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National Research Council (US) Subcommittee on Laboratory Animal Nutrition. Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals: Fourth Revised Edition, 1995. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1995.
Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals: Fourth Revised Edition, 1995.
Show detailsAPPENDIX TABLE 1Fatty Acid Composition (%) of Some Common Fats Used in Rodent Diets
| Fatty Acidsa | Canola Oilb | Cocoa Butterc | Coconut (hydrogenated-96°) Oild | Corn Oile | Cottonseed Oil | Fish (Menhaden) Oilf | Tallow | Linseed Oilg | Olive Oilh | Peanut Oil | Sunflower Oili | Soybean Oilj |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8:0 | 6.8 | |||||||||||
| 10:0 | 5.8 | |||||||||||
| 12:0 | 46.7 | 0.2 | 0.1 | |||||||||
| 14:0 | 0.1 | 18.5 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 7.3 | 3.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |||
| 14:1 | 0.2 | 0.7 | ||||||||||
| 15:0 | 0.6 | |||||||||||
| 16:0 | 3.9 | 25.4 | 9.5 | 11.0 | 23.4 | 19.0 | 24.8 | 5.3 | 12.0 | 10.9 | 6.7 | 10.5 |
| 16:1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 9.1 | 3.4 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |||
| 17:0 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |||||||
| 17:1 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |||||||||
| 18:0 | 2.0 | 33.2 | 3.1 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 4.2 | 18.6 | 4.1 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 4.8 | 3.9 |
| 18:1(n-9) | 61.8 | 32.6 | 7.1 | 25.5 | 17.9 | 13.2 | 42.2 | 20.2 | 72.9 | 45.8 | 18.7 | 22.6 |
| 18:2(n-6) | 20.0 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 59.5 | 53.6 | 1.3 | 2.8 | 12.7 | 9.6 | 33.0 | 67.3 | 54.2 |
| 18:3(n-3) | 9.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 53.3 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 7.7 |
| 20:0 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | |||
| 20:1(n-11) | 1.5 | 0.3 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.2 | ||||||
| 20:4(n-6) | 0.2 | |||||||||||
| 20:5(n-3) | 11.0 | |||||||||||
| 22:0 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 2.9 | 0.6 | 0.3 | ||||||
| 22:1(n-11) | 0.5 | 0.6 | ||||||||||
| 22:6(n-3) | 9.1 | |||||||||||
| Other | 0.0 | 5.6 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 20.0 | 0.2 | 4.4 | 0.3 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| n-6:n-3 | 2.2 | 28.0 | 19.0 | 59.5 | 107.2 | 0.1 | 3.5 | 0.2 | 9.6 | 66.0 | 61.2 | 7.0 |
NOTE: Unless otherwise indicated, fatty acid composition was supplied by E. Wayne Emmons, AOCS Chromatography Chairman, 1991 (personal communication).
- a
14:1 and 17:1 contain double bond in n-9 or n-11 position, exact position unknown.
- b
Abundance of n-3 and monounsaturated fat.
- c
Abundance of long-chain saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid composition from U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook No. 8-4 (1979).
- d
A highly saturated fat; contains predominantly medium-chain triglycerides and very little trans fatty acid.
- e
Good source of essential fatty acid, n-6; suggested for use in the AIN-76 rodent reference diet (American Institute of Nutrition, 1977).
- f
Contains large amounts of very long chain n-3 fatty acids; usually needs to be supplemented with an n-6 containing oil for use in a rodent diet (fatty acid composition from Ackman, R. G., 1982).
- g
Contains large quantity n-3 fatty acid; fatty acid composition from U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook No. 8-4 (1979).
- h
Contains large quantity of monounsaturated fat.
- i
Greatest source of n-6 fatty acid of these fat sources.
- j
Contains significant quantity of n-6 and n-3 fatty acid; partially hydrogenated soybean oil will also contain some trans fatty acids.
APPENDIX TABLE 2Amino Acid Composition (mg/g nitrogen) of Purified Proteins Used in Laboratory Animal Diets
| Amino Acid | Acid Casein | ANRC Casein | Lactalbumin | Whey Protein Concentrate | Soybean Protein Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alanine | 188 | 188 | 369 | 331 | 269 |
| Arginine | 231 | 231 | 188 | 175 | 475 |
| Asparagine | 431 | 469 | 769 | 681 | 725 |
| Cystine | 25 | 25 | 200 | 169 | 81 |
| Glutamic acid | 1,306 | 1,563 | 925 | 1,094 | 1,194 |
| Glycine | 113 | 125 | 144 | 125 | 263 |
| Histidine | 181 | 200 | 131 | 131 | 163 |
| Isoleucine | 288 | 313 | 319 | 338 | 306 |
| Leucine | 569 | 594 | 875 | 744 | 513 |
| Lysine | 481 | 488 | 669 | 588 | 394 |
| Methionine | 181 | 200 | 131 | 156 | 81 |
| Phenylalanine | 319 | 331 | 244 | 219 | 325 |
| Proline | 650 | 706 | 319 | 331 | 319 |
| Serine | 363 | 381 | 313 | 338 | 325 |
| Threonine | 269 | 300 | 369 | 413 | 238 |
| Tryptophan | 75 | 75 | 144 | 125 | 81 |
| Tyrosine | 344 | 369 | 250 | 206 | 238 |
| Valine | 356 | 388 | 313 | 319 | 313 |
NOTE: Data was obtained from New Zealand Milk Products, Inc., and Protein Technologies International. All calculations assume protein contained 16 percent nitrogen.
APPENDIX TABLE 3Molecular Weights of Vitamins
| Compound | Molecular Weight |
|---|---|
| Vitamin A | |
| Retinol | 286.46 |
| 3,4-Dehydroretinol (vitamin A2) | 284.44 |
| Retinaldehyde (Retinal) | 284.44 |
| Retinoic acid | 300.44 |
| Retinyl acetate | 328.50 |
| Retinyl palmitate | 524.88 |
| Retinyl stearate | 552.93 |
| Retinyl oleate | 550.91 |
| β-Carotene | 536.89 |
| Vitamin D | |
| Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) | 396.66 |
| Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) | 384.65 |
| 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol | 400.65 |
| 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol | 416.65 |
| Vitamin E | |
| α-Tocopherol | 430.72 |
| α-Tocopheryl acetate | 472.76 |
| β-Tocopherol | 416.69 |
| γ-Tocopherol | 416.69 |
| δ-Tocopherol | 402.66 |
| α-Tocotrienol | 424.67 |
| Vitamin K | |
| Phylloquinone (vitamin K1) | 450.71 |
| Menaquinone-4 | 444.66 |
| Menaquinone-7 | 649.02 |
| Menaquinone-8 | 717.14 |
| Meanquinone-9 | 785.26 |
| Menadione | 172.18 |
| Menadione sodium bisulfite | 276.25 |
| Menadione dimethylpyridinol | |
| bisulfite | 378.41 |
| Vitamin C | |
| Ascorbic acid | 176.13 |
| Dehydroascorbic acid | 174.11 |
| Biotin | |
| Biotin | 244.32 |
| Choline | |
| Choline (free base) | 104.17 |
| Choline bitartrate | 253.25 |
| Choline chloride | 139.63 |
| Folate | |
| Folic acid | 441.41 |
| Niacin | |
| Nicotinic acid | 123.11 |
| Nicotinamide | 122.13 |
| Pantothenic acid | |
| Pantothenic acid | 219.24 |
| Sodium pantothenate | 241.22 |
| Calcium pantothenate | 476.54 |
| Calcium pantothenate monohydrate | 494.56 |
| Vitamin B6 | |
| Pyridoxine hydrochloride | 205.64 |
| Pyridoxal | 167.17 |
| Pyridoxal hydrochloride | 203.63 |
| Pyridoxamine dihydrochloride | 241.12 |
| Pyridoxal phosphate | 247.15 |
| Riboflavin | |
| Riboflavin | 376.37 |
| Sodium riboflavin phosphate | |
| (FMN) | 478.33 |
| Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) | 785.56 |
| Thiamin | |
| Thiamin hydrochloride | 337.27 |
| Thiamin diphosphate chloride | 460.77 |
| Thiamin mononitrate | 327.36 |
| Thiamin triphosphate | 504.29 |
| Vitamin B12 | |
| Cyanocobalamin | 1,355.39 |
| Hydroxocobalamin | 1,346.38 |
| 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin | 1,579.61 |
NOTE: Data are based on atomic weights from Pure and Applied Chemistry (1991; 63:978-979).
APPENDIX TABLE 4Conversion Factors
| Element | Traditional Unit | Converted Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin A | 1 international unit | 0.3 µg retinol |
| 1 international unit | 0.34 µg retinyl acetate | |
| 1 international unit | 0.55 µg retinyl palmitate | |
| 1 international unit | 0.6 µg β-carotene | |
| 1 retinol equivalent | 1 µg retinol | |
| 1 retinol equivalent | 6 µg β-carotene | |
| 1 retinol equivalent | 12 µg other provitamin A carotenoids | |
| 1 retinol equivalent | 3.33 IU vitamin A activity from retinol | |
| 1 retinol equivalent | 10 IU vitamin A activity from β-carotene | |
| Vitamin D | 1 international unit | 25 ng cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) |
| Vitamin E | 1 international unit | 1 mg all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate |
| 1 international unit | 0.74 mg RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate | |
| 1 international unit | 0.91 mg all-rac-α-tocopherol | |
| 1 international unit | 0.67 mg RRR-α-tocopherol | |
| Thiamin | 1 international unit | 3 µg thiamin hydrochloride |
NOTE: These terms are now obsolete; the preferred expression is the molar concentration.
SOURCE: John Edgar Smith, Penn State University, personal communication, 1994.
- Appendix - Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory AnimalsAppendix - Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals
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