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Toxicological Profile for Bromodichloromethane. Atlanta (GA): Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (US); 2020 Mar.

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Toxicological Profile for Bromodichloromethane.

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APPENDIX BLITERATURE SEARCH FRAMEWORK FOR BROMODICHLOROMETHANE

The objective of the toxicological profile is to evaluate the potential for human exposure and the potential health hazards associated with inhalation, oral, or dermal/ocular exposure to bromodichloromethane.

B.1. LITERATURE SEARCH AND SCREEN

A literature search and screen was conducted to identify studies examining health effects, toxicokinetics, mechanisms of action, susceptible populations, biomarkers, chemical interactions, physical and chemical properties, production, use, environmental fate, environmental releases, and environmental and biological monitoring data for bromodichloromethane. ATSDR primarily focused on peer-reviewed articles without publication date or language restrictions. Non-peer-reviewed studies that were considered relevant to the assessment of the health effects of bromodichloromethane have undergone peer review by at least three ATSDR-selected experts who have been screened for conflict of interest. The inclusion criteria used to identify relevant studies examining the health effects of bromodichloromethane are presented in Table B-1.

Table B-1Inclusion Criteria for the Literature Search and Screen

  • Health Effects
    • Species
      • Human
      • Laboratory mammals
    • Route of exposure
      • Inhalation
      • Oral
      • Dermal (or ocular)
      • Parenteral (these studies will be considered supporting data)
    • Health outcome
      • Death
      • Systemic effects
      • Body weight effects
      • Respiratory effects
      • Cardiovascular effects
      • Gastrointestinal effects
      • Hematological effects
      • Musculoskeletal effects
      • Hepatic effects
      • Renal effects
      • Dermal effects
      • Ocular effects
      • Endocrine effects
      • Immunological effects
      • Neurological effects
      • Reproductive effects
      • Developmental effects
      • Other noncancer effects
      • Cancer
  • Toxicokinetics
    • Absorption
    • Distribution
    • Metabolism
    • Excretion
    • PBPK models
  • Biomarkers
    • Biomarkers of exposure
    • Biomarkers of effect
  • Interactions with other chemicals
  • Potential for human exposure
    • Releases to the environment
      • Air
      • Water
      • Soil
    • Environmental fate
      • Transport and partitioning
      • Transformation and degradation
    • Environmental monitoring
      • Air
      • Water
      • Sediment and soil
      • Other media
    • Biomonitoring
      • General populations
      • Occupation populations

B.1.1. Literature Search

The current literature search was intended to update the draft toxicological profile for bromodichloromethane released for public comment in 2018. The following main databases were searched in May 2019:

  • PubMed
  • National Library of Medicine’s TOXLINE
  • Scientific and Technical Information Network’s TOXCENTER

The search strategy used the chemical names, Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) numbers, synonyms, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) headings, and keywords for bromodichloromethane. The query strings used for the literature search are presented in Table B-2.

The search was augmented by searching the Toxic Substances Control Act Test Submissions (TSCATS), NTP website, and National Institute of Health Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results (NIH RePORTER) databases using the queries presented in Table B-3. Additional databases were searched in the creation of various tables and figures, such as the TRI Explorer, the Substance Priority List (SPL) resource page, and other items as needed. Regulations applicable to bromodichloromethane were identified by searching international and U.S. agency websites and documents.

Review articles were identified and used for the purpose of providing background information and identifying additional references. ATSDR also identified reports from the grey literature, which included unpublished research reports, technical reports from government agencies, conference proceedings and abstracts, and theses and dissertations.

Table B-2Database Query Strings

Database search dateQuery string
PubMed
05/2019(75-27-4[rn] OR “bromodichloromethane”[nm] OR “BDCM”[tw] OR “Bromo-dichloromethane”[tw] OR “Bromodichlormethane”[tw] OR “Bromodichloromethane”[tw] OR “Dichlorobromomethane”[tw] OR “Dichloromonobromomethane”[tw] OR “Methane, bromodichloro-”[tw] OR “Monobromodichloromethane”[tw]) AND (2014/12/01 : 3000[dp] OR 2015/12/01 : 3000[edat] OR 2015/12/01 : 3000[crdt] OR 2015/12/01 : 3000[mhda])
Toxline
05/2019

(75-27-4[rn] OR “BDCM” OR “Bromo-dichloromethane” OR “Bromodichlormethane” OR “Bromodichloromethane” OR “Dichlorobromomethane” OR “Dichloromonobromomethane” OR “Methane, bromodichloro-” OR “Monobromodichloromethane”) AND ( ANEUPL [org] OR BIOSIS [org] OR CIS [org] OR DART [org] OR EMIC [org] OR EPIDEM [org] OR HEEP [org] OR HMTC [org] OR IPA [org] OR RISKLINE [org] OR MTGABS [org] OR NIOSH [org] OR NTIS [org] OR PESTAB [org] OR PPBIB [org] ) AND NOT PubMed [org] AND NOT pubdart [org]

Year of Publication 2015 through 2019

Toxcenter
05/2019

FILE ‘TOXCENTER’ ENTERED AT 10:31:35 ON 03 MAY 2019

L41.

3645 SEA FILE=TOXCENTER 75-27-4

L42.

3548 SEA FILE=TOXCENTER L41 NOT PATENT/DT

L43.

3483 SEA FILE=TOXCENTER L42 NOT TSCATS/FS

L44.

446 SEA FILE=TOXCENTER L43 AND ED>=20150101 ACT TOXQUERY/Q

-------

L45.

QUE (CHRONIC OR IMMUNOTOX? OR NEUROTOX? OR TOXICOKIN? OR BIOMARKER? OR NEUROLOG?)

L46.

QUE (PHARMACOKIN? OR SUBCHRONIC OR PBPK OR EPIDEMIOLOGY/ST,CT,

IT)

L47.

QUE (ACUTE OR SUBACUTE OR LD50# OR LD(W)50 OR LC50# OR LC(W)50)

L48.

QUE (TOXICITY OR ADVERSE OR POISONING)/ST,CT,IT

L49.

QUE (INHAL? OR PULMON? OR NASAL? OR LUNG? OR RESPIR?)

L50.

QUE ((OCCUPATION? OR WORKPLACE? OR WORKER?) AND EXPOS?)

L51.

QUE (ORAL OR ORALLY OR INGEST? OR GAVAGE? OR DIET OR DIETS OR

DIETARY OR DRINKING(W)WATER?)

L52.

QUE (MAXIMUM AND CONCENTRATION? AND (ALLOWABLE OR PERMISSIBLE))

L53.

QUE (ABORT? OR ABNORMALIT? OR EMBRYO? OR CLEFT? OR FETUS?)

L54.

QUE (FOETUS? OR FETAL? OR FOETAL? OR FERTIL? OR MALFORM? OR

OVUM?)

L55.

QUE (OVA OR OVARY OR PLACENTA? OR PREGNAN? OR PRENATAL?)

L56.

QUE (PERINATAL? OR POSTNATAL? OR REPRODUC? OR STERIL? OR TERATOGEN?)

L57.

QUE (SPERM OR SPERMAC? OR SPERMAG? OR SPERMATI? OR SPERMAS? OR

SPERMATOB? OR SPERMATOC? OR SPERMATOG?)

L58.

QUE (SPERMATOI? OR SPERMATOL? OR SPERMATOR? OR SPERMATOX? OR

SPERMATOZ? OR SPERMATU? OR SPERMI? OR SPERMO?)

L59.

QUE (NEONAT? OR NEWBORN? OR DEVELOPMENT OR DEVELOPMENTAL?)

L60.

QUE (ENDOCRIN? AND DISRUPT?)

L61.

QUE (ZYGOTE? OR CHILD OR CHILDREN OR ADOLESCEN? OR INFANT?)

L62.

QUE (WEAN? OR OFFSPRING OR AGE(W)FACTOR?)

L63.

QUE (DERMAL? OR DERMIS OR SKIN OR EPIDERM? OR CUTANEOUS?)

L64.

QUE (CARCINOG? OR COCARCINOG? OR CANCER? OR PRECANCER? OR

NEOPLAS?)

L65.

QUE (TUMOR? OR TUMOUR? OR ONCOGEN? OR LYMPHOMA? OR CARCINOM?)

L66.

QUE (GENETOX? OR GENOTOX? OR MUTAGEN? OR GENETIC(W)TOXIC?)

L67.

QUE (NEPHROTOX? OR HEPATOTOX?)

L68.

QUE (ENDOCRIN? OR ESTROGEN? OR ANDROGEN? OR HORMON?)

L69.

QUE (OCCUPATION? OR WORKER? OR WORKPLACE? OR EPIDEM?)

L70.

QUE L45 OR L46 OR L47 OR L48 OR L49 OR L50 OR L51 OR L52 OR L53 OR L54 OR L55 OR L56 OR L57 OR L58 OR L59 OR L60 OR L61 OR L62 OR L63 OR L64 OR L65 OR L66 OR L67 OR L68 OR L69

L71.

QUE (RAT OR RATS OR MOUSE OR MICE OR GUINEA(W)PIG? OR MURIDAE

OR DOG OR DOGS OR RABBIT? OR HAMSTER? OR PIG OR PIGS OR SWINE

OR PORCINE OR MONKEY? OR MACAQUE?)

L72.

QUE (MARMOSET? OR FERRET? OR GERBIL? OR RODENT? OR LAGOMORPHA

OR BABOON? OR CANINE OR CAT OR CATS OR FELINE OR MURINE)

L73.

QUE L70 OR L71 OR L72

L74.

QUE (HUMAN OR HUMANS OR HOMINIDAE OR MAMMALS OR MAMMAL? OR

PRIMATES OR PRIMATE?)

L75.

QUE L73 OR L74

-------

L76.

267 SEA FILE=TOXCENTER L44 AND L75

L77.

20 SEA FILE=TOXCENTER L76 AND MEDLINE/FS

L78.

240 DUP REM L76 (27 DUPLICATES REMOVED) ANSWERS ‘1-240’ FROM FILE TOXCENTER

D SCAN L78

L2.

0 SEA FILE=TOXCENTER 59665-18-8 OR 57049-13-5

Table B-3Strategies to Augment the Literature Search

SourceQuery and number screened when available
TSCATS via Chemview
05/2019Data submitted to EPA; Compounds searched: 75-27-4
NTP
05/2019

“75-27-4” “Bromodichloromethane” “Dichlorobromomethane”

“Monobromodichloromethane”

“BDCM” “Bromo-dichloromethane” “Methane, bromodichloro-”

“Dichloromonobromomethane” “Bromodichlormethane”

Regulations​.gov
05/2019

“75-27-4” “Bromodichloromethane” “Dichlorobromomethane”

“Monobromodichloromethane”

NIH RePORTER
05/2019Text Search: “BDCM” OR “Bromo-dichloromethane” OR “Bromodichlormethane” OR “Bromodichloromethane” OR “Dichlorobromomethane” OR “Dichloromonobromomethane” OR “Methane, bromodichloro-” OR “Monobromodichloromethane” (Advanced), Search in: Projects Admin IC: All, Fiscal Year: Active Projects
Other Identified throughout the assessment process

The 2019 results were:

  • Number of records identified from PubMed, TOXLINE, and TOXCENTER (after duplicate removal): 209
  • Number of records identified from other strategies: 28
  • Total number of records to undergo literature screening: 237

B.1.2. Literature Screening

A two-step process was used to screen the literature search to identify relevant studies on bromodichloromethane:

  • Title and abstract screen
  • Full text screen

Title and Abstract Screen. Within the reference library, titles and abstracts were screened manually for relevance. Studies that were considered relevant (see Table B-1 for inclusion criteria) were moved to the second step of the literature screening process. Studies were excluded when the title and abstract clearly indicated that the study was not relevant to the toxicological profile.

  • Number of titles and abstracts screened: 235
  • Number of studies considered relevant and moved to the next step: 50

Full Text Screen. The second step in the literature screening process was a full text review of individual studies considered relevant in the title and abstract screen step. Each study was reviewed to determine whether it was relevant for inclusion in the toxicological profile.

  • Number of studies undergoing full text review: 50
  • Number of studies cited in the pre-public draft of the toxicological profile: 211
  • Total number of studies cited in the profile: 241

A summary of the results of the literature search and screening is presented in Figure B-1.

Figure B-1 description

Figure B-1May 2019 Literature Search Results and Screen for Bromodichloromethane

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