1MR8,2CXJ,1BT6,1CFP,1CNP,1E8A,1IRJ,1J55,1K2H,1K8U,1K96,1KSO,1M31,1MHO,1MQ1,1NSH,1NSH,1OZO,1PSB,1PSR,1QLS,1XK4,1YUT,1ZFS


Conserved Protein Domain Family
S-100

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cd00213: S-100 
Click on image for an interactive view with Cn3D
S-100: S-100 domain, which represents the largest family within the superfamily of proteins carrying the Ca-binding EF-hand motif. Note that this S-100 hierarchy contains only S-100 EF-hand domains, other EF-hands have been modeled separately. S100 proteins are expressed exclusively in vertebrates, and are implicated in intracellular and extracellular regulatory activities. Intracellularly, S100 proteins act as Ca-signaling or Ca-buffering proteins. The most unusual characteristic of certain S100 proteins is their occurrence in extracellular space, where they act in a cytokine-like manner through RAGE, the receptor for advanced glycation products. Structural data suggest that many S100 members exist within cells as homo- or heterodimers and even oligomers; oligomerization contributes to their functional diversification. Upon binding calcium, most S100 proteins change conformation to a more open structure exposing a hydrophobic cleft. This hydrophobic surface represents the interaction site of S100 proteins with their target proteins. There is experimental evidence showing that many S100 proteins have multiple binding partners with diverse mode of interaction with different targets. In addition to S100 proteins (such as S100A1,-3,-4,-6,-7,-10,-11,and -13), this group includes the ''fused'' gene family, a group of calcium binding S100-related proteins. The ''fused'' gene family includes multifunctional epidermal differentiation proteins - profilaggrin, trichohyalin, repetin, hornerin, and cornulin; functionally these proteins are associated with keratin intermediate filaments and partially crosslinked to the cell envelope. These ''fused'' gene proteins contain N-terminal sequence with two Ca-binding EF-hands motif, which may be associated with calcium signaling in epidermal cells and autoprocessing in a calcium-dependent manner. In contrast to S100 proteins, "fused" gene family proteins contain an extraordinary high number of almost perfect peptide repeats with regular array of polar and charged residues similar to many known cell envelope proteins.
Statistics
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PSSM-Id: 238131
Aligned: 134 rows
Threshold Bit Score: 64.0482
Created: 1-Nov-2000
Updated: 2-Oct-2020
Structure
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Program:
Drawing:
Aligned Rows:
 
Ca2+ bindingdimerization
Conserved site includes 11 residues -Click on image for an interactive view with Cn3D
Feature 1:Ca2+ binding site [ion binding site]
Evidence:
  • Comment:the N-terminal EF hand is a S100 specific feature while the C-terminal canonical EF hand is similar to the EF hands in calmodulin, troponin C, and parvalbumin
  • Comment:the second binding site (C-terminal EF hand) has a greater affinity for Ca2+ than the first (N-terminal EF hand)
  • Structure:1QLS_A, pig S100c monomer bound with calcium ions, contacts at 3.5 A
  • Structure:1MR8_A, human MRP8 monomer bound with calcium ions, contacts at 3.5A
  • Structure:1YUT_A, human S100a13 bound with calcium ions, contacts at 3.5 A
  • Structure:1ZFS_A, rat S100a1 bound with calcium ions, contacts at 3.5 A
  • Citation:PMID 3722173

Sequence Alignment
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Format: Row Display: Color Bits: Type Selection:
Feature 1                         #    #  #    ##                            # # # # #  #        
1MR8_A         3 TELEKALNSIIDVYHKYSlikgNFHAVYRDDLKKLLETECPqyir----kkgADVWFKELDINTDGAVNFQEFLILVIKM 78  human
1QLS_A         6 TETERCIESLIAIFQKHAgrdgNNTKISKTEFLIFMNTELAaftqnqkdpgvLDRMMKKLDLDSDGQLDFQEFLNLIGGL 85  pig
NP_808292     54 SDLEKAIATIALVFRNASd---PDGKLGKATAKKLLQTQFKkftereetkpkYQDILSELDEHTENKLDFEDFVILLLSL 130 house mouse
CAF95168       6 SELELAIHTLVSEFHKAAe---GGASMNTTQFQTMMSKQLPvvaktqdneegLGRLLQQMGVQNGQNVSFENFWVLINKQ 82  Tetraodon nigro...
XP_684054      6 TDLELAINTLVTNFYSASp--nNADSLTAQEFQSMLSKELPtmvktagdqegLSKILKDLNVEEGQGITFKDFWQLVESL 83  zebrafish
XP_541819     24 SDLEKAIATIALIFRNSSd---PDGKLGKATAKNLLQTQFRnftegqetkpkYKDLLSELDEHTEDKLDFEDFMILLLSI 100 dog
CAK11183       6 SDLEKAINTLVTNFHAASk--dNQPTLKADEFKNLLSSQLPtlik----seqVGEVMKQMGVKDGEGISFKNFWGLIQNL 79  zebrafish
XP_573715     50 SDLEKAMATIALVFRNASd---PDGKLGKATAKNLLQTQFRnftereetkpkSRDLLSELDEHTEKKLDFEDFVILLLSL 126 Norway rat
NP_001071606  54 SDLEKAIATAALVFRNSSd---PDGKLRKATAKNLLQTQFKnfaegqetkarYKDLLSELDEHTENKLDFEDFMVLLLSV 130 cattle
AAI28876      25 STMESAIKTVVGVFLKSSk---GKENLGGKEFQSLVKSQLKniltgsedneaVKNMREQLDNNQDGKVSFQEYMSLVGYL 101 zebrafish
Feature 1                
1MR8_A        79 GVAAHKKS 86  human
1QLS_A        86 AIACHDSF 93  pig
NP_808292    131 AIMSDLLR 138 house mouse
CAF95168      83 AVQVFGST 90  Tetraodon nigroviridis
XP_684054     84 ANNQFGLQ 91  zebrafish
XP_541819    101 TVISDLLQ 108 dog
CAK11183      80 ATTQHGLL 87  zebrafish
XP_573715    127 AIMSDLLQ 134 Norway rat
NP_001071606 131 TIMSDLLQ 138 cattle
AAI28876     102 AQAVSEQR 109 zebrafish

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