. NM_001371332.1 → NP_001358261.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 4

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC005520
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS91902.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    G3V2R9
    Related
    ENSP00000450824.1, ENST00000553813.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl16912
    Location:1 → 211
    MDR; Medium chain reductase/dehydrogenase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family

  11. NM_001371334.1 → NP_001358263.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 5

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC005520
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl16912
    Location:1 → 117
    MDR; Medium chain reductase/dehydrogenase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family

  12. NM_001371335.1 → NP_001358264.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 6

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC005520
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl16912
    Location:1 → 52
    MDR; Medium chain reductase/dehydrogenase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family

  13. NM_152444.4 → NP_689657.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_689657.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript. Variants 1, 2, 3 and 4 encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC005520, BC059364, BU616297
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS9820.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q3L8A4, Q6MZH8, Q8N8N7
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    V9HW32
    Related
    ENSP00000267568.4, ENST00000267568.8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd08293
    Location:1 → 345
    PTGR2; Prostaglandin reductase

RNA

  1. NR_163921.1 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC005520

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000014.9 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    73851831..73885726
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060938.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    68059477..68093373
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q8N8N7.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q8N8N7

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Chemical Information
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
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