| Hundt (2018), US99 | NS (grounded theory) | To understand the attitudes, experiences, and barriers and facilitators to treatment for veterans who enrolled in a VA PTSD specialty clinic and were offered either PE or CPT | 24 veterans | Veterans with a primary psychiatric diagnosis of PTSD who were admitted to the PTSD clinic and judged to be appropriate to for PE or CPT, offered PE or CPT, but not starting PE or CPT within 12 months | PE and CPT | Interviews |
| Cook (2017), US100 | NS (grounded theory) | To assess how residential treatment providers within the VA conceptualize and address patient readiness for trauma-focused EBTs for PTSD | 99 psychologists, 62 social workers, 4 psychiatrists, 3 nurses, 4 “other” | NS | PE and CPT | Semi-structured telephone interview |
| Hundt (2017), US101 | NS (grounded theory) | To explore how veterans living with PTSD experience the use of EBT in their treatment | 23 veterans | Veterans who had completed at least 8 sessions of PE or CPT in a VA PTSD clinic | PE and CPT | Interviews |
| Stige (2017), Norway102 | NS (hermeneutic phenomenological approach) | To explore how former trauma clients experienced the inclusion of skill training in their treatment, their ways of relating to and using these skills, and how this changed over time | 13 patients | NS | Skills training components of a trauma specific stabilization group | Semi-structured interviews conducted over two time points |
| Tong (2017), Australia103 | NS (interpretive phenomenological approach) | To explore young people’s reactions to a trauma-focused treatment for PTSD in FEP | 8 participants | Individuals aged 15 to 25 years with a DSM-IV psychotic disorder or mood disorder with psychotic features and having current trauma symptoms that meet the full criteria for PTSD using CAPS | Intervention drawing on principles of CBT | Semi-structured interviews |
| Whealin (2016), US111 | Mixed-methods (content analysis) | To identify the types of eHealth tools that veterans with PTSD and comorbid CMCs use, understand how they currently use eHealth technology to self-manage their unique health care needs, and identify new e-health resources that veterans feel would empower them to better manage their health | 10 veterans | Veterans with three or more chronic conditions and experience using technology to help them care for their health or manage their health care, and having received care at the VA facility | NS | Focus groups |
| Hamblen (2015), US104 | NS (NS) | To examine VA PTSD clinic director perspectives on the implementation of PE and CPT in PTSD outpatient programs to better understand the local challenges be faced | 31 psychologists, 5 social workers, 2 psychiatrists | NS | PE and CPT | Semi-structured interviews |
| Hundt (2015), US105 | NS (grounded theory) | To enhance knowledge of facilitators to EBP initiation by examining veterans’ real-world experiences initiating EBP for PTSD and how they overcame barriers to EBP in their own lives | 23 veterans | Veterans who had completed at least 8 sessions of EBP in a VA PTSD clinic | PE and CPT | Interviews |
| McCormack (2015), Australia106 | NS (interpretive phenomenological analysis) | To explore the “lived” experience of trauma-focused therapists working with mental health in-patients with complex trauma histories | 2 psychiatric consultants, 1 clinical psychologist, 1 psychologist/clinical manager | NS | NS | Interviews |
| Cook (2014), US107 | NS (NS) | To present VA residential PTSD treatment provider perceptions of dissuading factors to the use of PE and CPT | 110 psychologist, 66 social workers, 11 nurses, 5 psychiatrists, 6 “other” | NS | PE and CPT | Semi-structured telephone interviews |
| Lawrence (2014), UK108 | NS (interpretive phenomenological analysis) | To produce an in-depth understanding of the experience of completing a course of compassion-focused therapy for PTSD and the process of developing self-compassion | 9 patients | People who had completed two CFT groups for PTSD | CFT | Interviews |
| Lowe (2014), UK109 | Phenomenological and idiographic (interpretive phenomenological analysis) | To gain an understanding of the aspects of trauma-focused CBT for PTSD that service users find important in contributing to their improvement | 9 patients | NS | Trauma-focused CBT | Interviews |
| Reeves (2014), Canada110 | Naturalistic paradigm informed by Indigenous inquiry(grounded theory) | Investigate the use of traditional Indigenous healing alongside Western mental health services to address issues related to recovery from sexual trauma at a culture-based multiservice health centre | 3 traditional healers/medicine people, 5 traditional counsellors, 1 traditional counsellor/traditional teacher, 1 Elder | NS | NS | Two sets of interviews |
