Except where otherwise noted, this work is distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence (CC BY-NC-ND), a copy of which is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
Tran K, Coyle K, Jabr MF, et al. Drugs for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Comparative Efficacy, Safety, and Cost-Effectiveness [Internet]. Ottawa (ON): Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; 2015 Mar.
Drugs for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Comparative Efficacy, Safety, and Cost-Effectiveness [Internet].
Show details- 1.
- Chen YF, Jowett S, Barton P, Malottki K, Hyde C, Gibbs JS, et al. Clinical and cost-effectiveness of epoprostenol, iloprost, bosentan, sitaxsentan and sildenafil for pulmonary arterial hypertension within their licensed indications: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess [Internet] 2009 Oct;13(49):1–320. [cited 2014 Jul 30]; Available from: http://www
.journalslibrary .nihr.ac.uk/__data /assets/pdf_file /0016/65221/FullReport-hta13490.pdf. [PubMed: 19863849] - 2.
- Montani D, Günther S, Dorfmüller P, Perros F, Girerd B, Garcia G, et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension. Orphanet J Rare Dis [Internet] 2013 Jul 6;8(1):97. [cited 2014 Aug 20]; Available from: http://www
.ncbi.nlm.nih .gov/pmc/articles/PMC3750932. - 3.
- Moride Y, Abenhaim L, Xu J. Epidemiology of primary pulmonary hypertension. In: Rubin JL, Rich S, editors. Primary pulmonary hypertension. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc; 1997. pp. 163–178.
- 4.
- Hargett WC, Tapson VF. Classification of pulmonary hypertension. In: Hill S, Farber WH, editors. Pulmonary hypertension. Totowa (NJ): Humana Press; 2008. pp. 15–31.
- 5.
- Humbert M, Sitbon O, Chaouat A, Bertocchi M, Habib G, Gressin V, et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension in France: results from a national registry. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 May 1;173(9):1023–1030. [PubMed: 16456139]
- 6.
- Peacock AJ, Murphy NF, McMurray JJ, Caballero L, Stewart S. An epidemiological study of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2007 Jul;30(1):104–109. [PubMed: 17360728]
- 7.
- Frost AE, Badesch DB, Barst RJ, Benza RL, Elliott CG, Farber HW, et al. The changing picture of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension in the United States: how REVEAL differs from historic and non-US contemporary registries. Chest. 2011 Jan;139(1):128–137. [PubMed: 20558556]
- 8.
- McGoon MD, Benza RL, Escribano-Subias P, Jiang X, Miller DP, Peacock AJ, et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension: epidemiology and registries. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 Dec 24;62(25 Suppl):D51–D59. [PubMed: 24355642]
- 9.
- Ivy DD, Abman SH, Barst RJ, Berger RM, Bonnet D, Fleming TR, et al. Pediatric pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 Dec 24;62(25 Suppl):D117–D126. [PubMed: 24355636]
- 10.
- D'Alonzo GE, Barst RJ, Ayres SM, Bergofsky EH, Brundage BH, Detre KM, et al. Survival in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Results from a national prospective registry. Ann Intern Med. 1991 Sep 1;115(5):343–349. [PubMed: 1863023]
- 11.
- Moledina S, Hislop AA, Foster H, Schulze-Neick I, Haworth SG. Childhood idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: a national cohort study. Heart. 2010 Sep;96(17):1401–1406. [PubMed: 20406768]
- 12.
- Simonneau G, Gatzoulis MA, Adatia I, Celermajer D, Denton C, Ghofrani A, et al. Updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 Dec 24;62(25 Suppl):D34–D41. [PubMed: 24355639]
- 13.
- Wilkins MR. Pulmonary hypertension: the science behind the disease spectrum. Eur Respir Rev. 2012 Mar 1;21(123):19–26. [PMC free article: PMC9487470] [PubMed: 22379170]
- 14.
- Hopkins W, Rubin LJ. UpToDate [Internet]. Waltham (MA): UpToDate; Aug 20, 2013. [cited 2013 Sep 19]. Treatment of pulmonary hypertension in adults. c2005 - . Available from: www
.uptodate.com Subscription required. - 15.
- McAuley G. Impact of a provincial formulary funding decision for pulmonary arterial hypertension drugs on health care resource utilization [Internet]. Poster presented at: Evidence in Context; CADTH Symposium; 2013 May 5; St.John's, NL. 2013. [cited 2014 Oct 1]. Available from: http://www
.cadth.ca/en /events/cadth-symposium-archives /cadth-2013-sympos /poster-presentations. - 16.
- ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2000 -. Identifier NCT01178073, a study of first-line ambrisentan and tadalafil combination therapy in subjects with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (AMBITION). May, 2014. [cited 2014 Aug 27]. Available from: http:
//clinicaltrials .gov/show/NCT01178073. - 17.
- Zamanian RT, Scott V, Marlin C, Gomberg-Maitland M, Preston IR, Cuttica MJ. CONFRONT PAH - an interim analysis of CombinatiON up-FRONt Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension clinical trial [abstract] Am J Respir Crit Care Med [Internet] 2013 May 20;187:A3298. [cited 2014 Aug 27]; Available from: http://www
.atsjournals .org/doi/abs/10.1164 /ajrccm-conference .2013.187.1_MeetingAbstracts.A3298 (Presented at American Thoracic Society 2013 International Conference; 2013 May 17-22; Philadelphia, PA). - 18.
- Galie N, Olschewski H, Oudiz RJ, Torres F, Frost A, Ghofrani HA, et al. Ambrisentan for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: results of the ambrisentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, efficacy (ARIES) study 1 and 2. Circulation [Internet] 2008 Jun 10;117(23):3010–3019. [cited 2014 Sep 23]; Available from: http://circ
.ahajournals .org/cgi/reprint/117/23/3010. [PubMed: 18506008] - 19.
- Badesch DB, Tapson VF, McGoon MD, Brundage BH, Rubin LJ, Wigley FM, et al. Continuous intravenous epoprostenol for pulmonary hypertension due to the scleroderma spectrum of disease. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2000 Mar 21;132(6):425–434. [PubMed: 10733441]
- 20.
- Barst RJ, Rubin LJ, Long WA, McGoon MD, Rich S, Badesch DB, et al. A comparison of continuous intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin) with conventional therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med [Internet] 1996 Feb 1;334(5):296–302. [cited 2014 Aug 20]; Available from: http://www
.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10 .1056/NEJM199602013340504. [PubMed: 8532025] - 21.
- Rubin LJ, Badesch DB, Barst RJ, Galiè N, Black CM, Keogh A, et al. Bosentan therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med [Internet] 2002 Mar 21;346(12):896–903. [cited 2014 Sep 23]; Available from: http://www
.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10 .1056/NEJMoa012212. [PubMed: 11907289] - 22.
- Galie N, Beghetti M, Gatzoulis MA, Granton J, Berger RM, Lauer A, et al. Bosentan therapy in patients with Eisenmenger syndrome: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Circulation [Internet] 2006;114(1):48–54. [cited 2014 Oct 9]; Available from: http://circ
.ahajournals .org/content/114/1/48.full.pdf+html. [PubMed: 16801459] - 23.
- Channick RN, Simonneau G, Sitbon O, Robbins IM, Frost A, Tapson VF, et al. Effects of the dual endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan in patients with pulmonary hypertension: a randomised placebo-controlled study. Lancet. 2001 Oct 6;358(9288):1119–1123. [PubMed: 11597664]
- 24.
- Galie N, Badesch D, Oudiz R, Simonneau G, McGoon MD, Keogh AM, et al. Ambrisentan therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Aug 2;46(3):529–535. [PubMed: 16053970]
- 25.
- McLaughlin VV, Gaine SP, Barst RJ, Oudiz RJ, Bourge RC, Frost A, et al. Efficacy and safety of treprostinil: an epoprostenol analog for primary pulmonary hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2003 Feb;41(2):293–299. [PubMed: 12548091]
- 26.
- Rubenfire M, McLaughlin VV, Allen RP, Elliott G, Park MH, Wade M, et al. Transition from IV epoprostenol to subcutaneous treprostinil in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a controlled trial. Chest [Internet] 2007 Sep;132(3):757–763. [cited 2014 Oct 8]; Available from: http://journal
.publications .chestnet.org /data/Journals/CHEST/22060/757.pdf. [PubMed: 17400684] - 27.
- Rubin LJ, Mendoza J, Hood M, McGoon M, Barst R, Williams WB, et al. Treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension with continuous intravenous prostacyclin (epoprostenol). Results of a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 1990 Apr 1;112(7):485–491. [PubMed: 2107780]
- 28.
- Simonneau G, Barst RJ, Galie N, Naeije R, Rich S, Bourge RC, et al. Continuous subcutaneous infusion of treprostinil, a prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med [Internet] 2002 Mar 15;165(6):800–804. [cited 2014 Oct 16]; Available from: http://www
.atsjournals .org/doi/pdf/10.1164/ajrccm .165.6.2106079. [PubMed: 11897647] - 29.
- Barst RJ, Langleben D, Badesch D, Frost A, Lawrence EC, Shapiro S, et al. Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension with the selective endothelin-A receptor antagonist sitaxsentan. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006 May 16;47(10):2049–2056. [PubMed: 16697324]
- 30.
- Galie N, Ghofrani HA, Torbicki A, Barst RJ, Rubin LJ, Badesch D, et al. Sildenafil citrate therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med [Internet] 2005;353(20):2148–2157. [cited 2014 Sep 23]; Available from: http://www
.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10 .1056/NEJMoa050010. [PubMed: 16291984] - 31.
- Hiremath J, Thanikachalam S, Parikh K, Shanmugasundaram S, Bangera S, Shapiro L, et al. Exercise improvement and plasma biomarker changes with intravenous treprostinil therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension: a placebo-controlled trial. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010 Feb;29(2):137–149. [PubMed: 20022264]
- 32.
- Galie N, Rubin L, Hoeper M, Jansa P, Al-Hiti H, Meyer G, et al. Treatment of patients with mildly symptomatic pulmonary arterial hypertension with bosentan (EARLY study): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008 Jun 21;371(9630):2093–2100. [PubMed: 18572079]
- 33.
- Ghofrani HA, Galie N, Grimminger F, Grunig E, Humbert M, Jing ZC, et al. Riociguat for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2013 Jul 25;369(4):330–340. [PubMed: 23883378]
- 34.
- Galie N, Brundage BH, Ghofrani HA, Oudiz RJ, Simonneau G, Safdar Z, et al. Tadalafil therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation [Internet] 2009 Jun 9;119(22):2894–2904. [cited 2014 Nov 1]; Available from: http://circ
.ahajournals .org/content/119/22/2894 .full.pdf+html. - 35.
- Pulido T, Adzerikho I, Channick RN, Delcroix M, Galie N, Ghofrani AH. Macitentan and morbidity and mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(9):809–818. [PubMed: 23984728]
- 36.
- Zhuang Y, Jiang B, Gao H, Zhao W. Randomized study of adding tadalafil to existing ambrisentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Hypertens Res. 2014 Jun;37(6):507–512. [PubMed: 24646647]
- 37.
- McLaughlin VV, Badesch DB, Delcroix M, Fleming TR, Gaine SP, Galie N, et al. End points and clinical trial design in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009 Jun 30;54(1 Suppl):S97–S107. [PubMed: 19555863]
- 38.
- Savarese G, Paolillo S, Costanzo P, D'Amore C, Cecere M, Losco T, et al. Do changes of 6-minute walk distance predict clinical events in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension? A meta-analysis of 22 randomized trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012 Sep 25;60(13):1192–1201. [PubMed: 22995024]
- 39.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration [Internet]. Silver Spring (MD): FDA. FDA drug safety communication: FDA recommends against use of Revatio (sildenafil) in children with pulmonary hypertension. Aug 30, 2012. [cited 2014 Oct 3]. Available from: http://www
.fda.gov/drugs /drugsafety/ucm317123.htm. - 40.
- Statistics Canada [Internet]. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. Population by sex and age group, 2013. 2013 Nov 25; [cited 2014 Aug 20]; Available from: http://www
.statcan.gc .ca/tables-tableaux /sum-som/l01/cst01/demo10a-eng.htm. - 41.
- Frumkin LR. The pharmacological treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pharmacol Rev. 2012 Jul;64(3):583–620. [PubMed: 22659328]
- 42.
- Rich S, Dantzker DR, Ayres SM, Bergofsky EH, Brundage BH, Detre KM, et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension. A national prospective study. Ann Intern Med. 1987 Aug;107(2):216–223. [PubMed: 3605900]
- 43.
- Gomberg-Maitland M, Dufton C, Oudiz RJ, Benza RL. Compelling evidence of long-term outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension? A clinical perspective. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Mar 1;57(9):1053–1061. [PubMed: 21349396]
- 44.
- Kane GC, Maradit-Kremers H, Slusser JP, Scott CG, Frantz RP, McGoon MD. Integration of clinical and hemodynamic parameters in the prediction of long-term survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chest. 2011 Jun;139(6):1285–1293. [PubMed: 21071530]
- 45.
- Benza RL, Miller DP, Barst RJ, Badesch DB, Frost AE, McGoon MD. An evaluation of long-term survival from time of diagnosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension from the REVEAL Registry. Chest [Internet] 2012 Aug;142(2):448–456. [cited 2014 Aug 20]; Available from: http://journal
.publications .chestnet.org/article .aspx?articleid=1262338. [PubMed: 22281797] - 46.
- Benza RL, Miller DP, Gomberg-Maitland M, Frantz RP, Foreman AJ, Coffey CS, et al. Predicting survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension: insights from the Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-Term Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Disease Management (REVEAL). Circulation. 2010 Jul 13;122(2):164–172. [PubMed: 20585012]
- 47.
- PrOpsumit™ (macitentan) 10 mg film-coated tablet [product monograph]. Laval (QC): Actelion Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc; Nov 1, 2013.
- 48.
- PrAdempas® (riociguat) film-coated tablet 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 1.5 mg, 2 mg, 2.5 mg professed standard soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator [product monograph]. Toronto: Bayer Inc; Mar 4, 2014.
- 49.
- Galie N, Corris PA, Frost A, Girgis RE, Granton J, Jing ZC, et al. Updated treatment algorithm of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 Dec 24;62(25 Suppl):D60–D72. [PubMed: 24355643]
- 50.
- Borrie AE, Ostrow DN, Levy RD, Swiston JR. Assessing response to therapy in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: a consensus survey of Canadian pulmonary hypertension physicians. Can Respir J [Internet] 2011 Jul;18(4):230–234. [cited 2014 Sep 19]; Available from: http://www
.ncbi.nlm.nih .gov/pmc/articles/PMC3205105. [PMC free article: PMC3205105] [PubMed: 22059182] - 51.
- Epoprostenal sodium 0.5 or 1.5 mg per vial [product monograph]. Mississauga (ON): GlaxoSmithKline Inc; Nov 11, 2011. PrFlolanâ for injection.
- 52.
- PrRemodulin® (treprostinil sodium) injection, 1.0, 2.5 ,5.0 and 10.0 mg/mL of treprostinil [product monograph]. Research Triangle Park (NC): United Therapeutics Corporation; Sep 25, 2008.
- 53.
- PrVolibris® (ambrisentan) 5 mg and 10 mg tablets endothelin receptor antagonist [product monograph]. Toronto: Eli Lilly Canada Inc; Jan 3, 2013.
- 54.
- PrTracleer® (bosentan) monohydrate (film coated) tablet. Bosentan 62.5, 125 mg [product monograph]. Allschwil (Switzerland): Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd; Jun 27, 2011.
- 55.
- PrRevatio® (sildenafil) 20 mg tablets (as sildenafil citrate). Sildendafil solution for injection 0.8 mg/mL (as sildenafil citrate). cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor [product monograph]. Kirkland (QC): Pfizer Canada Inc; Jun 8, 2012.
- 56.
- PrAdcirca® (tadalafil) 20 mg tablet cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor [product monograph]. Toronto: Eli Lilly Canada Inc; Jan 3, 2013.
- 57.
- Health Canada. Summary basis of decision (SBD): Adempas [Internet]. Ottawa: Health Canada, Health Products and Food Branch; Dec 10, 2013. [cited 2014 Jul 7]. Available from: http://www
.hc-sc.gc.ca /dhp-mps/prodpharma /sbd-smd/drug-med/sbd _smd_2013_adempas_162761-eng.php. - 58.
- Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions [Internet]. Version 5.1.0. Oxford, United Kingdom: The Cochrane Collaboration; Mar, 2011. [cited 2014 Apr 28]. Available from: http://www
.cochrane-handbook.org. - 59.
- Wiebe N, Vandermeer B, Platt RW, Klassen TP, Moher D, Barrowman NJ. A systematic review identifies a lack of standardization in methods for handling missing variance data. J Clin Epidemiol. 2006 Apr;59(4):342–353. [PubMed: 16549255]
- 60.
- Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003 Sep 6;327(7414):557–560. [PMC free article: PMC192859] [PubMed: 12958120]
- 61.
- Lunn DJ, Thomas A, Best N, Spiegelhalter D. WinBUGS -- a Bayesian modelling framework: concepts, structure, and extensibility. Stat Comput [Internet] 2000;10:325–337. [cited 2014 Jun 17]; Available from: http://www
.panic-lab .rutgers.edu/users/kkonst /Papers_03_10_05/content.asp.pdf. - 62.
- Dias S, Welton NJ, Sutton AJ, Ades AE. NICE DSU technical support document 2: a generalised linear modelling framework for pairwise and network meta-anlysis of randomised controlled trials [Internet]. Sheffield (UK): National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Decision Support Unit; Aug, 2011. updated 2014 Apr. [cited 2014 Apr 22]. Available from: http://www
.nicedsu.org .uk/TSD2%20General %20meta%20analysis%20corrected %2015April2014.pdf. [PubMed: 27466657] - 63.
- Turner RM, Davey J, Clarke MJ, Thompson SG, Higgins JP. Predicting the extent of heterogeneity in meta-analysis, using empirical data from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Int J Epidemiol [Internet] 2012 Jun;41(3):818–827. [cited 2014 May 14]; Available from: http://www
.ncbi.nlm.nih .gov/pmc/articles/PMC3396310. [PMC free article: PMC3396310] [PubMed: 22461129] - 64.
- Dias S, Welton NJ, Sutton AJ, Ades AE. NICE DSU technical support document 5: evidence synthesis in the baseline natural history model [Internet]. Sheffield (UK): National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Decision Support Unit; Aug, 2011. updated 2012 Apr. [cited 2014 Jun 17]. Available from: http://www
.nicedsu.org .uk/TSD5%20Baseline .final%20report.08.05.12.pdf. [PubMed: 27466660] - 65.
- Thenappan T, Ryan JJ, Archer SL. Evolving epidemiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med [Internet] 2012 Oct 15;186(8):707–709. [cited 2014 Jul 10]; Available from: http://www
.ncbi.nlm.nih .gov/pmc/articles/PMC3480514/ [PMC free article: PMC3480514] [PubMed: 23071187] - 66.
- Thenappan T, Shah SJ, Rich S, Tian L, Archer SL, Gomberg-Maitland M. Survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a reappraisal of the NIH risk stratification equation. Eur Respir J. 2010 May;35(5):1079–1087. [PMC free article: PMC8782564] [PubMed: 20032020]
- 67.
- Statistics Canada [Internet]. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. Life tables, Canada, provinces and territories: 2007 to 2009. Mar 12, 2013. [cited 2014 Jul 10]. Available from: http://www
.statcan.gc .ca/pub/84-537-x/84-537-x2013003-eng .htm. - 68.
- Ling Y, Johnson MK, Kiely DG, Condliffe R, Elliot CA, Gibbs JS, et al. Changing demographics, epidemiology, and survival of incident pulmonary arterial hypertension: results from the pulmonary hypertension registry of the United Kingdom and Ireland. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 Oct 15;186(8):790–796. [PubMed: 22798320]
- 69.
- Bank of Canada [Internet]. Ottawa: Bank of Canada. Inflation calculator. 2014. [cited 2014 Apr 1]. Available from: http://www
.bankofcanada .ca/rates/related /inflation-calculator/ - 70.
- Einarson TR, Granton JT, Vicente C, Walker J, Engel G, Iskedjian M. Cost-effectiveness of treprostinil versus epoprostenol in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a Canadian analysis. Can Respir J. 2005 Nov;12(8):419–425. [PubMed: 16331313]
- 71.
- Saskatchewan online formulary database [Internet]. Regina: Government of Saskatchewan; 2014. [cited 2014 Jul 10]. Drug Plan and Extended Benefits Branch. Available from: http://formulary
.drugplan .health.gov.sk.ca/ - 72.
- Badesch DB, Raskob GE, Elliott CG, Krichman AM, Farber HW, Frost AE, et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension: baseline characteristics from the REVEAL Registry. Chest. 2010 Feb;137(2):376–387. [PubMed: 19837821]
- 73.
- Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care [Internet]. Toronto: OMHLTC. Ontario Health Insurance (OHIP) schedule of benefits and fees: schedule of benefits for laboratory services. May 30, 2013. [cited 2014 May 1]. Available from: http://www
.health.gov .on.ca/english/providers /program/ohip/sob/lab/lab_mn.html. - 74.
- Home oxygen therapy: policy and administration manual [Internet]. Toronto: Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care; Apr, 2014. [cited 2014 Jul 10]. Assistive Devices Program. Available from: http://www
.health.gov .on.ca/en/pro/programs /adp/policies_procedures_manuals /docs/home_oxygen_manual .pdf. - 75.
- Ontario Case Costing Initiative [Internet]. Toronto: OCCI. Costing analysis (CAT) tool. Apr, 2013. [cited 2014 May 1]. Available from: http://www
.occp.com/mainPage.htm. - 76.
- Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care [Internet]. Toronto: OMHLTC. Schedule of benefits for physician services under the Health Insurance Act. May 1, 2014. [cited 2014 May 1]. Available from: http://www
.health.gov .on.ca/english/providers /program/ohip/sob /physserv/physserv_mn.html. - 77.
- McLaughlin VV, Shillington A, Rich S. Survival in primary pulmonary hypertension: the impact of epoprostenol therapy. Circulation. 2002 Sep 17;106(12):1477–1482. [PubMed: 12234951]
- 78.
- Drabinski A, Williams G, Formica C. PID7: observational evaluation of health state utilities among a cohort of sepsis patients [abstract] Value Health. 2001;4(2):130.
- 79.
- Letarte J, Longo CJ, Pelletier J, Nabonne B, Fisher HN. Patient characteristics and costs of severe sepsis and septic shock in Quebec. J Crit Care. 2002 Mar;17(1):39–49. [PubMed: 12040548]
- 80.
- Keogh AM, McNeil KD, Wlodarczyk J, Gabbay E, Williams TJ. Quality of life in pulmonary arterial hypertension: improvement and maintenance with bosentan. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2007;26(2):181–187. [PubMed: 17258153]
- 81.
- Highland KB, Strange C, Mazur J, Simpson KN. Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: a preliminary decision analysis. Chest [Internet] 2003 Dec;124(6):2087–2092. [cited 2014 Jul 10]; Available from: http://journal
.publications .chestnet.org /data/Journals/CHEST/22001/2087.pdf. [PubMed: 14665484] - 82.
- Roman A, Barbera JA, Escribano P, Sala ML, Febrer L, Oyaguez I, et al. Cost effectiveness of prostacyclins in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2012 May 1;10(3):175–188. [PubMed: 22452448]
- 83.
- Macchia A, Marchioli R, Marfisi R, Scarano M, Levantesi G, Tavazzi L, et al. A meta-analysis of trials of pulmonary hypertension: a clinical condition looking for drugs and research methodology. Am Heart J. 2007;153(6):1037–1047. [PubMed: 17540207]
- 84.
- Galie N, Manes A, Negro L, Palazzini M, Bacchi-Reggiani ML, Branzi A. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J [Internet] 2009 Feb;30(4):394–403. [cited 2013 Oct 9]; Available from: http://www
.ncbi.nlm.nih .gov/pmc/articles /PMC2642921/pdf/ehp022.pdf. [PMC free article: PMC2642921] [PubMed: 19155250] - 85.
- Frost AE, Badesch DB, Miller DP, Benza RL, Meltzer LA, McGoon MD. Evaluation of the predictive value of a clinical worsening definition using 2-year outcomes in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a REVEAL Registry Analysis. Chest. 2013 Nov 1;144(5):1521–1529. [PubMed: 23907471]
- 86.
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Letairis (ambrisentan) Tablets, Company: Gilead Sciences, Inc., Application No.: 022081, Approval Date: 06/15/2007. Rockville (MD): FDA; Jun 15, 2013. [cited 2013 Nov 8]. Medical review(s) [Internet] (FDA drug approval package). Available from: http://www
.accessdata .fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs /nda/2007/022081s000TOC.cfm. - 87.
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Opsumit (macitentan) Tablets, Company: Actelion Pharmaceuticals, Application No.: 204410, Approval Date: 18/10/2013. Rockville (MD): FDA: Oct 15, 2013. [cited 2014 Jun 5]. Medical review(s) [Internet] (FDA drug approval package). Available from: http://www
.accessdata .fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs /nda/2013/204410Orig1s000TOC.cfm. - 88.
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Remodulin (treprostinil sodium) Injection, Company: United Therapeutics Corporation, Application No.: 21-272, Approval Date: 5/21/02. Rockville (MD): FDA; May 21, 2002. [cited 2013 Nov 7]. Medical review(s) [Internet] (FDA drug approval package). Available from: http://www
.accessdata .fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs /nda/2002/21-272_Remodulin.cfm. - 89.
- Mehta S, Channick R, Delcroix M, Galie N, Ghofrani AH. Macitentan improves health-related quality of life in pulmonary arterial hypertension: results from the randomized controlled SERAPHIN Trial [abstract] Am J Respir Crit Care Med [Internet] 2013 May 20;187:A3269. [cited 2014 Jan 21]; Available from: http://www
.atsjournals .org/doi/abs/10.1164 /ajrccm-conference .2013.187.1_MeetingAbstracts.A3269 (Presented at American Thoracic Society 2013 International Conference; 2013 May 17-22; Philadelphia, PA). - 90.
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Tracleer (bosentan) Tablets, Company: Actelion, Ltd, Application No.: 21-290, Approval Date: 11/20/2001. Rockville (MD): FDA; Nov 20, 2001. [cited 2013 Nov 8]. Medical review(s) [Internet] (FDA drug approval package). Available from: http://www
.accessdata .fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs /nda/2001/21-290_Tracleer.cfm. - 91.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA briefing document for the Cardiovascular and Renal Drugs Advisory Committee (CRDAC). NDA 204819. Sponsor: Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Drug: Adempas (riociguat) tablets [Internet]. Rockville (MD): FDA; Aug 6, 2013. [cited 2013 Nov 7]. Available from: http://www
.fda.gov/downloads /AdvisoryCommittees /CommitteesMeetingMaterials /Drugs /CardiovascularandRenalDrugsAdvisoryCommittee/UCM363541.pdf. - 92.
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Adcirca (tadalafil) 20 mg Tablets, Company: Eli Lilly and Company, Application No.: 022332, Approval Date: 5/22/2009. Rockville (MD): FDA: May 22, 2009. [cited 2013 Nov 8]. Medical review(s) [Internet] (FDA drug approval package). Available from: http://www
.accessdata .fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs /nda/2009/022332_adcirca_toc.cfm. - 93.
- Fox BD, Shimony A, Langleben D. Meta-analysis of monotherapy versus combination therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 2011 Oct 15;108(8):1177–1182. [PubMed: 21864815]
- 94.
- Bergot E, Sitbon O, Cottin V, Prevot G, Canuet M, Bourdin A, et al. Current epoprostenol use in patients with severe idiopathic, heritable or anorexigen-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: data from the French pulmonary hypertension registry. Int J Cardiol. 2014 Apr 1;172(3):561–567. [PubMed: 24529947]
- 95.
- Sitbon O, Jais X, Savale L, Cottin V, Bergot E, Macari EA, et al. Upfront triple combination therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a pilot study. Eur Respir J. 2014 Jun;43(6):1691–1697. [PubMed: 24627535]
- 96.
- Kemp K, Savale L, O'Callaghan DS, Jaïs X, Montani D, Humbert M, et al. Usefulness of first-line combination therapy with epoprostenol and bosentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension: an observational study. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2012 Feb;31(2):150–158. [PubMed: 22138355]
- 97.
- Keogh A, Strange G, Kotlyar E, Williams T, Kilpatrick D, MacDonald P, et al. Survival after the initiation of combination therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: an Australian collaborative report. Intern Med J. 2011 Mar;41(3):235–244. [PubMed: 21118410]
- 98.
- D'Alto M, Romeo E, Argiento P, Sarubbi B, Santoro G, Grimaldi N, et al. Bosentan-sildenafil association in patients with congenital heart disease-related pulmonary arterial hypertension and Eisenmenger physiology. Int J Cardiol. 2012 Mar 22;155(3):378–382. [PubMed: 21081251]
- 99.
- Jacobs W, Boonstra A, Marcus JT, Postmus PE, Vonk-Noordegraaf A. Addition of prostanoids in pulmonary hypertension deteriorating on oral therapy. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2009 Mar;28(3):280–284. [PubMed: 19285621]
- 100.
- Benza RL, Rayburn BK, Tallaj JA, Pamboukian SV, Bourge RC. Treprostinil-based therapy in the treatment of moderate-to-severe pulmonary arterial hypertension: long-term efficacy and combination with bosentan. Chest [Internet] 2008 Jul;134(1):139–145. [cited 2014 Jul 30]; Available from: http://journal
.publications .chestnet.org /data/Journals/CHEST /22074/zcb00708000139.pdf. [PubMed: 18403673] - 101.
- Ruiz MJ, Escribano P, Delgado JF, Jiménez C, Tello R, Gómez MA, et al. Efficacy of sildenafil as a rescue therapy for patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension and given long-term treatment with prostanoids: 2-year experience. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2006;25(11):1353–1357. [PubMed: 17097500]
- 102.
- Bonner N, Abetz L, Meunier J, Sikirica M, Mathai SC. Development and validation of the living with pulmonary hypertension questionnaire in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. Health Qual Life Outcomes [Internet] 2013;11:161. [cited 2014 Aug 20]; Available from: http://www
.ncbi.nlm.nih .gov/pmc/articles /PMC3852970/pdf/1477-7525-11-161.pdf. [PMC free article: PMC3852970] [PubMed: 24088389] - 103.
- Miyamoto S, Nagaya N, Satoh T, Kyotani S, Sakamaki F, Fujita M, et al. Clinical correlates and prognostic significance of six-minute walk test in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Comparison with cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Feb;161(2 Pt 1):487–492. [PubMed: 10673190]
- 104.
- McLaughlin VV, Presberg KW, Doyle RL, Abman SH, McCrory DC, Fortin T, et al. Prognosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2004 Jul;126(1 Suppl):78S–92S. [PubMed: 15249497]
- 105.
- Hoeper MM, Oudiz RJ, Peacock A, Tapson VF, Haworth SG, Frost AE, et al. End points and clinical trial designs in pulmonary arterial hypertension: clinical and regulatory perspectives. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004 Jun 16;43(12 Suppl S):48S–55S. [PubMed: 15194178]
- 106.
- Rasekaba T, Lee AL, Naughton MT, Williams TJ, Holland AE. The six-minute walk test: a useful metric for the cardiopulmonary patient. Intern Med J. 2009 Aug;39(8):495–501. [PubMed: 19732197]
- 107.
- De Feo S, Tramarin R, Lorusso R, Faggiano P. Six-minute walking test after cardiac surgery: instructions for an appropriate use. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2009 Apr;16(2):144–149. [PubMed: 19378394]
- 108.
- Guyatt GH, Pugsley SO, Sullivan MJ, Thompson PJ, Berman L, Jones NL, et al. Effect of encouragement on walking test performance. Thorax. 1984 Nov;39(11):818–822. [PMC free article: PMC459930] [PubMed: 6505988]
- 109.
- Oudiz RJ, Barst RJ, Hansen JE, Sun XG, Garofano R, Wu X, et al. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and six-minute walk correlations in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 2006 Jan 1;97(1):123–126. [PubMed: 16377296]
- 110.
- Gilbert C, Brown MC, Cappelleri JC, Carlsson M, McKenna SP. Estimating a minimally important difference in pulmonary arterial hypertension following treatment with sildenafil. Chest [Internet] 2009 Jan;135(1):137–142. [cited 2014 Jul 14]; Available from: http://journal
.publications .chestnet.org/article .aspx?articleid=1089580. [PubMed: 18812447] - 111.
- Mathai SC, Puhan MA, Lam D, Wise RA. The minimal important difference in the 6-minute walk test for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med [Internet] 2012 Sep 1;186(5):428–433. [cited 2014 Aug 20]; Available from: http://www
.ncbi.nlm.nih .gov/pmc/articles /PMC3443803/pdf/AJRCCM1865428.pdf. [PMC free article: PMC3443803] [PubMed: 22723290] - 112.
- Fritz JS, Blair C, Oudiz RJ, Dufton C, Olschewski H, Despain D, et al. Baseline and follow-up 6-min walk distance and brain natriuretic peptide predict 2-year mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chest. 2013 Feb 1;143(2):315–323. [PMC free article: PMC4694187] [PubMed: 22814814]
- 113.
- Gabler NB, French B, Strom BL, Palevsky HI, Taichman DB, Kawut SM, et al. Validation of 6-minute walk distance as a surrogate end point in pulmonary arterial hypertension trials. Circulation [Internet] 2012 Jul 17;126(3):349–356. [cited 2014 Aug 20]; Available from: http://circ
.ahajournals .org/content/126/3/349.full.pdf+html. [PMC free article: PMC4237273] [PubMed: 22696079] - 114.
- Peacock AJ, Naeije R, Galie N, Rubin L. End-points and clinical trial design in pulmonary arterial hypertension: have we made progress? Eur Respir J. 2009 Jul;34(1):231–242. [PubMed: 19567606]
- 115.
- Ventetuolo CE, Benza RL, Peacock AJ, Zamanian RT, Badesch DB, Kawut SM. Surrogate and combined end points in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2008 Jul;5(5):617–622. [PubMed: 18625754]
- 116.
- Rubin L, Gaile N, Badesch D, Oudiz R, Simonneau G, McGoon M, et al. Ambrisentan improves exercise capacity and clinical measures in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) [abstract] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;169(7 Suppl):A210.
- 117.
- Kendrick KR, Baxi SC, Smith RM. Usefulness of the modified 0-10 Borg scale in assessing the degree of dyspnea in patients with COPD and asthma. J Emerg Nurs. 2000 Jun;26(3):216–222. [PubMed: 10839848]
- 118.
- Belman MJ, Brooks LR, Ross DJ, Mohsenifar Z. Variability of breathlessness measurement in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chest. 1991 Mar;99(3):566–571. [PubMed: 1899818]
- 119.
- Mador MJ, Rodis A, Magalang UJ. Reproducibility of Borg scale measurements of dyspnea during exercise in patients with COPD. Chest. 1995 Jun;107(6):1590–1597. [PubMed: 7781352]
- 120.
- EuroQol -- a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. The EuroQol Group. Health Policy. 1990 Dec;16(3):199–208. [PubMed: 10109801]
- 121.
- Sinnott PL, Joyce VR, Barnett PG. Guidebook [Internet]. Menlo Park (CA): Health Economics Resource Center (HERC); Mar, 2007. [cited 2014 Apr 22]. Preference measurement in economic analysis. Available from: http://www
.herc.research .va.gov/files/BOOK_419.pdf. - 122.
- Taichman DB, McGoon MD, Harhay MO, Archer-Chicko C, Sager JS, Murugappan M, et al. Wide variation in clinicians' assessment of New York Heart Association/World Health Organization functional class in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009 Jul;84(7):586–592. [PMC free article: PMC2704130] [PubMed: 19567712]
- 123.
- Paciocco G, Martinez FJ, Bossone E, Pielsticker E, Gillespie B, Rubenfire M. Oxygen desaturation on the six-minute walk test and mortality in untreated primary pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2001 Apr;17(4):647–652. [PubMed: 11401059]
- 124.
- American Thoracic Society. ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Jul 1;166(1):111–117. [PubMed: 12091180]
- 125.
- Kadikar A, Maurer J, Kesten S. The six-minute walk test: a guide to assessment for lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1997 Mar;16(3):313–319. [PubMed: 9087875]
- 126.
- Frost AE, Langleben D, Oudiz R, Hill N, Horn E, McLaughlin V, et al. The 6-min walk test (6MW) as an efficacy endpoint in pulmonary arterial hypertension clinical trials: demonstration of a ceiling effect. Vascul Pharmacol. 2005;43(1):36–39. [PubMed: 15890561]
- 127.
- Crisafulli E, Clini EM. Measures of dyspnea in pulmonary rehabilitation. Multidiscip Respir Med [Internet] 2010;5(3):202–210. [cited 2014 Aug 20]; Available from: http://www
.ncbi.nlm.nih .gov/pmc/articles/PMC3463047. [PMC free article: PMC3463047] [PubMed: 22958431] - 128.
- Brooks R. EuroQol: the current state of play. Health Policy. 1996 Jul;37(1):53–72. [PubMed: 10158943]
- 129.
- Punekar YS, Rodriguez-Roisin R, Sculpher M, Jones P, Spencer M. Implications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on patients' health status: a western view. Respir Med. 2007 Mar;101(3):661–669. [PubMed: 17197164]
- 130.
- Ware JE, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care. 1992 Jun;30(6):473–483. [PubMed: 1593914]
- 131.
- Chen H, Taichman DB, Doyle RL. Health-related quality of life and patient-reported outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Proc Am Thorac Soc [Internet] 2008 Jul 15;5(5):623–630. [cited 2014 Aug 20]; Available from: http://www
.ncbi.nlm.nih .gov/pmc/articles/PMC2645237. [PMC free article: PMC2645237] [PubMed: 18625755] - 132.
- Chua R, Keogh AM, Byth K, O'Loughlin A. Comparison and validation of three measures of quality of life in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Intern Med J. 2006 Nov;36(11):705–710. [PubMed: 17040356]
- 133.
- Hays RD, Morales LS. The RAND-36 measure of health-related quality of life. Ann Med. 2001 Jul;33(5):350–357. [PubMed: 11491194]
- 134.
- Samsa G, Edelman D, Rothman ML, Williams GR, Lipscomb J, Matchar D. Determining clinically important differences in health status measures: a general approach with illustration to the Health Utilities Index Mark II. PharmacoEconomics. 1999 Feb;15(2):141–155. [PubMed: 10351188]
- 135.
- Humbert MJC, Gallie N, Ghofrani HA, Jansa P, Keogh AM, Langleben D, et al. Efficacy of riociguat in pretreated versus treatment naive patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in the phase III Patent-1 study [abstract] Am J Resp Crit Care Med [Internet] 2013 May 20;187:A3534. [cited 2013 Dec 9]; Available from: http://www
.atsjournals .org/doi/abs/10.1164 /ajrccm-conference .2013.187.1_MeetingAbstracts.A3534 (Presented at American Thoracic Society 2013 International Conference; 2013 May 17-22; Philadelphia, PA). - 136.
- Jing Z-C, Galie N, Ghofrani HA, Humbert M, Langleben D, Rubin LJ, et al. Comparison of hemodynamic parameters in treatment-naive and pretreated patients with pulmonary artierial hypertension (PAH) in the Phase III PATENT-1 study [abstract] Eur Heart J [Internet] 2013 Aug 31;34(Suppl 1):P323. [cited 2013 Dec 4]; Available from: http://eurheartj
.oxfordjournals .org/content/34/suppl_1/P323 (Presented at ESC Congress 2013; 2013 Aug 31 - Sep 4 ; Amsterdam, Netherlands). - 137.
- Humbert M, Barst RJ, Robbins IM, Channick RN, Galie N, Boonstra A, et al. Combination of bosentan with epoprostenol in pulmonary arterial hypertension: BREATHE-2. Eur Respir J [Internet] 2004;24(3):353–359. [cited 2013 Oct 16]; Available from: http://erj
.ersjournals .com/cgi/reprint/24/3/353. [PubMed: 15358690] - 138.
- Dranitsaris G, Mehta S. Oral therapies for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: a population-based cost-minimization analysis. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2009;7(1):43–59. [PubMed: 19558194]
- 139.
- Stevenson MD, Macdonald FC, Langley J, Hunsche E, Akehurst R. The cost-effectiveness of bosentan in the United Kingdom for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension of WHO functional class III. Value Health. 2009 Nov;12(8):1100–1105. [PubMed: 19558373]
- 140.
- Garin MC, Clark L, Chumney EC, Simpson KN, Highland KB. Cost-utility of treatments for pulmonary arterial hypertension: a Markov state-transition decision analysis model. Clin Drug Invest. 2009;29(10):635–646. [PubMed: 19715380]
- 141.
- Narine L, Hague LK, Walker JH, Vicente C, Schilz R, Desjardins O, et al. Cost-minimization analysis of treprostinil vs. epoprostenol as an alternate to oral therapy non-responders for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Curr Med Res Opin. 2005 Dec;21(12):2007–2016. [PubMed: 16368052]
- 142.
- Wlodarczyk JH, Cleland LG, Keogh AM, McNeil KD, Perl K, Weintraub RG, et al. Public funding of bosentan for the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension in Australia: cost effectiveness and risk sharing. PharmacoEconomics. 2006;24(9):903–915. [PubMed: 16942124]
- REFERENCES - Drugs for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Comparative Efficacy, Sa...REFERENCES - Drugs for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Comparative Efficacy, Safety, and Cost-Effectiveness
- Rattus norvegicus ELAV like RNA binding protein 1 (Elavl1), mRNARattus norvegicus ELAV like RNA binding protein 1 (Elavl1), mRNAgi|157818152|ref|NM_001108848.1|Nucleotide
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C siderophore transporter (SIT1), partial mRNASaccharomyces cerevisiae S288C siderophore transporter (SIT1), partial mRNAgi|398364220|ref|NM_001178880.3|Nucleotide
Your browsing activity is empty.
Activity recording is turned off.
See more...