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National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK). Antisocial Personality Disorder: Treatment, Management and Prevention. Leicester (UK): British Psychological Society; 2010. (NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 77.)

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  • March 2013: Some recommendations in sections 5.3.9, 5.4.9, 5.4.14, 5.4.19, 5.4.24 and 8.2 have been removed from this guideline by NICE. August 2018: Some recommendations have been updated to link to NICE topic pages.

March 2013: Some recommendations in sections 5.3.9, 5.4.9, 5.4.14, 5.4.19, 5.4.24 and 8.2 have been removed from this guideline by NICE. August 2018: Some recommendations have been updated to link to NICE topic pages.

Cover of Antisocial Personality Disorder

Antisocial Personality Disorder: Treatment, Management and Prevention.

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APPENDIX 15CHARACTERISTICS OF REVIEWED STUDIES

Characteristics Table for The Clinical Question: What are the best interventions for children and adolescents who have behavioural/conduct problems?

Comparisons Included in this Clinical Question

Anger control training versus control
BARKLEY2000
DEFFENBACHER1996
FEINDLER1984
LIPMAN2006
LOCHMAN1984
LOCHMAN2002
LOCHMAN2004
OMIZO1988
SHECHTMAN2000
SUKHODOLSKY2000		Cognitive problem solving skills training versus control
KAZDIN1989
KENDALL1990
MICHELSON1983
VAN MANEN2004
WEBSTER-STRATTON1997		Family interventions versus control for adolescents at risk of reoffending
ALEXANDER1973
BARNOSKI2004
GORDON1995
MCPHERSON1983		Family interventions versus control for children and adolescents with behaviour problems
NICKEL2005
NICKEL2006
NICKEL2006A
SANTISTEBAN2003
SAYGER1988
SZAPOCZNIK1989
Family therapy versus CBT
AZRIN2001		Multidimensional foster care versus control
CHAMBERLAIN1998
CHAMBERLAIN2007		Multisystemic therapy versus control
BORDUIN1995
BORDUIN2001
HENGGELER1992
HENGGELER1997
HENGGELER1999
HENGGELER2006
LESCHIED2002
OGDEN2004
ROWLAND2005
TIMMONS-MITCHELL2006		Other multi-component intervention
BARRETT2000
CAVELL2000
FRASER2004
Parent training + additional child intervention versus parent training
BARKLEY2000
DISHION1995
DRUGLI2006
KAZDIN1992
NOCK2005		Parent training + additional parent intervention versus parent training
DADDS1992
IRELAND2003
SANDERS2000A
SANDERS2000B
WEBSTER-STRATTON1994		Parent training + problem solving versus parent training + education
ELIAS2003
Parent training versus control
ADAMS2001
BANK1991
BARKLEY2000
BEHAN2001
BODENMANN2008
BRADLEY2003
CONNELL1997
FEINFIELD2004
GARDNER2006
HUTCHINGS2007
IRVINE1999
JOURILES2001
KACIR1999
KAZDIN1987
LOCHMAN2004
MAGEN1994
MARKIE-DADDS2006
MARTIN2003
NICHOLSON1999
NIXON2003
PATTERSON2007
SANDERS2000
SANDERS2000A
SCOTT2001
SCOTT2006
STEWART-BROWN2007
STOLK2008
STRAYHORN1989
TAYLOR1998
TURNER2006
TURNER2007
WEBSTER-STRATTON1984
WEBSTER-STRATTON1988
WEBSTER-STRATTON1990
WEBSTER-STRATTON1992
WEBSTER-STRATTON1997		Social skills training versus control
DEFFENBACHER1996
DESBIENS2003
ISON2001
PEPLER1995
VAN MANEN2004

Characteristics of Included Studies

Characteristics of Excluded Studies

References of Included Studies

    ADAMS2001 (Published Data Only)

    • Adams JF. Impact of parent training on family functioning. Child and Family Behavior Therapy. 2001;23:29–42.

    ALEXANDER1973 (Published Data Only)

    • Alexander JF, Parsons BV. Short-term behavioral intervention with delinquent families: impact on family process and recidivism. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1973;81:219–225. [PubMed: 4710043]

    AZRIN2001 (Published Data Only)

    • Azrin NH, Donohue B, Teichner GA, et al. A controlled evaluation and description of of individual-cognitive problem solving and family-behavior therapies in dually-diagnosed conduct-disordered and substance-dependent youth. Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse. 2001;11:1–43.

    BANK1991 (Published Data Only)

    • Bank L, Marlowe JH, Reid JB, et al. A comparative evaluation of parent-training interventions for families of chronic delinquents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1991;19:15–33. [PubMed: 2030245]

    BARKLEY2000 (Published Data Only)

    • Barkley RA, Shelton TL, Crosswait C, et al. Multi-method psychoeducation intervention for preschool chidren eith disruptive behavior: preliminary results at post-treatment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2000;41:319–332. [PubMed: 10784079]

    BARNOSKI2004 (Unpublished Data Only)

    • Barnoski R. Outcome Evaluation of Washington's State's Research-Based Programs for Juvenile Offenders. Washington, WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy; 2004.

    BARRETT2000 (Published Data Only)

    • Barrett P, Turner C, Rombouts S, et al. Reciprocal skills training in the treatment of externalising behaviour disorders in childhood: a preliminary investigation. Behaviour Change. 2000;17:221–234.

    BEHAN2001 (Published Data Only)

    • Behan J, Fitzpatrick C, Sharry J, et al. Evaluation of the parenting plus programme. The Irish Journal of Psychology. 2001;22:238–256.

    BODENMANN2008 (Published Data Only)

    • Bodenmann G, Cina A, Ledermann T, et al. The efficacy of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program in improving parenting and child behavior: a comparison with two other treatment conditions. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2008;46:411–427. [PubMed: 18313033]

    BORDUIN1995 (Published Data Only)

    • Borduin CM, Mann BJ, Cone LT, et al. Multisystemic threatment of serious juvenile offenders: long term prevention of criminality and violence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1995;63:569–578. [PubMed: 7673534]

    BORDUIN2001 (Published Data Only)

    • Borduin C, Schaeffer C. Multisystemic treatment of juvenile sexual offenders: a progress report. Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality. 2001;13:2S–42.

    BRADLEY2003 (Published Data Only)

    • Bradley SJ, Jadaa DA, Brody J. Brief psychoeducational parenting program: an evaluation and 1-year follow-up. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2003;42:1171–1178. [PubMed: 14560166]

    CAVELL2000 (Published Data Only)

    • Cavell TA, Hughes JN. Secondary prevention as a context for assessing change processes in aggressive children. Journal of School Psychology. 2000;38:199–235.

    CHAMBERLAIN1998 (Published Data Only)

    • Eddy JM, Chamberlain P. Family management and deviant peer assoication as mediators of the impact of treatment conidition on youth antisocial beahvior. Journalf of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2000;68:857–863. [PubMed: 11068971]
    • Eddy JM, Whaley RB, Chamberlain P. The prevention of violent behavior by chronic and serious male juvenile offenders: a 2-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. 2004;12:2–8.
    • Eddy JM, Chamberlain P. Family management and deviant peer association as mediators of the impact of treatment condition on youth antisocial behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2000;68:857–863. [PubMed: 11068971]
    • *. Chamberlain P, Reid JB. Comparison of two community alternatives to incarceration for chronic juvenile offenders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1998;66:624–633. [PubMed: 9735578]

    CHAMBERLAIN2007 (Published Data Only)

    • Chamberlain P, Leve LD, DeGarmo DS. Multidimensional foster care for girls in the juvenile justice system: 2 year follow up of a randomized clincial trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2007;75:187–193. [PMC free article: PMC1995088] [PubMed: 17295579]

    CONNELL1997 (Published Data Only)

    • Connell S, Sanders M, Markie-Dadds C. Self-directed behavioral family intervention for parents of oppositional children in rural and remote areas. Behavior Modification. 1997;21:379–408. [PubMed: 9337598]

    DADDS1992 (Published Data Only)

    • Dadds MR, McHugh TA. Social support and treatment outcome in behavioral family therapy for child conduct problems. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60:252–259. [PubMed: 1592955]

    DEFFENBACHER1996 (Published Data Only)

    • Deffenbacher JL, Lynch RS, Oetting ER, Kemper CC. Anger reduction in early adolescents. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 1996;43:149–157.

    DESBIENS2003 (Published Data Only)

    • Desbiens N, Royer E. Peer groups and behaviour problems: a study of school-based intervention for children with EBD. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties. 2003;8:120–139.

    DISHION1995 (Published Data Only)

    • Dishion TJ, Andrews DW. Preventing escalation in problem behaviors with high-risk young adolescents: immediate and 1-year outcomes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1995;63:538–548. [PubMed: 7673531]

    DRUGLI2006 (Published Data Only)

    • Drugli MB, Larsson B. Children aged 4–8 years treated with parent training and child therapy because of conduct problem: generalisation effects to day-care and school settings. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2006;15:392–399. [PubMed: 16614786]

    ELIAS2003 (Published Data Only)

    • Elias LC, Marturano EM, De Almeida Motta AM, et al. Treating boys with low school achievement and behavior problems: comparison of two kinds of intervention. Psychological Reports. 2003;92:105–116. [PubMed: 12674267]

    FEINDLER1984 (Published Data Only)

    • Feindler EL, Marriott SA, Iwata M. Group anger control training for junior high school delinquents. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1984;8:299–311.

    FEINFIELD2004 (Published Data Only)

    • Feinfield KA, Baker BL. Empirical support for a treatment program for families of young children with externalizing problems. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. 2004;33:182–195. [PubMed: 15028552]

    FRASER2004 (Published Data Only)

    • Fraser M, Day S, Galinsky M, et al. Conduct problems and peer rejection in childhood: a randomized trial of the Making Choices and Strong Families Programs. Research on Social Work Practice. 2004;14:313–324.

    GARDNER2006 (Published Data Only)

    • Gardner F, Burton J, Kilimes I. Randomised controlled trial of a parenting intervention in the voluntary sector for reducing child conduct problems: outcomes and mechanisms of change. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2006;47:1123–1132. [PubMed: 17076751]

    GORDON1995 (Published Data Only)

    • Gordon DA, Graves K, Arbuthnot J. The effect of functional family therapy for delinquents on adult criminal behavior. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 1995;22:60–73.

    HENGGELER1992 (Published Data Only)

    • Henggeler SW, Melton GB, Smith LA. Family preservation using multisystemic therapy: an effective alternative to incarcerating serious juvenile offenders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60:953–961. [PubMed: 1460157]

    HENGGELER1997 (Published Data Only)

    • Henggeler SW, Melton GB, Brondino MJ, et al. Multisystemic therapy with violent and chronic juvenile offenders and their families: the role of treatment fidelity in successful dissemination. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1997;65:821–833. [PubMed: 9337501]

    HENGGELER1999 (Published Data Only)

    • Henggeler SW, Pickrel SG, Brondino MJ. Multisystemic treatment of substance-abusing and -dependent delinquents: outcomes, treatment fidelity, and transportability. Mental Health Services Research. 1999;1:171–184. [PubMed: 11258740]

    HENGGELER2006 (Published Data Only)

    • Henggeler SW, Halliday-Boykins CA, Cunningham PB, et al. Juvenile drug court: enhancing outcomes by integrating evidence-based treatments. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2006;74:42–54. [PubMed: 16551142]

    HUGHES1988 (Published Data Only)

    • Hughes RC, Wilson PH. Behavioral parent training: contingency management versus communication skills training with or without the participation of the child. Child and Family Behavior Therapy. 1988;10:11–22.

    HUTCHINGS2007 (Published Data Only)

    • Jones K, Daley D, Hutchings T, et al. Efficacy of the Incredibles Years basic parent training programme as an early intervention for children with conduct problems and ADHD. Child: care, health and development. 2007;33:749–756. [PubMed: 17944785]
    • *. Hutchings J, Gardner F, Bywater T, et al. Parenting intervention in Sure Start services for children at risk of developing conduct disorder: pragmatic randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal. 2007;334:678–682. [PMC free article: PMC1839187] [PubMed: 17350966]

    IRELAND2003 (Published Data Only)

    • Ireland JL, Sanders MR, Markie-Dadds C. The impact of parent training on marital functioning: a comparison of two group versions of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program for parents of children with early-onset conduct problems. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 2003;31:127–142.

    IRVINE1999 (Published Data Only)

    • Irvine AB, Biglan A, Smolkowski K, et al. The effectiveness of a parenting skills program for parents of middle school students in small communities. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1999;67:811–825. [PubMed: 10596504]

    ISON2001 (Published Data Only)

    • Ison MS. Training in social skills: an alternative technique for handling disruptive child behavior. Psychological Reports. 2001;88:903–911. [PubMed: 11508042]

    JOURILES2001 (Published Data Only)

    • McDonald R, Jourilles EN, Skopp NA. Reducing conduct problems among children brought to women's shelters: Intervention effects 24 months following termination of services. Journal of Family Psychology. 2006;20:127–136. [PubMed: 16569097]
    • *. Jouriles EN, McDonald R, Spiller L, et al. Reducing conduct problems among children of battered women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2001;69:774–785. [PubMed: 11680554]

    KACIR1999 (Published Data Only)

    • Kacir CD, Gordon DA. Parenting adolescents wisely: the effectiveness of an interactive videodisk parent training program in Appalachia. Child and Family Behaviour Therapy. 1999;21:1–22.

    KAZDIN1987 (Published Data Only)

    • Kazdin AE, Esveldt-Dawson K, French NH, et al. Effects of parent management training and problem-solving skills training combined in the treatment of antisocial child behavior. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1987;26:416–424. [PubMed: 3597299]

    KAZDIN1989 (Published Data Only)

    • Kazdin A, Bass D, Siegel T, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and relationship therapy in the treatment of children referred for antisocial behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57:522–535. [PubMed: 2768614]

    KAZDIN1992 (Published Data Only)

    • Kazdin AE. Child, parent and family dysfunction as predictors of outcome in cognitive-behavioral treatment of antisocial children. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1995;33:271–281. [PubMed: 7726803]
    • *. Kazdin AE, Siegel TC, Bass D. Cognitive problem-solving skills training and parent management training in the treatment of antisocial behavior in children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1992;60:733–747. [PubMed: 1401389]

    KENDALL1990 (Published Data Only)

    • Kendall PC, Reber M, McLeer S, et al. Cognitive-behavioral treatment of conduct-disordered children. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1990;14:279–297.

    LESCHIED2002 (Unpublished Data Only)

    • Leschied AW, Cunningham A. Seeking effective interventions for young offenders: interim results of a four-year randomized study of multisystemic therapy in Ontario, Canada. London, Ontario: Centre for Children and Families in the Justice System; 2002.

    LIPMAN2006 (Published Data Only)

    • Lipman E, Boyle MH, Cunningham C, et al. Testing effectiveness of a community-based aggression management program for children 7 to 11 years old and their families. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2006;45:1085–1093. [PubMed: 16926616]

    LOCHMAN1984 (Published Data Only)

    • Lochman JE. Effects of different treatment lengths in cognitive behavioral interventions with aggressive boys. Child Psychiatry and Human Development. 16:45–56. [PubMed: 4064791]
    • *. Lochman JE, Burch PR, Curry JF, et al. Treatment and generalization effects of cognitive-behavioral and goal-setting interventions with aggressive boys. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52:915–916. [PubMed: 6501680]

    LOCHMAN2002 (Published Data Only)

    • Lochman JE, Wells KC. The Coping Power program at the middle-school transition: universal and indicated prevention effects. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 2002;16:S40–54. [PubMed: 12502276]

    LOCHMAN2004 (Published Data Only)

    • Lochman JE, Wells KC. The Coping Power program for preadolescent aggressive boys and their parents: outcome effects at the 1-year follow-up. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2004;72:571–578. [PubMed: 15301641]

    MAGEN1994 (Published Data Only)

    • Magen RH, Rose SD. Parents in groups: problem solving versus behavioral skills training. Research on Social Work Practice. 1994;4:172–191.

    MARKIE-DADDS2006 (Published Data Only)

    • Markie-Dadds C, Sanders MR. Self-directed Triple P (Positive Parenting Program) for mothers with children at-risk of developing conduct problems. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 2006;34:259–275.

    MARTIN2003 (Published Data Only)

    • Martin AJ, Sanders MR. Balancing work and family: a controlled evaluation of the Triple P- Positive Parenting Program as a work-site intervention. Child and Adolescent Mental Health. 2003;4:161–169. [PubMed: 32797585]

    MCPHERSON1983 (Published Data Only)

    • McPherson SJ, McDonald LE, Ryer CW. Intensive counselling with families of juvenile offenders. Juvenile and Family Court Journal. 1983;28:27–33.

    MICHELSON1983 (Published Data Only)

    • Michelson L, Mannarino AP, Marchione KE, et al. A comparative outcome study of behavioral social skills training, interpersonal problem-solving skills and non-directive control treatments with child psychiatric outpatients. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1983;21:545–556. [PubMed: 6360130]

    NICHOLSON1999 (Published Data Only)

    • Nicholson JM, Sanders MR. Randomized controlled trial of behavioural family intervention for the treatment of child behaviour problems in stepfamilies. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage. 1999;30:1–23.

    NICKEL2005 (Published Data Only)

    • Nickel MK, Krawczyk J, Nickel C, et al. Anger, interpersonal relationships, and health-related quality of life in bullying boys who are treated with outpatient family therapy: a randomized, prospective, controlled trial with 1 year of follow-up. Pediatrics. 2005;116:247–254. [PubMed: 16061577]

    NICKEL2006 (Published Data Only)

    • Nickel MK, Muehlbacher M, Kaplan P, et al. Influence of family therapy on bullying behaviour, cortisol secretion, anger, and quality of life in bullying male adolescents: a randomized, prospective, controlled study. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2006;51:355–362. [PubMed: 16786816]

    NICKEL2006A (Published Data Only)

    • Nickel M, Luley J, Krawczyk J. Bullying girls - changes after brief strategic family therapy: a randomized, prospective, controlled trial with one-year follow up. Psychothery Psychosomatics. 2006;75:47–55. [PubMed: 16361874]

    NIXON2003 (Published Data Only)

    • Nixon RDV, Erickson DB, Touyz SW. Parent-child interaction therapy: a comparison of standard and abbreviated treatments for oppositional defiant preschoolers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2003;2:251–260. [PubMed: 12699020]

    NOCK2005 (Published Data Only)

    • Nock MK, Kazdin AE. Randomized controlled trial of a brief intervention for increasing participation in parent management training. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2005;73:872–879. [PubMed: 16287387]

    OGDEN2004 (Published Data Only)

    • Ogden T, Hagen KA. Multisystemic treatment of serious behaviour problems in youth: substainability of effectiveness two years after intake. Child and Adolescent Mental Health. 2006;11:142–149. [PubMed: 32811000]
    • *. Ogden T, Halliday-Boykins CA. Multisystemic treatment of antisocial adolescents in Norway: replication of clinical outcomes outside of the US. Child and Adolescent Mental Health. 2004;9:77–83. [PubMed: 32797502]

    OMIZO1988 (Published Data Only)

    • Omizo MM, Hershberger JM, Omizo SA. Teaching children to cope with anger. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling. 1988;22:241–245.

    PATTERSON2007 (Published Data Only)

    • Patterson J, Barlow J, Mockford C, et al. Improving mental health through parenting programmes: block randomised controlled trial. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2007;87:472–477. [PMC free article: PMC1755810] [PubMed: 12456542]

    PEPLER1995 (Published Data Only)

    • Pepler DJ, King G, Craig W, et al. The development and evaluation of a multisystem social skills group training program for aggressive children. Child and Youth Care Forum. 1995;24:297–313.

    ROWLAND2005 (Published Data Only)

    • Rowland MD, Halliday-Boykins CA, Henggeler SW, et al. A randomized trial of multisystemic therapy with Hawaii's Felix class youths. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. 2005;13:13–23.

    SANDERS2000 (Published Data Only)

    • Sanders MR, Montgomery DT, Brechman-Toussaint ML. The mass media and the prevention of child behavior problems: the evaluation of a television series to promote positive outcomes for parents and their children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2000;41:939–948. [PubMed: 11079436]

    SANDERS2000A (Published Data Only)

    • *. Sanders MR, Markie-Dadds C, Tully LA, et al. The Triple Positive Parenting Program: a comparison of enhanced, standard, and self-directed behavioral family intervention for parents of children with early onset conduct problems. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2000;68:624–640. [PubMed: 10965638]
    • Bor W, Sanders MR, Markie-Dadds C. The effects of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program on preschool children with co-occurring disruptive behavior and attentional/hyperactive difficulties. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2000;30:571–587. [PubMed: 12481972]

    SANDERS2000B (Published Data Only)

    • Sanders MR, McFarland M. Treatment of depressed mothers with disruptive children: a controlled evaluation of cognitive behavioral family intervention. Behavior Therapy. 2000;31:89–112.

    SANTISTEBAN2003 (Published Data Only)

    • Santisteban DA, Coatsworth JD, Perez-Vidal A, et al. Efficacy of brief strategic family therapy in modifying Hispanic adolescent behavior problems and substance use. Journal of Family Psychology. 2003;17:121–133. [PMC free article: PMC1480818] [PubMed: 12666468]

    SAYGER1988 (Published Data Only)

    • Sayger T, Horne A, Walker J, et al. Social learning family therapy with aggressive children: treatment outcome and maintenance. Journal of Family Psychology. 1988;1:261–285.

    SCOTT2001 (Published Data Only)

    • Scott S. Do parenting programmes for severe child antisocial behaviour work over the longer term, and for whom? One year follow-up of a multi-centre controlled trial. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 2005;33:403–421.
    • *. Scott S, Spender Q, Doolan M, et al. Multicentre controlled trial of parenting groups for childhood antisocial behaviour in clinical practice. British Medical Journal. 2001;323:1–7. [PMC free article: PMC35270] [PubMed: 11473908]

    SCOTT2006 (Published Data Only)

    • Scott S, O'Connor T, Futh A. What makes parenting programmes work in disadvantaged areas? The PALS trial. London: Joseph Rowntree Foundation; 2006.

    SHECHTMAN2000 (Published Data Only)

    • Shechtman Z. An innovative intervention for treatment of child and adolescent aggression: an outcome study. Psychology in the Schools. 2000;37:157–167.

    STEWART-BROWN2007 (Published Data Only)

    • Stewart-Brown S, Patterson J, Mockford C, et al. Impact of a general practice based group parenting programme: quantitative and qualitative results from a controlled trial at 12 months. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2007;89:519–525. [PMC free article: PMC1719934] [PubMed: 15155394]

    STOLK2008 (Published Data Only)

    • Stolk M, Mesman J, van Zeijl J, et al. Early parenting intervention: family risk and first-time parenting related to intervention effectiveness. Journal of Child and Family Studies. 2008;17:55–83.

    STRAYHORN1989 (Published Data Only)

    • Strayhorn JM, Weidman CS. Follow-up one year after parent child interaction training: effects on behavior of preschool children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1991;30:138–143. [PubMed: 2005049]
    • *. Strayhorn JM, Weidman CS. Reduction of attention deficit and internalizing symptoms in preschooler through parent-child interaction training. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1989;28:888–896. [PubMed: 2808259]

    SUKHODOLSKY2000 (Published Data Only)

    • Sukhodolsky DG, Solomon RM, Perine J. Cognitive-behavioral, anger-control intervention for elementary school children: a treatment-outcome study. Journal of Child and Adolescent Group Therapy. 2000;10:159–170.

    SZAPOCZNIK1989 (Published Data Only)

    • Szapocznik J, Rio A, Murray E, et al. Structural family versus psychodynamic child therapy for problematic hispanic boys. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57:571–578. [PubMed: 2794177]

    TAYLOR1998 (Published Data Only)

    • Taylor TK, Schmidt F, Pepler D. A comparison of eclectic treatment with Webster-Stratton's parents and children series in a children's mental health center: a randomized controlled trial. Behavior Therapy. 1998;29:221–240.

    TIMMONS-MITCHELL2006 (Published Data Only)

    • Timmons-Mitchell J, Bender MB, Kishna MA, et al. An independent effectiveness trial of multisystemic therapy with juvenile justice youth. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. 2006;35:227–236. [PubMed: 16597218]

    TURNER2006 (Published Data Only)

    • Turner KMT, Sanders MR. Help when it's needed first: a controlled evaluation of brief, preventive behavioral family intervention in a primary care setting. Behavior Therapy. 2006;37:131–142. [PubMed: 16942967]

    TURNER2007 (Published Data Only)

    • Turner KMT, Richards M, Sanders MR. Randomised clinical trials of a group parent education programme for Australian indigenous families. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 2007;43:429–437. [PubMed: 17535171]

    VAN MANEN2004 (Published Data Only)

    • Van Manen TG, Prins PJM, Emmelkamp PMG. Reducing aggressive behavior in boys with a social cognitive group treatment: results of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2004;43:1478–1487. [PubMed: 15564817]

    WEBSTER-STRATTON1984 (Published Data Only)

    • Webster-Stratton. Randomized trial of two parent-training programs for families with conduct-disordered children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52:666–678. [PubMed: 6470293]

    WEBSTER-STRATTON1988 (Published Data Only)

    • Webster-Stratton C, Kolpacoff M, Hollinsworth T. Self-administered videotape therapy for families with conduct-problem children: comparison with two cost-effective treatments and a control group. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1988;56:558–566. [PubMed: 3143750]

    WEBSTER-STRATTON1990 (Published Data Only)

    • Webster-Stratton C. Enhancing the effectivess of self-administered videotape parent training for families with conduct-problem children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1990;18:479–492. [PubMed: 2266221]

    WEBSTER-STRATTON1992 (Published Data Only)

    • Webster-Stratton C. Individually administered videotape parent training: "who benefits?". Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1992;16:31–35.

    WEBSTER- STRATTON1994 (Published Data Only)

    • Webster-Stratton C. Advancing videotape parent training: a comparison study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1994;62:583–593. [PubMed: 8063985]

    WEBSTER-STRATTON1997 (Published Data Only)

    • Hartman RR, Stage SA, Webster-Stratton C. A growth curve analysis of parent training outcomes: examining the influence of child risk factors (inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity problems), parental and family risk factors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2003;44:388–398. [PubMed: 12635968]
    • Webster-Stratton C, Reid J, Hammond M. Social skills and problem-solving training for children with early onset conduct problems who benefits? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2001;42:943–952. [PubMed: 11693589]
    • *. Webster-Stratton C, Hammond M. Treating children with early-onset conduct problems: a comparison of child and parent training interventions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1997;65:93–109. [PubMed: 9103739]

References of Excluded Studies

    ABELL2001 (Published Data Only)

    • Abell ML, Fraser MW, Galinsky MJ. Early intervention for aggressive behavior in childhood: a pilot study of a multi-component intervention with elementary school children and their families. Journal of Family Social work. 2001;6:19–37.

    ADAMS1992 (Published Data Only)

    • Adams CD, Kelley ML. Managing sibling aggression: over correction as an alternative to time-out. Behavior Therapy. 1992;23:707–717.

    ANTSHEL2003 (Published Data Only)

    • Antshel KM, Remer R. Social skills training in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. 2003;32:153–165. [PubMed: 12611031]

    ARBUTHNOT1986 (Published Data Only)

    • Arbuthnot J, Gordon DA. Behavioral and cognitive effects of a moral resoning development intervention for high risk behavior disordered adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1986;54:208–216. [PubMed: 3700808]

    ARMSTRONG1994 (Published Data Only)

    BARTON1985 (Published Data Only)

    • Barton C, Alexander JF, Waldron H, et al. Generalizing treatment effects on functional family therapy: three replications. American Journal of Family Therapy. 1985;13:16–26.

    BERNAL1980 (Published Data Only)

    • Bernal ME, Klinnert MD, Schultz LA. Outcome evaluation of behavioral parent training and client-centered parent counseling for children with conduct problems. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 1980;13:677–691. [PMC free article: PMC1308173] [PubMed: 7204284]

    BIENERT1995 (Published Data Only)

    • Bienert H, Schneider BH. Deficit-specific social skills training with peer-nominated aggressive-disruptive and sensitive-isolated preadolescents. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology. 1995;24:287–299.

    BIERMAN1987 (Published Data Only)

    • Bierman KL, Miller CL, Stabb SD. Improving the social behavior and peer acceptance of rejected boys: effects of social skills training with instructions and prohibitions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1987;55:194–200. [PubMed: 3571672]

    BIERNERT1995 (Published Data Only)

    • Biernert H, Schneider BH. Deficit-specific social skills training with peer-nominated aggressive-disruptive and sensitive-isolated preadolescents. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology. 1995;24:287–299.

    BLUE1981 (Published Data Only)

    • Blue SW, Madsen CH, Heimberg RG. Increasing coping behavior in children with aggressive behavior: evaluation of the relative efficacy of the components of a treatment package. 1981

    BORDUIN1990 (Published Data Only)

    • Borduin CM, Henggeler SW, Blaske DM, et al. Multisystemic treatment of adolescent sexual offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. 1990;34:105–113.

    BOSWORTH2000 (Published Data Only)

    • Bosworth K, Espelage D, Dubay T, et al. Preliminary evaluation of a multimedia violence prevention program for adolescents. American Journal of Health Behavior. 2000;24:268–280.

    BRESTAN1997 (Published Data Only)

    • Brestan EV, Eyberg S, Boggs SR, et al. Parent-child interaction therapy: parents' perceptions of untreated siblings. Child and Family Behavior Therapy. 1997;19:13–28.

    BROTMAN2007 (Published Data Only)

    • Brotman LM, Gouley KK, Huang KY, et al. Effects of a psychosocial family-based preventive intervention on cortisol response to a social challenge in preschoolers at high risk for antisocial behavior. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2007;64:1172–1179. [PubMed: 17909129]

    BRUNK1987 (Published Data Only)

    • Brunk M, Henggeler SW, Whelan JP. Comparison of multisystemic therapy and parent training in the brief treatment of child abuse and neglect. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1987;55:171–178. [PubMed: 3571669]

    CAMP1977 (Published Data Only)

    • Camp BW, Blom GE, Hebert F, et al. 'Think Aloud': a program for developing self-control in young aggressive boys. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1977;5:157–169. [PubMed: 886092]

    CHUNG1994 (Published Data Only)

    • Chung MLF. Can reality therapy help juvenile delinquents in Hong Kong? Journal of Reality Therapy. 1994;14:68–80.

    CIRILLO1998 (Published Data Only)

    • Cirillo KJ, Pruitt BE, Colwell B, et al. School violence: prevalence and intervention strategies for at-risk adolescent. Adolescence. 1998;33:319–330. [PubMed: 9706319]

    COATS1979 (Published Data Only)

    • Coats KI. Cognitive self-instructional training approach for reducing disruptive behavior of young children. Psychological Reports. 1979;44:127–134. [PubMed: 461602]

    CULLEN1996 (Published Data Only)

    • Cullen KJ, Cullen AM. Long-term follow-up of the Busselton six-year controlled trial of prevention of children's behavior disorders. The Journal of Pediatrics. 1996;129:136–139. [PubMed: 8757573]

    CUNNINGHAM1995 (Published Data Only)

    • Cunningham CE, Bremner R, Boyle M. Large group community-based parenting programs for families of preschoolers at risk for disruptive behaviour disorders: utilixation, cost effectiveness and outcome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 1995;36:1141–1159. [PubMed: 8847377]

    DADDS1987 (Published Data Only)

    • Dadds MR, Schwartz S, Sanders MR. Marital discord and treatment outcome in behavioral treatment of child conduct disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1987;55:396–403. [PubMed: 3597955]

    DEAN2007 (Published Data Only)

    • Dean AJ, Duke SG, George M, Scott J. Behavioral management leads to reduction in aggression in a child and adolescent psychiatric inpatient unit. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2007;46:711–720. [PubMed: 17513983]

    DEROSIER2007 (Published Data Only)

    • DeRosier M, Gilliom M. Effectiveness of a parent training program for improving children's social behavior. Journal of Child and Family Studies. 2007;16:660–670.

    DOZIER2006 (Published Data Only)

    • Dozier M, Peloso E, Lindhiem O, et al. Developing evidence-based interventions for foster children: an example of a randomized clinical trial with infants and toddlers. Journal of Social Issues. 2006;62:767–785.

    DUBOW1987 (Published Data Only)

    • Dubow EF, Huesmann LR, Eron LD. Mitigating aggression and promoting prosocial behavior in aggressive elementary schoolboys. Behaviour Research & Therapy. 1987;25:527–531. [PubMed: 3426514]

    DUPPER1993 (Published Data Only)

    • Dupper D, Krishef C. School-based social-cognitive skills training for middle school students with school behavior problems. Children and Youth Services Review. 1993;15:131–142.

    EMSHOFF1983

    • Emshoff JG, Blakely CH. The diversion of delinquent youth: family-focused intervention. Child and Youth Services Review. 1983;5:343–356.

    FENNELL1998

    • Fennell DC, Fishel AH. Parent education: an evaluation of STEP on abusive parents' perception and abuse potential. Journal of Child Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing. 1998;11:107–125. [PubMed: 10205417]

    FERGUSSON2006 (Published Data Only)

    • Fergusson DM, Grant H, Horwood J, et al. Randomized trial of the early start program of home visitation: parent and family outcomes. Pediatrics. 2006;117:781–786. [PubMed: 16510658]

    FESHBACH1979 (Published Data Only)

    • Feschbach. Empathy training: a field study in affective education, Aggression and behavior change: biological and social processes. Feschbach S, Fraczeck A, editors. New York: Praeger; 1979. pp. 234–249.

    FISHER1999 (Published Data Only)

    FISHER1999A (Published Data Only)

    • Fisher P, Ellis H, Chamberlain P. Early intervention foster care: a model for preventing risk in young children who have been maltreated. Children's Services: Social Policy, Research and Practice. 1999;2:159–182.

    FORMAN1980 (Published Data Only)

    • Forman SG. A comparison of cognitive training and response cost procedures in modifying aggressive behavior of elementary school children. Behavior Therapy. 1980;11:594–600.

    FORREST1984 (Published Data Only)

    • Forrest P, Holland C, Daly R, et al. When parents become therapists: their attitudes toward parenting three years later. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health. 1984;3:49–54.

    FRANKEL1997 (Published Data Only)

    • Frankel F, Myattm R, Cantwell DP, et al. Parent-assisted transfer of children's social skills training: effects on children with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1997;36:1056–1064. [PubMed: 9256585]

    FUNG2006 (Published Data Only)

    • Fung A, Tsang SHKM. Parent-child parallel-group intervention for childhood aggression in Hong Kong. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties. 2006;11:31–48.

    GANT1981 (Published Data Only)

    • Gant BL, Barnard JD, Kuehn FE, et al. A behaviorally based approach for improving intrafamilial communication patterns. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology. 1981;10:102–106.

    GARDNER2007 (Published Data Only)

    • Gardner F, Shaw DS, Dishion TJ, et al. Randomized prevention trial for early conduct problems: effects on proactive parenting and links to toddler disruptive behavior. Journal of Family Psychology. 2007;21:398–406. [PubMed: 17874925]

    GARRISON1983 (Published Data Only)

    • Garrison SR, Stolberg AL. Modification of anger in children by affective imagery training. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1983;11:115–130. [PubMed: 6853874]

    GREENE2004 (Published Data Only)

    • Greene RW, Ablon S, Goring JC, et al. Effectiveness of collaborative problem solving in affectively dysregulated children with oppositional-defiant disorder: initial findings. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2004;72:1157–1164. [PubMed: 15612861]

    GRIZENKO1994 (Published Data Only)

    • Grizenko N, Sayegh L, Papineau D. Predicting outcome in a multimodal day treatment program for children with severe behaviour problems. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 1994;39:557–562. [PubMed: 7874658]

    GRIZENKO1997 (Published Data Only)

    • Grikzenko N. Outcome of multimodal day treatment for children with severe behavior problems: a five-year follow-up. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1997;36:989–997. [PubMed: 9204678]

    GROSS1995 (Published Data Only)

    • Gross D, Fogg L, Tucker S. The efficacy of parent training for promoting positive parent-toddler relationships. Research in Nursing and Health. 1995;18:489–499. [PubMed: 7480850]

    HARRINGTON2000 (Published Data Only)

    • Harringon R, Peters S, Green J, et al. Randomised comparison of the effectiveness and costs of community and hospital based mental health services for children with behavioural disorders. British Medical Journal. 2000;321:1–5. [PMC free article: PMC27511] [PubMed: 11053174]

    HENGGELER1991 (Published Data Only)

    • Henggeler SW, Borduin CM, Melton GB. Effects of multisystemic therapy on drug use and abuse in serious juvenile offenders: a progress report from two outcome studies. Family Dynamics of Addiction Quarterly. 1991;1:40–51.

    HENGGELER1999A

    • Henggeler SW, Rowland MD, Randall J, et al. Home-based multisystemtic therapy as an alternative to the hospitalization of youths in psychiatric crisis: clinical outcomes. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1999;38:1331–1339. [PubMed: 10560218]

    HENRY2004 (Published Data Only)

    • Henry DB, Farrell AD. The Multisite Violence Prevention Project. The study designed by a committee: design of the multisite violence prevention project. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2004;26:12–19. [PMC free article: PMC2758641] [PubMed: 14732183]

    HINSHAW2000 (Published Data Only)

    • Hinshaw SP, Owens EB, Wells KC, et al. Family processes and treatment outcome in the MTA: negative/ineffective parenting practices in relation to multimodal treatment. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2000;28:555–568. [PubMed: 11104317]

    HOATH2002 (Published Data Only)

    • Hoath FE, Sanders MR. A feasibility study of Enhanced Group Triple P - Positive parenting program for parents of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Behaviour Change. 2002;19:191–206.

    HOBBS1984

    • Hobbs SA, Walle DL, Caldwell SH. Maternal evaluation of social reinforcement and time-out: effects of brief parent training. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1984;52:135–136. [PubMed: 6699243]

    HUDLEY1993 (Published Data Only)

    • Hudley C, Graham S. An attributional intervention to reduce peer-directed aggression among African-American boys. Child Development. 1993;74:124–138. [PubMed: 8436025]

    HUEY1984 (Published Data Only)

    • Huey WC, Rank RC. Effects of counselor and peer-led group assertive training on black adolescent aggression. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 1984;31:95–98.

    HUGHES1988 (Published Data Only)

    • Hughes RC, Wilson PH. Behavioral parent training: contingency management versus communication skills training with or without the participation of the child. Child and Family Behavior Therapy. 1988;10:11–22.

    IALONGO1993 (Published Data Only)

    • Ialongo NS, Horn WF, Pascoe JM, et al. The effects of a multimodal intervention with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder children: a 9-month follow-up. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1993;32:182–189. [PubMed: 8428870]

    KAMON2005 (Published Data Only)

    • Kamon J, Budney Al, Stanger C. A contingency management intervention for adolescent marijuana abuse and conduct problems. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2005;44:513–521. [PubMed: 15908833]

    KANNAPPAN1993

    • Kannappan R. Control intervention for behavioural deviance in adolescent deviant boys. Indian Journal of Criminology. 1993;21:95–97.

    KAZDIN2003 (Published Data Only)

    • Kazdin AE, Whitley MK. Treatment of parental stress to enhance therapeutic change among children referred for aggressive and antisocial behaviour. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2003;71:504–515. [PubMed: 12795574]

    KAZDIN2003A (Published Data Only)

    • Kazdin A, Whitley M. Helping parents solve stressful life problems enhances the effectiveness of interventions for child aggression and antisocial behaviour. Evidence Based Mental Health. 2003;6:120–121. [PubMed: 14585793]

    KELLNER1999 (Published Data Only)

    • Kellner MH, Bry BH. The effects of anger management groups in a day school for emotionally disturbed adolescents. Adolescence. 1999;34:645–650. [PubMed: 10730689]

    KNAPP1989 (Published Data Only)

    • Knapp PA, Deluty RH. Relative effectiveness of two behavioral parent training programs. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology. 1989;18:314–322.

    LANE1999 (Published Data Only)

    • Lane LK. Young students at risk for antisocial behavior: the utility of academic and social skills interventions. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. 1999;7:211–223.

    LARKIN1999 (Published Data Only)

    • Larkin R, Thyer BA. Evaluating cognitive-behavioral group counseling to improve elementary school students' self-esteem, self-control, and classroom behavior. Behavioral Interventions. 1999;14:147.

    LEE1979 (Published Data Only)

    • Lee DY, Hallberg ET, Hassard H. Effects of assesrtion training on aggressive behavior of adolescents. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 1979;26:459–461.

    LEIBER1995 (Published Data Only)

    • Leiber MJ, Mawhorr TL. Evaluating the use of social skills training and employment with delinquent youth. Journal of Criminal Justice. 1995;23:127–141.

    LESURE-LESTER2002

    • LeSure-Lester GE. An application of cognitive-behavior principles in the reduction of aggression among abused African American adolescents. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2002;17:394–402.

    LEWIS1986 (Published Data Only)

    • Lewis WM. Group training for parents of children with behavior problems. Journal for Specialists in Group Work. 1986;11:194–199.

    LOCHMAN1993 (Published Data Only)

    • Lochman JE, Coie JD, Underwood MK, et al. Effectiveness of a social relations intervention program for aggressive and nonaggressive, rejected children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61:1053–1058. [PubMed: 8113483]

    LOCHMAN2003A (Published Data Only)

    • Lochman JE, Coie JD, Underwood MK, et al. Effectiveness of a social relations intervention program for aggressive and nonaggressive, rejected children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61:1053–1058. [PubMed: 8113483]

    LONG1993 (Published Data Only)

    • Long N, Rickert VI, Ashcraft EW. Bibliotherapy as an adjunct to stimulant mediction in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Pediatric Health Care. 1993;7:82–88. [PubMed: 8492283]

    LOVERING2006 (Published Data Only)

    • Lovering K, Frampton I, Crowe B. Community-based early intervention for children with behavioural, emotional and social problems: evaluation of the Scallywags Scheme. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties. 2006;11:83–104.

    LUK1998 (Published Data Only)

    • Luk ESL, Staiger P, Mathai J, et al. Comparison of treatment of persistent conduct problems in primary school children: a preliminary evaluation of a modified cognitive-behavioural approach. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 1998;32:379–386. [PubMed: 9672727]

    MACDONALD2005 (Published Data Only)

    • Macdonald G, Turner W. An experiment in helping foster-carers manage challenging behaviour. British Journal of Social Work. 2005;35:1265–1282.

    MAGER2005

    • Mager W, Milich R, Harris MJ, et al. Intervention groups for adolescents with conduct problems: is aggregation harmful or helpful? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2005;33:349–362. [PubMed: 15957562]

    MARTSCH2005 (Published Data Only)

    • Martsch MD. A comparison of two group interventions for adolescent aggression: high process versus low process. Research on Social Work Practice. 2005;15:8–18.

    MCMAHON1981 (Published Data Only)

    • McMahon RJ, Forehand R, Griest DL. Effects of knowledge of social learning principles on enhancing treatment outcome and generalization in a parent training program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1981;49:523–532. [PubMed: 7264034]

    MULTISITE2004 (Published Data Only)

    MUNTZ2004 (Published Data Only)

    • Muntz R, Hutchngs J, Edwards R-T, Hounsome B, et al. Economic evaluation of treatments for children with severe behavioural problems. The Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics. 2004;7:177–189. [PubMed: 15701933]

    MURIS2005 (Published Data Only)

    • Muris P, Meesters C, Vincken M, et al. Reducing children's aggressive and oppositional behaviors in the schools: preliminary results on the effectiveness of a social-cognitive group intervention program. Child and Family Behavior Therapy. 2005;27:17–32.

    MYERS2000 (Published Data Only)

    • Myers WC, Burton PRS, Sanders PD. Project back-on track at 1 year: a delinquency treatment program for early-career juvenile offenders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2000;39:1127–1134. [PubMed: 10986809]

    NILES1986 (Published Data Only)

    • Niles WJ. Effects of a moral development discussion group on delinquent and predelinquent boys. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1986;33:45–51.

    NILSEN2007 (Published Data Only)

    • Nilsen W. Fostering futures: a preventive intervention program for school-age children in foster care. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2007;12:45–63. [PubMed: 17378079]

    ONIEL2002 (Published Data Only)

    • O'Neill H, Woodward R. Evaluation of the Parenting Wisely CD-ROM Parent-Training Programme: an Irish replication. Irish Journal of Psychology. 2002;23:62–72.

    PAINTER1999

    • Painter LT, Cook WJ, Silverman PS. The effects of therapeutic storytelling and behavioral parent training on noncompliant behavior in young boys. Child and Family Behavior Therapy. 1999;21:47–66.

    PATTERSON1982

    • Patterson GR, Chamberlain P, Reid JB. A comparative evaluation of a parent-training program. Behavior Therapy. 1982;13:638–650. [PubMed: 27993334]

    PATTERSON1990 (Published Data Only)

    • Patterson GR, Narrett CM. The development of a reliable and valid treatment program for aggressive young children. International Journal of Mental Health. 1990;19:19–26.

    PEVSNER1992 (Published Data Only)

    • Pevsner R. Group parent training versus individual family therapy: an outcome study. Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 1992;13:119–122. [PubMed: 7130407]

    PFIFFNER1990 (Published Data Only)

    • Pfiffner LJ, Jouriles EN, Brown MM, et al. Effects of problem-solving therapy on outcomes of parent training on single-parent families. Child and Family Behavior Therapy. 1990;12:1–11.

    PFIFFNER1997 (Published Data Only)

    • Pfiffner LJ, McBurnett K. Social skills training with parent generalization: treatment effects for children with attention deficit disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1997;65:749–757. [PubMed: 9337494]

    PISTERMAN1989 (Published Data Only)

    • Pisterman S, McGarth P, Firestone P, et al. Outcome of parent-mediated treatment of preschoolers with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989;57:628–635. [PubMed: 2794183]

    PISTERMAN1992 (Published Data Only)

    • Pisterman S, Firestone P, McGarth P, et al. The role of parent training in treatment of preschoolers with ADHD. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 1992;62:397–408. [PubMed: 1497105]

    POWERS1995 (Published Data Only)

    • Powers SW, Roberts MW. Simulation training with parents of oppositional children: preliminary findings. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology. 1995;24:89–97.

    PRENTICE1972 (Published Data Only)

    • Prentice NM. The influence of live and symbolic modeling on promoting oral judgement of adolescent delinquents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1972;80:157–161. [PubMed: 4116549]

    PRINZ1994 (Published Data Only)

    • Prinz RJ, Miller GE. Family-based treatment for childhood antisocial behavior: experimental influences on dropout and engagement. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1994;62:645–650. [PubMed: 8063993]

    PRINZ2000 (Published Data Only)

    • Prinz RJ, Dumas JE, Smith EP. The early alliance prevention trial: a dual design to test reduction of risk for conduct problems, substance abuse, and school failure in childhood. Controlled Clinical Trials. 2000;21:286–302. [PubMed: 10822124]

    RAUE1985 (Published Data Only)

    • Raue J, Spence SH. Group versus individual applications of reciprocity training for parent-youth confflict. Behaviour Research Therapy. 1985;23:177–186. [PubMed: 4004696]

    REARDON1977 (Published Data Only)

    • Reardon JP, Tosi DJ. The effects of rational stage directed imagery on self-concept and reduction of psychological stress in adolescent delinquent females. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1977;33:1084–1092. [PubMed: 925164]

    REID2004 (Published Data Only)

    • Reid JM, Webster-Stratton C, Baydar N. Halting the development of conduct problems in head start children: the effects of parent training. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. 2004;33:279–291. [PubMed: 15136193]

    REYNOLDS1997 (Published Data Only)

    • Reynolds LK, Kelley ML. The efficacy of a response cost-based treatment package for managing aggressive behavior in preschoolers. Behavior Modification. 1997;21:216–230. [PubMed: 9086867]

    RICKEL1983 (Published Data Only)

    • Rickel AU, Eshelman AK, Loigman GA. Social problem solving training: a follow-up study of cognitive and behavioral effects. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1983;11:15–28. [PubMed: 6853877]

    RIMM1974 (Published Data Only)

    • Rimm DC, Hill GA, Brown NN, et al. Group-assertive training in treatment of expression of inappropriate anger. Psychological Reports. 1974;34:791–798. [PubMed: 4846914]

    ROBINSON2001 (Published Data Only)

    • Robinson TN, Wilde ML, Narvacruz LC, et al. Effects of reducing children's television and video game use on aggressive behavior. Archives of Prediatric Adolescent Medicine. 2001;155:17–23. [PubMed: 11177057]

    ROHDE2004A (Published Data Only)

    • Rohde P, Clarke GN, Mace DE, et al. An efficacy/effectiveness study of cognitive-behavioral treatment for adolescents with comorbid major depression and conduct disorder. Journal of American Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2004;43:660–676. [PubMed: 15167082]

    SANDERS1985 (Published Data Only)

    • Sanders MR, Christensen AP. A comparison of the effects of child management and planned activities training in five parenting environments. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1985;13:101–117. [PubMed: 3973246]

    SANDERS2001 (Published Data Only)

    • Sanders MR, Markie-Dadds C, Tully LA, et al. Behavioural family therapy reduced disruptive behaviour in children at risk for developing conduct problems. Evidence-Based Mental Health. 2001;4:20.

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    • Sanders MR, Pidgeon AM, Gravestock F. Does parental attributional retraining and anger management enhance the effects of the Triple-P-Positive Parenting Program with parents at risk of child maltreatment. Behavior Therapy. 2004;35:513–535.

    SCHUHMANN1998

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    SCHULTZ1980

    • Schultz CL, Nystul MS, Law HG. Attitudinal outcomes of theoretical models of parent group education. Journal of Individual Psychology. 1980;36:16–28.

    SCHWITZGEBEL1964 (Published Data Only)

    • Schwitzgebel R, Kolb DA. Inducing behaviour change in adolescent delinquents. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1964;1:297–304.

    SHAW2006 (Published Data Only)

    • Shaw DS, Supplee L, Dishion TK, et al. Randomized trial of a family-centered approach to the prevention of early conduct problems: 2-year effects of the family check-up in early childhood. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2006;74:1–9. [PubMed: 16551138]

    SHECHTMAN2006 (Published Data Only)

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    SHECHTMAN2006A (Published Data Only)

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    SHORE1977 (Published Data Only)

    • Shore MF. Evaluation of a community-based clinical program for antisocial youth. Evaluation: The Internation Journal of Theory, Research and Practice. 1977;477:104–107.

    SIEGERT1980 (Published Data Only)

    • Siegert FE, Yates BT. Behavioral child management cost-effectivemess: a comparison of individual in-office, individual in-home, and group delivery systems. Evaluation and the Health Professions. 1980;3:123–152.

    SMITH2004 (Published Data Only)

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    SNYDER1999 (Published Data Only)

    • Snyder K, Kymissis P, Kessler K. Anger management for adolescents: efficacy of brief group therapy. Journal of the American Academy for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1999;38:1409–1416. [PubMed: 10560228]

    SPOTH2007 (Published Data Only)

    • Spoth R, Clair S, Greenberg M, et al. Toward dissemination of evidence-based family interventions: maintenance of community-based partnerships recruitment results and associated factors. Journal of Family Psychology. 2007;21:137–146. [PMC free article: PMC2848497] [PubMed: 17605536]

    STANTON2004 (Published Data Only)

    • Stanton B, Cole M, Galbraith J, et al. Randomized trial of a parent intervention. Archive of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine. 2004;158:947–955. [PubMed: 15466681]

    STERN1999 (Published Data Only)

    • Stern S. Anger management in parent-adolescent conflict. American Journal of Family Therapy. 1999;27:181–193.

    STRAND2002 (Published Data Only)

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    SUKHODOLSKY2005 (Published Data Only)

    • Sukhodolsky DG, Golub A, Stone EC. Dismantling anger control training for children: a randomized pilot study of social problem-solving versus social skills training components. Behavior Therapy. 2005;36:15–23.

    SUTTON1995 (Published Data Only)

    • Sutton C. Parent training by telephone: a partial replication. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 1995;23:1–24.

    TANNER1988 (Published Data Only)

    • Tanner VI, Holliman WB. Effectiveness of assertiveness training in modifying aggressive behaviors of young children. Psychological Reports. 1988;62:39–46. [PubMed: 3363075]

    TEGLASI2001 (Published Data Only)

    • Teglasi H, Rothman L. STORIES: a classroom-based program to reduce aggressive behavior. Journal of School Psychology. 2001;39:71–94.

    TWEMLOW2003 (Published Data Only)

    • Twemlow SW, Fonagy P, Sacco FC. Modifying social aggression in schools. Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies. 2003;5:211–220.

    VAN DE WIEL2007 (Published Data Only)

    • Van de Wiel NMH, Matthys W, Cohen-Kettensi PT, et al. The effectiveness of an experimental treatment when compared to care as usual depends on the type of care as usual. Behavior Modification. 2007;31:298–312. [PubMed: 17438344]

    WILLIFORD2008 (Published Data Only)

    • Williford AP, Shelton TL. Using mental health consultation to decrease disruptive behaviors in preschoolers: adapting an empirically-supported intervention. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2008;49:191–200. [PubMed: 18211278]

    WILMSHURST2002 (Published Data Only)

    • Wilmshurst LA. Treatment programs for youth with emotional and behavioral disorders: an outcome study of two alternate approaches. Mental Health Services Research. 2002;4:85–96. [PubMed: 12090310]

    WINSBERG1980 (Published Data Only)

    • Winsberg BG, Bialer I, Kupietz S, et al. Home vs hospital care of children with behavior disorders: a controlled investigation. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1980;37:413–418. [PubMed: 7362427]

    WOLCHIK1993 (Published Data Only)

    • Wolchik SA, West SG, Westover S, et al. The children of divorce parenting intervention: outcome evaluation of an empirically based program. American Journal of Community Psychology. 1993;21:293–331. [PubMed: 8311029]

    ZANGWILL1983

    • Zangwill WM. An evaluation of a parent training program. Child and Family Behavior Therapy. 1983;5:1–16.

Characteristics Table for The Clinical Question: What are the best interventions for young offenders?

Comparisons Included in this Clinical Question

Group based cognitive and behavioural intervention versus control
GUERRA1990
LEEMAN1993
OSTROM1971
PULLEN1996
ROHDE2004
SCHLICHTER1981
SHIVRATTAN1988
SPENCE1981		Multi-component intervention versus control
DEMBO2000
ELROD1992
GREENWOOD1993

Characteristics of Included Studies

Characteristics of Excluded Studies

References of Included Studies

    DEMBO2000 (Published Data Only)

    • Dembo R, Ramirez-Garnica G, Rollie MW, et al. Impact of a family empowerment intervention on youth recidivism. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation. 2000;30:59–98.
    • *. Dembo R, Ramirez-Garnica G, Rollie M, et al. Youth recidivism twelve months after a family empowerment intervention: final report. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation. 2000;31:29–65.

    ELROD1992 (Published Data Only)

    • Elrod HP, Minor KI. Second wave evaluation of a multi-faceted intervention for juvenile court probationers. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. 1992;36:247–262.

    GREENWOOD1993 (Published Data Only)

    • Greenwood PW, Turner S. Evaluation of the Paint Creek Youth Center: a residential program for serious delinquents. Criminology. 1993;31:263–279.

    GUERRA1990 (Published Data Only)

    • Guerra NG, Slaby RG. Cognitive mediators of aggression in adolescent offenders: 2. intervention. Developmental Psychology. 1990;26:269–277.

    LEEMAN1993 (Published Data Only)

    • Leeman LW. Evaluation of a multi-component group treatment program for juvenile delinquents. Aggressive Behavior. 1993;19:281–292.

    OSTROM1971 (Published Data Only)

    • Ostrom TM, Steele CM, Rosenblood LK, et al. Modification of delinquent behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 1971;1:118–136.

    PULLEN1996 (Published Data Only)

    • Pullen S, English K, Woodward B, et al. Evaluation of the Reasoning and Rehabilitation Cognitive Skills Development Program as Implemented in Juvenile ISP in Colorado. Colorado: U.S. Department of Justice; 1996.

    ROHDE2004 (Published Data Only)

    • Rohde P, Jorgensen JS, Seeley JR, et al. Pilot evaluation of the coping course: a cognitive-behavioral intervention to enhance coping skills in incarcerated youth. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2004;43:669–676. [PubMed: 15167083]

    SCHLICHTER1981

    • Schlichter KF, Horan JJ. Effects of stress inoculation on the anger and aggression management skills of institutionalized juvenile delinquents. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1981;5:359–365.

    SHIVRATTAN1988 (Published Data Only)

    • Shivrattan JL. Social interactional training and incarcerated juvenile delinquents. Canadian Journal of Criminology/Revue Canadienne de Criminologie. 1988;30:145–163.

    SPENCE1981 (Published Data Only)

    • Spence SH, Marziller JS. Social skills training with adolescent male offenders - II. Short term, long term and generalized effects. Behavior Research and Therapy. 1981;19:349–368. [PubMed: 7271701]

References of Excluded Studies

    BARTON1990 (Published Data Only)

    • Barton WH, Butts JA. Viable options: intensive supervision programs for juvenile delinquents. Crime and Delinquency. 1990;36:238–256.

    BERGER1978 (Published Data Only)

    • Berger RJ. An evaluation of a juvenile court volunteer program. Journal of Community Psychology. 1978;6:328–333.

    BOTTCHER2005 (Published Data Only)

    • Bottcher J, Ezell ME. Examining the effectiveness of boot camps: a randomized experiment with a long-term follow-up. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. 2005;42:309–332.

    BURNETTE1997

    • Burnett WL. Treating post-incarcerated offenders with moral reconation therapy®: A one-year recidivism study. Cogntiive-Behavioral Treatment Review. 1997;6:2.

    CALDWELL2005 (Published Data Only)

    • Caldwell MF, Van Rybroek GJ. Reducing violence in serious juvenile offenders using intensive treatment. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. 2005;28:622–636. [PubMed: 16112731]

    CHANDLER1973

    • Chandler MJ. Egocentrism and antisocial behavior: the assessment and training of social persepctive-taking skills. Developmental Psychology. 1973;3:326–322.

    COOK1992 (Published Data Only)

    • Cook DD, Spirrison CL. Effects of a prisoner-operated delinquency deterrence program: Mississippi’s project aware. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation. 1992;17:89–99.

    DAVIDSON1987 (Published Data Only)

    • Davidson WS, Redner R, Blakely CH. Diversion of juvenile offenders: an experimental comparison. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1987;55:68–75. [PubMed: 3571661]

    FAGAN1990 (Published Data Only)

    • Fagan JA. Treatment and reintergration of violent juvenile offenders: experimental results. Justice Quarterly. 1990;7:233–263.

    FOSTER2004 (Published Data Only)

    • Foster ME, Qaseem A, Connor T. Can better mental health services reduce the risk of juvenile justice system involvement? American Journalf of Public Health. 2004;94:859–865. [PMC free article: PMC1448349] [PubMed: 15117712]

    FRIEDMAN2002 (Published Data Only)

    • Friedman AS, Terras A, Glassman K. Multimodal substance use intervention program for male delinquents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse. 2002;11:43–66.

    GARRIDO1991 (Published Data Only)

    • Garrido V, Sanchis JR. The cognitive model in the treatment of Spanish offenders: Theory and practice. Journalof Correctional Education. 1991;42:111–118.

    GLICK1987 (Published Data Only)

    • Glick B, Goldstein AP. Aggression replacement training. Journal of Counseling and Development. 1987;65:356–362.

    GOLDSTEIN1989 (Published Data Only)

    • Goldstein AP, Glick B, Irwin MJ, et al. Reducing Delinquency: Intervention in the Community. New York: Pergamon Press, Inc.; 1989.

    GOLDSTEIN2007 (Published Data Only)

    • Goldstein NES, Dovidio A, Kalbeitzer R, et al. Anger management for female juvenile offenders: Results of a pilot study. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice. 2007;7:1–28.

    HAWKINS1991 (Published Data Only)

    • Hawkins JD, Jenson JM, Catalano RF, et al. Effects of a skills training intervention with juvenile delinquents. Research on Social Work Practice. 1991;1:107–121.

    JOHNSON1983 (Published Data Only)

    • Johnson BD, Goldber RT. Vocational and social rehabilitation of delinquents: a study of experimentals and controls. Journal of Offender Counseling, Services, and Rehabilitation. 1983;6:43–60.

    LAWRENCE1999 (Published Data Only)

    • St Lawrence JS, Crosby RA, Belcher L, et al. Sexual risk reduction and anger management interventions for incarcerated male adolescents: a randomized controlled trial of two interventions. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy. 1999;24:9–17.

    LEE1978 (Published Data Only)

    • Lee R, Haynes NMG. Counseling juvenile offenders: an experimental evaluation of project crest. Community Mental Health Journal. 1978;14:267–271. [PubMed: 729346]

    LITTLE2004 (Published Data Only)

    • Little M, Kogan J, Bullock R. An experiment in mulsti-systemic responses to persistent young offenders known to children’s services. Nritish Journal of Criminology. 2004;44:225–240.

    NUGENT1997 (Published Data Only)

    • Nugent WR, Champlin D, Wiinimaki L. The effects of anger control training on adolescent antisocial beahvior. Research on Social Work Practice. 1997;6:446–462.

    OLLENDICK1979 (Published Data Only)

    • Ollendick TH, Hersesn M. Social skills training for juvenile delinquents. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1979;17:547–554. [PubMed: 526245]

    PATRICK2004 (Published Data Only)

    • Patrick S, Marsh R. Juvenile diversion: results of a 3-year experimental study. Criminal Justice Policy Review. 2005;16:59–73.
    • *. Patrick S, Marsh R, Bundy W, et al. Control group study of juvenile diversion programs: an experiment in juvenile diversion - the comparison of three methods and a control group. The Social Science Journal. 2004;41:129–135.

    PIERCY1976

    • Piercy F, Lee R. Effects of dual treatment approach on the rehabilitation of habitual juvenile delinquents. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin. 1976;19:482–490.

    ROSENKOETTER1980 (Published Data Only)

    • Rosenkoetter L, Landman S, Mazak SG. Use of moral discussion as an intervention with delinquents. Psychological Reports. 1980;46:91–94. [PubMed: 7367556]

    ROSS1976 (Published Data Only)

    • Ross RR, Palmer WRT. Modification of emotional expressiveness in adolescent offenders. Crime and/et Justice. 1976;1:125–133.

    SALAZAR2006 (Published Data Only)

    • Salazar LF, Cook SL. Preliminary findings from an outcome evaluation of an intimate partner violence prevention program for adjudicated, African American, adolecent males. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice. 2006;4:368–385.

    SCHNEIDER1986 (Published Data Only)

    • Schneider AL. Restitution and recidivism rates of juvenile offenders: results from four expermental studies. Criminology. 1986;24:533–552.

    SPENCE1980 (Published Data Only)

    • Spence AJ, Spence SH. Cognitive changes associated with social skills training. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1980;18:265–272. [PubMed: 7436975]

    STRONG1988 (Published Data Only)

    • Strong WB, Stanitsky CL, Smith RE, et al. Physical and psychological effects of aerobic exercise in delinquent adolescent males. Sports Medicine. 1988;142:1361–1366. [PubMed: 3195535]

Characteristics Table for The Clinical Question: What are the best interventions for adult offenders and/or individuals who have elevated levels of the ASPD construct?

Comparisons Included in this Clinical Question

Anger management vs control
VANNOY2004		Anticonvulsants vs placebo
GOTTSCHALK1973
HOLLANDER2003
MATTES2005
MATTES2008
NICKEL2005B
STANFORD2005		Antidepressants vs placebo
COCCARO1997A		Any intervention including SLT components [Drug/alcohol users and primary focus]
JOHNSON1995
Group based cognitive and behavioural intervention vs control
ARMSTRONG2003
LIAU2004
PORPORINO1995
ROSS1988
VAN VOORHIS2004		Lithium vs placebo
SHEARD1976

Characteristics of Included Studies

Characteristics of Excluded Studies

References of Included Studies

    ARMSTRONG2003 (Published Data Only)

    • Armstrong TA. The effect of moral reconation therapy on the recidivism of youthful offenders: a randomized experiment. Criminal Justice and Behaviour. 2003;30:668–687.

    COCCARO1997A (Published Data Only)

    • Coccaro EF, Kavoussi RJ. Fluoxetine and impulsive aggressive behavior in personality-disordered subjects. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1997;54:1081–1088. [PubMed: 9400343]

    GOTTSCHALK1973 (Published Data Only)

    • Gottschalk LA, Covi L, Uliana R. Effects of diphenylhydantoin on anxiety and hostility in institutionalized prisoners. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 1973;14:503–511. [PubMed: 4587507]

    HOLLANDER2003 (Published Data Only)

    • Hollander E, Tracy KA, Swann AC, et al. Divalproex in the treatment of impulsive aggression: efficacy in cluster B personality disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003;28:1186–1197. [PubMed: 12700713]

    JOHNSON1995 (Published Data Only)

    • Johnson G, Hunter RM. Evaluation of the specialized drug offender program, Thinking Straight: The Reasoning and Rehabilitation Program for Delinquency Prevention and Offender Rehabilitation. Ross RR, Ross RD, editors. Ontario: Air Training and Publications; 1995. pp. 214–234.

    LIAU2004 (Published Data Only)

    • Liau AK, Shively R, Horn M, et al. Effects of psychoeducation for offenders in a community correctional facility. Journal of Community Psychology. 2004;32:543–558.

    MATTES2005 (Published Data Only)

    • Mattes JA. Oxcarbazepine in patients with impulsive aggression: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2005;25:575–579. [PubMed: 16282841]

    MATTES2008 (Published Data Only)

    • Mattes JA. Levetiracetam in patients with impulsive aggression: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2008;69:311–315. [PubMed: 18232724]

    NICKEL2005B (Published Data Only)

    • Nickel MK, Nickel C, Kaplan P, et al. Treatment of aggression with topiramate in male borderline patients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Biological Psychiatry. 2005;57:495–499. [PubMed: 15737664]

    PORPORINO1995

    • Robinson D. The Impact of Cognitive Skills Training on Post-Release Recidivism Among Canadian Federal Offenders. Ottawa: Correctional Service Canada; 1995.
    • *. Porporino FJ, Robinson D. An evaluation of the Reasoning and Rehabilitation programme with Canadian federal offenders, Thinking Straight: The Reasoning and Rehabilitation Program for Delinquency Prevention and Offender Rehabilitation. Ross RR, Ross RD, editors. Ontario: Air Training and Publications; 1995. pp. 155–193.

    ROSS1988 (Published Data Only)

    • Ross RR, Fabiano EA, Ewles CD. Reasoning and Rehabilitation International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. 1988;32:29–35.

    SHEARD1976 (Published Data Only)

    • Sheard MH, Marini JL, Bridges CI, et al. The effect of lithium on impulsive aggressive behavior in man. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1976;133:1409–1413. [PubMed: 984241]

    STANFORD2005 (Published Data Only)

    • Stanford MS, Helfritz LE, Conklin SM. A comparison of anticonvulsants in the treatment of impulsive aggression. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2005;13:72–77. [PubMed: 15727506]

    VAN VOORHIS2004 (Unpublished and Published Data)

    • Van Voorhis PV, Spruance LM, Ritchey PN, et al. The Georgia cognitive skills experiment: a replication of Reasoning and Rehabilitation. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 2004;31:282–305.

    VANNOY2004 (Published Data Only)

    • Vannoy SD, Hoyt WT. Evaluation of an anger therapy intervention for incarcerated adult males. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation. 2002;39:39–57.

References of Excluded Studies

    ANDERSON2002 (Published Data Only)

    • Anderson JL. Overview of the Illinois DOC high-risk parolee re-entry program and 3-year recidivism outcomes of program participants. Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Review. 2003;11:4–6.

    BARKWELL1976 (Published Data Only)

    • Barkwell LJ. Differential treatment of juveniles on probation: an evaluative study. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Corrections. 1976;18:363–378.

    BARO1999 (Published Data Only)

    • Baro AL. Effects of a cognitive restructuring program on inmate institutional behavior. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 1999;26:466–484.

    BELLUS1999

    • Bellus SB, Vergo JG, Kost PP, et al. Behavioral rehabilitation and the reduction of aggressive and self-injurious behaviors with cognitively imparired, chronic psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatric Quarterly. 1999;70:27–37. [PubMed: 9924730]

    BONTA2000 (Published Data Only)

    • Bonta J, Wallace-Capretta S, Rooney J. A quasi-experimental evaluation of an intensive rehabilitation supervision program. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 2000;27:312–329.

    BRICK1962 (Published Data Only)

    • Brick H, Doub WH, Perdue WC. Effects of amitriptyline on depressive and anxiety states in penitentiary inmates. Diseases of the Nervous System. 1966;23:572–578. [PubMed: 14015397]

    BUCKLEY2007 (Published Data Only)

    • Buckley PF, Paulsson B, Brecher M. Treatment of agitation and aggression in bipolar mania: efficacy of quetiapine. Journal of Affective Disorder. 2007;100:S33–43. [PubMed: 17376537]

    BURKE2003 (Unpublished Data Only)

    • Burke C, Keaton S, Pennell S. Addressing the Gender-Specific Needs of Girls: an Evaluation of San Diego's WINGS Program. San Diego: San Diego's Regional Planning Agency; 2003.

    BURNETTE2003 (Published Data Only)

    • Burnette KD, Swan S, Robinson KD, et al. Effects of MRT © on male juvenile offenders participanting in a therapeutic community. Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Review. 2003;12:2–5.

    BURNETTE2004 (Published Data Only)

    • Burnette KD, Swan ES, Robinson KD, et al. Treating youthful offenders with moral reconation therapy©: a recidivism and pre-posttest analysis. Cognitive Behavioral Treatment Review. 2004;3/4:14–15.

    BURNETTE2004A (Published Data Only)

    • Burnette KD, Leonard A, Robinson KD, et al. Outcome study on the Tennessee Prison for Women Therapeutic Community Program utilizing moral reconation therapy © Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Review. 2004;13:1–5.

    BURNETTE2005 (Published Data Only)

    • Burnette KD, Prachniak KJ, Leonard A, et al. Effects of moral reconation therapy on female felony offenders in a prison-based therapeutic community. Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Review. 2005;14:1–4.

    CAHILL2003

    • Cahill SP, Rauch SA, Hembree EA, et al. Effect of cognitive-behavioral treatment for PTSD on anger. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly. 2003;17:113–129.

    CANN2003 (Unpublished Data Only)

    • Cann J, Falshaw L, Nugent F, et al. Understanding What Works: Accredited Cognitive Skills Programmes for Adult Men and Young Offenders, Home Office Research Findings Number 226. London: Home Office; 2003.

    CANN2006 (Unpublished Data Only)

    • Cann J. Cognitive Skills Programmes: Impact on Reducing Reconviction Among a Sample of Female Prisoners, Home Office Researh Findings 276. London: Home Office; 2006.

    CHEREK2002 (Published Data Only)

    • Cherek DR, Lane SD, Pietras CJ. Effects of chronic paroxetine administration on measures of aggressive and impulsive responses of adult males with a history of conduct disorder. Psychopharmacology. 2002;159:266–274. [PubMed: 11862359]

    COOPER2006 (Published Data Only)

    • Cooper C, Eslinger DM, Stolley PD. Hospital-based violence intervention programs work. The Journal of Trauma. 2006;61:534–539. [PubMed: 16966983]

    CORTONI2006 (Unpublished Data Only)

    • Cortoni F, Nunes K, Latendresse M. An Examination of the Effectiveness of the Violence Prevention Program. Canada: Correctional Service of Canada; 2006.

    CRAFT1987 (Published Data Only)

    • Craft M, Ismail IA, Krishnamurti D, et al. Lithium in the treatment of aggression in mentally handicapped patients: a double-blind trial. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1987;150:685–689. [PubMed: 3115350]

    DAVIS1976 (Published Data Only)

    • Davis ED, Sturgis DK, Braswell MC. Effects of systematic human relations training on inmate participants. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin. 1976;20:105–109.

    DEMARET1991 (Published Data Only)

    • De Maret WFN. Time to think: social/cognitive skills programming in transition in New Mexico. Journal of Correctional Education. 1991;42:107–110.

    DOWDEN1999 (Unpublished Data Only)

    • Dowden C, Serin R. Anger Management Programming for Offenders: the Impact of Program Performance measures. Canada: Correctional Service Canada; 2001.
    • *. Dowden C, Blanchette K, Serin R. Anger management programming for federal male inmates: an effective itnervention. Canada: Correctional Service Canada.; 1999.

    FALSHAW2003 (Published Data Only)

    • Falshaw L, Friendship C, Travers R, et al. Searching for 'What Works': An Evaluation of Cognitive Skills Programmes, Home Office Research Findings No. 206. London: Home Office; 2003.

    FINN1998 (Published Data Only)

    • Finn P. The Delaware Department of Correction Life Skills Program. National Institute of Justice; 1998.

    FLECK2001 (Published Data Only)

    • Fleck D, Thompson CL, Narroway L. Implementation of the problem solving skills training programme in a medium secure unit. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health. 2001;11:262–272.

    FOSTER1989 (Published Data Only)

    • Foster HG, Hillbrand M, Chi CC. Efficacy of carbamazepine in assaultive patient with frontal lobe dysfunction. Progress in Neuro-Osychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 1989;13:865–874. [PubMed: 2813804]

    FRIENDSHIP2002 (Unpublished Data Only)

    • Friendship C, Blud L, Erikson M, et al. Cognitive-behavioral treatment for imprisoned offenders: an evaluation of HM Prison Service's cognitive skills programmes. Legal and Criminological Psychology. 2003;8:103–114.
    • *. Friendship C, Blud L, Erikson M, Travers R, et al. An Evaluation of Cognitive Behavioural Treatment for Prisoners, Home Office Research Report Findings 161. London: Home Office; 2002.

    FRIENDSHIP2003 (Published Data Only)

    • Friendship C, Mann R, Beech A. The Prison-Based Sex Offender Treatment Programme - An Evaluation, Home Office Research Findings 205. London: Home Office; 2003.

    FRIENDSHIP2003A (Published Data Only)

    • Friendship. The Prison-Based Sex Offender Treatment Programme - An Evaluation, Home Office Research Findings Number 205. London: Home Office; 2003.

    GERRA2006 (Published Data Only)

    • Gerra G, Petta Di G, D'Amore A, et al. Effects of olanzapine on aggressiveness in heroin dependent patients. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 2006;30:1291–1298. [PubMed: 16766110]

    HAGILIASSIS2005

    • Hagiliassis N, Gulbenkoglu H, Young S, et al. The anger management project: a group intervention for anger in people with physical and multiple disabilities. Journal of Intellectual and Development Disability. 2005;30:86–96.

    HALL2004 (Published Data Only)

    • Hall EA, Prendergast ML, Wellisch J. Treating drug-abusing women prisoners: an outcomes evaluation of the Forever Free Program. The Prison Journal. 2004;84:81–105.

    HARENKO1992 (Published Data Only)

    • Harenko A, Elovaara S, Hagert GU, et al. Zuclopenthixol and thioridazine in the treatment of aggressive, elderly patients: a double-blind, controlled, multicentre study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 1992;7:369–375.

    HEDDERMAN1996 (Published Data Only)

    • Hedderman C, Sugg D. Does Teating Sex Offenders Reduce Reoffending? Home Office Research Findings Number 45. London: Home Office; 1996.

    HENNING1996 (Published Data Only)

    • Bush J. Teaching self-risk management to violent offenders, What Works: Reducing Reoffending. McGuire J, editor. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons; 1995. pp. 139–154.
    • *. Henning K, Frueh BC. Cognitive-behavioral treatment of icnarcerated offenders: An evaluation of the Vermont Department of Corrections' cognitive self-change program. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 1996;23:523–541.

    HOLLIN1986 (Published Data Only)

    • Hollin CR, Huff GJH, Clarkson R, et al. Social skills training with young offenders in a borstal: an evaluative study. Journal of Community Psychology. 1986;14:289–299.

    HOLLIS2007 (Published Data Only)

    • Hollis V. Reconviction Analysis of Programme Data Using Interim Accredited Programmes Software (IAPS) RDS NOMS Research and Evaluation. London: National Probation Service; 2007.

    HOMANTB1976 (Published Data Only)

    • Homant RJ. Therapy effectiveness in a correctional institution. Offender Rehabilitation. 1976;1:101–113.

    HUGHEY1996 (Published Data Only)

    • Hughey R, Klemke LW. Evaluation of a jail-based substance abuse treatment program. Federal Probation. 1996;60:40–44.

    JOHNSON2001

    • Johnson SL, Van de Ven JTC, Grant BA. Institutional Methadone Maintenance Treatment: Impact on Release Outcome and Institutional Behaviour, Addictions Research Centre. Research Branch Correctional Service Canada; 2001.

    KOWNACKI1995 (Published Data Only)

    • Kownacki RJ. The effectiveness of a brief cognitive-behavioral program on the reduction of antisocial behaviour in high-risk adult probationers in a Texas community, Thinking Straight: The Reasoning and Rehabilitation Program for Delinquency Prevention and Offender Rehabilitation. Ross R, Ross R, editors. Ontario: Air Training and Publications; 1995. pp. 249–257.

    LAMBIE2003 (Unpublished Data Only)

    • Lambie ID, Stewart MW. Community Solutions for the Community's Problem: an Outcome Evaluation of Three New Zealand Community Child Sex Offender Treatment Programmes. Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Corrections; 2003.

    LARSON1989 (Published Data Only)

    • Larson KA. Problem-solving training and parole adjustment in high-risk young adult offenders. The Yearbook of Correctional Education. 1989:279–299.

    LION1979 (Published Data Only)

    • Lion JR. Benzodiazepines in the treatment of aggressive patients. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1979;40:70–71. [PubMed: 762032]

    LITTLE1993 (Published Data Only)

    • Little GL, Robinson KD, Burnette KD. Cognitive behavioral treatment of felony drug offenders: a five-year recidivism report. Psychological Reports. 1993;73:1089–1090. [PubMed: 8115559]

    MANN2004 (Published Data Only)

    • Mann RE, Webster SD, Schofield C, et al. Approach versus avoidance goals in relapse prevention with sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: a Journal of Research and Treatment. 2004;16:65–75. [PubMed: 15017827]

    MARQUES2005 (Published Data Only)

    • Marques JK, Wiederanders M, Day DM, et al. Effects of a relapse prevention program on sexual recidivism: final results from California's sex offender treatment and evaluation project (SOTEP). Sexual abuse: a Journal of Research and Treatment. 2005;17:79–107. [PubMed: 15757007]

    MARQUIS1996 (Published Data Only)

    • Marquis HA, Bourgon GA, Armstrong B, et al. Reducing recidivism through institutional treatment programs. Forum on Corrections Research. 1996;8:3–5.

    MARTIN1995A (Published Data Only)

    • Martin A, Hernandez B. PEIRS: the efficacy of a multifaceted cognitive program for prison inmates, Thinking Straight: The Reasoning and Rehabilitation Program for Delinquency Prevention and Offender Rehabilitation. Ross R, Ross R, editors. Ontario: Air Training and Publications; 1995. pp. 289–409.

    MATTES1990 (Published Data Only)

    • Mattes JA. Carbamazepine vs. propranolol for rage outbursts. Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1988;24:179–182. [PubMed: 3290939]
    • Mattes JA. Comparative effectiveness of carbamazepine and propranolol for rage outbursts. Journal of Neuropsychiatry. 1990;2:159–164. [PubMed: 2136070]

    MAYFIELD2008 (Unpublished Data Only)

    • Mayfield J, Lovell D. The dangerous mentally ill offender program: three-year felony recidivism and cost effectiveness. Oylmpia: Washington State Institute for Public Policy; 2008.

    MONNELLY2003 (Published Data Only)

    • Monnelly EP, Ciraulo DA, Knapp C. Low-dose risperidone as adjunctive therapy for irritable aggression in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2003;23:193–196. [PubMed: 12640221]

    MONTGOMERY (Published Data Only)

    • Montgomery House. Montgomery House Violence Prevention Programme: Referral Package. Hamilton, New Zealand: Montgomery House;

    MOTUIK1996 (Published Data Only)

    • Motuik L, Smiley C, Blanchette K. Intensive programming for violent offenders: a comparative investigation. Forum on Corrections Research. 1996;8:10–12.

    PALAMARA1986

    • Palamara F, Cullen FT, Gersten JC. The effect of police and mental health intervention on juvenile deviance: specifying contingencies in the impact of formal reaction. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 1986;27:90–105. [PubMed: 3711635]

    PELISSIER2001 (Published Data Only)

    • Pelissier B, Rhodes W, Saylor W, et al. TRIAD drug treatment evaluation project. Federal Probation. 2001;65:3–7.

    PHIPPS2003 (Published Data Only)

    • Phipps P, Gagliardi GJ. Washington's Dangerous Mentally Ill Offender Law: Program Selection and Services. Washington: Washington State Institute for Public Policy; 2003.

    POLASCHEK2005 (Published Data Only)

    • Polaschek DLL, Wilson NJ, Townsend MR, et al. Cognitive-behavioral rehabilitation for high-risk violent offenders: an outcome evaluation of the violence prevention unit. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2005;20:1611–1627. [PubMed: 16246920]

    PORPORINO1991 (Unpublished Data Only)

    • Ross R, Ross R, editors. Thinking Straight: The reasoning and rehabilitation program for delinquency prevention and offender rehabilitation. Ontario: Air Training and Publications; pp. 261–286.
    • Porporino FJ, Fabiano EA, Robinson D. Focusing on Successful Reintegration: Cognitive Skills Training for Offenders, Thinking Straight: The Reasoning and Rehabilitation Program for Delinquency Prevention and Offender Rehabilitation. Ross R, Ross R, editors. Research and Statistics Branch: The Correctional Serivce Canada; 1991. pp. 261–286.

    PORPORINO2002 (Published Data Only)

    • Porporino FJ, Robinson D, Millson B, et al. Treatment of substance users in controlled environments: an outcome of prison-based treatment programming for substance users. Substance Use and Misuse. 2002;37:1047–1077. [PubMed: 12180555]

    PUGH1993 (Published Data Only)

    • Pugh DN. The effects of problem-solving ability and locus of control on prisoner adjustment. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. 1993;37:163–176.

    RATEY1992 (Published Data Only)

    • Rately JJ, Sorgi P, O'Driscoll GA, et al. Nadolol to treat aggression and psychiatric symptomatology in chronic psychiatric inpatients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1992;53:41–46. [PubMed: 1347291]

    RAYNOR1995 (Published Data Only)

    • Knott C. The STOP programme: Reasoning and Rehabilitation in a British setting, What Works: Reducing Reoffending. McGuire J, editor. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons; 1995. pp. 115–126.
    • *. Raynor P, Sutton D, Vanstone M. The STOP program, Thinking Straight: The Reasoning and Rehabilitation Program for Delinquency Prevention and Offender Rehabilitation. Ross R, Ross R, editors. Ontario: Air Training and Publications; 1995. pp. 261–286.

    REIST2003 (Published Data Only)

    • Reist C, Nakamura K, Sagart E, et al. Impulsive aggressive behavior: open-label treatment with citalopram. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2003;64:81–85. [PubMed: 12590628]

    SHEARD1971 (Published Data Only)

    • Sheard MH. Effect of lithium on human aggression. Nature. 1971;230:113–114. [PubMed: 4927008]

    SOHANPAL2007 (Published Data Only)

    • Sohanpal SK, Thomas C, Soni R. The effectiveness of antidepressant medication in the management of behavior problems in adults with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 2007;51:750–765. [PubMed: 17803494]

    SONG1994 (Published Data Only)

    • Song L, Lieb R. Preliminary Recidivism Rates: the Twin Rivers Sex Offender Treatment Program (Revised). Washington: Washingon State Institute for Public Policy; 1994.

    SORGI1992 (Published Data Only)

    • Sorgi P, Ratey J, Knoedler D, et al. Depression during treatment with beta-blockers: results from a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Journal of Neuropsychiatry. 1992;4:187–189. [PubMed: 1627981]

    STANFORD2001 (Published Data Only)

    • Houston RJ, Stanford MS. Characterization of aggressive behavior and phenytoin response. Aggressive Behavior. 2006;32:38–43.
    • *. Stanford MS, Houston RJ, Mathias CW, et al. A double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of phenytoin in individuals with impulsive aggression. Psychiatry Research. 2001;103:193–203. [PubMed: 11549407]

    STERMAC1986 (Published Data Only)

    • Stermac LE. Anger control treatments for forensic patients. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 1986;1:446–457.

    TENNANT1998 (Published Data Only)

    • Tennant A, Hughes G. 'Men talking' about dysfunctional masculinity: an innovative approach to working with aggressive, personality disordered offender patients. Psychiatric Care. 1998;5:92–99.

    VOLAVKA1990 (Published Data Only)

    • Volavka J, Crowner M, Brizer D. Tryptophan treatment of aggressive psychiatric inpatients. Society of Biological Psychiatry. 1990;28:728–732. [PubMed: 1978689]

    WALTERS1999 (Published Data Only)

    • Walters GD. Short-term outcome of inmates participating in the lifestyle change program. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 1999;26:322–337.

    WATT1998 (Published Data Only)

    • Watt BD, Howells K. Skills training for aggression control: evaluation of an anger management programme for violent offenders. Legal and Criminological Psychology. 1998;4:285–300.

    WHITE1985 (Published Data Only)

    • White TJR, Aman MG. Pimozide treatment in disruptive severely retarded patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 1985;19:92–94. [PubMed: 3890825]

    WORMITH1984 (Published Data Only)

    • Wormith JS. Attitude and behavior change of correctional clientele. Criminology. 1984;22:595–618.

    ZARCONE2001 (Published Data Only)

    • Zarcone JR, Hellings JA, Crandall K, et al. Effects of risperidone on aberrant behavior of persons with developmental disabilities: I. a double-blind crossover study using multiple measures. American Journal on Mental Retardation. 2001;106:525–538. [PubMed: 11708938]

    ZISOOK1978

    • Zisook S, Rogers PJ, Faschingbauer TR, et al. Absence of hostility in outpatients after administration of halazepan - a new benzodiazepine. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1978;75:683–686. [PubMed: 681309]

Characteristics Table for The Clinical Question: What are the best interventions for offenders with substance misuse problems?

Comparisons Included in this Clinical Question

Cognitive behavioural intervention versus control
AUSTIN1997
DUGAN1998
JOHNSON1995
KINLOCK2003

Characteristics of Included Studies

Characteristics of Excluded Studies

References of Included Studies

    AUSTIN1997 (Unpublished Data Only)

    • Austin J, Robinson B, Elms B, et al. The evaluation of two models of treating sentenced federal drug offenders in the community. International Journal of Offender Rehabilitation and Comparative Criminology. 1997;36:247–262.

    DUGAN1998 (Published Data Only)

    • Dugan JR, Everett RS. An experimental test of chemical dependency therapy for jail inmates. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. 1998;42:360–368.

    JOHNSON1995 (Published Data Only)

    • Johnson G, Hunter RM. Evaluation of the specialized drug offender program, Thinking Straight: The Reasoning and Rehabilitation Program for Delinquency Prevention and Offender Rehabilitation. Ross RR, Ross RD, editors. Ontario: Air Training and Publications; 1995. pp. 214–234.

    KINLOCK2003 (Published Data Only)

    • Kinlock TW, O'Grady KE, Hanlon TE. The effects of drug treatment on institution behavior. The Prison Journal. 2003;83:257–276.

References of Excluded Studies

    EASTON2007 (Published Data Only)

    • Easton C, Mandel D, Babuscio T. Differences in treatment outcome between male alcohol dependent offenders of domestic violence with and without positive drug screens. Addictive Behaviors. 2007;32:2151–2163. [PubMed: 17367953]
    • *. Easton CJ, Mandel DL, Hunkele KA, et al. A cognitive behavioral therapy for alcohol-dependent domestic violence offenders: an integrated substance abuse-domestic violence treatment approach (SADV). The American Journal on Addictions. 2007;16:24–31. [PubMed: 17364418]

Characteristics Table for The Clinical Question: Are therapeutic communities (TCs) more effective than control in the treatment of antisocial personality disorder?

Comparisons Included in this Clinical Question

Therapeutic communities versus control
NIELSEN1996
SACKS2004
WEXLER2004

Characteristics of Included Studies

Characteristics of Excluded Studies

References of Included Studies

    NIELSEN1996 (Published Data Only)

    • Nielsen AL, Scarpitti FR, Inciardi JA. Integrating the therapeutic community and work release for drug-involved offenders: the CREST program. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 1996;13:349–358. [PubMed: 9076653]

    SACKS2004 (Published Data Only)

    • Sacks S, Sacks JY, McKendrik K, et al. Modified TC for MICA offenders: crime outcomes. Behavioural Science Law. 2004;22:477–501. [PubMed: 15282836]

    WEXLER2004 (Published Data Only)

    • Wexler H, DeLeon G, Thomas G, et al. The Amity prison TC evaluation: reincarceration outcomes. Criminal Justice and Behaviour. 2004;26:147–167.

References of Excluded Studies

    GRANT2003 (Unpublished Data Only)

    • Grant BA, Kunic D, MacPherson P, et al. The high intensity substance abuse program (HISAP): Results from the Pilot Programs. 2003

    LAMB1974

    • Lamb RH, Goentzel V. Elsworth house: a community alternative to jail. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1974;131:64–68. [PubMed: 4808433]

    MARCUS2001

    • Marcus MT, Fine M, Kouzekanani K. Mindfulness-based meditation in a therapeutic community. Journal of Substance Misuse. 2001;5:305–311.

    MARSHALL1997

    • Marshall P. A Reconviction Study of HMP Grendon Therapeutic Community, Home Office Research Findings number 53. London: Home Office; 1997.

    MARTIN1999

    • Martin SS, Butzin C, Saum CA. Three-year outcomes of therapeutic community treatment for drug involved offenders in Delaware: from prison to work release. The Prison Journal. 1999;79:294–320.

    ORTMAN2000

    • Ortman R. The effectiveness of social therapy in prison: a randomized experiment. Crime and Delinquency. 2000;46:214–232.

    RICE1992

    • Rice ME, Harris GT, Cormier CA. An evaluation of a maximum security therapeutic community for psychopaths and other mentally disordered offenders. Law and Human Behavior. 1992;16:399–412.

Characteristics Table for The Clinical Question: What pharmacological interventions are effective for people with antisocial personality disorder and comorbid substance misuse?

Comparisons Included in this Clinical Question

Antidepressants versus placebo
LEAL1994
POWELL1995		Dopaminergic versus placebo
LEAL1994
POWELL1995

Characteristics of Included Studies

References of Included Studies

    LEAL1994 (Published Data Only)

    • Leal J, Ziedonis D, Kosten T. Antisocial personality disorder as a prognostic factor for pharmacotherapy of cocaine dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1994;35:31–53. [PubMed: 8082553]

    POWELL1995 (Published Data Only)

    • *. Powell BJ, Campbell JL, Landon JF, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of nortriptyline and bromocriptine in male alcoholics subtyped by comorbid psychiatric disorders. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 1995;19:462–468. [PubMed: 7625583]

Characteristics Table for The Clinical Question: What are the best interventions for antisocial personality disorder?

Comparisons Included in this Clinical Question

Anticonvulsant versus placebo
BARRATT1997		CBT versus treatment as usual
DAVIDSON2008

Characteristics of Included Studies

References of Included Studies

    BARRATT1997 (Published Data Only)

    • Barratt ES, Stanford MS, Felthous AR, et al. The effects of phenytoin on impulsive and premeditated aggression: a controlled study. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1997;17:341–349. [PubMed: 9315984]

    DAVIDSON2008 (Published Data Only)

    • Davidson KM, Tyrer P, Tata P, et al. Cognitive behaviour therapy for violent men with antisocial personality disorder in the community: an exploratory randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2008;38:1–9. [PubMed: 18667099]
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