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TXNIP thioredoxin interacting protein [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 10628, updated on 7-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
TXNIPprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
thioredoxin interacting proteinprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:16952
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000265972 MIM:606599; AllianceGenome:HGNC:16952
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
THIF; VDUP1; ARRDC6; HHCPA78; EST01027
Summary
This gene encodes a thioredoxin-binding protein that is a member of the alpha arrestin protein family. Thioredoxin is a thiol-oxidoreductase that is a major regulator of cellular redox signaling which protects cells from oxidative stress. This protein inhibits the antioxidative function of thioredoxin resulting in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and cellular stress. This protein also functions as a regulator of cellular metabolism and of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This protein may also function as a tumor suppressor. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in fat (RPKM 1044.5), spleen (RPKM 514.7) and 23 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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Location:
1q21.1
Exon count:
8
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 1 NC_000001.11 (145992435..145996579, complement)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 1 NC_060925.1 (145109270..145113414, complement)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 1 NC_000001.10 (145438490..145442635)

Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene conserved acetylation island sequence C12 enhancer Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:145473321-145474156 Neighboring gene ankyrin repeat domain 34A Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 4010 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1621 Neighboring gene RNA polymerase III subunit GL Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:145458517-145459016 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1622 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr1:145455010-145456209 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1626 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1627 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1628 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr1:145432616-145432823 Neighboring gene hemojuvelin BMP co-receptor Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 1271 Neighboring gene tRNA-Glu (anticodon CTC) 1-1

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. The Role of Txnip in Mediating Low-Magnesium-Driven Endothelial Dysfunction. Locatelli L, et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2023 May 6. PMID 37176057, Free PMC Article
  2. High TXNIP expression accelerates the migration and invasion of the GDM placenta trophoblast. Sa R, et al. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2023 Apr 10. PMID 37038114, Free PMC Article
  3. TXNIP DNA methylation is associated with glycemic control over 28 years in type 1 diabetes: findings from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) study. Miller RG, et al. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care, 2023 Jan. PMID 36604111, Free PMC Article
  4. Thioredoxin-interacting protein is essential for memory T cell formation via the regulation of the redox metabolism. Kokubo K, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2023 Jan 10. PMID 36595680, Free PMC Article
  5. TXNIP Promotes Human NK Cell Development but Is Dispensable for NK Cell Functionality. Persyn E, et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2022 Sep 26. PMID 36232644, Free PMC Article

See all (274) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Knockdown of TXNIP alleviates gestational diabetes mellitus by activating autophagy to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis in high glucose-treated trophoblasts.
    Title: Knockdown of TXNIP alleviates gestational diabetes mellitus by activating autophagy to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis in high glucose-treated trophoblasts.
  2. Amino acid deprivation induces TXNIP expression by NRF2 downregulation.
    Title: Amino acid deprivation induces TXNIP expression by NRF2 downregulation.
  3. Linc00657 promoted pyroptosis in THP-1-derived macrophages and exacerbated atherosclerosis via the miR-106b-5p/TXNIP/NLRP3 axis.
    Title: Linc00657 promoted pyroptosis in THP-1-derived macrophages and exacerbated atherosclerosis via the miR-106b-5p/TXNIP/NLRP3 axis.
  4. KLF4 interacts with TXNIP to modulate the pyroptosis in ulcerative colitis via regulating NLRP3 signaling.
    Title: KLF4 interacts with TXNIP to modulate the pyroptosis in ulcerative colitis via regulating NLRP3 signaling.
  5. METTL14 drives growth and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer by regulating pri-miR-93-5p maturation and TXNIP expression.
    Title: METTL14 drives growth and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer by regulating pri-miR-93-5p maturation and TXNIP expression.
  6. Advanced glycation end products induce nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis by upregulating TXNIP via inhibiting glycolysis pathway in intervertebral disc degeneration.
    Title: Advanced glycation end products induce nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis by upregulating TXNIP via inhibiting glycolysis pathway in intervertebral disc degeneration.
  7. TXNIP in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells ameliorates alcohol-associated liver disease via nitric oxide production.
    Title: TXNIP in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells ameliorates alcohol-associated liver disease via nitric oxide production.
  8. The role of TXNIP in cancer: a fine balance between redox, metabolic, and immunological tumor control.
    Title: The role of TXNIP in cancer: a fine balance between redox, metabolic, and immunological tumor control.
  9. USP5 promotes lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis and inflammatory response by stabilizing the TXNIP protein.
    Title: USP5 promotes lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis and inflammatory response by stabilizing the TXNIP protein.
  10. TXNIP contributes to induction of pro-inflammatory phenotype and caspase-3 activation in astrocytes during Alzheimer's diseases.
    Title: TXNIP contributes to induction of pro-inflammatory phenotype and caspase-3 activation in astrocytes during Alzheimer's diseases.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (247)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Vpr vpr HIV-1 Vpr upregulates the gene expression of TXNIP in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables enzyme inhibitor activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in cell cycle IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cellular response to oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to tumor cell IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in inflammatory response TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in keratinocyte differentiation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of cell division IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in protein import into nucleus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in protein transport IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in regulation of cell population proliferation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to calcium ion IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to estradiol IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to glucose IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to hydrogen peroxide IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to mechanical stimulus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to progesterone IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
thioredoxin-interacting protein
Names
thioredoxin binding protein 2
upregulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3
vitamin D3 up-regulated protein 1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001313972.2 → NP_001300901.1  thioredoxin-interacting protein isoform 2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate 5' most exon which results in the use of an alternate start codon compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) has a distinct N-terminus compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC243547, AK304670, BQ030003
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS81368.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B1ALI9
    Related
    ENSP00000396322.2, ENST00000425134.2
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    pfam02752
    Location:119 → 243
    Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    cl22903
    Location:27 → 97
    Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

  2. NM_006472.6 → NP_006463.3  thioredoxin-interacting protein isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_006463.3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC243547, BC093704, BQ030003
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS72876.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B4E3D3, Q16226, Q6PML0, Q9BXG9, Q9H3M7
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DVM7
    Related
    ENSP00000462521.1, ENST00000582401.6
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart01017
    Location:175 → 298
    Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    cl22903
    Location:10 → 152
    Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000001.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    145992435..145996579 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060925.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    145109270..145113414 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9H3M7.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9H3M7

Gene LinkOut

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