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Kansagara D, Chiovaro JC, Kagen D, et al. Transitions of Care from Hospital to Home: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Recommendations for Improving Transitional Care in the Veterans Health Administration [Internet]. Washington (DC): Department of Veterans Affairs (US); 2015 Jan.

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Transitions of Care from Hospital to Home: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Recommendations for Improving Transitional Care in the Veterans Health Administration [Internet].

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APPENDIX DINCLUSION/EXCLUSION CRITERIA

Key QuestionsKQ1. What are the overlapping elements identified in existing systematic reviews that promote successful hospital-to-home transitions?
We propose a review of systematic reviews to identify the common themes that have emerged from reviews that have focused on specific patient populations (eg, MI, pneumonia, COPD, and CHF).
We will then identify randomized controlled trials that include diverse patient populations and test the effects of transitional care interventions on readmission rates (KQ2).
KQ2. How do intervention, population, and health care setting characteristics modify the effectiveness of transitional care interventions in lowering readmissions and/or reducing mortality?
  1. What are the key intervention subcomponents that are common to successful interventions?
  2. How do implementation characteristics such as the facilitator, intensity, and method of contact modify intervention effects?
  3. Are there different characteristics of successful interventions in integrated and non-integrated health systems?
  4. How do the characteristics of successful interventions vary among different patient populations?
PopulationInclude: Adults discharged from the hospital
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any disease specific medical population (cardiovascular, respiratory illness, etc), or general medical population

-

any surgical population (inclusion in KQ2 contingent on yield)

Exclude: pediatric; O/B
InterventionWe will define interventions as those that include “a set of actions designed to ensure the coordination and continuity of health care as patients transfer between different locations or different levels of care” (Coleman 2004) and/or help prepare patients/caregivers to self-manage their care after discharge from a hospital.

Interventions can take place before or after discharge, or include components that span settings (aka bridging interventions).

Key processes of interventions may include patient education, motivational interviewing, medication reconciliation, risk-based dosing, monitoring/remote data collection, personal health record, single point of contact, outpatient/provider follow-up, advanced care planning, and care coordination.

Characteristics of the intervention, such as facilitator, recipient, intensity (frequency and duration), method of contact, and other aspects, may vary, and will be abstracted and analyzed as covariates.
ComparatorUsual care, or other included intervention (ie, head-to-head trial)
Outcomes of interestPrimary outcomes of interest: readmission rate, mortality Secondary outcomes:
  • Quality of life
  • Functional status
  • ER utilization
  • Long-term care placement
Readmission rate
Mortality
TimingAny timeframe
Included study designsSystematic reviews, meta-analyses, meta-regression studiesControlled clinical trials
Excluded study designsObservational studies, case series, case reports
Setting
  • Any setting within US; integrated and non-integrated
  • We will include studies in other countries that have health systems, or parts of their health system, that resemble the VA
There are essentially three schemes for universal health care:
  1. The UK National Health Service Model is publically financed through taxation and is characterized by state ownership of most hospitals and clinics. Many physicians are employed by the state.
  2. The Bismarck Model uses highly regulated non-profit health insurance funds that are financed through joint employer/employee contributions. Most hospitals are privately owned and most physicians are privately employed.
  3. The National Health Insurance Model is a hybrid of the first two. A publically financed, governmentally run single payer purchases care from private providers.
System TypeEuropeanAsian
UK NHS ModelUK, Spain, Italy, Norway, Finland, Sweden,Hong Kong, New Zealand,
Bismarck ModelGermany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, SwitzerlandJapan
National Health Insurance ModelCanadaTaiwan, South Korea, Australia
  • Discharged from hospital to home
  • Discharged from hospital to skilled nursing facilities
Exclude: studies of patients transitioning from outpatient setting or from skilled care facility

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