The World Health Organization (WHO) Injection Safety and Related Infection Control programme and the Safe Injection Global Network (SIGN) Secretariat in the WHO Department of Essential Health Technologies (EHT) wish to express their thanks to the people listed below for their contribution to the development of these phlebotomy guidelines. The authors and reviewers are experts in the field of injection safety and related infection control. Particular thanks go to Shaheen Mehtar of Stellenbosch University, South Africa, who prepared background documents for the consultation, and wrote the initial and final drafts.
Development of this publication was supported by Cooperative Agreement CDC-RFA-CI09-903 from:
the Department of Health and Human Services/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States of America (USA);
the National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Global AIDS Program (GAP).
Technical authors and main reviewers
Internal authors and reviewers (WHO)
Dr Neelam Dhingra
Coordinator
Blood Transfusion Safety (BTS)
WHO Headquarters (WHO/HQ), Health Systems and Services, Department of Essential Health
Technologies (HSS/EHT)
Dr Micheline Diepart
Antiretroviral Treatment and HIV Care
WHO/HQ, Department of HIV/AIDS (WHO/HQ/HTM/HIV)
Dr Gerald Dziekan
Program Manager
WHO Patient Safety Program (PSP)
WHO/HQ, Department of Information, Evidence and Research (IER)
Dr Selma Khamassi, MD, MSc
Injection Safety and Related Infection Control
SIGN Secretariat
WHO/HQ/HSS/EHT/Diagnostic Imaging and Medical Devices (DIM)
Dr Fernando Otaiza, MD, MSc, Infection Prevention and Control in Health Care
Biorisk Reduction for Dangerous Pathogens
WHO Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response
Mrs Susan Wilburn
WHO, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health (OEH)
External authors and reviewers
Dr Rana Al-Abdulrazzak
Head of Donation Department & Hospital Liaison Department
Kuwait Central Blood Bank
Kuwait
Ms Patricia K Bertsche
Manager, Global Occupational Health Services
Abbott Laboratories
USA
Dr Nizam Damani
International Federation of Infection Control
Northern Ireland
Dr Che-Kit Lin
Hospital Chief Executive
Hong Kong Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service
Hong Kong
Dr Lawrence Marum
Team Leader Medical Transmission
Global AIDS Program, HIV Prevention Branch
CDC, Atlanta, USA
Professor Shaheen Mehtar
Head of Academic Unit for Infection Prevention and Control
Tygerberg Hospital and Stellenbosch University, Cape Town
South Africa
Dr Joseph Perz
Acting Team Leader, Research and Field Investigations
Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (DHQP)
CDC, Atlanta, USA
Dr Ruby Pietersz
Manager of Department of Research and Education
Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX
Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Dr Christie Reed
HIV Prevention Branch
Global AIDS Program
CDC, Atlanta, USA
Dr Dejana Selenic
HIV Prevention Branch
Global AIDS Program
CDC, Atlanta, USA
Dr Steven Wiersma
Division of Viral Hepatitis
CDC, Atlanta, USA
Experts who contributed to the development of the recommendation on skin disinfection before blood collection for transfusion purposes
Dr Michael Bell
Associate Director for Infection Control, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, NCPDCID
CDC, Atlanta, USA
Dr Barry Cookson
Director, Laboratory of HealthCare Associated Infection,
Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom (UK)
Dr Peter Hoffman
Consultant Clinical Scientist, Central Public Health Laboratory
Laboratory of HealthCare Associated Infection,
Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, UK
Dr Carl McDonald
Head of Bacteriology, National Bacteriology Laboratory
National Health Service Blood and Transplant, London, UK
Dr Ziad Memish
Director, Gulf Cooperation Council States Center for Infection Control
Head, Adult Infectious Diseases Section
Dept of Medicine and Infection Prevention and Control Program
National Guard Health Affairs
King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Saudi Arabia
Adjunct Professor Department of Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Ottawa, Canada
Dr Shirley Paton MN, RN
Senior Advisor, Health Care Associated Infections
Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control
Public Health Agency of Canada
Peer review
Dr Michael Borg
Chair, International Federation of Infection Control
Infection Control Unit
Mater Dei Hospital
Msida MSD2090
Malta
Dr Mary Catlin BSN, BA, MPH
4210 Midvale Ave N.
Seattle, WA 98103
Editorial work
Dr Hilary Cadman
Editor in the Life Sciences (Board of Editors in the Life Sciences, USA), Biotext, Canberra, Australia
The EHT Department of WHO developed this document and Dr Selma Khamassi coordinated the work.
Declaration of interests
Conflict of interest statements were collected from all contributors to the guideline development, the consultant contracted to undertake background reviews and the peer reviewers of the final document. No conflict of interest was declared by any of those listed above.
