Regressions used to estimate diabetes diagnoses, step count and HbA1c in the School for Public Health Research model version 3.2

Kamlesh Khunti; Simon Griffin; Alan Brennan; Helen Dallosso; Melanie Davies; Helen Eborall; Charlotte Edwardson; Laura Gray; Wendy Hardeman; Laura Heathcote; Joseph Henson; Katie Morton; Daniel Pollard; Stephen Sharp; Stephen Sutton; Jacqui Troughton; Thomas Yates

NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

Khunti K, Griffin S, Brennan A, et al. Behavioural interventions to promote physical activity in a multiethnic population at high risk of diabetes: PROPELS three-arm RCT. Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library; 2021 Dec. (Health Technology Assessment, No. 25.77.)

Behavioural interventions to promote physical activity in a multiethnic population at high risk of diabetes: PROPELS three-arm RCT.

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Appendix 12Regressions used to estimate diabetes diagnoses, step count and HbA_1c in the School for Public Health Research model version 3.2

Regressions used to estimate diabetes diagnoses at 1 year

TABLE 51

Odds ratios: diabetes diagnoses at 1 year

	Mean	97.5% CI
Walking Away (Walking Away = 1, 0 otherwise)	1.55	0.52 to 4.63
Walking Away Plus (Walking Away Plus = 1, 0 otherwise)	0.72	0.19 to 2.68
Cambridge (1 = at the Cambridge site, 0 = otherwise)	4.11	1.32 to 12.77
Female (1 = female, 0 otherwise)	0.54	0.2 to 1.44
HbA_1c (% scale) at baseline	5.15	0.44 to 60.15
HbA_1c (% scale) at 1 year	1.52	0.24 to 9.58
Number of objectively measured steps per day/2000 at baseline	1.00	0.6 to 1.67
Number of objectively measured steps per day/2000 at 1 year	0.80	0.49 to 1.32

TABLE 52

Regression coefficients: diabetes diagnoses at 1 year

	Mean	SE	97.5% CI
Intercept	–15.92	5.16	–27.49 to –4.36
Walking Away (Walking Away = 1, 0 otherwise)	0.44	0.49	–0.65 to 1.53
Walking Away Plus (Walking Away Plus = 1, 0 otherwise)	–0.33	0.59	–1.64 to 0.99
Cambridge (1 = at the Cambridge site, 0 = otherwise)	1.41	0.51	0.28 to 2.55
Female (1 = female, 0 otherwise)	–0.61	0.44	–1.6 to 0.37
HbA_1c (% scale) at baseline	1.64	1.10	–0.82 to 4.1
HbA_1c (% scale) at 1 year	0.42	0.82	–1.42 to 2.26
Number of objectively measured steps per day/2000 at baseline	0.00	0.23	–0.5 to 0.51
Number of objectively measured steps per day/2000 at 1 year	–0.22	0.22	–0.71 to 0.28

TABLE 53

Covariance matrix: diabetes diagnoses at 1 year

	Intercept	Walking Away^a	Walking Away Plus^b	Cambridge^c	Female^d	HbA_1c (%) at baseline	HbA_1c (%) at 12 months	Steps per day/2000 at baseline	Steps per day/2000 at 12 months
Intercept	26.6279	0.0276	–0.0493	0.5344	–0.0596	–3.6608	–0.6545	–0.1835	–0.0141
Walking Away^a	0.0276	0.2370	0.1355	0.0054	0.0101	–0.0459	0.0227	–0.0101	0.0010
Walking Away Plus^b	–0.0493	0.1355	0.3436	–0.0041	0.0010	–0.0166	0.0077	–0.0019	–0.0068
Cambridge^c	0.5344	0.0054	–0.0041	0.2558	–0.0097	–0.1515	0.0390	–0.0114	0.0003
Female^d	–0.0596	0.0101	0.0010	–0.0097	0.1918	–0.0297	0.0248	0.0061	–0.0009
HbA_1c (%) at baseline	–3.6608	–0.0459	–0.0166	–0.1515	–0.0297	1.2024	–0.5813	0.0322	–0.0179
HbA_1c (%) at 12 months	–0.6545	0.0227	0.0077	0.0390	0.0248	–0.5813	0.6734	–0.0090	0.0146
Steps per day/2000 at baseline	–0.1835	–0.0101	–0.0019	–0.0114	0.0061	0.0322	–0.0090	0.0513	–0.0369
Steps per day/2000 at 12 months	–0.0141	0.0010	–0.0068	0.0003	–0.0009	–0.0179	0.0146	–0.0369	0.0493

a: Walking Away = 1, other arms = 0.
b: Walking Away Plus = 1, other arms = 0.
c: Cambridge = 1, Leicester = 0.
d: Female = 1, male = 0.

Regressions used to estimate diabetes diagnoses at 4 years

TABLE 54

Odds ratios: 4-year diabetes diagnoses

	Mean	97.5% CI
Walking Away (Walking Away = 1, 0 otherwise)	1.58	0.74 to 3.39
Walking Away Plus (Walking Away Plus = 1, 0 otherwise)	1.25	0.57 to 2.74
Cambridge (1 = at the Cambridge site, 0 = otherwise)	1.08	0.53 to 2.18
Female (1 = female, 0 otherwise)	0.84	0.44 to 1.58
HbA_1c (% scale) at baseline	4.92	1.26 to 19.3
HbA_1c (% scale) at 4 years	5.94	2.54 to 13.88
Number of objectively measured steps per day/2000 at baseline	0.89	0.66 to 1.21
Number of objectively measured steps per day/2000 at 4 years	0.96	0.71 to 1.3

TABLE 55

Regression coefficients: 4-year diabetes diagnoses

	Mean	SE	97.5% CI
Intercept	–22.59	3.37	–30.15 to –15.04
Walking Away (Walking Away = 1, 0 otherwise)	0.46	0.34	–0.3 to 1.22
Walking Away Plus (Walking Away Plus = 1, 0 otherwise)	0.23	0.35	–0.55 to 1.01
Cambridge (1 = at the Cambridge site, 0 = otherwise)	0.07	0.31	–0.63 to 0.78
Female (1 = female, 0 otherwise)	–0.18	0.28	–0.81 to 0.46
HbA_1c (% scale) at baseline	1.59	0.61	0.23 to 2.96
HbA_1c (% scale) at 1 year	1.78	0.38	0.93 to 2.63
Number of objectively measured steps per day/2000 at baseline	–0.11	0.14	–0.42 to 0.19
Number of objectively measured steps per day/2000 at 1 year	–0.04	0.13	–0.34 to 0.26

TABLE 56

Covariance matrix: 4-year diabetes diagnoses

	Intercept	Walking Away^a	Walking Away Plus^b	Cambridge^c	Female^d	HbA_1c (%) at baseline	HbA_1c (%) at 12 months	Steps per day/2000 at baseline	Steps per day/2000 at 12 months
Intercept	11.3644	–0.0409	0.0222	0.2312	–0.0951	–1.5575	–0.2736	–0.0320	–0.0480
Walking Away^a	–0.0409	0.1153	0.0613	0.0046	–0.0004	–0.0082	0.0057	–0.0004	–0.0020
Walking Away Plus^b	0.0222	0.0613	0.1214	0.0005	0.0009	–0.0075	–0.0043	–0.0010	–0.0028
Cambridge^c	0.2312	0.0046	0.0005	0.0990	–0.0032	–0.0722	0.0294	–0.0003	–0.0050
Female^d	–0.0951	–0.0004	0.0009	–0.0032	0.0804	–0.0082	0.0160	0.0009	0.0021
HbA_1c (%) at baseline	–1.5575	–0.0082	–0.0075	–0.0722	–0.0082	0.3712	–0.1070	0.0104	–0.0064
HbA_1c (%) at 12 months	–0.2736	0.0057	–0.0043	0.0294	0.0160	–0.1070	0.1433	–0.0083	0.0121
Steps per day/2000 at baseline	–0.0320	–0.0004	–0.0043	–0.0003	0.0009	0.0104	–0.0083	0.0185	–0.0128
Steps per day/2000 at 12 months	–0.0480	–0.0020	–0.0028	–0.0050	0.0021	–0.0064	0.0121	–0.0128	0.0181

a: Walking Away = 1, other arms = 0.
b: Walking Away Plus = 1, other arms = 0.
c: Cambridge = 1, Leicester = 0.
d: Female = 1, male = 0.

Regressions used to estimate HbA_1c at 1 year

TABLE 57

Mean effect (logit link function): HbA_1c at 1 year

	Coefficients	SE	97.5% CI
Intercept	–5.808	0.108	–6.05 to –5.566
Walking Away (1 = Walking Away, 0 = otherwise)	–0.018	0.014	–0.048 to 0.013
Walking Away Plus (1 = Walking Away Plus, 0 = otherwise)	–0.009	0.014	–0.04 to 0.021
HbA_1c (%) at baseline	0.854	0.019	0.812 to 0.896
Cambridge (1 = Cambridge, 0 = Leicester)	–0.049	0.015	–0.082 to –0.015
White Irish (1 = white Irish, 0 = otherwise)	–0.062	0.076	–0.232 to 0.109
Any other white background (1 = Any other white background, 0 = otherwise)	0.024	0.032	–0.048 to 0.096
White and black Caribbean (1 = white and black Caribbean, 0 = otherwise)	0.017	0.142	–0.302 to 0.336
White and black African (1 = white and black African, 0 = otherwise)	–0.220	0.211	–0.693 to 0.253
White and Asian (1 = white and Asian, 0 = otherwise)	–0.240	0.248	–0.796 to 0.317
Any other mixed race (1= any other mixed race, 0 = otherwise)	0.015	0.091	–0.188 to 0.219
Indian (1 = Indian, 0 = otherwise)	0.018	0.015	–0.015 to 0.051
Pakistani (1 = Pakistani, 0 = otherwise)	0.006	0.053	–0.112 to 0.125
Bangladeshi (1 = Bangladeshi, 0 = otherwise)	0.420	0.169	0.041 to 0.798
Any other Asian background (1 = any other Asian background, 0 = otherwise)	0.029	0.041	–0.064 to 0.121
Chinese (1 = Chinese, 0 = otherwise)	0.065	0.108	–0.177 to 0.307
Any other (1 = any other, 0 = otherwise)	0.099	0.142	–0.22 to 0.417
Black Caribbean (1 = black Caribbean, 0 = otherwise)	0.022	0.039	–0.066 to 0.11
Black African (1 = black African, 0 = otherwise)	0.016	0.036	–0.065 to 0.097
Any other black background (1 = any other black background, 0 = otherwise)	0.000	0.095	–0.213 to 0.212
Female (1 = female, 0 = otherwise)	–0.017	0.011	–0.043 to 0.008

TABLE 58

Dispersion parameter (natural logarithm link function): HbA_1c at 1 year

	Coefficients	SE	97.5% CI
Intercept	6.902	0.826	5.051 to 8.752
Walking Away (1 = Walking Away, 0 = otherwise)	–0.290	0.105	–0.527 to –0.054
Walking Away Plus (1 = Walking Away Plus, 0 = otherwise)	–0.290	0.105	–0.526 to –0.055
HbA_1c (% scale) at baseline	–0.276	0.143	–0.596 to 0.045
Cambridge (1 = Cambridge site, 0 = otherwise)	–0.541	0.097	–0.758 to –0.324
Female (1 = female, 0 = otherwise)	0.008	0.087	–0.186 to 0.203

TABLE 59

Covariance matrix: HbA_1c at 1 year

	Mean effect																					Dispersion
	Intercept	Walking Away	Walking Away Plus	HbA_1c (%) at baseline	Cambridge	White Irish	Any other white background	White and black Caribbean	White and black African	White and Asian	Any other mixed race	Indian	Pakistani	Bangladeshi	Any other Asian background	Chinese	Any other	Black Caribbean	Black African	Any other black background	Female	Intercept	Walking Away	Walking Away Plus	HbA_1c (%) at baseline	Cambridge	Female
Intercept	0.01168105	1.27 × 10^–6	–1.87145 × 10^–5	–0.00201328	0.00045436	–0.00048038	–9.4 × 10^–5	–0.00037	–5.5 × 10^–5	–0.00039	3.32 × 10^–5	–2.6 × 10^–5	4.4 × 10^–5	0.000441	0.000294	0.000269	0.000468	0.000124	3.53 × 10^–5	–0.00021	–4.4 × 10^–5	–0.0049	3.79 × 10^–6	1.04 × 10^–5	0.000832	–0.00017	2.59 × 10^–5
Walking Away	1.274 × 10^–6	0.000189	7.44238 × 10^–5	–1.3393 × 10^–5	4.56248 × 10^–7	–6.2896 × 10^–5	–1.1 × 10^–5	–4.7 × 10^–5	7.83 × 10^–5	–3 × 10^–6	–3.9 × 10^–6	5.79 × 10^–6	6.22 × 10^–6	–0.00011	–3.2 × 10^–6	2.25 × 10^–5	7.95 × 10^–5	–1.1 × 10^–5	–9 × 10^–6	5.23 × 10^–5	4.55 × 10^–6	–1.6 × 10^–5	–7.3 × 10^–5	–2.9 × 10^–5	7.63 × 10^–6	3.14 × 10^–7	–1.2 × 10^–6
Walking Away Plus	–1.871 × 10^–5	7.44 × 10^–5	0.000186963	–1.0079 × 10^–5	1.33188 × 10^–6	–2.1033 × 10^–5	–4 × 10^–7	–7.2 × 10^–5	7.76 × 10^–5	–0.00011	–1.9 × 10^–5	1.05 × 10^–5	–2.8 × 10^–5	2.72 × 10^–6	–1.1 × 10^–5	2.26 × 10^–5	7.92 × 10^–5	1.34 × 10^–5	6.76 × 10^–6	2.3 × 10^–5	2.05 × 10^–6	–7.5 × 10^–6	–2.9 × 10^–5	–7.2 × 10^–5	6.24 × 10^–6	3.36 × 10^–7	–9.7 × 10^–7
HbA_1c (%) at baseline	–0.0020133	–1.3 × 10^–5	–1.00794 × 10^–5	0.000351439	–9.0674 × 10^–5	8.22148 × 10^–5	8.17 × 10^–6	6.75 × 10^–5	–4.8 × 10^–6	7.89 × 10^–5	–1.7 × 10^–5	–9.9 × 10^–6	–2.1 × 10^–5	–7.8 × 10^–5	–5.9 × 10^–5	–5 × 10^–5	–9 × 10^–5	–3.2 × 10^–5	–1.9 × 10^–5	1.84 × 10^–5	–3.9 × 10^–6	0.000835	4.26 × 10^–6	3.11 × 10^–6	–0.00014	3.23 × 10^–5	–3 × 10^–7
Cambridge	0.00045436	4.56 × 10^–7	1.33188 × 10^–6	–9.0674 × 10^–5	0.000221747	–1.8629 × 10^–5	3.39 × 10^–6	–2.1 × 10^–5	–0.00013	–0.00015	4.17 × 10^–5	6.75 × 10^–5	7.23 × 10^–5	9.07 × 10^–5	5.51 × 10^–5	–0.00012	–0.00011	7.64 × 10^–5	7.24 × 10^–5	6.15 × 10^–5	–1.5 × 10^–6	–0.00021	6.27 × 10^–7	6.23 × 10^–7	3.82 × 10^–5	–7.2 × 10^–5	2.99 × 10^–6
White Irish	–0.0004804	–6.3 × 10^–5	–2.10333 × 10^–5	8.22148 × 10^–5	–1.8629 × 10^–5	0.005781883	5.42 × 10^–5	9.39 × 10^–5	5.67 × 10^–6	7.99 × 10^–5	3.99 × 10^–5	4.15 × 10^–5	3.66 × 10^–5	8.66 × 10^–5	4.35 × 10^–5	2.96 × 10^–5	3.61 × 10^–6	5.23 × 10^–5	4.51 × 10^–5	3.2 × 10^–5	–3.7 × 10^–5	–3.7 × 10^–5	–2.6 × 10^–6	–2.1 × 10^–6	6.68 × 10^–6	1.81 × 10^–6	–4.5 × 10^–6
Any other white background	–9.366 × 10^–5	–1.1 × 10^–5	–4.00544 × 10^–7	8.16684 × 10^–6	3.38596 × 10^–6	5.42122 × 10^–5	0.001033	5.17 × 10^–5	4.12 × 10^–5	4.48 × 10^–5	4.88 × 10^–5	4.99 × 10^–5	4.87 × 10^–5	5.67 × 10^–5	4.86 × 10^–5	4.31 × 10^–5	4 × 10^–5	5.1 × 10^–5	5.06 × 10^–5	4.79 × 10^–5	–1.5 × 10^–6	4.25 × 10^–6	–3.5 × 10^–7	–3.4 × 10^–7	–3.7 × 10^–7	1.25 × 10^–6	–3.5 × 10^–6
White and black Caribbean	–0.0003684	–4.7 × 10^–5	–7.18814 × 10^–5	6.75379 × 10^–5	–2.0932 × 10^–5	9.3904 × 10^–5	5.17 × 10^–5	0.02028	–1.6 × 10^–5	0.000136	4.05 × 10^–5	3.42 × 10^–5	4.27 × 10^–5	7.61 × 10^–5	5.45 × 10^–5	3.26 × 10^–5	6.55 × 10^–7	4.98 × 10^–5	3.68 × 10^–5	2.84 × 10^–5	–6.6 × 10^–5	2.28 × 10^–5	–9.9 × 10^–6	–9.7 × 10^–8	–2.3 × 10^–6	–3.3 × 10^–6	–1.1 × 10^–5
White and black African	–5.493 × 10^–5	7.83 × 10^–5	7.75578 × 10^–5	–4.7795 × 10^–6	–0.00013156	5.67286 × 10^–6	4.12 × 10^–5	–1.6 × 10^–5	0.044524	6.79 × 10^–5	2.8 × 10^–5	1.73 × 10^–5	6.94 × 10^–6	–6.3 × 10^–5	4.18 × 10^–6	0.000148	0.000182	–8 × 10^–6	8.6 × 10^–6	3.56 × 10^–5	6.86 × 10^–5	6.64 × 10^–5	2.35 × 10^–5	2.33 × 10^–5	–1.5 × 10^–5	–2.5 × 10^–6	1.21 × 10^–5
White and Asian	–0.0003921	–3 × 10^–6	–0.000112439	7.88793 × 10^–5	–0.00014909	7.98558 × 10^–5	4.48 × 10^–5	0.000136	6.79 × 10^–5	0.061634	2.21 × 10^–5	–9 × 10^–6	1.24 × 10^–5	–1.4 × 10^–5	3 × 10^–5	0.000113	8.04 × 10^–5	–3.3 × 10^–6	–1.2 × 10^–5	–2 × 10^–6	–6.4 × 10^–5	–0.00013	–1.1 × 10^–6	–5.2 × 10^–5	2.86 × 10^–5	–4.6 × 10^–5	–3.7 × 10^–5
Any other mixed race	3.3198 × 10^–5	–3.9 × 10^–6	–1.92029 × 10^–5	–1.7135 × 10^–5	4.1678 × 10^–5	3.99295 × 10^–5	4.88 × 10^–5	4.05 × 10^–5	2.8 × 10^–5	2.21 × 10^–5	0.00822	6.27 × 10^–5	6.89 × 10^–5	5.19 × 10^–5	5.57 × 10^–5	2.45 × 10^–5	2.13 × 10^–5	5.72 × 10^–5	6.31 × 10^–5	6.18 × 10^–5	2.17 × 10^–5	2.26 × 10^–5	8.43 × 10^–6	2.83 × 10^–6	–4.2 × 10^–6	1.84 × 10^–7	–2.1 × 10^–6
Indian	–2.554 × 10^–5	5.79 × 10^–6	1.05123 × 10^–5	–9.8789 × 10^–6	6.75188 × 10^–5	4.15499 × 10^–5	4.99 × 10^–5	3.42 × 10^–5	1.73 × 10^–5	–9 × 10^–6	6.27 × 10^–5	0.000218	7.19 × 10^–5	6.53 × 10^–5	5.97 × 10^–5	8.38 × 10^–6	1.28 × 10^–5	6.97 × 10^–5	7.27 × 10^–5	7.38 × 10^–5	1.38 × 10^–5	1.05 × 10^–5	6.87 × 10^–7	6.61 × 10^–7	–1.7 × 10^–6	–4 × 10^–7	–9.2 × 10^–7
Pakistani	4.399 × 10^–5	6.22 × 10^–6	–2.83273 × 10^–5	–2.0545 × 10^–5	7.23032 × 10^–5	3.65705 × 10^–5	4.87 × 10^–5	4.27 × 10^–5	6.94 × 10^–6	1.24 × 10^–5	6.89 × 10^–5	7.19 × 10^–5	0.002776	5.42 × 10^–5	6.35 × 10^–5	5.3 × 10^–6	2.59 × 10^–6	6.62 × 10^–5	7.19 × 10^–5	7.39 × 10^–5	1.89 × 10^–5	–6.9 × 10^–5	–2.4 × 10^–6	–9.4 × 10^–7	1.26 × 10^–5	–2.8 × 10^–6	–5 × 10^–6
Bangladeshi	0.00044117	–0.00011	2.71825 × 10^–6	–7.8058 × 10^–5	9.07182 × 10^–5	8.66005 × 10^–5	5.67 × 10^–5	7.61 × 10^–5	–6.3 × 10^–5	–1.4 × 10^–5	5.19 × 10^–5	6.53 × 10^–5	5.42 × 10^–5	0.028498	8.9 × 10^–5	5.51 × 10^–6	–1 × 10^–5	0.000104	7.98 × 10^–5	2.66 × 10^–5	–6.7 × 10^–5	–6.4 × 10^–5	3.25 × 10^–5	7.97 × 10^–7	9.65 × 10^–6	–1.5 × 10^–5	1.86 × 10^–5
Any other Asian background	0.00029433	–3.2 × 10^–6	–1.10377 × 10^–5	–5.8925 × 10^–5	5.50595 × 10^–5	4.35291 × 10^–5	4.86 × 10^–5	5.45 × 10^–5	4.18 × 10^–6	3 × 10^–5	5.57 × 10^–5	5.97 × 10^–5	6.35 × 10^–5	8.9 × 10^–5	0.001718	2.93 × 10^–5	3.23 × 10^–5	7.17 × 10^–5	6.27 × 10^–5	5.36 × 10^–5	–2.7 × 10^–5	–7 × 10^–6	8.18 × 10^–7	3.52 × 10^–6	1.07 × 10^–6	–1.2 × 10^–6	5.89 × 10^–7
Chinese	0.00026907	2.25 × 10^–5	2.25703 × 10^–5	–4.9943 × 10^–5	–0.00011793	2.96131 × 10^–5	4.31 × 10^–5	3.26 × 10^–5	0.000148	0.000113	2.45 × 10^–5	8.38 × 10^–6	5.3 × 10^–6	5.51 × 10^–6	2.93 × 10^–5	0.011652	0.00016	8.55 × 10^–6	6.81 × 10^–6	7.78 × 10^–6	2.57 × 10^–6	2.7 × 10^–5	6.39 × 10^–6	5.11 × 10^–6	–5.9 × 10^–6	1.61 × 10^–5	1.72 × 10^–6
Any other	0.00046847	7.95 × 10^–5	7.92104 × 10^–5	–9.0362 × 10^–5	–0.00010848	3.61323 × 10^–6	4 × 10^–5	6.55 × 10^–7	0.000182	8.04 × 10^–5	2.13 × 10^–5	1.28 × 10^–5	2.59 × 10^–6	–1 × 10^–5	3.23 × 10^–5	0.00016	0.020157	1.24 × 10^–5	8.3 × 10^–6	2.18 × 10^–5	4.21 × 10^–6	–1 × 10^–5	–7.1 × 10^–6	–6.9 × 10^–6	1.75 × 10^–6	2.45 × 10^–5	–2.7 × 10^–6
Black Caribbean	0.00012424	–1.1 × 10^–5	1.34193 × 10^–5	–3.2102 × 10^–5	7.63663 × 10^–5	5.22836 × 10^–5	5.1 × 10^–5	4.98 × 10^–5	–8 × 10^–6	–3.3 × 10^–6	5.72 × 10^–5	6.97 × 10^–5	6.62 × 10^–5	0.000104	7.17 × 10^–5	8.55 × 10^–6	1.24 × 10^–5	0.001555	7.32 × 10^–5	6.35 × 10^–5	–2.5 × 10^–5	1.78 × 10^–5	2.89 × 10^–6	3.57 × 10^–7	–3.2 × 10^–6	–1.3 × 10^–6	1.41 × 10^–6
Black African	3.5271 × 10^–5	–9 × 10^–6	6.75976 × 10^–6	–1.9374 × 10^–5	7.23844 × 10^–5	4.50839 × 10^–5	5.06 × 10^–5	3.68 × 10^–5	8.6 × 10^–6	–1.2 × 10^–5	6.31 × 10^–5	7.27 × 10^–5	7.19 × 10^–5	7.98 × 10^–5	6.27 × 10^–5	6.81 × 10^–6	8.3 × 10^–6	7.32 × 10^–5	0.001305	6.93 × 10^–5	1.02 × 10^–5	2.96 × 10^–5	1.16 × 10^–6	1.55 × 10^–6	–5.1 × 10^–6	1.83 × 10^–7	–6.5 × 10^–7
Any other black background	–0.0002078	5.23 × 10^–5	2.30185 × 10^–5	1.84499 × 10^–5	6.15028 × 10^–5	3.19581 × 10^–5	4.79 × 10^–5	2.84 × 10^–5	3.56 × 10^–5	–2 × 10^–6	6.18 × 10^–5	7.38 × 10^–5	7.39 × 10^–5	2.66 × 10^–5	5.36 × 10^–5	7.78 × 10^–6	2.18 × 10^–5	6.35 × 10^–5	6.93 × 10^–5	0.008951	1.82 × 10^–5	1.36 × 10^–5	3.72 × 10^–6	1.02 × 10^–5	–2.7 × 10^–6	–4.9 × 10^–7	–3 × 10^–6
Female	–4.409 × 10^–5	4.55 × 10^–6	2.04903 × 10^–6	–3.8695 × 10^–6	–1.5446 × 10^–6	–3.6606 × 10^–5	–1.5 × 10^–6	–6.6 × 10^–5	6.86 × 10^–5	–6.4 × 10^–5	2.17 × 10^–5	1.38 × 10^–5	1.89 × 10^–5	–6.7 × 10^–5	–2.7 × 10^–5	2.57 × 10^–6	4.21 × 10^–6	–2.5 × 10^–5	1.02 × 10^–5	1.82 × 10^–5	0.00013	2.57 × 10^–5	–1.2 × 10^–6	–9.4 × 10^–7	–3.5 × 10^–7	3.18 × 10^–6	–5 × 10^–5
Intercept	–0.0049018	–1.6 × 10^–5	–7.48844 × 10^–6	0.000835017	–0.0002075	–3.7319 × 10^–5	4.25 × 10^–6	2.28 × 10^–5	6.64 × 10^–5	–0.00013	2.26 × 10^–5	1.05 × 10^–5	–6.9 × 10^–5	–6.4 × 10^–5	–7 × 10^–6	2.7 × 10^–5	–1 × 10^–5	1.78 × 10^–5	2.96 × 10^–5	1.36 × 10^–5	2.57 × 10^–5	0.681713	–0.00081	–0.00238	–0.11749	0.026507	–0.00171
Walking Away	3.7877 × 10^–6	–7.3 × 10^–5	–2.89186 × 10^–5	4.25617 × 10^–6	6.27466 × 10^–7	–2.6456 × 10^–6	–3.5 × 10^–7	–9.9 × 10^–6	2.35 × 10^–5	–1.1 × 10^–6	8.43 × 10^–6	6.87 × 10^–7	–2.4 × 10^–6	3.25 × 10^–5	8.18 × 10^–7	6.39 × 10^–6	–7.1 × 10^–6	2.89 × 10^–6	1.16 × 10^–6	3.72 × 10^–6	–1.2 × 10^–6	–0.00081	0.011124	0.005188	–0.00076	2.39 × 10^–6	0.000162
Walking Away Plus	1.043 × 10^–5	–2.9 × 10^–5	–7.23591 × 10^–5	3.10822 × 10^–6	6.227 × 10^–7	–2.072 × 10^–6	–3.4 × 10^–7	–9.7 × 10^–8	2.33 × 10^–5	–5.2 × 10^–5	2.83 × 10^–6	6.61 × 10^–7	–9.4 × 10^–7	7.97 × 10^–7	3.52 × 10^–6	5.11 × 10^–6	–6.9 × 10^–6	3.57 × 10^–7	1.55 × 10^–6	1.02 × 10^–5	–9.4 × 10^–7	–0.00238	0.005188	0.011018	–0.00048	–9.1 × 10^–5	3.41 × 10^–5
HbA_1c (%) at baseline	0.00083196	7.63 × 10^–6	6.23905 × 10^–6	–0.00014301	3.82398 × 10^–5	6.67894 × 10^–6	–3.7 × 10^–7	–2.3 × 10^–6	–1.5 × 10^–5	2.86 × 10^–5	–4.2 × 10^–6	–1.7 × 10^–6	1.26 × 10^–5	9.65 × 10^–6	1.07 × 10^–6	–5.9 × 10^–6	1.75 × 10^–6	–3.2 × 10^–6	–5.1 × 10^–6	–2.7 × 10^–6	–3.5 × 10^–7	–0.11749	–0.00076	–0.00048	0.020484	–0.00508	–0.00033
Cambridge	–0.000173	3.14 × 10^–7	3.36459 × 10^–7	3.23157 × 10^–5	–7.2197 × 10^–5	1.81277 × 10^–6	1.25 × 10^–6	–3.3 × 10^–6	–2.5 × 10^–6	–4.6 × 10^–5	1.84 × 10^–7	–4 × 10^–7	–2.8 × 10^–6	–1.5 × 10^–5	–1.2 × 10^–6	1.61 × 10^–5	2.45 × 10^–5	–1.3 × 10^–6	1.83 × 10^–7	–4.9 × 10^–7	3.18 × 10^–6	0.026507	2.39 × 10^–6	–9.1 × 10^–5	–0.00508	0.009399	–0.00026
Female	2.592 × 10^–5	–1.2 × 10^–6	–9.69453 × 10^–7	–3.0131 × 10^–7	2.98605 × 10^–6	–4.5358 × 10^–6	–3.5 × 10^–6	–1.1 × 10^–5	1.21 × 10^–5	–3.7 × 10^–5	–2.1 × 10^–6	–9.2 × 10^–7	–5 × 10^–6	1.86 × 10^–5	5.89 × 10^–7	1.72 × 10^–6	–2.7 × 10^–6	1.41 × 10^–6	–6.5 × 10^–7	–3 × 10^–6	–5 × 10^–5	–0.00171	0.000162	3.41 × 10^–5	–0.00033	–0.00026	0.007521

Regressions used to estimate HbA_1c at 4 years

TABLE 60

Mean effect (logit link function): HbA_1c at 4 years

	Coefficients	SE	97.5% CI
Intercept	–6.428	0.163	–6.795 to –6.062
Walking Away (Walking Away = 1, 0 otherwise)	–0.004	0.019	–0.046 to 0.038
Walking Away Plus (Walking Away Plus = 1, 0 otherwise)	–0.016	0.019	–0.057 to 0.026
HbA_1c (%) at baseline	0.272	0.042	0.178 to 0.365
Cambridge (1 = Cambridge, 0 = Leicester)	0.689	0.042	0.595 to 0.783
White Irish (1 = white Irish, 0 = otherwise)	–0.132	0.019	–0.175 to –0.089
Any other white background (1 = any other white background, 0 = otherwise)	0.246	0.086	0.054 to 0.439
White and black Caribbean (1 = white and black Caribbean, 0 = otherwise)	0.090	0.039	0.001 to 0.178
White and black African (1 = white and black African, 0 = otherwise)	0.106	0.141	–0.211 to 0.423
White and Asian (1 = white and Asian, 0 = otherwise)	0.280	0.206	–0.181 to 0.741
Any other mixed race (1= any other mixed race, 0 = otherwise)	–0.255	0.189	–0.678 to 0.168
Indian (1 = Indian, 0 = otherwise)	–0.005	0.129	–0.293 to 0.284
Pakistani (1 = Pakistani, 0 = otherwise)	0.020	0.022	–0.03 to 0.07
Bangladeshi (1 = Bangladeshi, 0 = otherwise)	–0.002	0.079	–0.178 to 0.175
Any other Asian background (1 = any other Asian background, 0 = otherwise)	–0.022	0.316	–0.73 to 0.687
Chinese (1 = Chinese, 0 = otherwise)	–0.024	0.056	–0.149 to 0.102
Any other (1 = any other, 0 = otherwise)	–0.061	0.118	–0.326 to 0.203
Black Caribbean (1 = black Caribbean, 0 = otherwise)	0.142	0.166	–0.229 to 0.514
Black African (1 = black African, 0 = otherwise)	0.044	0.059	–0.089 to 0.177
Any other black background (1 = any other black background, 0 = otherwise)	0.170	0.054	0.05 to 0.29
Female (1 = female, 0 otherwise)	–0.008	0.140	–0.322 to 0.306

TABLE 61

Dispersion parameter (natural logarithm link function): HbA_1c at 4 years

	Coefficients	SE	97.5% CI
Intercept	9.624	0.923	7.555 to 11.693
Walking Away (Walking Away = 1, 0 otherwise)	–0.274	0.112	–0.524 to –0.024
Walking Away Plus (Walking Away Plus = 1, 0 otherwise)	–0.258	0.111	–0.508 to –0.009
HbA_1c (% scale) at baseline	0.658	0.247	0.104 to 1.212
Cambridge (1 = Cambridge site, 0 = otherwise)	–1.571	0.238	–2.103 to –1.038
Female (1 = female, 0 otherwise)	0.190	0.105	–0.045 to 0.424

TABLE 62

Covariance matrix: HbA_1c at 4 years

	Mean effect		Dispersion
	Intercept	Walking Away	Walking Away Plus	HbA_1c (%) at baseline	Cambridge	White Irish	Any other white background	White and black Caribbean	White and black African	White and Asian	Any other mixed race	Indian	Pakistani	Bangladeshi	Any other Asian background	Chinese	Any other	Black Caribbean	Black African	Any other black background	Female	Intercept	Walking Away	Walking Away Plus	HbA_1c (%) at baseline	HbA_1c (%) at 12 months	Cambridge	Female
Intercept	0.02668525	–2.84 × 10^–5	–4.94 × 10^–5	–0.00205223	–0.0025428	0.00083728	–0.00128	–0.00023	–0.00071	–0.00046	–0.00123	–0.00025	0.000116	–0.00033	0.002279	0.000557	0.000674	0.00144	0.000272	0.000145	–0.00055	–9.90 × 10^–5	0.000637	–0.00929	2.72 × 10^–5	2.15 × 10^–5	0.001084	0.000491
Walking Away	–2.84 × 10^–5	0.00035	0.000142219	–8.21 × 10^–5	6.13 × 10^–5	8.49 × 10^–6	–9.35 × 10^–5	–1.76 × 10^–5	–0.00013	0.000157	5.18 × 10^–6	4.06 × 10^–5	1.14 × 10^–5	1.14 × 10^–5	–0.00023	3.50 × 10^–6	7.63 × 10^–5	0.00014	–5.64 × 10^–6	1.84 × 10^–6	0.00011	5.66 × 10^–6	–3.66 × 10^–5	–1.82 × 10^–5	–0.00013	–5.28 × 10^–5	2.69 × 10^–5	–1.45 × 10^–5
Walking Away Plus	–4.94 × 10^–5	0.000142	0.000345322	–6.42 × 10^–5	4.73 × 10^–5	5.68 × 10^–6	–5.92 × 10^–5	–1.21 × 10^–5	–8.09 × 10^–5	0.000154	–0.00019	–1.29 × 10^–6	2.23 × 10^–5	–7.40 × 10^–5	–1.43 × 10^–5	1.68 × 10^–5	2.19 × 10^–5	0.000145	1.12 × 10^–5	3.60 × 10^–5	8.33 × 10^–5	–5.14 × 10^–7	2.69 × 10^–5	–1.82 × 10^–5	–5.27 × 10^–5	–0.00013	2.13 × 10^–5	–9.19 × 10^–6
HbA_1c (%) at baseline	–0.0020522	–8.21 × 10^–5	–6.42 × 10^–5	0.001756146	–0.00136559	–0.00029728	0.000171	5.23 × 10^–5	0.000128	–0.00027	–9.47 × 10^–5	5.70 × 10^–5	–2.39 × 10^–5	8.12 × 10^–5	0.000502	–3.86 × 10^–5	–4.11 × 10^–5	7.12 × 10^–5	–2.98 × 10^–5	–5.67 × 10^–5	9.97 × 10^–5	–2.98 × 10^–5	–7.15 × 10^–5	0.001177	2.57 × 10^–5	2.05 × 10^–5	–0.00063	0.00042
Cambridge	–0.0025428	6.13 × 10^–5	4.73 × 10^–5	–0.00136559	0.001777184	0.000122123	4.27 × 10^–5	–2.32 × 10^–5	5.47 × 10^–6	0.000306	0.000322	–4.06 × 10^–5	–2.74 × 10^–5	–4.89 × 10^–5	–0.00089	–7.35 × 10^–5	–8.24 × 10^–5	–0.00033	–4.13 × 10^–5	2.28 × 10^–7	–4.37 × 10^–5	1.81 × 10^–5	–5.09 × 10^–5	0.000389	–2.12 × 10^–5	–1.53 × 10^–5	0.000436	–0.00049
White Irish	0.00083728	8.49 × 10^–6	5.68 × 10^–6	–0.00029728	0.000122123	0.00037068	7.69 × 10^–6	–3.51 × 10^–6	–6.80 × 10^–5	–0.00013	–0.00017	7.51 × 10^–5	0.000151	0.000131	0.000143	9.77 × 10^–5	–0.00013	–0.00013	0.000163	0.000163	0.000122	9.50 × 10^–7	–7.41 × 10^–5	–0.00028	–5.49 × 10^–7	8.66 × 10^–7	9.56 × 10^–5	–4.08 × 10^–5
Any other white background	–0.0012811	–9.35 × 10^–5	–5.92 × 10^–5	0.000171217	4.27 × 10^–5	7.69 × 10^–6	0.007397	9.83 × 10^–5	0.000156	–1.22 × 10^–6	0.000125	9.78 × 10^–5	9.54 × 10^–5	0.000127	9.43 × 10^–5	7.52 × 10^–5	4.73 × 10^–6	–4.78 × 10^–5	0.0001	9.64 × 10^–5	0.0001	–2.44 × 10^–5	2.99 × 10^–5	0.000191	1.22 × 10^–5	8.39 × 10^–6	–4.48 × 10^–5	1.29 × 10^–5
White and black Caribbean	–0.0002303	–1.76 × 10^–5	–1.21 × 10^–5	5.23 × 10^–5	–2.32 × 10^–5	–3.51 × 10^–6	9.83 × 10^–5	0.001557	9.93 × 10^–5	5.45 × 10^–5	9.00 × 10^–5	8.23 × 10^–5	8.16 × 10^–5	8.77 × 10^–5	0.000102	8.41 × 10^–5	7.14 × 10^–5	6.63 × 10^–5	8.56 × 10^–5	8.17 × 10^–5	8.19 × 10^–5	–1.76 × 10^–5	–2.99 × 10^–5	5.83 × 10^–5	1.12 × 10^–6	3.20 × 10^–6	–5.92 × 10^–6	–3.86 × 10^–6
White and black African	–0.0007135	–0.00013	–8.09 × 10^–5	0.000128317	5.47 × 10^–6	–6.80 × 10^–5	0.000156	9.93 × 10^–5	0.019946	–2.02 × 10^–5	0.000181	5.52 × 10^–5	4.81 × 10^–5	7.21 × 10^–5	0.000132	7.96 × 10^–5	5.87 × 10^–5	9.21 × 10^–6	7.11 × 10^–5	5.12 × 10^–5	2.53 × 10^–5	–9.39 × 10^–5	6.23 × 10^–5	0.000133	1.67 × 10^–5	4.85 × 10^–6	–3.02 × 10^–5	6.37 × 10^–6
White and Asian	–0.0004594	0.000157	0.00015444	–0.00026641	0.000305801	–0.00013221	–1.22 × 10^–6	5.45 × 10^–5	–2.02 × 10^–5	0.042328	9.84 × 10^–5	6.76 × 10^–5	3.53 × 10^–5	–4.71 × 10^–6	–0.00026	3.40 × 10^–6	0.000183	0.000202	–1.57 × 10^–5	3.15 × 10^–5	8.10 × 10^–5	0.000171	0.000161	0.000137	–1.68 × 10^–5	–1.57 × 10^–5	7.28 × 10^–6	–2.53 × 10^–5
Any other mixed race	–0.0012265	5.18 × 10^–6	–0.000192553	–9.47 × 10^–5	0.000322395	–0.00017357	0.000125	9.00 × 10^–5	0.000181	9.84 × 10^–5	0.035556	4.00 × 10^–5	–2.08 × 10^–5	5.72 × 10^–5	–0.00022	2.52 × 10^–5	0.000136	5.21 × 10^–6	–7.59 × 10^–6	–3.00 × 10^–5	–2.16 × 10^–5	–8.57 × 10^–5	5.25 × 10^–5	–1.36 × 10^–5	–8.40 × 10^–7	4.53 × 10^–6	–4.20 × 10^–5	4.41 × 10^–5
Indian	–0.0002492	4.06 × 10^–5	–1.29 × 10^–6	5.70 × 10^–5	–4.06 × 10^–5	7.51 × 10^–5	9.78 × 10^–5	8.23 × 10^–5	5.52 × 10^–5	6.76 × 10^–5	4.00 × 10^–5	0.016569	0.000128	0.000139	9.84 × 10^–5	9.67 × 10^–5	4.90 × 10^–5	5.46 × 10^–5	0.000121	0.000125	0.000147	3.23 × 10^–5	4.84 × 10^–5	0.000187	1.70 × 10^–6	–1.17 × 10^–5	–2.39 × 10^–5	–7.25 × 10^–6
Pakistani	0.00011563	1.14 × 10^–5	2.23 × 10^–5	–2.39 × 10^–5	–2.74 × 10^–5	0.000150831	9.54 × 10^–5	8.16 × 10^–5	4.81 × 10^–5	3.53 × 10^–5	–2.08 × 10^–5	0.000128	0.0005	0.00015	0.00017	0.000123	2.29 × 10^–5	3.99 × 10^–5	0.000156	0.000161	0.000159	2.36 × 10^–5	4.74 × 10^–5	1.68 × 10^–5	2.36 × 10^–6	1.85 × 10^–6	1.86 × 10^–6	–4.85 × 10^–6
Bangladeshi	–0.0003298	1.14 × 10^–5	–7.40 × 10^–5	8.12 × 10^–5	–4.89 × 10^–5	0.000131257	0.000127	8.77 × 10^–5	7.21 × 10^–5	–4.71 × 10^–6	5.72 × 10^–5	0.000139	0.00015	0.006196	0.000131	0.00011	1.18 × 10^–5	–9.87 × 10^–6	0.000148	0.000145	0.000159	1.86 × 10^–5	1.74 × 10^–5	4.39 × 10^–6	–5.10 × 10^–6	–3.07 × 10^–6	–3.21 × 10^–7	3.91 × 10^–7
Any other Asian background	0.00227908	–0.00023	–1.43 × 10^–5	0.000502176	–0.00089263	0.000142868	9.43 × 10^–5	0.000102	0.000132	–0.00026	–0.00022	9.84 × 10^–5	0.00017	0.000131	0.099857	0.00021	3.17 × 10^–5	0.000168	0.000215	0.000178	9.28 × 10^–5	–0.0001	0.000102	0.000146	1.90 × 10^–5	4.26 × 10^–6	–6.10 × 10^–6	–1.91 × 10^–5
Chinese	0.00055667	3.50 × 10^–6	1.68 × 10^–5	–3.86 × 10^–5	–7.35 × 10^–5	9.77 × 10^–5	7.52 × 10^–5	8.41 × 10^–5	7.96 × 10^–5	3.40 × 10^–6	2.52 × 10^–5	9.67 × 10^–5	0.000123	0.00011	0.00021	0.003137	6.55 × 10^–5	9.21 × 10^–5	0.000141	0.000128	0.00011	–6.10 × 10^–5	6.08 × 10^–5	2.79 × 10^–5	5.89 × 10^–7	–6.19 × 10^–6	–8.17 × 10^–6	3.48 × 10^–6
Any other	0.00067394	7.63 × 10^–5	2.19 × 10^–5	–4.11 × 10^–5	–8.24 × 10^–5	–0.00013231	4.73 × 10^–6	7.14 × 10^–5	5.87 × 10^–5	0.000183	0.000136	4.90 × 10^–5	2.29 × 10^–5	1.18 × 10^–5	3.17 × 10^–5	6.55 × 10^–5	0.013933	0.000236	1.97 × 10^–5	1.72 × 10^–5	2.56 × 10^–5	1.04 × 10^–7	0.000141	–7.94 × 10^–5	4.20 × 10^–6	1.10 × 10^–5	–1.50 × 10^–5	2.70 × 10^–5
Black Caribbean	0.00143976	0.00014	0.000144648	7.12 × 10^–5	–0.00033453	–0.00012866	–4.78 × 10^–5	6.63 × 10^–5	9.21 × 10^–6	0.000202	5.21 × 10^–6	5.46 × 10^–5	3.99 × 10^–5	–9.87 × 10^–6	0.000168	9.21 × 10^–5	0.000236	0.02748	3.56 × 10^–5	3.53 × 10^–5	6.09 × 10^–5	–5.90 × 10^–7	0.000167	–0.00013	–2.29 × 10^–5	–2.40 × 10^–5	–5.24 × 10^–6	2.93 × 10^–5
Black African	0.00027153	–5.64 × 10^–6	1.12 × 10^–5	–2.98 × 10^–5	–4.13 × 10^–5	0.000162537	0.0001	8.56 × 10^–5	7.11 × 10^–5	–1.57 × 10^–5	–7.59 × 10^–6	0.000121	0.000156	0.000148	0.000215	0.000141	1.97 × 10^–5	3.56 × 10^–5	0.003522	0.000162	0.000148	–3.36 × 10^–5	3.72 × 10^–5	6.89 × 10^–5	2.08 × 10^–6	3.94 × 10^–6	–6.90 × 10^–6	–4.64 × 10^–6
Any other black background	0.00014486	1.84 × 10^–6	3.60 × 10^–5	–5.67 × 10^–5	2.28 × 10^–7	0.000162753	9.64 × 10^–5	8.17 × 10^–5	5.12 × 10^–5	3.15 × 10^–5	–3.00 × 10^–5	0.000125	0.000161	0.000145	0.000178	0.000128	1.72 × 10^–5	3.53 × 10^–5	0.000162	0.002877	0.000158	1.41 × 10^–5	4.79 × 10^–5	6.05 × 10^–5	–3.72 × 10^–6	–5.19 × 10^–7	–6.18 × 10^–6	–2.46 × 10^–6
Female	–0.0005473	0.00011	8.33 × 10^–5	9.97 × 10^–5	–4.37 × 10^–5	0.000121935	0.0001	8.19 × 10^–5	2.53 × 10^–5	8.10 × 10^–5	–2.16 × 10^–5	0.000147	0.000159	0.000159	9.28 × 10^–5	0.00011	2.56 × 10^–5	6.09 × 10^–5	0.000148	0.000158	0.019623	3.04 × 10^–5	2.13 × 10^–5	4.41 × 10^–5	1.45 × 10^–5	1.45 × 10^–5	–2.23 × 10^–5	1.33 × 10^–5
Intercept	–9.90 × 10^–5	5.66 × 10^–6	–5.14 × 10^–7	–2.98 × 10^–5	1.81 × 10^–5	9.50 × 10^–7	–2.44 × 10^–5	–1.76 × 10^–5	–9.39 × 10^–5	0.000171	–8.57 × 10^–5	3.23 × 10^–5	2.36 × 10^–5	1.86 × 10^–5	–0.0001	–6.10 × 10^–5	1.04 × 10^–7	–5.90 × 10^–7	–3.36 × 10^–5	1.41 × 10^–5	3.04 × 10^–5	0.000256	5.68 × 10^–5	0.000151	–1.85 × 10^–6	4.88 × 10^–7	3.57 × 10^–6	–1.93 × 10^–5
Walking Away	0.00063747	–3.66 × 10^–5	2.69 × 10^–5	–7.15 × 10^–5	–5.09 × 10^–5	–7.41 × 10^–5	2.99 × 10^–5	–2.99 × 10^–5	6.23 × 10^–5	0.000161	5.25 × 10^–5	4.84 × 10^–5	4.74 × 10^–5	1.74 × 10^–5	0.000102	6.08 × 10^–5	0.000141	0.000167	3.72 × 10^–5	4.79 × 10^–5	2.13 × 10^–5	5.68 × 10^–5	0.002259	–0.00018	1.08 × 10^–5	–1.15 × 10^–5	2.83 × 10^–5	6.51 × 10^–6
Walking Away Plus	–0.0092943	–1.82 × 10^–5	–1.82 × 10^–5	0.001177174	0.000389326	–0.00028142	0.000191	5.83 × 10^–5	0.000133	0.000137	–1.36 × 10^–5	0.000187	1.68 × 10^–5	4.39 × 10^–6	0.000146	2.79 × 10^–5	–7.94 × 10^–5	–0.00013	6.89 × 10^–5	6.05 × 10^–5	4.41 × 10^–5	0.000151	–0.00018	0.852306	–0.00272	–0.00193	–0.07844	–0.06705
HbA_1c (%) at baseline	2.72 × 10^–5	–0.00013	–5.27 × 10^–5	2.57 × 10^–5	–2.12 × 10^–5	–5.49 × 10^–7	1.22 × 10^–5	1.12 × 10^–6	1.67 × 10^–5	–1.68 × 10^–5	–8.40 × 10^–7	1.70 × 10^–6	2.36 × 10^–6	–5.10 × 10^–6	1.90 × 10^–5	5.89 × 10^–7	4.20 × 10^–6	–2.29 × 10^–5	2.08 × 10^–6	–3.72 × 10^–6	1.45 × 10^–5	–1.85 × 10^–6	1.08 × 10^–5	–0.00272	0.012435	0.005718	–0.00188	0.001336
HbA_1c (%) at 12 months	2.15 × 10^–5	–5.28 × 10^–5	–0.000129436	2.05 × 10^–5	–1.53 × 10^–5	8.66 × 10^–7	8.39 × 10^–6	3.20 × 10^–6	4.85 × 10^–6	–1.57 × 10^–5	4.53 × 10^–6	–1.17 × 10^–5	1.85 × 10^–6	–3.07 × 10^–6	4.26 × 10^–6	–6.19 × 10^–6	1.10 × 10^–5	–2.40 × 10^–5	3.94 × 10^–6	–5.19 × 10^–7	1.45 × 10^–5	4.88 × 10^–7	–1.15 × 10^–5	–0.00193	0.005718	0.012395	–0.0018	0.001151
Cambridge	0.00108424	2.69 × 10^–5	2.13 × 10^–5	–0.00063212	0.000435711	9.56 × 10^–5	–4.48 × 10^–5	–5.92 × 10^–6	–3.02 × 10^–5	7.28 × 10^–6	–4.20 × 10^–5	–2.39 × 10^–5	1.86 × 10^–6	–3.21 × 10^–7	–6.10 × 10^–6	–8.17 × 10^–6	–1.50 × 10^–5	–5.24 × 10^–6	–6.90 × 10^–6	–6.18 × 10^–6	–2.23 × 10^–5	3.57 × 10^–6	2.83 × 10^–5	–0.07844	–0.00188	–0.0018	0.061058	–0.04622
Female	0.00049063	–1.45 × 10^–5	–9.19 × 10^–6	0.000419803	–0.00049193	–4.08 × 10^–5	1.29 × 10^–5	–3.86 × 10^–6	6.37 × 10^–6	–2.53 × 10^–5	4.41 × 10^–5	–7.25 × 10^–6	–4.85 × 10^–6	3.91 × 10^–7	–1.91 × 10^–5	3.48 × 10^–6	2.70 × 10^–5	2.93 × 10^–5	–4.64 × 10^–6	–2.46 × 10^–6	1.33 × 10^–5	–1.93 × 10^–5	6.51 × 10^–6	–0.06705	0.001336	0.001151	–0.04622	0.056499

Regressions used to estimate step count at 1 year

TABLE 63

Mean effect (logit link function): step count at 1 year

	Coefficients	SE	97.5% CI
Intercept	–2.390	0.044	–2.488 to –2.291
Walking Away (Walking Away = 1, 0 otherwise)	0.107	0.033	0.033 to 0.18
Walking Away Plus (Walking Away Plus = 1, 0 otherwise)	0.153	0.031	0.083 to 0.224
HbA_1c (%) at baseline	0.000	0.000	0 to 0
Cambridge (1 = Cambridge, 0 = Leicester)	0.021	0.031	–0.047 to 0.09
White Irish (1 = white Irish, 0 = otherwise)	–0.115	0.167	–0.49 to 0.259
Any other white background (1 = any other white background, 0 = otherwise)	0.044	0.074	–0.121 to 0.209
White and black Caribbean (1 = white and black Caribbean, 0 = otherwise)	0.194	0.283	–0.441 to 0.829
White and black African (1 = white and black African, 0 = otherwise)	0.283	0.383	–0.575 to 1.142
White and Asian (1 = white and Asian, 0 = otherwise)	–0.936	0.524	–2.11 to 0.238
Any other mixed race (1= any other mixed race, 0 = otherwise)	0.467	0.209	–0.002 to 0.937
Indian (1 = Indian, 0 = otherwise)	0.000	0.036	–0.081 to 0.081
Pakistani (1 = Pakistani, 0 = otherwise)	–0.086	0.126	–0.368 to 0.196
Bangladeshi (1 = Bangladeshi, 0 = otherwise)	0.537	0.377	–0.308 to 1.381
Any other Asian background (1 = any other Asian background, 0 = otherwise)	0.118	0.096	–0.097 to 0.332
Chinese (1 = Chinese, 0 = otherwise)	0.167	0.207	–0.296 to 0.63
Any other (1 = any other, 0 = otherwise)	0.361	0.263	–0.228 to 0.95
Black Caribbean (1 = black Caribbean, 0 = otherwise)	0.115	0.099	–0.107 to 0.338
Black African (1 = black African, 0 = otherwise)	0.042	0.086	–0.151 to 0.236
Any other black background (1 = any other black background, 0 = otherwise)	0.305	0.210	–0.165 to 0.775
Female (1 = female, 0 otherwise)	–0.030	0.027	–0.089 to 0.03

TABLE 64

Dispersion parameter (natural logarithm link function): step count at 1 year

	Coefficients	SE	97.5% CI
Intercept	4.086	0.134	3.786 to 4.386
Walking Away (Walking Away = 1, 0 otherwise)	–0.385	0.107	–0.624 to –0.147
Walking Away Plus (Walking Away Plus = 1, 0 otherwise)	–0.263	0.107	–0.502 to –0.024
Steps per day at baseline	0.000	0.000	0 to 0
Cambridge (1 = Cambridge site, 0 = otherwise)	–0.163	0.092	–0.368 to 0.043
Female (1 = Female, 0 otherwise)	0.141	0.088	–0.057 to 0.339

TABLE 65

Covariance matrix: step count at 1 year

	Mean effect																					Dispersion
	Intercept	Walking Away	Walking Away Plus	HbA_1c (%) at baseline	Cambridge	White Irish	Any other white background	White and black Caribbean	White and black African	White and Asian	Any other mixed race	Indian	Pakistani	Bangladeshi	Any other Asian background	Chinese	Any other	Black Caribbean	Black African	Any other black background	Female	Intercept	Walking Away	Walking Away Plus	Step count at baseline	Cambridge	Female
Intercept	0.00193265	–0.00036	–0.000369582	–1.5178 × 10^–7	–0.00030847	9.97443 × 10^–5	–3.6 × 10^–5	0.000178	–0.00062	0.001837	–0.00047	–0.00047	–0.00046	–0.0004	–0.00024	–9.7 × 10^–5	–3.6 × 10^–5	–0.00037	–0.00047	–0.00043	–0.00047	–0.0007	0.000196	0.000163	3.9 × 10^–8	7.09 × 10^–5	0.000204
Walking Away	–0.0003645	0.001068	0.000416316	–9.4668 × 10^–9	–2.7216 × 10^–6	–0.00044113	–5.9 × 10^–5	–0.00029	0.000422	8.41 × 10^–5	–2.4 × 10^–6	4.76 × 10^–5	3.76 × 10^–5	–0.00068	–7.8 × 10^–6	0.000107	0.000431	–5.8 × 10^–5	–6.3 × 10^–5	0.000309	3.04 × 10^–5	0.000163	–0.00049	–0.00021	5.25 × 10^–9	9.73 × 10^–6	–7.7 × 10^–6
Walking Away Plus	–0.0003696	0.000416	0.000978441	–7.1833 × 10^–9	–1.1548 × 10^–5	–0.0001514	2.86 × 10^–5	–0.0003	0.000421	–0.00047	–4.1 × 10^–5	6.66 × 10^–5	–0.00016	–1 × 10^–5	–1.1 × 10^–5	0.000101	0.000442	8.41 × 10^–5	5.35 × 10^–5	0.000152	–2.6 × 10^–6	0.000148	–0.00021	–0.00044	6.29 × 10^–9	1.47 × 10^–5	8.56 × 10^–6
HbA_1c (%) at baseline	–1.518 × 10^–7	–9.5 × 10^–9	–7.18331 × 10^–9	2.15418 × 10^–11	–1.0852 × 10^–8	–2.1758 × 10^–8	–2.6 × 10^–8	–1.1 × 10^–8	2.15 × 10^–8	–2.2 × 10^–7	6.3 × 10^–9	–1.3 × 10^–9	5.09 × 10^–9	4.89 × 10^–8	–2 × 10^–9	2.22 × 10^–9	–3.4 × 10^–8	–1.6 × 10^–9	6.07 × 10^–9	–2.4 × 10^–8	1.31 × 10^–8	4.28 × 10^–8	1.09 × 10^–9	3.64 × 10^–9	–3.9 × 10^–12	3.08 × 10^–9	–6.1 × 10^–9
Cambridge	–0.0003085	–2.7 × 10^–6	–1.15484 × 10^–5	–1.0852 × 10^–8	0.000935282	0.000166638	2.31 × 10^–5	1.66 × 10^–5	–0.00055	–0.0004	0.000328	0.000377	0.000391	0.000378	0.000243	–0.00052	–0.00052	0.000396	0.00039	0.000404	–2.1 × 10^–5	5.9 × 10^–5	9.88 × 10^–6	1.97 × 10^–5	5.07 × 10^–9	–0.00035	2.12 × 10^–5
White Irish	9.9744 × 10^–5	–0.00044	–0.000151401	–2.1758 × 10^–8	0.000166638	0.027945404	0.000314	0.000452	–0.00013	0.000446	0.00027	0.000276	0.000263	0.000623	0.000331	0.000114	2.22 × 10^–5	0.000361	0.000325	0.000186	–0.00018	7.02 × 10^–5	2.2 × 10^–5	–1 × 10^–5	–8.9 × 10^–9	4.33 × 10^–6	–4.5 × 10^–5
Any other white background	–3.567 × 10^–5	–5.9 × 10^–5	2.86014 × 10^–5	–2.571 × 10^–8	2.309 × 10^–5	0.000314217	0.005421	0.000287	0.00018	0.000487	0.000234	0.000248	0.000225	0.000271	0.000261	0.000234	0.000269	0.000268	0.00025	0.000255	–5.8 × 10^–5	1.57 × 10^–5	–2.3 × 10^–5	–1.9 × 10^–5	1.45 × 10^–10	4.61 × 10^–6	–3.7 × 10^–6
White and black Caribbean	0.00017763	–0.00029	–0.000301125	–1.1099 × 10^–8	1.6609 × 10^–5	0.000452123	0.000287	0.080284	–0.00012	0.00064	0.000204	0.000193	0.000227	0.000497	0.000337	0.000203	8.38 × 10^–5	0.000282	0.000226	0.000123	–0.00034	6.91 × 10^–5	1.72 × 10^–5	5.85 × 10^–5	–1.1 × 10^–8	–3 × 10^–5	2.99 × 10^–5
White and black African	–0.0006218	0.000422	0.000421119	2.1456 × 10^–8	–0.0005474	–0.00012505	0.00018	–0.00012	0.146829	–1.9 × 10^–5	9.93 × 10^–5	9.72 × 10^–5	3.85 × 10^–5	–0.00029	5.16 × 10^–6	0.000606	0.00077	–2 × 10^–5	4.5 × 10^–5	0.000183	0.000396	0.000127	–3.3 × 10^–5	–2.6 × 10^–5	–1.1 × 10^–8	6.39 × 10^–5	–4.4 × 10^–5
White and Asian	0.0018367	8.41 × 10^–5	–0.000468563	–2.1616 × 10^–7	–0.00040483	0.000445753	0.000487	0.00064	–1.9 × 10^–5	0.274366	–3.2 × 10^–5	–1.7 × 10^–5	3.98 × 10^–5	–0.00048	0.000221	0.000481	0.000709	1.22 × 10^–5	–0.00011	0.0002	–0.00044	–0.00028	3.16 × 10^–6	0.00014	3.44 × 10^–9	0.000145	0.000142
Any other mixed race	–0.0004707	–2.4 × 10^–6	–4.12575 × 10^–5	6.29849 × 10^–9	0.000327689	0.000269742	0.000234	0.000204	9.93 × 10^–5	–3.2 × 10^–5	0.043837	0.00039	0.00041	0.00035	0.000307	5.29 × 10^–5	3.22 × 10^–5	0.000371	0.000392	0.000393	0.0001	–0.0003	9.41 × 10^–6	0.00015	4.97 × 10^–8	5.66 × 10^–5	–0.00011
Indian	–0.0004653	4.76 × 10^–5	6.66208 × 10^–5	–1.3299 × 10^–9	0.00037658	0.000276016	0.000248	0.000193	9.72 × 10^–5	–1.7 × 10^–5	0.00039	0.001316	0.000408	0.000362	0.000327	3.85 × 10^–5	6.78 × 10^–5	0.000404	0.000413	0.000434	6.17 × 10^–5	3.54 × 10^–6	–6.6 × 10^–6	5.64 × 10^–6	1.52 × 10^–10	2.24 × 10^–6	–8.6 × 10^–6
Pakistani	–0.0004641	3.76 × 10^–5	–0.000157389	5.09095 × 10^–9	0.000391296	0.000263382	0.000225	0.000227	3.85 × 10^–5	3.98 × 10^–5	0.00041	0.000408	0.015819	0.0003	0.000324	1.25 × 10^–5	–2.7 × 10^–5	0.000377	0.000402	0.000429	0.000103	4.17 × 10^–5	1.55 × 10^–5	–3.2 × 10^–5	–5.4 × 10^–9	2.51 × 10^–5	–2.9 × 10^–5
Bangladeshi	–0.0004025	–0.00068	–1.04155 × 10^–5	4.88589 × 10^–8	0.000377875	0.000623237	0.000271	0.000497	–0.00029	–0.00048	0.00035	0.000362	0.0003	0.141942	0.000433	–2 × 10^–5	–0.00023	0.000528	0.000478	0.000135	–0.00033	5.77 × 10^–5	7.91 × 10^–5	9.04 × 10^–6	–4 × 10^–9	–2.4 × 10^–5	2.15 × 10^–5
Any other Asian background	–0.0002354	–7.8 × 10^–6	–1.14241 × 10^–5	–1.9693 × 10^–9	0.000242511	0.000331483	0.000261	0.000337	5.16 × 10^–6	0.000221	0.000307	0.000327	0.000324	0.000433	0.009156	0.000109	0.000106	0.000372	0.000339	0.000322	–0.00018	6.21 × 10^–5	3.19 × 10^–6	8.29 × 10^–7	–7.2 × 10^–9	1.54 × 10^–6	7.59 × 10^–7
Chinese	–9.7 × 10^–5	0.000107	0.000101136	2.21523 × 10^–9	–0.00052423	0.000113654	0.000234	0.000203	0.000606	0.000481	5.29 × 10^–5	3.85 × 10^–5	1.25 × 10^–5	–2 × 10^–5	0.000109	0.042662	0.000601	2.32 × 10^–5	2.17 × 10^–5	5.07 × 10^–5	–8.6 × 10^–8	–9.6 × 10^–6	–6.7 × 10^–5	–4 × 10^–5	1.99 × 10^–9	2.55 × 10^–5	6.56 × 10^–5
Any other	–3.612 × 10^–5	0.000431	0.000442138	–3.4388 × 10^–8	–0.00051619	2.22469 × 10^–5	0.000269	8.38 × 10^–5	0.00077	0.000709	3.22 × 10^–5	6.78 × 10^–5	–2.7 × 10^–5	–0.00023	0.000106	0.000601	0.069137	3.57 × 10^–5	1.47 × 10^–5	0.000189	–3.3 × 10^–6	0.000125	–0.00012	–0.00012	–1.1 × 10^–8	0.000149	4.36 × 10^–6
Black Caribbean	–0.000366	–5.8 × 10^–5	8.41236 × 10^–5	–1.6477 × 10^–9	0.000396329	0.000361077	0.000268	0.000282	–2 × 10^–5	1.22 × 10^–5	0.000371	0.000404	0.000377	0.000528	0.000372	2.32 × 10^–5	3.57 × 10^–5	0.009845	0.000425	0.000392	–9.7 × 10^–5	6.39 × 10^–5	–6 × 10^–6	–4.3 × 10^–6	–6 × 10^–9	–9.7 × 10^–6	–4.4 × 10^–6
Black African	–0.0004746	–6.3 × 10^–5	5.34539 × 10^–5	6.06544 × 10^–9	0.000389854	0.000324925	0.00025	0.000226	4.5 × 10^–5	–0.00011	0.000392	0.000413	0.000402	0.000478	0.000339	2.17 × 10^–5	1.47 × 10^–5	0.000425	0.007456	0.000399	3.14 × 10^–5	2 × 10^–5	2.21 × 10^–7	2.15 × 10^–5	–3.2 × 10^–9	6.16 × 10^–6	–9.3 × 10^–7
Any other black background	–0.0004291	0.000309	0.000151912	–2.4315 × 10^–8	0.000404414	0.000185735	0.000255	0.000123	0.000183	0.0002	0.000393	0.000434	0.000429	0.000135	0.000322	5.07 × 10^–5	0.000189	0.000392	0.000399	0.043969	9.49 × 10^–5	0.000116	–6.4 × 10^–5	–3.1 × 10^–5	–7.3 × 10^–9	–5 × 10^–5	1.11 × 10^–5
Female	–0.0004668	3.04 × 10^–5	–2.63701 × 10^–6	1.31019 × 10^–8	–2.077 × 10^–5	–0.00018246	–5.8 × 10^–5	–0.00034	0.000396	–0.00044	0.0001	6.17 × 10^–5	0.000103	–0.00033	–0.00018	–8.6 × 10^–8	–3.3 × 10^–6	–9.7 × 10^–5	3.14 × 10^–5	9.49 × 10^–5	0.00071	0.000207	–8.4 × 10^–6	8.22 × 10^–6	–7.2 × 10^–9	2.55 × 10^–5	–0.00032
Intercept	–0.0006987	0.000163	0.000148375	4.27813 × 10^–8	5.89622 × 10^–5	7.01862 × 10^–5	1.57 × 10^–5	6.91 × 10^–5	0.000127	–0.00028	–0.0003	3.54 × 10^–6	4.17 × 10^–5	5.77 × 10^–5	6.21 × 10^–5	–9.6 × 10^–6	0.000125	6.39 × 10^–5	2 × 10^–5	0.000116	0.000207	0.017927	–0.00463	–0.00437	–1.4 × 10^–6	–0.00183	–0.00464
Walking Away	0.00019612	–0.00049	–0.000209668	1.08735 × 10^–9	9.87538 × 10^–6	2.2003 × 10^–5	–2.3 × 10^–5	1.72 × 10^–5	–3.3 × 10^–5	3.16 × 10^–6	9.41 × 10^–6	–6.6 × 10^–6	1.55 × 10^–5	7.91 × 10^–5	3.19 × 10^–6	–6.7 × 10^–5	–0.00012	–6 × 10^–6	2.21 × 10^–7	–6.4 × 10^–5	–8.4 × 10^–6	–0.00463	0.011345	0.005335	–1 × 10^–7	–6.7 × 10^–5	0.000204
Walking Away Plus	0.00016285	–0.00021	–0.000442601	3.6398 × 10^–9	1.97067 × 10^–5	–1.0454 × 10^–5	–1.9 × 10^–5	5.85 × 10^–5	–2.6 × 10^–5	0.00014	0.00015	5.64 × 10^–6	–3.2 × 10^–5	9.04 × 10^–6	8.29 × 10^–7	–4 × 10^–5	–0.00012	–4.3 × 10^–6	2.15 × 10^–5	–3.1 × 10^–5	8.22 × 10^–6	–0.00437	0.005335	0.011347	–1.1 × 10^–7	–0.00027	–8.7 × 10^–5
Step count at baseline	3.8957 × 10^–8	5.25 × 10^–9	6.29062 × 10^–9	–3.8561 × 10^–12	5.06603 × 10^–9	–8.8902 × 10^–9	1.45 × 10^–10	–1.1 × 10^–8	–1.1 × 10^–8	3.44 × 10^–9	4.97 × 10^–8	1.52 × 10^–10	–5.4 × 10^–9	–4 × 10^–9	–7.2 × 10^–9	1.99 × 10^–9	–1.1 × 10^–8	–6 × 10^–9	–3.2 × 10^–9	–7.3 × 10^–9	–7.2 × 10^–9	–1.4 × 10^–6	–1 × 10^–7	–1.1 × 10^–7	1.98 × 10^–10	–1.2 × 10^–7	1.36 × 10^–7
Cambridge	7.0941 × 10^–5	9.73 × 10^–6	1.47477 × 10^–5	3.08143 × 10^–9	–0.0003492	4.33316 × 10^–6	4.61 × 10^–6	–3 × 10^–5	6.39 × 10^–5	0.000145	5.66 × 10^–5	2.24 × 10^–6	2.51 × 10^–5	–2.4 × 10^–5	1.54 × 10^–6	2.55 × 10^–5	0.000149	–9.7 × 10^–6	6.16 × 10^–6	–5 × 10^–5	2.55 × 10^–5	–0.00183	–6.7 × 10^–5	–0.00027	–1.2 × 10^–7	0.008392	–0.00045
Female	0.00020359	–7.7 × 10^–6	8.56 × 10^–6	–6.1292 × 10^–9	2.11866 × 10^–5	–4.4878 × 10^–5	–3.7 × 10^–6	2.99 × 10^–5	–4.4 × 10^–5	0.000142	–0.00011	–8.6 × 10^–6	–2.9 × 10^–5	2.15 × 10^–5	7.59 × 10^–7	6.56 × 10^–5	4.36 × 10^–6	–4.4 × 10^–6	–9.3 × 10^–7	1.11 × 10^–5	–0.00032	–0.00464	0.000204	–8.7 × 10^–5	1.36 × 10^–7	–0.00045	0.007778

Regressions used to estimate step count at 4 years

TABLE 66

Mean effect (logit link function): step count at 4 years

	Coefficients	SE	97.5% CI
Intercept	–2.555	0.052	–2.671 to –2.438
Walking Away (Walking Away = 1, 0 otherwise)	–0.013	0.035	–0.091 to 0.066
Walking Away Plus (Walking Away Plus = 1, 0 otherwise)	0.005	0.039	–0.082 to 0.092
HbA_1c (%) at baseline	6.59E-05	7.76E-06	0 to 0
Cambridge (1 = Cambridge, 0 = Leicester)	1.24E-04	7.69E-06	0 to 0
White Irish (1 = White Irish, 0 = otherwise)	0.124	0.034	0.047 to 0.2
Any other white background (1 = any other white background, 0 = otherwise)	0.164	0.169	–0.215 to 0.542
White and black Caribbean (1 = White and black Caribbean, 0 = otherwise)	0.088	0.077	–0.086 to 0.262
White and black African (1 = White and black African, 0 = otherwise)	–0.481	0.314	–1.185 to 0.222
White and Asian (1 = White and Asian, 0 = otherwise)	–0.152	0.469	–1.202 to 0.898
Any other mixed race (1 = any other mixed race, 0 = otherwise)	–0.854	0.463	–1.892 to 0.183
Indian (1 = Indian, 0 = otherwise)	0.032	0.251	–0.53 to 0.594
Pakistani (1 = Pakistani, 0 = otherwise)	0.093	0.042	–0.002 to 0.187
Bangladeshi (1 = Bangladeshi, 0 = otherwise)	0.169	0.162	–0.193 to 0.532
Any other Asian background (1 = any other Asian background, 0 = otherwise)	0.413	0.355	–0.384 to 1.209
Chinese (1 = Chinese, 0 = otherwise)	–0.154	0.110	–0.401 to 0.093
Any other (1 = any other, 0 = otherwise)	0.053	0.209	–0.416 to 0.523
Black Caribbean (1 = black Caribbean, 0 = otherwise)	–0.100	0.285	–0.738 to 0.539
Black African (1 = black African, 0 = otherwise)	0.110	0.114	–0.144 to 0.365
Any other black background (1 = any other black background, 0 = otherwise)	0.169	0.097	–0.048 to 0.386
Female (1 = female, 0 otherwise)	0.136	0.259	–0.445 to 0.718

TABLE 67

Dispersion parameter (natural logarithm link function): step count at 4 years

	Coefficients	SE	97.5% CI
Intercept	3.594	0.143	3.274 to 3.914
Walking Away (Walking Away = 1, 0 otherwise)	0.029	0.113	–0.225 to 0.284
Walking Away Plus (Walking Away Plus = 1, 0 otherwise)	–0.358	0.114	–0.614 to –0.102
Steps per day at baseline	–4.23E-06	2.39E-05	0 to 0
Steps per day at 12 months	–6.07E-05	2.32E-05	0 to 0
Cambridge (1 = Cambridge site, 0 = otherwise)	0.072	0.098	–0.148 to 0.293
Female (1 = female, 0 otherwise)	0.480	0.094	0.269 to 0.691

TABLE 68

Covariance matrix: step count at 4 years

	Mean effect																					Dispersion
	Intercept	Walking Away	Walking Away Plus	HbA_1c (%) at baseline	Cambridge	White Irish	Any other white background	White and black Caribbean	White and black African	White and Asian	Any other mixed race	Indian	Pakistani	Bangladeshi	Any other Asian background	Chinese	Any other	Black Caribbean	Black African	Any other black background	Female	Intercept	Walking Away	Walking Away Plus	Step count at baseline	Step count at 12 months	Cambridge	Female
Intercept	2.72 × 10^–3	–4.51 × 10^–4	–3.81 × 10^–4	–1.21 × 10^–7	–8.53 × 10^–8	–4.30 × 10^–4	–1.18 × 10^–4	–4.02 × 10^–5	2.19 × 10^–4	–8.37 × 10^–4	1.89 × 10^–3	–3.53 × 10^–4	–6.61 × 10^–4	–7.74 × 10^–4	–4.04 × 10^–4	–2.27 × 10^–4	–7.24 × 10^–5	6.07 × 10^–5	–5.21 × 10^–4	–6.80 × 10^–4	–4.74 × 10^–4	–6.92 × 10^–4	–1.11 × 10^–3	2.53 × 10^–4	1.70 × 10^–4	4.45 × 10^–8	2.35 × 10^–8	9.10 × 10^–5
Walking Away	–4.51 × 10^–4	1.22 × 10^–3	5.81 × 10^–4	–1.21 × 10^–9	–1.65 × 10^–8	–9.18 × 10^–6	–4.76 × 10^–4	–7.72 × 10^–5	–3.70 × 10^–4	5.70 × 10^–4	8.50 × 10^–5	6.47 × 10^–5	4.21 × 10^–5	1.34 × 10^–4	–6.47 × 10^–4	5.68 × 10^–6	1.97 × 10^–4	6.15 × 10^–4	–1.13 × 10^–4	–1.55 × 10^–5	4.80 × 10^–4	1.33 × 10^–5	2.58 × 10^–4	–5.85 × 10^–4	–2.89 × 10^–4	–3.03 × 10^–9	4.09 × 10^–9	9.66 × 10^–6
Walking Away Plus	–3.81 × 10^–4	5.81 × 10^–4	1.51 × 10^–3	1.03 × 10^–8	–3.45 × 10^–8	–7.53 × 10^–6	–2.15 × 10^–4	–8.11 × 10^–7	–3.02 × 10^–4	5.55 × 10^–4	–8.19 × 10^–4	–4.02 × 10^–5	5.79 × 10^–5	–2.00 × 10^–4	5.21 × 10^–5	1.55 × 10^–4	1.27 × 10^–4	6.57 × 10^–4	1.10 × 10^–4	6.90 × 10^–5	3.25 × 10^–4	–5.30 × 10^–5	1.26 × 10^–4	–2.96 × 10^–4	–7.10 × 10^–4	–1.28 × 10^–10	1.75 × 10^–8	1.62 × 10^–5
HbA_1c (%) at baseline	–1.21 × 10^–7	–1.21 × 10^–9	1.03 × 10^–8	6.02 × 10^–11	–4.49 × 10^–11	–8.92 × 10^–9	–3.60 × 10^–8	–2.37 × 10^–8	2.33 × 10^–8	6.29 × 10^–8	–3.95 × 10^–7	5.84 × 10^–8	–6.19 × 10^–9	–2.79 × 10^–8	1.52 × 10^–7	1.47 × 10^–8	2.19 × 10^–8	2.48 × 10^–8	1.55 × 10^–8	–5.13 × 10^–9	1.83 × 10^–8	1.36 × 10^–8	4.56 × 10^–8	–3.06 × 10^–9	–2.42 × 10^–9	–1.80 × 10^–11	1.38 × 10^–11	4.92 × 10^–10
Cambridge	–8.53 × 10^–8	–1.65 × 10^–8	–3.45 × 10^–8	–4.49 × 10^–11	5.92 × 10^–11	–6.99 × 10^–9	2.32 × 10^–8	–8.30 × 10^–9	–3.19 × 10^–8	–4.53 × 10^–8	1.88 × 10^–7	–9.93 × 10^–8	8.19 × 10^–9	4.96 × 10^–8	–1.20 × 10^–7	–2.80 × 10^–8	–3.30 × 10^–8	–8.92 × 10^–8	–1.43 × 10^–8	1.21 × 10^–8	–7.61 × 10^–8	6.56 × 10^–9	1.98 × 10^–8	4.86 × 10^–9	1.28 × 10^–8	1.40 × 10^–11	–1.62 × 10^–11	7.20 × 10^–9
White Irish	–4.30 × 10^–4	–9.18 × 10^–6	–7.53 × 10^–6	–8.92 × 10^–9	–6.99 × 10^–9	1.16 × 10^–3	4.62 × 10^–4	4.21 × 10^–5	–9.55 × 10^–5	–6.03 × 10^–4	–4.35 × 10^–4	4.09 × 10^–4	5.26 × 10^–4	5.48 × 10^–4	5.66 × 10^–4	2.78 × 10^–4	–5.68 × 10^–4	–5.50 × 10^–4	5.66 × 10^–4	5.57 × 10^–4	5.85 × 10^–4	–4.27 × 10^–5	1.21 × 10^–4	1.43 × 10^–5	1.86 × 10^–5	–9.80 × 10^–10	5.33 × 10^–9	–4.41 × 10^–4
Any other white background	–1.18 × 10^–4	–4.76 × 10^–4	–2.15 × 10^–4	–3.60 × 10^–8	2.32 × 10^–8	4.62 × 10^–4	2.85 × 10^–2	3.88 × 10^–4	4.75 × 10^–4	–2.75 × 10^–4	4.05 × 10^–4	3.91 × 10^–4	4.94 × 10^–4	4.76 × 10^–4	7.74 × 10^–4	4.64 × 10^–4	3.76 × 10^–6	–1.34 × 10^–4	5.93 × 10^–4	5.33 × 10^–4	3.42 × 10^–4	–1.84 × 10^–4	6.96 × 10^–5	8.71 × 10^–5	5.38 × 10^–6	–6.60 × 10^–9	1.53 × 10^–9	–7.68 × 10^–5
White and black Caribbean	–4.02 × 10^–5	–7.72 × 10^–5	–8.11 × 10^–7	–2.37 × 10^–8	–8.30 × 10^–9	4.21 × 10^–5	3.88 × 10^–4	6.00 × 10^–3	3.62 × 10^–4	2.11 × 10^–4	5.70 × 10^–4	3.43 × 10^–4	3.19 × 10^–4	2.90 × 10^–4	3.47 × 10^–4	3.46 × 10^–4	2.96 × 10^–4	3.27 × 10^–4	3.40 × 10^–4	3.21 × 10^–4	3.45 × 10^–4	–6.19 × 10^–5	1.87 × 10^–5	–2.34 × 10^–5	–2.18 × 10^–5	–1.92 × 10^–9	2.89 × 10^–9	7.42 × 10^–6
White and black African	2.19 × 10^–4	–3.70 × 10^–4	–3.02 × 10^–4	2.33 × 10^–8	–3.19 × 10^–8	–9.55 × 10^–5	4.75 × 10^–4	3.62 × 10^–4	9.84 × 10^–2	–4.45 × 10^–5	5.27 × 10^–4	2.56 × 10^–4	2.09 × 10^–4	1.95 × 10^–4	6.39 × 10^–4	3.99 × 10^–4	3.20 × 10^–4	2.10 × 10^–4	3.28 × 10^–4	2.27 × 10^–4	1.20 × 10^–4	–3.63 × 10^–4	1.71 × 10^–4	–4.85 × 10^–5	–3.28 × 10^–5	2.96 × 10^–9	2.22 × 10^–8	–1.66 × 10^–5
White and Asian	–8.37 × 10^–4	5.70 × 10^–4	5.55 × 10^–4	6.29 × 10^–8	–4.53 × 10^–8	–6.03 × 10^–4	–2.75 × 10^–4	2.11 × 10^–4	–4.45 × 10^–5	2.20 × 10^–1	–2.38 × 10^–4	2.85 × 10^–4	1.14 × 10^–4	4.16 × 10^–5	–2.79 × 10^–4	5.61 × 10^–5	7.37 × 10^–4	9.70 × 10^–4	–4.23 × 10^–5	6.72 × 10^–5	3.25 × 10^–4	5.79 × 10^–4	7.73 × 10^–5	1.07 × 10^–4	1.24 × 10^–4	9.42 × 10^–9	–2.61 × 10^–8	–1.42 × 10^–4
Any other mixed race	1.89 × 10^–3	8.50 × 10^–5	–8.19 × 10^–4	–3.95 × 10^–7	1.88 × 10^–7	–4.35 × 10^–4	4.05 × 10^–4	5.70 × 10^–4	5.27 × 10^–4	–2.38 × 10^–4	2.14 × 10^–1	–5.51 × 10^–5	1.91 × 10^–5	2.59 × 10^–4	–1.03 × 10^–3	1.66 × 10^–4	4.98 × 10^–4	5.19 × 10^–4	–1.25 × 10^–4	–4.16 × 10^–5	1.10 × 10^–4	–4.72 × 10^–4	4.37 × 10^–5	3.55 × 10^–5	1.57 × 10^–4	–2.07 × 10^–8	–1.37 × 10^–8	3.68 × 10^–5
Indian	–3.53 × 10^–4	6.47 × 10^–5	–4.02 × 10^–5	5.84 × 10^–8	–9.93 × 10^–8	4.09 × 10^–4	3.91 × 10^–4	3.43 × 10^–4	2.56 × 10^–4	2.85 × 10^–4	–5.51 × 10^–5	6.29 × 10^–2	4.99 × 10^–4	4.54 × 10^–4	5.53 × 10^–4	3.88 × 10^–4	1.85 × 10^–4	2.77 × 10^–4	4.91 × 10^–4	4.90 × 10^–4	6.91 × 10^–4	1.87 × 10^–4	–2.07 × 10^–4	2.70 × 10^–5	1.87 × 10^–4	1.03 × 10^–7	–7.46 × 10^–8	1.02 × 10^–4
Pakistani	–6.61 × 10^–4	4.21 × 10^–5	5.79 × 10^–5	–6.19 × 10^–9	8.19 × 10^–9	5.26 × 10^–4	4.94 × 10^–4	3.19 × 10^–4	2.09 × 10^–4	1.14 × 10^–4	1.91 × 10^–5	4.99 × 10^–4	1.78 × 10^–3	5.85 × 10^–4	5.21 × 10^–4	4.19 × 10^–4	5.29 × 10^–5	6.77 × 10^–5	5.69 × 10^–4	5.85 × 10^–4	5.92 × 10^–4	6.72 × 10^–5	3.52 × 10^–5	9.38 × 10^–6	1.22 × 10^–5	–2.74 × 10^–9	2.34 × 10^–10	–3.04 × 10^–6
Bangladeshi	–7.74 × 10^–4	1.34 × 10^–4	–2.00 × 10^–4	–2.79 × 10^–8	4.96 × 10^–8	5.48 × 10^–4	4.76 × 10^–4	2.90 × 10^–4	1.95 × 10^–4	4.16 × 10^–5	2.59 × 10^–4	4.54 × 10^–4	5.85 × 10^–4	2.61 × 10^–2	3.51 × 10^–4	3.82 × 10^–4	2.27 × 10^–5	–4.89 × 10^–5	5.31 × 10^–4	5.87 × 10^–4	5.63 × 10^–4	6.15 × 10^–5	8.48 × 10^–5	3.59 × 10^–5	–3.38 × 10^–5	–1.08 × 10^–8	6.95 × 10^–9	1.60 × 10^–5
Any other Asian background	–4.04 × 10^–4	–6.47 × 10^–4	5.21 × 10^–5	1.52 × 10^–7	–1.20 × 10^–7	5.66 × 10^–4	7.74 × 10^–4	3.47 × 10^–4	6.39 × 10^–4	–2.79 × 10^–4	–1.03 × 10^–3	5.53 × 10^–4	5.21 × 10^–4	3.51 × 10^–4	1.26 × 10^–1	6.43 × 10^–4	–1.32 × 10^–5	–1.07 × 10^–4	7.89 × 10^–4	5.92 × 10^–4	4.02 × 10^–4	–3.79 × 10^–4	1.02 × 10^–4	1.00 × 10^–4	1.35 × 10^–5	–7.30 × 10^–9	–2.86 × 10^–9	–9.24 × 10^–5
Chinese	–2.27 × 10^–4	5.68 × 10^–6	1.55 × 10^–4	1.47 × 10^–8	–2.80 × 10^–8	2.78 × 10^–4	4.64 × 10^–4	3.46 × 10^–4	3.99 × 10^–4	5.61 × 10^–5	1.66 × 10^–4	3.88 × 10^–4	4.19 × 10^–4	3.82 × 10^–4	6.43 × 10^–4	1.21 × 10^–2	1.91 × 10^–4	2.72 × 10^–4	5.06 × 10^–4	4.37 × 10^–4	4.73 × 10^–4	–2.89 × 10^–4	5.16 × 10^–5	1.70 × 10^–6	–4.17 × 10^–5	4.55 × 10^–10	–9.53 × 10^–9	2.33 × 10^–5
Any other	–7.24 × 10^–5	1.97 × 10^–4	1.27 × 10^–4	2.19 × 10^–8	–3.30 × 10^–8	–5.68 × 10^–4	3.76 × 10^–6	2.96 × 10^–4	3.20 × 10^–4	7.37 × 10^–4	4.98 × 10^–4	1.85 × 10^–4	5.29 × 10^–5	2.27 × 10^–5	–1.32 × 10^–5	1.91 × 10^–4	4.39 × 10^–2	7.50 × 10^–4	2.08 × 10^–5	2.64 × 10^–5	1.52 × 10^–4	2.55 × 10^–5	1.53 × 10^–5	–9.37 × 10^–5	–3.85 × 10^–5	1.62 × 10^–8	–1.65 × 10^–8	–3.65 × 10^–6
Black Caribbean	6.07 × 10^–5	6.15 × 10^–4	6.57 × 10^–4	2.48 × 10^–8	–8.92 × 10^–8	–5.50 × 10^–4	–1.34 × 10^–4	3.27 × 10^–4	2.10 × 10^–4	9.70 × 10^–4	5.19 × 10^–4	2.77 × 10^–4	6.77 × 10^–5	–4.89 × 10^–5	–1.07 × 10^–4	2.72 × 10^–4	7.50 × 10^–4	8.10 × 10^–2	3.48 × 10^–5	2.56 × 10^–5	4.38 × 10^–4	–4.48 × 10^–5	1.53 × 10^–4	–1.11 × 10^–4	–1.18 × 10^–4	–4.60 × 10^–9	–1.29 × 10^–8	7.94 × 10^–5
Black African	–5.21 × 10^–4	–1.13 × 10^–4	1.10 × 10^–4	1.55 × 10^–8	–1.43 × 10^–8	5.66 × 10^–4	5.93 × 10^–4	3.40 × 10^–4	3.28 × 10^–4	–4.23 × 10^–5	–1.25 × 10^–4	4.91 × 10^–4	5.69 × 10^–4	5.31 × 10^–4	7.89 × 10^–4	5.06 × 10^–4	2.08 × 10^–5	3.48 × 10^–5	1.29 × 10^–2	5.99 × 10^–4	5.61 × 10^–4	–1.24 × 10^–4	7.85 × 10^–5	–1.14 × 10^–6	4.97 × 10^–7	–7.11 × 10^–9	1.08 × 10^–9	–3.12 × 10^–5
Any other black background	–6.80 × 10^–4	–1.55 × 10^–5	6.90 × 10^–5	–5.13 × 10^–9	1.21 × 10^–8	5.57 × 10^–4	5.33 × 10^–4	3.21 × 10^–4	2.27 × 10^–4	6.72 × 10^–5	–4.16 × 10^–5	4.90 × 10^–4	5.85 × 10^–4	5.87 × 10^–4	5.92 × 10^–4	4.37 × 10^–4	2.64 × 10^–5	2.56 × 10^–5	5.99 × 10^–4	9.40 × 10^–3	5.77 × 10^–4	4.03 × 10^–5	1.09 × 10^–4	–1.28 × 10^–5	3.38 × 10^–5	–3.44 × 10^–9	–7.30 × 10^–9	–1.91 × 10^–5
Female	–4.74 × 10^–4	4.80 × 10^–4	3.25 × 10^–4	1.83 × 10^–8	–7.61 × 10^–8	5.85 × 10^–4	3.42 × 10^–4	3.45 × 10^–4	1.20 × 10^–4	3.25 × 10^–4	1.10 × 10^–4	6.91 × 10^–4	5.92 × 10^–4	5.63 × 10^–4	4.02 × 10^–4	4.73 × 10^–4	1.52 × 10^–4	4.38 × 10^–4	5.61 × 10^–4	5.77 × 10^–4	6.73 × 10^–2	4.90 × 10^–5	1.20 × 10^–4	–3.95 × 10^–5	–7.95 × 10^–6	–5.53 × 10^–9	–6.87 × 10^–9	–6.85 × 10^–5
Intercept	–6.92 × 10^–4	1.33 × 10^–5	–5.30 × 10^–5	1.36 × 10^–8	6.56 × 10^–9	–4.27 × 10^–5	–1.84 × 10^–4	–6.19 × 10^–5	–3.63 × 10^–4	5.79 × 10^–4	–4.72 × 10^–4	1.87 × 10^–4	6.72 × 10^–5	6.15 × 10^–5	–3.79 × 10^–4	–2.89 × 10^–4	2.55 × 10^–5	–4.48 × 10^–5	–1.24 × 10^–4	4.03 × 10^–5	4.90 × 10^–5	9.54 × 10^–4	3.62 × 10^–4	7.88 × 10^–6	3.50 × 10^–5	–1.05 × 10^–8	–5.33 × 10^–9	3.94 × 10^–5
Walking Away	–1.11 × 10^–3	2.58 × 10^–4	1.26 × 10^–4	4.56 × 10^–8	1.98 × 10^–8	1.21 × 10^–4	6.96 × 10^–5	1.87 × 10^–5	1.71 × 10^–4	7.73 × 10^–5	4.37 × 10^–5	–2.07 × 10^–4	3.52 × 10^–5	8.48 × 10^–5	1.02 × 10^–4	5.16 × 10^–5	1.53 × 10^–5	1.53 × 10^–4	7.85 × 10^–5	1.09 × 10^–4	1.20 × 10^–4	3.62 × 10^–4	2.04 × 10^–2	–4.90 × 10^–3	–4.06 × 10^–3	–1.06 × 10^–6	–6.15 × 10^–7	–1.85 × 10^–3
Walking Away Plus	2.53 × 10^–4	–5.85 × 10^–4	–2.96 × 10^–4	–3.06 × 10^–9	4.86 × 10^–9	1.43 × 10^–5	8.71 × 10^–5	–2.34 × 10^–5	–4.85 × 10^–5	1.07 × 10^–4	3.55 × 10^–5	2.70 × 10^–5	9.38 × 10^–6	3.59 × 10^–5	1.00 × 10^–4	1.70 × 10^–6	–9.37 × 10^–5	–1.11 × 10^–4	–1.14 × 10^–6	–1.28 × 10^–5	–3.95 × 10^–5	7.88 × 10^–6	–4.90 × 10^–3	1.29 × 10^–2	6.00 × 10^–3	7.80 × 10^–9	–1.40 × 10^–7	–1.10 × 10^–4
Step count at baseline	1.70 × 10^–4	–2.89 × 10^–4	–7.10 × 10^–4	–2.42 × 10^–9	1.28 × 10^–8	1.86 × 10^–5	5.38 × 10^–6	–2.18 × 10^–5	–3.28 × 10^–5	1.24 × 10^–4	1.57 × 10^–4	1.87 × 10^–4	1.22 × 10^–5	–3.38 × 10^–5	1.35 × 10^–5	–4.17 × 10^–5	–3.85 × 10^–5	–1.18 × 10^–4	4.97 × 10^–7	3.38 × 10^–5	–7.95 × 10^–6	3.50 × 10^–5	–4.06 × 10^–3	6.00 × 10^–3	1.31 × 10^–2	9.44 × 10^–8	–3.14 × 10^–7	–2.58 × 10^–4
Step count at 12 months	4.45 × 10^–8	–3.03 × 10^–9	–1.28 × 10^–10	–1.80 × 10^–11	1.40 × 10^–11	–9.80 × 10^–10	–6.60 × 10^–9	–1.92 × 10^–9	2.96 × 10^–9	9.42 × 10^–9	–2.07 × 10^–8	1.03 × 10^–7	–2.74 × 10^–9	–1.08 × 10^–8	–7.30 × 10^–9	4.55 × 10^–10	1.62 × 10^–8	–4.60 × 10^–9	–7.11 × 10^–9	–3.44 × 10^–9	–5.53 × 10^–9	–1.05 × 10^–8	–1.06 × 10^–6	7.80 × 10^–9	9.44 × 10^–8	5.70 × 10^–10	–4.33 × 10^–10	–7.85 × 10^–8
Cambridge	2.35 × 10^–8	4.09 × 10^–9	1.75 × 10^–8	1.38 × 10^–11	–1.62 × 10^–11	5.33 × 10^–9	1.53 × 10^–9	2.89 × 10^–9	–2.22 × 10^–8	–2.61 × 10^–8	–1.37 × 10^–8	–7.46 × 10^–8	2.34 × 10^–10	6.95 × 10^–9	–2.86 × 10^–9	–9.53 × 10^–9	–1.65 × 10^–8	–1.29 × 10^–8	1.08 × 10^–9	–7.30 × 10^–9	–6.87 × 10^–9	–5.33 × 10^–9	–6.15 × 10^–7	–1.40 × 10^–7	–3.14 × 10^–7	–4.33 × 10^–10	5.38 × 10^–10	–8.12 × 10^–8
Female	9.10 × 10^–5	9.66 × 10^–6	1.62 × 10^–5	4.92 × 10^–10	7.20 × 10^–9	–4.41 × 10^–4	–7.68 × 10^–5	7.42 × 10^–6	–1.66 × 10^–5	–1.42 × 10^–4	3.68 × 10^–5	1.02 × 10^–4	–3.04 × 10^–6	1.60 × 10^–5	–9.24 × 10^–5	2.33 × 10^–5	–3.65 × 10^–6	7.94 × 10^–5	–3.12 × 10^–5	–1.91 × 10^–5	–6.85 × 10^–5	3.94 × 10^–5	–1.85 × 10^–3	–1.10 × 10^–4	–2.58 × 10^–4	–7.85 × 10^–8	–8.12 × 10^–8	9.65 × 10^–3

Copyright © 2021 Khunti et al. This work was produced by Khunti et al. under the terms of a commissioning contract issued by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care. This is an Open Access publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 4.0 licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaption in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. For attribution the title, original author(s), the publication source – NIHR Journals Library, and the DOI of the publication must be cited.

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Khunti K, Griffin S, Brennan A, et al. Behavioural interventions to promote physical activity in a multiethnic population at high risk of diabetes: PROPELS three-arm RCT. Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library; 2021 Dec. (Health Technology Assessment, No. 25.77.) Appendix 12, Regressions used to estimate diabetes diagnoses, step count and HbA1c in the School for Public Health Research model version 3.2.
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Regressions used to estimate diabetes diagnoses, step count and HbA1c in the Sch...
Regressions used to estimate diabetes diagnoses, step count and HbA1c in the School for Public Health Research model version 3.2 - Behavioural interventions to promote physical activity in a multiethnic population at high risk of diabetes: PROPELS three-arm RCT
PREDICTED: Mus musculus special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 (Satb1), tran...
PREDICTED: Mus musculus special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 (Satb1), transcript variant X3, mRNA
gi|1907123249|ref|XM_006523926.5|
Nucleotide
PREDICTED: Mus musculus special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 (Satb1), tran...
PREDICTED: Mus musculus special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 (Satb1), transcript variant X1, mRNA
gi|1907123245|ref|XM_006523924.4|
Nucleotide
DNA-binding protein SATB1 isoform 2 [Mus musculus]
DNA-binding protein SATB1 isoform 2 [Mus musculus]
gi|1274096018|ref|NP_001344565.1|
Protein

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