a. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL – Ovid interface

1. (antisocial personality disorder$ or dissocial personality disorder or psychopathy).sh,id.
2. (apd$1.tw. and (asocial$ or anti social$ or antisocial$ or character$ or dissocial$ or dis social$ or person$).mp.) or aspd$1.tw.
3. ((asocial$ or antisocial$ or anti social$ or dissocial$ or dis social$) adj3 (character$ or difficult$ or disorder$ or dysfunction$ or PD or person$)).tw. or ((asocial$ or antisocial$ or anti social$ or dissocial$ or dis social$) and personalit$).tw,hw.
4. neuropsychopath$ or psychopath$3 or psycho path$3 or sociopath$ or socio path$).tw.
5. (DSM and (axis and II)).mp.
6. (multiple personality disorder$ or personality disorder$).sh,id.
7. (personalit$ adj2 (disorder$ or dysfunction$)).tw.
8. or/1–7

b. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials – Wiley Interscience interface

1. MeSH descriptor Antisocial Personality Disorder, this term only
2. (apd* and (asocial* or anti next social* or antisocial* or character* or dissocial* or dis next social* or person*)) or aspd:ti,ab,kw
3. (asocial* or antisocial* or anti next social* or dissocial* or dis next social*) near/3 (character* or difficult* or disorder* or dysfunction* or PD or person*):ti,ab,kw or (asocial* or antisocial* or anti next social* or dissocial* or dis next social*) and personalit*:ti,ab,kw
4. (neuropsychopath* or psychopath or psychopaths or psychopathia or psychopathias or psychopathic or psychopathics or psychopathies or psychopa-thy):ti or (neuropsychopath* or psychopath or psychopaths or psychopathia or psychopathias or psychopathic or psychopathics or psychopathies or psychopa-thy):ab
5. (sociopath* or socio near/1 path*):ti or (sociopath* or socio near/1 path*):ab
6. (DSM and (Axis and II)):ti,ab,kw
7. MeSH descriptor Personality Disorders, this term only
8. MeSH descriptor Multiple Personality Disorder, this term only
9. (personalit* near/2 (disorder* or dysfunction*)):ti or (personalit* near/2 (disorder* or dysfunction*)):ab
10. #1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 or #6 or #7 or #8 or #9

a. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, AMED, BNI – Ovid interface

1. cochrane library/or exp literature searching/or exp literature review/or exp review literature/or systematic review/or meta analysis/or meta-analysis as topic/
2. ((systematic or quantitative or methodologic$) adj5 (overview$ or review$)).mp.
3. (metaanaly$ or meta analy$ or metasynthesis or meta synthesis).mp.
4. (research adj (review$ or integration)).mp.
5. reference list$.ab.
6. bibliograph$.ab.
7. published studies.ab.
8. relevant journals.ab.
9. selection criteria.ab.
10. (data adj (extraction or synthesis)).ab.
11. (handsearch$ or ((hand or manual) adj search$)).tw.
12. (mantel haenszel or peto or dersimonian or der simonian).tw.
13. (fixed effect$ or random effect$).tw.
14. ((bids or cochrane or index medicus or isi citation or psyclit or psychlit or scisearch or science citation or (web adj2 science)) and review$).mp.
15. (systematic$ or meta$).pt. or (literature review or meta analysis or systematic review).md.
16. (pooled or pooling).tw.
17. or/1–16

a. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, AMED, BNI – Ovid interface

1. exp clinical trials/or exp clinical trial/or exp controlled clinical trials/
2. exp crossover procedure/or exp cross over studies/or exp crossover design/
3. exp double blind procedure/or exp double blind method/or exp double blind studies/or exp single blind procedure/or exp single blind method/or exp single blind studies/
4. exp random allocation/or exp randomization/or exp random assignment/or exp random sample/or exp random sampling/
5. exp randomized controlled trials/or exp randomized controlled trial/or randomized controlled trials as topic/
6. (clinical adj2 trial$).tw.
7. (crossover or cross over).tw.
8. (((single$ or doubl$ or trebl$ or tripl$) adj5 (blind$ or mask$ or dummy)) or (singleblind$ or doubleblind$ or trebleblind$)).tw.
9. (placebo$ or random$).mp.
10. (clinical trial$ or random$).pt. or treatment outcome$.md.
11. animals/not (animals/and human$.mp.)
12. (animal/or animals/) not ((animal/and human/) or (animals/and humans/))
13. (animal not (animal and human)).po.
14. (or/1–10) not (or/11–13)

Details of additional searches undertaken to support the development of this guideline, with special regard to offender, construct and conduct disorder populations, are available on request.