U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Gfer growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

Gene ID: 11692, updated on 2-Nov-2024

Summary

Go to the top of the page Help
Official Symbol
Gferprovided by MGI
Official Full Name
growth factor, augmenter of liver regenerationprovided by MGI
Primary source
MGI:MGI:107757
See related
Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000040888 AllianceGenome:MGI:107757
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Mus musculus
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as
Alr; ERV1
Summary
Predicted to enable flavin adenine dinucleotide binding activity and flavin-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including liver regeneration; negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity; and positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process. Located in mitochondrion. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in kidney failure and renal fibrosis. Orthologous to human GFER (growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in testis adult (RPKM 40.9), colon adult (RPKM 27.9) and 28 other tissues See more
Orthologs
human all
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Go to the top of the page Help
See Gfer in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
17 A3.3; 17 12.48 cM
Exon count:
4
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 17 NC_000083.7 (24912164..24915065, complement)
108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 17 NC_000083.6 (24693190..24696156, complement)

Chromosome 17 - NC_000083.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene zinc finger protein 598 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E11630 Neighboring gene synaptogyrin 3 Neighboring gene NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Neighboring gene transducin (beta)-like 3 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E10937

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

Go to the top of the page Help
  • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
  • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
  • BioProject: PRJNA66167
  • Publication: PMID 25409824
  • Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

Go to the top of the pageHelp

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Imbalance in ALR ubiquitination accelerates the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma. Zheng M, et al. Oncogene, 2023 Jan. PMID 36434180
  2. Augmenter of liver regeneration attenuates inflammatory response in the postischemic mouse liver in vivo. Khandoga A, et al. J Surg Res, 2014 Nov. PMID 24948544
  3. [The protective effect of augmenter of liver regeneration on mice with acute liver injury by up-regulating the expression levels of regulatory T cells]. Sun H, et al. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi, 2015 Jan. PMID 25575048
  4. Deceleration of liver regeneration by knockdown of augmenter of liver regeneration gene is associated with impairment of mitochondrial DNA synthesis in mice. Han LH, et al. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2015 Jul 15. PMID 25977511
  5. Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) restrains concanavalin A-induced hepatitis in mice. Mu M, et al. Int Immunopharmacol, 2016 Jun. PMID 27085679

See all (41) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. TMPRSS11D/ALR-mediated ER stress regulates the function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the cervical cancer microenvironment.
    Title: TMPRSS11D/ALR-mediated ER stress regulates the function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the cervical cancer microenvironment.
  2. Imbalance in ALR ubiquitination accelerates the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Title: Imbalance in ALR ubiquitination accelerates the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma.
  3. Augmenter of liver regeneration regulates cellular iron homeostasis by modulating mitochondrial transport of ATP-binding cassette B8.
    Title: Augmenter of liver regeneration regulates cellular iron homeostasis by modulating mitochondrial transport of ATP-binding cassette B8.
  4. Hepatic Deficiency of Augmenter of Liver Regeneration Predisposes to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis.
    Title: Hepatic Deficiency of Augmenter of Liver Regeneration Predisposes to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis.
  5. In gain-of-function studies using mice overexpressing the human resolvin E1 receptor (ERV1) in myeloid cells, monocyte phenotypic shifts to increased patrolling-to-inflammatory ratio controlled inflammation, reduced body weight gain and protected from hyperglycemia on high-fat diet.
    Title: ERV1 Overexpression in Myeloid Cells Protects against High Fat Diet Induced Obesity and Glucose Intolerance.
  6. Study in mouse model of liver cirrhosis demonstrate that the lack of ALR aggravates liver fibrosis, probably by regulating mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial dynamics in hepatic stellate cells.
    Title: Deficiency in augmenter of liver regeneration accelerates liver fibrosis by promoting migration of hepatic stellate cell.
  7. To test whether differences in the ratio between CHCHD4 and ALR might explain tissue-specific differences in the CHCHD4 redox state, we determined the molar ratio of both proteins in different mouse tissues. Surprisingly, ALR is superstoichiometric over CHCHD4 in most tissues.
    Title: The mitochondrial oxidoreductase CHCHD4 is present in a semi-oxidized state in vivo.
  8. role in regulating the mitochondrial fission machinery
    Title: Hepatic stimulator substance resists hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating Drp1 translocation and activation.
  9. The exogenous expression of hepatic stimulator substance (HSS was renamed augmenter of liver regeneration ALR) protected the liver from steatosis in mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
    Title: Hepatic stimulator substance inhibits calcium overflow through the mitochondria-associated membrane compartment during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
  10. this study shows that ALR can weaken ConA-induced hepatitis
    Title: Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) restrains concanavalin A-induced hepatitis in mice.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (20)

Variation

Go to the top of the page Help

Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables flavin adenine dinucleotide binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables flavin adenine dinucleotide binding ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables flavin adenine dinucleotide binding ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
enables flavin-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables flavin-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables flavin-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables growth factor activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein-disulfide reductase activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables protein-disulfide reductase activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in cellular response to actinomycin D IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cellular response to toxic substance IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cellular response to tumor necrosis factor IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in liver development IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in liver regeneration IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in liver regeneration ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in signal transduction IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytosol IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in cytosol ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in extracellular space IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in extracellular space ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in mitochondrial intermembrane space IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in mitochondrion HDA PubMed 
is_active_in mitochondrion IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in mitochondrion ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help
Preferred Names
FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR
Names
augmenter of liver regeneration
growth factor, erv1-like (augmenter of liver regeneration)
NP_001365967.1
NP_001365968.1
NP_001396906.1
NP_001396910.1
NP_075527.2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001379038.1 → NP_001365967.1  FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR isoform 2

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC154566, CJ043716
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A3Q4EGL6
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000157249.2, ENSMUST00000234235.2
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam04777
    Location:87 → 177
    Evr1_Alr; Erv1 / Alr family

  2. NM_001379039.1 → NP_001365968.1  FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR isoform 3

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC154566
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl02107
    Location:79 → 144
    Evr1_Alr; Erv1 / Alr family

  3. NM_001409977.1 → NP_001396906.1  FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR 4

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC154566

  4. NM_001409981.1 → NP_001396910.1  FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR 5

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC154566

  5. NM_023040.4 → NP_075527.2  FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_075527.2

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC154566
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS28492.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P56213, Q8CIF8, Q9JJE6
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000049186.9, ENSMUST00000046839.10
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl02107
    Location:79 → 194
    Evr1_Alr; Erv1 / Alr family

RNA

  1. NR_176925.1 RNA Sequence

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC154566

  2. NR_176926.1 RNA Sequence

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC154566

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

  1. NC_000083.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Range
    24912164..24915065 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NM_212443.1: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_212443.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) candidate.
Nucleotide Protein Strain
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P56213.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P56213

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Chemical Information
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools