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Dynamin_like protein family includes dynamins and Mx proteins The dynamin family of large mechanochemical GTPases includes the classical dynamins and dynamin-like proteins (DLPs) that are found throughout the Eukarya. These proteins catalyze membrane fission during clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Dynamin consists of five domains; an N-terminal G domain that binds and hydrolyzes GTP, a middle domain (MD) involved in self-assembly and oligomerization, a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain responsible for interactions with the plasma membrane, GED, which is also involved in self-assembly, and a proline arginine rich domain (PRD) that interacts with SH3 domains on accessory proteins. To date, three vertebrate dynamin genes have been identified; dynamin 1, which is brain specific, mediates uptake of synaptic vesicles in presynaptic terminals; dynamin-2 is expressed ubiquitously and similarly participates in membrane fission; mutations in the MD, PH and GED domains of dynamin 2 have been linked to human diseases such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth peripheral neuropathy and rare forms of centronuclear myopathy. Dynamin 3 participates in megakaryocyte progenitor amplification, and is also involved in cytoplasmic enlargement and the formation of the demarcation membrane system. This family also includes interferon-induced Mx proteins that inhibit a wide range of viruses by blocking an early stage of the replication cycle. Dynamin oligomerizes into helical structures around the neck of budding vesicles in a GTP hydrolysis-dependent manner. |
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