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CRY1 cryptochrome circadian regulator 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 1407, updated on 5-Mar-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
CRY1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
cryptochrome circadian regulator 1provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:2384
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000008405 MIM:601933; AllianceGenome:HGNC:2384
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
DSPD; PHLL1
Summary
This gene encodes a flavin adenine dinucleotide-binding protein that is a key component of the circadian core oscillator complex, which regulates the circadian clock. This gene is upregulated by CLOCK/ARNTL heterodimers but then represses this upregulation in a feedback loop using PER/CRY heterodimers to interact with CLOCK/ARNTL. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with altered sleep patterns. The encoded protein is widely conserved across plants and animals. Loss of the related gene in mouse results in a shortened circadian cycle in complete darkness. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]
Expression
Broad expression in testis (RPKM 23.5), thyroid (RPKM 10.6) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
mouse all
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Genomic context

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See CRY1 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
12q23.3
Exon count:
15
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 12 NC_000012.12 (106991364..107093549, complement)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 12 NC_060936.1 (106954997..107057182, complement)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 12 NC_000012.11 (107385142..107487327, complement)

Chromosome 12 - NC_000012.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 9924 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 6950 Neighboring gene transmembrane protein 263 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak1931 silencer Neighboring gene mitochondrial transcription termination factor 2 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 4820 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 6951 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 4821 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124903009 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 1195 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 11431 Neighboring gene SET pseudogene 7

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. An observational study investigating the CRY1Δ11 variant associated with delayed sleep-wake patterns and circadian metabolic output. Smieszek SP, et al. Sci Rep, 2021 Oct 11. PMID 34635699, Free PMC Article
  2. Variants of the cry 1 gene may influence the effect of fat intake on resting metabolic rate in women with overweight of obesity: a cross-sectional study. Mirzababaei A, et al. BMC Endocr Disord, 2021 Oct 5. PMID 34610814, Free PMC Article
  3. The molecular clock gene cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) and its role in cluster headache. Fourier C, et al. Cephalalgia, 2021 Nov. PMID 34256648, Free PMC Article
  4. Increase of Cry 1 expression is a common phenomenon of the disturbed circadian clock in ischemic stroke and opioid addiction. Roy K, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2021 Jun 18. PMID 33894675
  5. The circadian cryptochrome, CRY1, is a pro-tumorigenic factor that rhythmically modulates DNA repair. Shafi AA, et al. Nat Commun, 2021 Jan 15. PMID 33452241, Free PMC Article

See all (130) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Circadian modulation of glucose utilization via CRY1-mediated repression of Pdk1 expression.
    Title: Circadian modulation of glucose utilization via CRY1-mediated repression of Pdk1 expression.
  2. Cry1Delta11 mutation induces ADHD-like symptoms through hyperactive dopamine D1 receptor signaling.
    Title: Cry1Δ11 mutation induces ADHD-like symptoms through hyperactive dopamine D1 receptor signaling.
  3. The interaction between CRY1 Polymorphism and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight women and women with obesity: a cross-sectional study.
    Title: The interaction between CRY1 Polymorphism and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight women and women with obesity: a cross-sectional study.
  4. Circadian Gene cry Controls Tumorigenesis through Modulation of Myc Accumulation in Glioblastoma Cells.
    Title: Circadian Gene cry Controls Tumorigenesis through Modulation of Myc Accumulation in Glioblastoma Cells.
  5. Cryptochrome 1 is modulated by blue light in human keratinocytes and exerts positive impact on human hair growth.
    Title: Cryptochrome 1 is modulated by blue light in human keratinocytes and exerts positive impact on human hair growth.
  6. CRY1 Regulates Chemoresistance in Association With NANOG by Inhibiting Apoptosis via STAT3 Pathway in Patients With Cervical Cancer.
    Title: CRY1 Regulates Chemoresistance in Association With NANOG by Inhibiting Apoptosis via STAT3 Pathway in Patients With Cervical Cancer.
  7. Variants of the cry 1 gene may influence the effect of fat intake on resting metabolic rate in women with overweight of obesity: a cross-sectional study.
    Title: Variants of the cry 1 gene may influence the effect of fat intake on resting metabolic rate in women with overweight of obesity: a cross-sectional study.
  8. An observational study investigating the CRY1Delta11 variant associated with delayed sleep-wake patterns and circadian metabolic output.
    Title: An observational study investigating the CRY1Δ11 variant associated with delayed sleep-wake patterns and circadian metabolic output.
  9. The molecular clock gene cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) and its role in cluster headache.
    Title: The molecular clock gene cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) and its role in cluster headache.
  10. RNF38 inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation by binding to CRY1.
    Title: RNF38 inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation by binding to CRY1.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (72)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description Tests
Delayed sleep phase syndrome, susceptibility to
MedGen: C3279991 OMIM: 614163 GeneReviews: Not available
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Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
NOT enables DNA (6-4) photolyase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables DNA binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables E-box binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables FAD binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables blue light photoreceptor activity NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
NOT enables deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables double-stranded DNA binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables histone deacetylase binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables nuclear receptor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables phosphatase binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein kinase binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in blue light signaling pathway NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in circadian regulation of gene expression IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in circadian regulation of gene expression ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in circadian rhythm ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in gluconeogenesis ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in glucose homeostasis ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in lipid storage IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of circadian rhythm ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of glucocorticoid secretion IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of gluconeogenesis ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of protein ubiquitination ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of gluconeogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of protein ubiquitination ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in regulation of DNA damage checkpoint ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in regulation of circadian rhythm ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in response to activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in response to glucagon ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in response to insulin IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to light stimulus ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in signal transduction in response to DNA damage ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in mitochondrion IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in nucleus ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
cryptochrome-1
Names
cryptochrome 1 (photolyase-like)
cryptochrome circadian clock 1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001413458.1 → NP_001400387.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform a

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC007541, AC078929

  2. NM_001413459.1 → NP_001400388.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform b

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC007541, AC078929

  3. NM_001413460.1 → NP_001400389.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform c

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC007541, AC078929

  4. NM_001413461.1 → NP_001400390.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform d

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC007541, AC078929
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q16526
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A2I2P0

  5. NM_001413462.1 → NP_001400391.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform d

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC007541, AC078929
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q16526
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A2I2P0

  6. NM_001413463.1 → NP_001400392.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform e

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC007541, AC078929

  7. NM_001413464.1 → NP_001400393.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform f

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC007541, AC078929

  8. NM_001413465.1 → NP_001400394.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform f

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC007541, AC078929

  9. NM_001413466.1 → NP_001400395.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform g

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC007541, AC078929

  10. NM_001413467.1 → NP_001400396.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform h

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC007541, AC078929

  11. NM_001413468.1 → NP_001400397.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform h

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC007541, AC078929

  12. NM_001413469.1 → NP_001400398.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform h

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC007541, AC078929

  13. NM_001413470.1 → NP_001400399.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform h

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC007541, AC078929

  14. NM_004075.5 → NP_004066.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform d

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004066.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AK290552, BC017466, BJ993835, DB454192
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS9112.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q16526
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A2I2P0
    Related
    ENSP00000008527.5, ENST00000008527.10
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG0415
    Location:6 → 491
    PhrB; Deoxyribodipyrimidine photolyase [Replication, recombination and repair]
    pfam03441
    Location:288 → 486
    FAD_binding_7; FAD binding domain of DNA photolyase

RNA

  1. NR_182152.1 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC007541, AC078929

  2. NR_182153.1 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC007541, AC078929

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000012.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    106991364..107093549 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047428319.1 → XP_047284275.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform X1

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060936.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    106954997..107057182 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054371141.1 → XP_054227116.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform X1

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q16526.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q16526

Gene LinkOut

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Chemical Information
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