Language limitations: English, French, German, Spanish and Dutch.
Date limitations: 1995–present.
Document limitations: include only RCTs, controlled clinical trials, controlled before-and-after studies and interrupted time series, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, observational studies.
Country limitations: high-income countries only.
Search terms
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| 1. Length of stay | Length of stay OR length of hospital stay OR length of hospitalisation OR length of hospitalization OR bed days OR hospital stay |
| 2. Interventions | Day surgery OR comprehensive geriatric assessment OR enhanced recovery OR short-acting anaesthetics OR discharge planning OR patient discharge OR case management OR care management OR early discharge OR hospital at home OR post-discharge care OR clinical pathway OR service (re)design OR home ward OR virtual ward OR staffing OR staff OR organisation OR organisational OR admissions OR follow-up OR discharged OR discharge OR model of care OR payment(s) OR contract(s) OR contracting OR commission(ing) OR procure(ment) OR fees OR incentive OR management OR managerial |
| 3. Settings | Hospital OR Primary care OR community care OR care home OR nurse care OR nursing care OR nursing home OR home care OR home OR outpatient OR secondary care OR clinic OR telecare OR tele care OR telemedicine OR telehealth OR intermediate care OR family practice OR general practitioner OR GP OR specialist physician OR specialist care OR social care OR local authority care OR long-term care |
| 4. Outcomes: general | Outcome OR impact OR efficiency OR effectiveness OR efficacy |
| a. Patient outcomes | OR Patient satisfaction OR patient experience OR patient preference OR quality of life OR patient health OR health status OR acceptability |
| b. Service outcomes | Quality of care OR safety OR emergency re(-)admissions OR re-admissions OR readmissions OR service utilisation OR service utilization OR waiting times OR waiting list OR outpatient attendance OR acceptability to clinicians OR bed occupancy OR utilisation rate OR utilization rate OR referral |
| c. Costs | Costs OR spending OR saving(s) OR expense OR economy OR cost-effectiveness OR spend OR cut OR expenditure |
The logic links between the different categories should be the following:
1 AND 2 AND 3 AND 4 AND 5 (general OR a OR b OR c)
Search terms should be found in the title or the abstract.
