| Australia |
|---|
| Boscarato, 201484 | To explore consumer experience of crisis response service | Consumers of combined police and mental health services | Police Crisis Assessment and Treatment teams | None | Consumer experiences and opinions of the service(s) |
| Evangelista, 201685 | How consumers experience PACER | Consumers | A-PACER | None | Outcomes of contact with A-PACER, consumer experiences |
| aHerrington, 201486 | The impact of police training in mental health | Police officers | Mental health intervention training (similar system to CIT in USA) | Neighbouring sites to intervention areas | Interactions between police officers and people with mental ill health |
| aHollander, 201287 | How crisis mental health clinicians and police officers experience the service interface to identify perceived challenges to collaboration and possible solutions | Police and mental health service staff | Mobile psychiatric crisis assessment and treatment teams (work independently of police but responsive to police requests for shared management of people with mental ill health) | None | Frequency of contact, confidence in decision-making, experience of interface, knowledge and ability |
| aLee, 201588 | To evaluate an Australian, joint, police–mental health mobile response unit that aimed to improve the delivery of a community-based crisis response | Staff at Crisis and Intervention Treatment Centre and police officers | A-PACER | None | Reasons for and outcomes of following A-PACER referral, Police and Clinical Early Response clinician feedback |
| McKenna, 201589 | To describe the perceptions of major stakeholders on the ability of the N-PACER model to reduce behavioural escalation and improve the service utilisation by people in a mental health crisis | Consumer advisors as the voice of consumers, carer advisors as the voice of carers, mental health staff, emergency department staff, police officers and ambulance officers | N-PACER | Police-only teams | Challenge of PACER compared with police-only teams, collaboration, improvements to a person’s pathway, ways to improve PACER |
| Canada |
|---|
| Kirst, 201590 | To understand processes of implementation of a multisite mobile CIT programme in a large urban centre, to identify programme strengths and challenges and to identify levels of satisfaction in service delivery | Stakeholders within the health system and at the community, managerial, team and consumer levels | Mobile CIT | None | Programme satisfaction, programme strengths, challenges in implementation/service delivery |
| aKisely, 201091 | To examine the impact of an integrated mobile crisis team formed in partnership between mental health services, municipal police and emergency health services | Service recipients, family, front-line workers and referral sources | Integrated mobile crisis team | No service | Number of calls, number of visits, acceptability, availability and satisfaction with service |
| aLamanna, 201778 | Service user experiences of co-responding police and mental health programmes | Service users | Mobile CIT (police and MHPs) | Police-only teams | Response times, rates of service user injury, emergency department handover times, service user experiences |
| aSilverstone, 201392 | Evaluating the training of police officers who may interact with people with a psychiatric disorder | Police officers | Training police officers to interact with people with psychiatric disorders | None | Benefits and acceptance of training, satisfaction |
| Denmark |
|---|
| Sestoft, 201493 | Concept, process, practice and experience of the collaborative model known as PSP teams | Unclear | Collaboration between police department, social services and psychiatric/mental health services | None | Implementation, practice, process issues |
| USA |
|---|
| Canada, 201094 | To evaluate CIT | Police officers | CIT | None | Application of CIT skills and knowledge, diversion from arrest to mental health services, responses to calls, perceived impediments to implementation |
| Canada, 201295 | To assess differences between CIT-trained officers and non-CIT-trained officers | Police officers | CIT-trained officers | Non-CIT-trained officers | Assessment, response tactics, disposition |
| aCompton, 201796 | Stakeholders’ views on the accessibility of a prebooking jail diversion programme (CIT) | Patients, police officers (CIT-trained and non-CIT-trained), mental health administrators | Prebooking jail diversion (police and mental health linkage system) | None | Expectations about acceptability, concerns about system |
| Doulas, 201497 | A description of current programmes | Anyone involved in the programming of CIT for juveniles | J-CIT | None | Programme features and philosophy, programme jurisdiction, origins of J-CIT; training focus and topics, client characteristics, mechanisms of intervening in crisis situations, role of family participation services, obstacles to programme implementation, programme evaluation and future goals |
| Hanafi, 200898 | How does CIT training affect police officers’ interactions with individuals with mental ill health in their daily work? | Police officers | CIT | None | Knowledge and awareness of mental ill health, ability to recognise and respond, stereotyping and stigmatisation, empathy, patience, arrests and redirection |
| Hannig, 201563 | To determine the success of the Chicago Police Department’s CIT training and curriculum | Police officers | CIT | None | Officer views on individual aspects of training, such as different mental illnesses, risk assessment, legal issues |
| aKalinich, 201065 | To explore the role of MHPs partnered with the CIT programme | MHPs from CIT schemes | CIT | None | Perceptions and experiences |
| aKubiak, 201782 | Presents the countywide implementation of CIT, prevalence of officer interaction with persons with mental health issues and CIT training outcomes | Police officers | CIT | None | Knowledge and skills from training, officer opinions of psychiatric treatment, officer perceptions of mental ill health |
| McGriff, 201099 | To understand the application of CIT in an airport setting and to elicit suggestions for improvements to the CIT programme from the perspective of police officers stationed in an airport | Police officers | CIT at an international airport | None | Motivation for participation in CIT, perceived benefits of training, special issues relevant to an airport setting, areas for improvement specifically in an airport setting |
| aPrince, 201269 | The impact of CIT training on police officers | Police officers | CIT training | None | Dispositions, policies and protocol, professional awareness, skill set, training |
| Skubby, 2013100 | To better understand the challenges of CIT programmes | Law enforcement officers, community MHPs, system administrators, consumer advocates | CIT | None | Barriers to implementation, overcoming barriers to implementation, effects of implementation |
| aStewart, 200972 | A study of a police intervention in mental health crisis | Police officers | CIT | None | Implementation and management of the programme (qualitative data), number of calls received, response time, length of call, frequency of police intervention, perception of mental ill health, incident characteristics (quantitative outcomes) |
| aTully, 2015101 | To examine officer perception of preparedness after receiving CIT training | Police officers | CIT training | None | Perceptions of preparedness |
| Watson, 2008102 | To explore experiences of people with mental ill health and their encounters with police officers | Service users | CIT | None | Nature of police encounters, vulnerability and negative expectations of police, evaluation of police encounters, advice for police officers |
