Abbreviations and acronyms
- 6-MAM
6-monoacetylmorphine
- AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- ART
antiretroviral therapy
- cAMP
cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- CBT
cognitive behavioural therapy
- CD4
cluster of differentiation 4 (T cell marker)
- CI
confidence interval
- CM
contingency management
- CND
Commission on Narcotic Drugs
- COWS
Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale
- CPS
controlled prospective study
- ECOSOC
United National Economic and Social Council
- GABA
gamma-aminobutyric acid
- GCMS
gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry
- GDP
gross domestic product
- HCV
hepatitis C virus
- HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
- ICD-10
International classification of Diseases, 10th edition
- INCB
International Narcotics Control Board
- ITT
intention to treat
- IV
intravenous
- LAAM
levo-alpha-acetylmethadol
- NAS
neonatal abstinence syndrome
- NSAIDs
non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs
- OOWS
Objective Opiate Withdrawal Scale
- RCT
randomized controlled trial
- RR
relative risk
- SMD
standardized mean difference
- SOWS
Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale
- TB
Tuberculosis
- UNAIDS
The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
- UNODC
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
- UROD
ultra-rapid opioid detoxification
- WHO
World Health Organization
- UN
United Nations
