This guidance will be updated in future in accordance with WHO policy. In addition and as a companion to this document, guidance on surveillance and case definitions for population-level surveillance is currently being prepared. Likewise, the forthcoming WHO consolidated HIV treatment guidelines will include specific recommendations on HIV management in patients co-infected with HBV and/or HCV. Finally, the WHO Global Hepatitis Programme is developing guidelines for the treatment of HCV.

Multisectoral engagement is needed to increase the uptake by PWID of viral hepatitis prevention and treatment initiatives. There is a high prevalence of disease co-morbidity among PWID. The need for coordination between HBV and HCV intervention programmes and HIV, TB, mental health and drug dependence treatment services as well as harm reduction services for PWID cannot be overemphasized (142).