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DHRS4 dehydrogenase/reductase 4 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 10901, updated on 11-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
DHRS4provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
dehydrogenase/reductase 4provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:16985
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000157326 MIM:611596; AllianceGenome:HGNC:16985
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
CR; NRDR; PHCR; PSCD; SDR-SRL; SDR25C1; SDR25C2; SCAD-SRL
Summary
Enables identical protein binding activity; oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, quinone or similar compound as acceptor; and oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor. Involved in several processes, including cellular ketone metabolic process; positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process; and steroid metabolic process. Located in nucleus and peroxisomal membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression
Broad expression in kidney (RPKM 98.6), small intestine (RPKM 30.5) and 22 other tissues See more
Orthologs
all
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Genomic context

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Location:
14q11.2
Exon count:
9
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 14 NC_000014.9 (23953770..23969279)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 14 NC_060938.1 (18154102..18169615)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 14 NC_000014.8 (24422979..24438488)

Chromosome 14 - NC_000014.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene dehydrogenase/reductase 4 like 2 pseudogene Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 596 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:24366856-24367386 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105370411 Neighboring gene DHRS4 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8179 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8180 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8181 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124903290 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 5614 Neighboring gene dehydrogenase/reductase 4 like 2 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8182 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 5615 Neighboring gene dehydrogenase/reductase 4 like 1 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 5616 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8183

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Human NRDRB1, an alternatively spliced isoform of NADP(H)-dependent retinol dehydrogenase/reductase enhanced enzymatic activity of benzil. Yan Y, et al. Cell Physiol Biochem, 2012. PMID 23128527
  2. Identification of a novel isoform of DHRS4 protein with a nuclear localization signal. Su Z, et al. Gene, 2012 Feb 25. PMID 22227495
  3. Alternative transcription initiation and splicing variants of the DHRS4 gene cluster. Zhang Q, et al. Biosci Rep, 2009 Feb. PMID 18754758
  4. Characterization of human DHRS4: an inducible short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase enzyme with 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Matsunaga T, et al. Arch Biochem Biophys, 2008 Sep 15. PMID 18571493
  5. CDNA cloning of a short isoform of human liver NADP (H) -dependent retinol dehydrogenase/reductase and analysis of its characteristics. Du J, et al. Yi Chuan Xue Bao, 2004 Jul. PMID 15473316

See all (51) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. LncRNA DHRS4-AS1 ameliorates hepatocellular carcinoma by suppressing proliferation and promoting apoptosis via miR-522-3p/SOCS5 axis.
    Title: LncRNA DHRS4-AS1 ameliorates hepatocellular carcinoma by suppressing proliferation and promoting apoptosis via miR-522-3p/SOCS5 axis.
  2. An analysis of the relationship between the promoter characteristics and RNA expression of the DHRS4 gene cluster indicated that the development of CpG islands, in addition to the promoter sequence, during mammalian evolution could modulate the dose compensatory regulation of the copy number-varied DHRS4 gene cluster
    Title: CpG island evolution in the mammalian DHRS4 gene cluster and its role in the regulation of gene transcription.
  3. AS1eRNA-driven DNA looping and activating histone modifications promote the expression of DHRS4-AS1 to economically control the DHRS4 gene cluster.
    Title: Enhancer RNA-driven looping enhances the transcription of the long noncoding RNA DHRS4-AS1, a controller of the DHRS4 gene cluster.
  4. NRDRB1, an alternatively spliced isoform of NRDR in vivo functions better than NRDR as a dicarbonyl reductase for xenobiotics containing reactive carbonyls.
    Title: Human NRDRB1, an alternatively spliced isoform of NADP(H)-dependent retinol dehydrogenase/reductase enhanced enzymatic activity of benzil.
  5. Results suggest a novel mechanism of cold inactivation and role of the inducible human DHRS4 in 3beta-hydroxysteroid synthesis and xenobiotic carbonyl metabolism
    Title: Characterization of human DHRS4: an inducible short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase enzyme with 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity.
  6. DHRS2 and DHRS4 genes are syntenic outparalogues originating from a duplication of the DHRS4 gene that took place before the formation of the mammalian clade
    Title: Molecular and functional evolution of human DHRS2 and DHRS4 duplicated genes.
  7. This study demonstrates that AS1DHRS4, as a long noncoding RNA, simultaneously controls the chromatin state of each gene within the DHRS4 gene cluster in a discriminative manner.
    Title: AS1DHRS4, a head-to-head natural antisense transcript, silences the DHRS4 gene cluster in cis and trans.
  8. A rapid evolution rate brought the human DHRS2 gene, duplicated form of the DHRS4 one, to code a SDR enzyme having subcellular localization, synthesis regulation and specialized cellular functions very different from those of the human DHRS4 enzyme.
    Title: Molecular and functional evolution of human DHRS2 and DHRS4 duplicated genes.
  9. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
    Title: Genetic variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes influence AIDS progression.
  10. Analysis of exon composition in the transcripts of DHRS4 gene cluster revealed that exon 1 was absent in all the transcripts initiated from exon a1 of DHRS4L2 and exon a2 of DHRS4L1.
    Title: Bioinformatic analysis of the human DHRS4 gene cluster and a proposed mechanism for its transcriptional regulation.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (12)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • FLJ11008, FLJ54180

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables 3-keto sterol reductase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables 3beta-hydroxy-5beta-steroid dehydrogenase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
enables carbonyl reductase (NADPH) activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables carbonyl reductase (NADPH) activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables identical protein binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables identical protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, quinone or similar compound as acceptor IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables retinal dehydrogenase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in alcohol metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cellular ketone metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in retinal metabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in retinol metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in steroid metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in mitochondrion ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
located_in nucleus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in peroxisomal matrix TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in peroxisomal membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in peroxisome IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in peroxisome IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4
Names
NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase
NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase/NADP-retinol dehydrogenase
NADPH-dependent retinol dehydrogenase/reductase
dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 4 like 2A
peroxisomal short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase
short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 25C member 2
short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 25C, member 1
short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family member 4
NP_001269916.1
NP_001269917.1
NP_001269918.1
NP_001269919.1
NP_001269920.1
NP_001397933.1
NP_066284.2
XP_011534668.1
XP_047302362.1
XP_047302366.1
XP_054188304.1
XP_054188305.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001282987.2 → NP_001269916.1  dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4 isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001269916.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks two alternate exons in the 3' coding region, which results in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is shorter and has a distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AA293161, AY616182, CA438339
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS61408.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9BTZ2
    Related
    ENSP00000453367.1, ENST00000558263.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21454
    Location:23 → 136
    NADB_Rossmann; Rossmann-fold NAD(P)(+)-binding proteins

  2. NM_001282988.2 → NP_001269917.1  dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4 isoform 3

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001269917.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an alternate coding exon, but maintains the reading frame, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3) is shorter than isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AA293161, CA438339, DQ325464
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS61410.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    D5KJA1
    Related
    ENSP00000452645.1, ENST00000558581.5
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    PRK07231
    Location:30 → 239
    fabG; 3-ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase; Provisional
    cl21454
    Location:23 → 244
    NADB_Rossmann; Rossmann-fold NAD(P)(+)-binding proteins

  3. NM_001282989.2 → NP_001269918.1  dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4 isoform 4

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks three alternate exons in the 3' coding region, but maintains the reading frame, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (4) is shorter than isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AA293161, AY071856, BP366505, CA438339
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS61409.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E9PFL3
    Related
    ENSP00000380265.3, ENST00000397075.7
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    PRK07231
    Location:30 → 187
    fabG; 3-ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase; Provisional
    cl21454
    Location:23 → 192
    NADB_Rossmann; Rossmann-fold NAD(P)(+)-binding proteins

  4. NM_001282990.2 → NP_001269919.1  dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4 isoform 5

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (5) lacks two alternate coding exons, but maintains the reading frame, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (5) is shorter than isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AA293161, BP366505, CA438339, DQ338571
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS61411.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9BTZ2
    Related
    ENSP00000453983.1, ENST00000559632.5
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    PRK07231
    Location:30 → 194
    fabG; 3-ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase; Provisional
    cl21454
    Location:23 → 199
    NADB_Rossmann; Rossmann-fold NAD(P)(+)-binding proteins

  5. NM_001282991.2 → NP_001269920.1  dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4 isoform 6

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (6) lacks four alternate coding exons, but maintains the reading frame, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (6) is shorter than isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AA293161, CA438339, CD674505
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS61412.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E9PFL3
    Related
    ENSP00000380264.3, ENST00000397074.7
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    PRK07231
    Location:30 → 153
    fabG; 3-ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase; Provisional
    cl21454
    Location:23 → 158
    NADB_Rossmann; Rossmann-fold NAD(P)(+)-binding proteins

  6. NM_001411004.1 → NP_001397933.1  dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4 isoform 7

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL136419
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS91852.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F5GWZ1
    Related
    ENSP00000440508.2, ENST00000543741.6

  7. NM_021004.4 → NP_066284.2  dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_066284.2

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    BC003019, BQ030242, BU529016, CA438339
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS9605.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RB10, B7WNS9, D3YTB8, E2QRL8, O95162, Q20CR0, Q2LC19, Q2LE81, Q58IU4, Q6E0Y1, Q6UWU3, Q71UQ6, Q8TD03, Q9BTZ2, Q9H3N5, Q9NV08
    Related
    ENSP00000326219.5, ENST00000313250.10
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd08936
    Location:23 → 278
    CR_SDR_c; Porcine peroxisomal carbonyl reductase like, classical (c) SDR
    PRK07231
    Location:30 → 273
    fabG; 3-ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase; Provisional

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000014.9 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    23953770..23969279
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_011536366.3 → XP_011534668.1  dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011534668.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B7Z6Z5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21454
    Location:23 → 138
    NADB_Rossmann; Rossmann-fold NAD(P)(+)-binding proteins

Reference GRCh38.p14 PATCHES

Genomic

  1. NW_018654722.1 Reference GRCh38.p14 PATCHES

    Range
    254749..270260
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054332329.1 → XP_054188304.1  dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4 isoform X2

  2. XM_054332330.1 → XP_054188305.1  dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4 isoform X1

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060938.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    18154102..18169615
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047446406.1 → XP_047302362.1  dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4 isoform X3

  2. XM_047446410.1 → XP_047302366.1  dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4 isoform X1

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9BTZ2.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9BTZ2

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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