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National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health (UK). When To Suspect Child Maltreatment. London: RCOG Press; 2009 Jul. (NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 89.)

  • July 2019: Definition of multi-agency safeguarding arrangements added and section 4 of 'Using this guidance' amended by NICE to include arrangements. Recommendations 1.1.18 and 1.1.19 updated to reflect wording used in Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health purple book. October 2017: Since publication of this guideline, NICE has produced a guideline on child abuse and neglect. Recommendations relevant to both health and social care practitioners appear in this guideline and the child abuse and neglect guideline. Clinical features (including physical injuries) are covered in this guideline. Recommendations 1.3.2, 1.3.3, 1.3.4, 1.3.10, 1.3.12, 1.4.1, 1.4.2, 1.4.3, 1.4.4, 1.4.5, 1.4.12, 1.4.13, 1.5.1, 1.5.2, 1.5.3, 1.5.4 and 1.5.5 have had minor edits in line with NICE's child abuse and neglect guideline. Recommendation 1.3.6 has had a link added to the NICE guideline on faltering growth. Recommendation 1.4.8 has been updated with information on Prader-Willi syndrome. 2013: The recommendation which states "Be aware that sexual intercourse with a child younger than 13 years is unlawful and therefore pregnancy in such a child means the child has been maltreated" (pages 8 and 55) should be accompanied by a footnote which states the following: "Under the sexual Offences Act 2003, any sexual intercourse with a girl younger than 13 years is unlawful and will be charged as rape. It is illegal for children aged 13-15 years to have sexual intercourse. However, The Crown Prosecution Service guidance instructs that children of these age groups involved in consensual experimentation should not be prosecuted."

July 2019: Definition of multi-agency safeguarding arrangements added and section 4 of 'Using this guidance' amended by NICE to include arrangements. Recommendations 1.1.18 and 1.1.19 updated to reflect wording used in Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health purple book. October 2017: Since publication of this guideline, NICE has produced a guideline on child abuse and neglect. Recommendations relevant to both health and social care practitioners appear in this guideline and the child abuse and neglect guideline. Clinical features (including physical injuries) are covered in this guideline. Recommendations 1.3.2, 1.3.3, 1.3.4, 1.3.10, 1.3.12, 1.4.1, 1.4.2, 1.4.3, 1.4.4, 1.4.5, 1.4.12, 1.4.13, 1.5.1, 1.5.2, 1.5.3, 1.5.4 and 1.5.5 have had minor edits in line with NICE's child abuse and neglect guideline. Recommendation 1.3.6 has had a link added to the NICE guideline on faltering growth. Recommendation 1.4.8 has been updated with information on Prader-Willi syndrome. 2013: The recommendation which states "Be aware that sexual intercourse with a child younger than 13 years is unlawful and therefore pregnancy in such a child means the child has been maltreated" (pages 8 and 55) should be accompanied by a footnote which states the following: "Under the sexual Offences Act 2003, any sexual intercourse with a girl younger than 13 years is unlawful and will be charged as rape. It is illegal for children aged 13-15 years to have sexual intercourse. However, The Crown Prosecution Service guidance instructs that children of these age groups involved in consensual experimentation should not be prosecuted."

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When To Suspect Child Maltreatment.

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Appendix EAbbreviations

A&E

accident and emergency department

ADE

Adolescent Dissociative Experiences

ADHD

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

ALTE

apparent life-threatening event

BMI

body mass index

CBCL

Child Behaviour Checklist

CDC

Child Dissociative Checklist

CI

confidence interval

CrI

credible interval

CSA

child sexual abuse

CSBI

Child Sexual Behaviour Inventory

EL

evidence level (level of evidence)

ENT

ear, nose and throat

FII

fabricated or induced illness

GCI

General Cognitive Index

GDG

Guideline Development Group

GORD

gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

GP

general practitioner

HTA

Health Technology Assessment

MSBP

Münchausen syndrome by proxy

MVC

motor vehicle crash

NAPAC

National Association for People Abused in Childhood

NCC-WCH

National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health

NHS

National Health Service

NICE

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence

NSF

National Service Framework for Children, Young People and Maternity Services

NSPCC

National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children

NSSI

non-suicidal self-injury

PCT

primary care trust

PPIP

Patient and Public Involvement Programme

OR

odds ratio

RCPCH

Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health

RCT

randomised controlled trial

RR

relative risk

SD

standard deviation

SIDS

sudden infant death syndrome

SIGN

Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network

STI

sexually transmitted infection

Copyright © 2009, National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher or, in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK [www.cla.co.uk]. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to the publisher at the UK address printed on this page.

The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore for general use.

Bookshelf ID: NBK57164

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