Benchmark Dose Modeling

National Toxicology Program

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National Toxicology Program. NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Glycidamide (CASRN 5694-00-8) in F344/N Nctr Rats and B6C3F1/Nctr Mice (Drinking Water Studies): Technical Report 588 [Internet]. Research Triangle Park (NC): National Toxicology Program; 2014 Nov.

Cover of NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Glycidamide (CASRN 5694-00-8) in F344/N Nctr Rats and B6C3F1/Nctr Mice (Drinking Water Studies)

NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Glycidamide (CASRN 5694-00-8) in F344/N Nctr Rats and B6C3F1/Nctr Mice (Drinking Water Studies): Technical Report 588 [Internet].

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Appendix KBenchmark Dose Modeling

K.1. Methods

K.1.1. Benchmark Dose Estimations

Benchmark doses (BMD) and the lower (BMDL) 95% confidence limits were calculated using Environmental Protection Agency Benchmark Dose Software (version 2.1.1; https://www.epa.gov/ncea/bmds). The calculations were conducted using gamma, logistic, log-logistic, log-probit, multistage, probit, and Weibull models to fit the neoplastic incidences and the mean doses of glycidamide for the entire 2-year study. The BMD was defined as the dose that caused a 10% excess risk of the specified adverse effect over that observed in the appropriate control group. Models were rejected if 1) p < 0.05 for the fitted model versus the full model; 2) p < 0.05 for the goodness of fit; or 3) The scaled residual for one or more of the doses in goodness of fit determination was >|2.00|.⁷⁶ In some instances the BMD calculations failed. If a model was rejected, the results are not reported.

K.2. Results

Benchmark dose modeling was conducted to estimate the doses of glycidamide that would give a 10% excess risk for specific neoplasms (BMD). In F344/N Nctr rats, the most sensitive site for tumor induction was the mammary gland in females (BMD of 2.39 µmol glycidamide per kg body weight per day for fibroadenoma) and the thyroid gland in males (BMD of 18.89–22.62 µmol glycidamide per kg body weight per day for combined follicular cell adenoma or carcinoma) (Table K-1). In B6C3F1/Nctr mice, the most sensitive site for tumor induction by glycidamide was the Harderian gland, with a BMD for Harderian gland adenoma of 5.24–5.91 µmol glycidamide per kg body weight per day in males and 4.55 µmol glycidamide per kg body weight per day in females (Table K-2).

A comparison of the glycidamide data with those previously reported for acrylamide⁷⁴ indicates that both chemicals have similar potencies in the target tissues (Table K-3 and Table K-4). For example, in female F344/N Nctr rats, the BMD for mammary gland fibroadenoma was 2.39 μMol per kg body weight per day for glycidamide and 7.74 μMol per kg body weight per day for acrylamide, and in male F344/N Nctr rats, the BMD for follicular cell adenoma or carcinoma of the thyroid gland was 19.33–22.62 μMol per kg body weight per day for glycidamide and 19.41–28.19 μMol per kg body weight per day for acrylamide (Table K-3). The BMD for Harderian gland adenoma in male B6C3F1/Nctr mice was 5.51–5.91 μMol per kg body weight per day for glycidamide as compared to 5.14–5.39 μMol per kg body weight per day for acrylamide (Table K-4). Likewise, in female B6C3F1/Nctr mice the BMD for Harderian gland adenoma was 4.55 μMol per kg body weight per day for glycidamide as compared to 6.55 μMol per kg body weight per day for acrylamide.

Table K-1Benchmark Dose Modeling of Neoplastic Incidences in F344/N Nctr Rats in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide^a

	AIC^b	Fitted Model^c	GOF^d	BMD^e	BMDL^f
Thyroid Gland
Carcinoma
Male
Gamma	88.1	0.232	0.294	40.32	19.71
Logistic	88.5	0.202	0.300	42.24	29.43
Log-Logistic	88.1	0.236	0.294	39.76	18.96
Log-Probit	86.3	0.475	0.560	70.34	17.40
Multistage	88.1	0.232	0.294	40.32	19.71
Probit	88.4	0.203	0.300	42.65	28.45
Weibull	88.1	0.232	0.294	40.32	19.71
Adenoma or Carcinoma
Male
Gamma	164.6	0.338	0.350	19.33	10.56
Logistic	162.3	0.611	0.603	22.62	17.85
Log-Logistic	164.7	0.332	0.336	20.77	9.75
Log-Probit	164.9	0.291	0.307	18.89	6.42
Multistage	164.4	0.378	0.381	20.85	10.75
Probit	162.3	0.602	0.599	21.65	16.73
Weibull	164.6	0.345	0.350	20.50	10.60
Female
Gamma	132.2	0.256	0.294	27.00	16.20
Logistic	134.0	0.118	0.251	42.74	31.72
Log-Logistic	131.9	0.293	0.300	24.05	14.61
Multistage	132.2	0.256	0.294	27.00	16.20
Probit	133.8	0.127	0.257	41.31	29.90
Weibull	132.2	0.256	0.294	27.00	16.20
Heart
Malignant Schwannoma
Male
Gamma	149.2	0.829	0.821	25.06	14.24
Logistic	149.9	0.672	0.644	31.09	22.19
Log-Logistic	149.2	0.841	0.835	24.40	13.30
Log-Probit	151.1	0.689	0.687	23.23	8.60
Multistage	149.2	0.829	0.821	25.06	14.24
Probit	149.8	0.699	0.674	30.17	20.97
Weibull	149.2	0.829	0.821	25.06	14.24
Epididymis or Testes
Malignant Mesothelioma
Male
Gamma	148.2	0.801	0.794	11.71	7.80
Log-Logistic	148.1	0.840	0.835	11.56	7.53
Log-Probit	147.7	0.916	0.913	11.23	7.61
Multistage	148.7	0.691	0.691	11.59	7.58
Probit	153.6	0.094	0.128	17.94	15.01
Weibull	148.3	0.778	0.772	11.69	7.75
Mammary Gland
Fibroadenoma
Female
Log-Logistic	306.5	0.140	0.141	2.39	1.39
Oral Mucosa or Tongue
Squamous Cell Papilloma or Carcinoma
Female
Gamma	105.9	0.801	0.814	50.94	29.59
Logistic	104.0	0.916	0.917	48.94	36.92
Log-Logistic	105.9	0.803	0.815	51.03	29.29
Log-Probit	105.9	0.799	0.813	50.82	28.90
Multistage	106.1	0.753	0.758	49.97	29.20
Probit	104.1	0.902	0.906	48.73	35.39
Weibull	105.9	0.803	0.815	51.09	29.60

^a: Benchmark doses (BMD) and the lower (BMDL) 95% confidence limits, in units of mg per kg body weight per day, were calculated using Environmental Protection Agency Benchmark Dose Software (version 2.1.1; https://www.epa.gov/ncea/bmds). The calculations were conducted using gamma, logistic, log-logistic, log-probit, multistage, probit, and Weibull models to fit the neoplastic incidences and the mean doses of glycidamide from the entire 2-year study. The BMD was defined as the dose that caused a 10% excess risk in the specified adverse effect over that observed in the appropriate control group. Models were rejected if (1) p < 0.05 for the fitted model versus the full model; (2) p < 0.05 for the goodness of fit; or (3) the scaled residual for one or more of the doses in goodness of fit determination was >|2.00|.⁷⁶ In some instances the BMD calculations failed. If a model was rejected, the results are not reported.
^b: AIC, Akaike information criterion.
^c: p-value of fitted model compared to the full model.
^d: GOF, Goodness of fit p-value.
^e: BMD, benchmark dose (μmol glycidamide per kg body weight per day).
^f: BMDL, lower 95% confidence limit of benchmark dose (μmol glycidamide per kg body weight per day).

Table K-2Benchmark Dose Modeling of Neoplastic Incidences in B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide^a

	AIC^b	Fitted Model^c	GOF^d	BMD^e	BMDL^f
Harderian Gland
Adenoma
Male
Gamma	242.4	0.784	0.778	5.24	4.32
Log-Logistic	245.1	0.418	0.425	5.51	2.49
Log-Probit	244.9	0.459	0.464	5.91	2.49
Multistage	242.4	0.784	0.778	5.24	4.32
Weibull	242.4	0.784	0.778	5.24	4.32
Female
Log-Logistic	253.5	0.099	0.100	4.55	3.39
Lung
Alveolar/Bronchiolar Adenoma
Male
Log-Logistic	200.9	0.540	0.454	17.16	12.83
Log-Probit	200.8	0.769	0.804	9.41	0.71^g
Female
Gamma	167.9	0.554	0.570	99.36	51.88
Logistic	166.0	0.734	0.742	112.72	77.57
Log-Logistic	167.9	0.555	0.570	99.08	48.23
Log-Probit	167.9	0.552	0.563	100.00	25.29
Multistage	167.9	0.554	0.571	98.98	51.88
Probit	166.0	0.742	0.750	110.13	73.58
Weibull	167.9	0.554	0.570	99.33	51.88
Stomach (Forestomach)
Squamous Cell Papilloma
Male
Gamma	106.0	0.470	0.536	52.55	36.13
Logistic	108.2	0.287	0.390	76.50	63.10
Log-Logistic	108.1	0.298	0.355	51.96	34.39
Log-Probit	108.5	0.256	0.310	49.72	28.18
Multistage	107.9	0.334	0.373	55.10	36.51
Probit	108.3	0.280	0.375	73.15	59.15
Weibull	106.0	0.470	0.536	52.55	36.13
Mammary Gland
Adenoacanthoma
Female
Gamma	56.0	0.973	0.987	117.96	93.37
Logistic	56.8	0.803	0.858	129.97	112.32
Log-Logistic	56.1	0.963	0.982	119.46	93.94
Log-Probit	56.1	0.963	0.982	115.08	89.64
Multistage	55.1	0.860	0.938	116.96	90.94
Probit	56.5	0.871	0.912	125.67	106.43
Weibull	56.1	0.960	0.980	120.56	95.40
Adenocarcinoma
Female
Gamma	140.8	0.226	0.212	59.73	38.68
Logistic	141.7	0.119	0.087	89.16	72.35
Log-Logistic	140.7	0.242	0.230	58.43	36.20
Log-Probit	140.2	0.308	0.294	56.99	34.86
Multistage	141.0	0.200	0.201	56.03	38.07
Probit	141.1	0.155	0.118	83.45	67.03
Weibull	140.8	0.220	0.208	59.37	38.54
Adenoacanthoma or Adenocarcinoma
Female
Gamma	149.6	0.533	0.530	53.46	35.44
Logistic	150.1	0.283	0.255	71.73	59.97
Log-Logistic	149.5	0.554	0.554	52.72	35.13
Log-Probit	149.1	0.691	0.692	51.98	35.27
Multistage	150.2	0.392	0.386	55.63	33.92
Probit	149.3	0.391	0.364	66.26	55.26
Weibull	149.8	0.482	0.481	53.41	34.90

^a: Benchmark doses (BMD) and the lower (BMDL) 95% confidence limits, in units of mg per kg body weight per day, were calculated using Environmental Protection Agency Benchmark Dose Software (version 2.1.1; https://www.epa.gov/ncea/bmds). The calculations were conducted using gamma, logistic, log-logistic, log-probit, multistage, probit, and Weibull models to fit the neoplastic incidences and the mean doses of glycidamide from the entire 2-year study. The BMD was defined as the dose that caused a 10% excess risk in the specified adverse effect over that observed in the appropriate control group. Models were rejected if (1) p < 0.05 for the fitted model versus the full model; (2) p < 0.05 for the goodness of fit; or (3) The scaled residual for one or more of the doses in goodness of fit determination was >|2.00|.⁷⁶ In some instances the BMD calculations failed. If a model was rejected, the results are not reported.
^b: AIC, Akaike information criterion.
^c: p-value of fitted model compared to the full model.
^d: GOF, Goodness of fit p-value.
^e: BMD, benchmark dose (μmol glycidamide per kg body weight per day).
^f: BMDL, lower 95% confidence limit of benchmark dose (μmol glycidamide per kg body weight per day).
^g: Due to the disparity between the BMDL obtained from the log-probit model and the BMDL obtained from the other model, the log-probit BMDL value was not considered further.⁷⁶

Table K-3Comparison of BMD for Selected Neoplasms in F344/N Nctr Rats Administered Glycidamide or Acrylamide in Two-year Drinking Water Studies

	Glycidamide (BMD, µmol/kg body weight/day)^a	Acrylamide (BMD, µmol/kg body weight/day)^b
Thyroid Gland
Follicular Cell Carcinoma
Male
Gamma	40.32	28.57
Logistic	42.24	35.95
Log-Logistic	39.76	27.87
Log-Probit	70.34	26.72
Multistage	40.32	28.57
Probit	42.65	35.00
Weibull	40.32	28.57
Follicular Cell Adenoma or Carcinoma
Male
Gamma	19.33	20.37
Logistic	22.62	28.19
Log-Logistic	20.77	19.47
Multistage	20.85	20.37
Probit	21.65	27.14
Weibull	20.50	20.37
Female
Gamma	27.00	54.15
Logistic	42.74	60.24
Log-Logistic	24.05	54.80
Multistage	27.00	54.15
Probit	41.31	59.36
Weibull	27.00	54.15
Heart
Malignant Schwannoma
Male
Gamma	25.06	34.13
Logistic	31.09	37.68
Log-Logistic	24.40	33.91
Log-Probit	23.23	34.76
Multistage	25.06	34.13
Probit	30.17	37.23
Weibull	25.06	34.13
Epididymis or Testes
Malignant Mesothelioma
Male
Gamma	11.71	29.90
Multistage	11.59	30.66
Probit	17.94	30.36
Weibull	11.69	30.06
Mammary Gland
Fibroadenoma
Female
Log-Logistic	2.39	7.74
Oral Mucosa or Tongue
Squamous Cell Papilloma or Carcinoma
Female
Gamma	50.94	49.49
Logistic	48.94	58.01
Log-Logistic	51.03	48.42
Log-Probit	50.82	61.93
Multistage	49.97	49.49
Probit	48.73	57.54
Weibull	51.09	49.49

^a: The BMD for glycidamide in μMol/kg body weight/day are from the data presented in Table K-1.
^b: The BMD for acrylamide in μMol/kg body weight/day are calculated from the data presented in Beland et al.⁷⁴

Table K-4Comparison of BMD for Selected Neoplasms in B6C3F1/Nctr Mice Administered Glycidamide or Acrylamide in Two-year Drinking Water Studies

	Glycidamide (BMD, µmol/kg body weight/day)^a	Acrylamide (BMD, µmol/kg body weight/day)^b
Harderian Gland
Adenoma
Male
Log-Logistic	5.51	5.14
Log-Probit	5.91	5.39
Female
Log-Logistic	4.55	6.65
Lung
Alveolar/Bronchiolar Adenoma
Male
Log-Logistic	17.16	29.59
Female
Gamma	99.36	27.69
Logistic	112.72	56.06
Log-Logistic	99.08	27.15
Log-Probit	100.00	26.89
Multistage	98.98	27.69
Probit	110.13	51.97
Weibull	99.33	27.69
Stomach (Forestomach)
Squamous Cell Papilloma
Male
Gamma	52.55	63.98
Logistic	76.50	105.74
Log-Logistic	51.96	62.30
Log-Probit	49.72	60.51
Multistage	55.10	63.98
Probit	73.15	101.39
Weibull	52.55	63.98
Mammary Gland
Adenoacanthoma
Female
Gamma	117.96	140.56
Logistic	129.97	146.10
Log-Logistic	119.46	142.80
Log-Probit	115.08	172.55
Multistage	116.96	140.56
Probit	125.67	145.74
Weibull	120.56	140.56
Adenoacanthoma or Adenocarcinoma
Female
Gamma	53.46	31.22
Log-Logistic	52.72	28.31
Log-Probit	51.98	24.23
Multistage	55.63	31.22
Weibull	53.41	31.22

^a: The BMD for glycidamide in μMol/kg body weight/day are from the data presented in Table K-2.
^b: The BMD for acrylamide in μMol/kg body weight/day are calculated from the data presented in Beland et al.⁷⁴

Figure K-1

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Thyroid Gland Carcinoma in Male F344/N Nctr Rats in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Gamma Multi-hit Model; Bottom: Logistic Model)

Figure K-2

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Thyroid Gland Carcinoma in Male F344/N Nctr Rats in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Log-Logistic Model; Bottom: LogProbit Model)

Figure K-3

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Thyroid Gland Carcinoma in Male F344/N Nctr Rats in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Multistage Model; Bottom: Probit Model)

Figure K-4

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Thyroid Gland Carcinoma in Male F344/N Nctr Rats in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Weibull Model)

Figure K-5

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Thyroid Gland Adenoma or Carcinoma in Male F344/N Nctr Rats in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Gamma Multi-hit Model; Bottom: Logistic Model)

Figure K-6

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Thyroid Gland Adenoma or Carcinoma in Male F344/N Nctr Rats in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Log-Logistic Model; Bottom: LogProbit Model)

Figure K-7

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Thyroid Gland Adenoma or Carcinoma in Male F344/N Nctr Rats in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Multistage Model; Bottom: Probit Model)

Figure K-8

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Thyroid Gland Adenoma or Carcinoma in Male F344/N Nctr Rats in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Weibull Model)

Figure K-9

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Thyroid Gland Adenoma or Carcinoma in Female F344/N Nctr Rats in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Gamma Multi-hit Model; Bottom: Logistic Model)

Figure K-10

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Thyroid Gland Adenoma or Carcinoma in Female F344/N Nctr Rats in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Log-Logistic Model; Bottom: Multistage Model)

Figure K-11

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Thyroid Gland Adenoma or Carcinoma in Female F344/N Nctr Rats in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Probit Model; Bottom: Weibull Model)

Figure K-12

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Heart Malignant Schwannoma in Male F344/N Nctr Rats in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Gamma Multi-hit Model; Bottom: Logistic Model)

Figure K-13

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Heart Malignant Schwannoma in Male F344/N Nctr Rats in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Log-Logistic Model; Bottom: LogProbit Model)

Figure K-14

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Heart Malignant Schwannoma in Male F344/N Nctr Rats in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Multistage Model; Bottom: Probit Model)

Figure K-15

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Heart Malignant Schwannoma in Male F344/N Nctr Rats in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Weibull Model)

Figure K-16

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Epididymis or Testes Malignant Mesothelioma in Male F344/N Nctr Rats in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Gamma Multi-hit Model; Bottom: Log-Logistic Model)

Figure K-17

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Epididymis or Testes Malignant Mesothelioma in Male F344/N Nctr Rats in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: LogProbit Model; Bottom: Multistage Model)

Figure K-18

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Epididymis or Testes Malignant Mesothelioma in Male F344/N Nctr Rats in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Probit Model; Bottom: Weibull Model)

Figure K-19

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Mammary Gland Fibroadenoma in Female F344/N Nctr Rats in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Log-Logistic Model)

Figure K-20

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Oral Mucosa or Tongue Squamous Cell Papilloma or Carcinoma in Female F344/N Nctr Rats in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Gamma Multi-hit Model; Bottom: Logistic Model)

Figure K-21

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Oral Mucosa or Tongue Squamous Cell Papilloma or Carcinoma in Female F344/N Nctr Rats in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Log-Logistic Model; Bottom: LogProbit Model)

Figure K-22

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Oral Mucosa or Tongue Squamous Cell Papilloma or Carcinoma in Female F344/N Nctr Rats in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Multistage Model; Bottom: Probit Model)

Figure K-23

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Oral Mucosa or Tongue Squamous Cell Papilloma or Carcinoma in Female F344/N Nctr Rats in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Weibull Model)

Figure K-24

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Harderian Gland Adenoma in Male B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Gamma Multi-hit Model; Bottom: Log-Logistic Model)

Figure K-25

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Harderian Gland Adenoma in Male B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: LogProbit Model; Bottom: Multistage Model)

Figure K-26

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Harderian Gland Adenoma in Male B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Weibull Model)

Figure K-27

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Harderian Gland Adenoma in Female B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Log-Logistic Model)

Figure K-28

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Lung Alveolar/Bronchiolar Adenoma in Male B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Log-Logistic Model)

Figure K-29

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Lung Alveolar/Bronchiolar Adenoma in Female B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Gamma Multi-hit Model; Bottom: Logistic Model)

Figure K-30

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Lung Alveolar/Bronchiolar Adenoma in Female B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Log-Logistic Model; Bottom: LogProbit Model)

Figure K-31

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Lung Alveolar/Bronchiolar Adenoma in Female B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Multistage Model; Bottom: Probit Model)

Figure K-32

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Lung Alveolar/Bronchiolar Adenoma in Female B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Weibull Model)

Figure K-33

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Stomach (Forestomach) Squamous Cell Papilloma in Male B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Gamma Multi-hit Model; Bottom: Logistic Model)

Figure K-34

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Stomach (Forestomach) Squamous Cell Papilloma in Male B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Log-Logistic Model; Bottom: LogProbit Model)

Figure K-35

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Stomach (Forestomach) Squamous Cell Papilloma in Male B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Multistage Model; Bottom: Probit Model)

Figure K-36

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Stomach (Forestomach) Squamous Cell Papilloma in Male B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Weibull Model)

Figure K-37

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Mammary Gland Adenoacanthoma in Female B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Gamma Multi-hit Model; Bottom: Logistic Model)

Figure K-38

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Mammary Gland Adenoacanthoma in Female B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Log-Logistic Model; Bottom: LogProbit Model)

Figure K-39

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Mammary Gland Adenoacanthoma in Female B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Multistage Model; Bottom: Probit Model)

Figure K-40

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Mammary Gland Adenoacanthoma in Female B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Weibull Model)

Figure K-41

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Mammary Gland Adenocarcinoma in Female B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Gamma Multi-hit Model; Bottom: Logistic Model)

Figure K-42

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Mammary Gland Adenocarcinoma in Female B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Log-Logistic Model; Bottom: LogProbit Model)

Figure K-43

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Mammary Gland Adenocarcinoma in Female B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Multistage Model; Bottom: Probit Model)

Figure K-44

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Mammary Gland Adenocarcinoma in Female B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Weibull Model)

Figure K-45

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Mammary Gland Adenoacanthoma or Adenocarcinoma in Female B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Gamma Multi-hit Model; Bottom: Logistic Model)

Figure K-46

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Mammary Gland Adenoacanthoma or Adenocarcinoma in Female B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Log-Logistic Model; Bottom: LogProbit Model)

Figure K-47

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Mammary Gland Adenoacanthoma or Adenocarcinoma in Female B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Top: Multistage Model; Bottom: Probit Model)

Figure K-48

Benchmark Dose Modeling of Mammary Gland Adenoacanthoma or Adenocarcinoma in Female B6C3F1/Nctr Mice in the Two-year Drinking Water Study of Glycidamide (Weibull Model)

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Bookshelf ID: NBK561227

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