Barrett FS, Doss MK, Sepeda ND, Pekar JJ, Griffiths RR. Scientific Reports. 1. Vol. 10. 2020. Emotions and brain function are altered up to one month after a single high dose of psilocybin; p. 2214. https://doi​.org/10.1038​/s41598-020-59282-y . [PMC free article: PMC7010702] [PubMed: 32042038]

Bender D, Hellerstein DJ. Psychopharmacology. Vol. 239. 2022. Assessing the risk–benefit profile of classical psychedelics: A clinical review of second-wave psychedelic research; pp. 1907–1932. https://doi​.org/10.1007​/s00213-021-06049-6 . [PubMed: 35022823]

Bogenschutz MP, Forcehimes AA, Pommy JA, Wilcox CE, Barbosa PCR, Strassman RJ. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 3. Vol. 29. 2015. Psilocybin-assisted treatment for alcohol dependence: A proof-of-concept study; pp. 289–299. https://doi​.org/10.1177/0269881114565144 . [PubMed: 25586396]

Calderon SN, Hunt J, Klein M. Neuropharmacology. November. Vol. 142. 2018. A regulatory perspective on the evaluation of hallucinogen drugs for human use; pp. 135–142. https://doi​.org/10.1016/j​.neuropharm.2017.11.028 . [PubMed: 29180224]

Cameron LP, Tombari RJ, Lu J, Pell AJ, Hurley ZQ, Ehinger Y, Vargas MV, McCarroll MN, Taylor JC, Myers-Turnbull D, Liu T, Yaghoobi B, Laskowski LJ, Anderson EI, Zhang G, Viswanathan J, Brown BM, Tija M, Dunlap LE, Rabow ZT, Fiehn O, Wulff H, McCorvy JD, Lein PJ, Kokel D, Ron D, Peters J, Zuo Y, Olson DE. Nature. 7842. Vol. 589. 2021. A non-hallucinogenic psychedelic analogue with therapeutic potential; pp. 474–479. https://doi​.org/10.1038​/s41586-020-3008-z . [PMC free article: PMC7874389] [PubMed: 33299186]

Carhart-Harris RL, Bolstridge M, Rucker J, Day CMJ, Erritzoe D, Kaelen M, Bloomfield M, Rickard JA, Forbes B, Feilding A, Taylor D, Pilling S, Curran V, Nutt DJ. The Lancet Psychiatry. 7. Vol. 3. 2016. Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: An open-label feasibility study; pp. 619–627. https://doi​.org/10.1016​/S2215-0366(16)30065-7 . [PubMed: 27210031]

Carhart-Harris RL, Roseman L, Haijen E, Erritzoe D, Watts R, Branchi I, Kaelen M. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 7. Vol. 32. 2018. Psychedelics and the essential importance of context; pp. 725–731. https://doi​.org/10.1177/0269881118754710 . [PubMed: 29446697]

Carhart-Harris R, Giribaldi B, Watts R, Baker-Jones M, Murphy-Beiner A, Murphy R, Martell J, Blemings A, Erritzoe D, Nutt DJ. New England Journal of Medicine. 15. Vol. 384. 2021. Trial of psilocybin versus escitalopram for depression; pp. 1402–1411. https://doi​.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2032994 . [PubMed: 33852780]

Colloca L, Barsky AJ. New England Journal of Medicine. 6. Vol. 382. 2020. Placebo and nocebo effects; pp. 554–561. https://doi​.org/10.1056/NEJMra1907805 . [PubMed: 32023375]

Colloca L, Miller FG. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 1572. Vol. 366. 2011. How placebo responses are formed: A learning perspective; pp. 1859–1869. https://doi​.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0398 . [PMC free article: PMC3130403] [PubMed: 21576143]

Corkery JM. Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 242. 2018. Ibogaine as a treatment for substance misuse: Potential benefits and practical dangers; pp. 217–257. https://doi​.org/10.1016/bs​.pbr.2018.08.005 . [PubMed: 30471681]

De Gregorio D, Aguilar-Valles A, Preller KH, Heifets BD, Hibicke M, Mitchell J, Gobbi G. Journal of Neuroscience. 5. Vol. 41. 2021a. Hallucinogens in mental health: Preclinical and clinical studies on LSD, psilocybin, MDMA, and ketamine; pp. 891–900. [PMC free article: PMC7880300] [PubMed: 33257322]

De Gregorio D, Popic J, Enns JP, Inserra A, Skalecka A, Markopoulos A, Posa L, Lopez-Canul M, Qianzi H, Lafferty CK, Britt JP, Comai S, Aguilar-Valles A, Sonenberg N, Gobbi G. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 5. Vol. 118. 2021b. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) promotes social behavior through MTORC1 in the excitatory neurotransmission; p. e2020705118. https://doi​.org/10.1073/pnas.2020705118 . [PMC free article: PMC7865169] [PubMed: 33495318]

De Gregorio D, Inserra A, Enns JP, Markopoulos A, Pileggi M, El Rahimy Y, Lopez-Canul M, Comai S, Gobbi G. Neuropsychopharmacology. 6. Vol. 47. 2022. Repeated lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) reverses stress-induced anxiety-like behavior, cortical synaptogenesis deficits and serotonergic neurotransmission decline; pp. 1188–1198. https://doi​.org/10.1038​/s41386-022-01301-9 . [PMC free article: PMC9018770] [PubMed: 35301424]

Dolder PC, Schmid Y, Müller F, Borgwardt S, Liechti ME. Neuropsychopharmacology. 11. Vol. 41. 2016. LSD acutely impairs fear recognition and enhances emotional empathy and sociality; pp. 2638–2646. https://doi​.org/10.1038/npp.2016.82 . [PMC free article: PMC5026740] [PubMed: 27249781]

Droogmans S, Cosyns B, D'haenen H, Creeten E, Weytjens C, Franken PR, Scott B, Schoors D, Kemdem A, Close L, Vandenbossche JL. The American Journal of Cardiology. 9. Vol. 100. 2007. Possible association between 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine abuse and valvular heart disease; pp. 1442–1445. [PubMed: 17950805]

FDA (Food and Drug Administration). Guidance for industry: Exposure–response relationship—study design, data analysis, and regulatory applications. Department of Health and Human Services. 2003. https://www​.fda.gov/media/71277/download .

Gasser P, Kirchner K, Passie T. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 1. Vol. 29. 2015. LSD-assisted psychotherapy for anxiety associated with a life-threatening disease: A qualitative study of acute and sustained subjective effects; pp. 57–68. https://doi​.org/10.1177/0269881114555249 . [PubMed: 25389218]

GBD (Global Burden of Disease) 2019 Mental Disorders Collaborators. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2. Vol. 9. 2022. Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019; pp. 137–150. https://doi​.org/10.1016​/S2215-0366(21)00395-3 . [PMC free article: PMC8776563] [PubMed: 35026139]

Griffiths RR, Johnson MW, Carducci MA, Umbricht A, Richards WA, Richards BD, Cosimano MP, Klinedinst MA. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 12. Vol. 30. 2016. Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized double-blind trial; pp. 1181–1197. https://doi​.org/10.1177/0269881116675513 . [PMC free article: PMC5367557] [PubMed: 27909165]

Grinspoon L, Bakalar JB. Psychedelic drugs reconsidered. Vol. 168. New York: Basic Books; 1979.

Grob CS, Poland RE, Chang L, Ernst T. Behavioural Brain Research. 1-2. Vol. 73. 1996. Psychobiologic effects of 3,4 -methylenedioxymethamphetamine in humans: Methodological considerations and preliminary observations; pp. 103–107. https://doi​.org/10.1016​/0166-4328(96)00078-2 . [PubMed: 8788485]

Gukasyan N, Davis AK, Barrett FS, Cosimano MP, Sepeda ND, Johnson MW, Griffiths RR. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2. Vol. 36. 2022. Efficacy and safety of psilocybin-assisted treatment for major depressive disorder: Prospective 12-month follow-up; pp. 151–158. https://doi​.org/10.1177​/02698811211073759 . [PMC free article: PMC8864328] [PubMed: 35166158]

Hayes SC, Strosahl KD, Wilson KG. Acceptance and commitment therapy an experiential approach to behavior change. New York: Guilford Press; 1999.

Holmes SE, Finnema SJ, Naganawa M, DellaGioia N, Holden D, Fowles K, Davis M, Ropchan J, Emory P, Ye Y, Nabulsi N, Matuskey D, Angarita GA, Pietrzak RH, Duman RS, Sanacora G, Krystal JH, Carson RE, Esterlis I. Molecular Psychiatry. 4. Vol. 27. 2022. Imaging the effect of ketamine on synaptic density (SV2A) in the living brain; pp. 2273–2281. https://doi​.org/10.1038​/s41380-022-01465-2 . [PMC free article: PMC9133063] [PubMed: 35165397]

Inserra A, De Gregorio D, Rezai T, Lopez-Canul MG, Comai S, Gobbi G. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 4. Vol. 35. 2021. Lysergic acid diethylamide differentially modulates the reticular thalamus, mediodorsal thalamus, and infralimbic prefrontal cortex: An in vivo electrophysiology study in male mice; pp. 469–482. https://doi​.org/10.1177/0269881121991569 . [PMC free article: PMC8058830] [PubMed: 33645311]

Jerome L, Feduccia AA, Wang JB, Hamilton S, Yazar-Klosinski B, Emerson A, Mithoefer MC, Doblin R. Psychopharmacology. 8. Vol. 237. 2020. Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: A longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials; pp. 2485–2497. https://doi​.org/10.1007​/s00213-020-05548-2 . [PMC free article: PMC7351848] [PubMed: 32500209]

Johnson MW, Garcia-Romeu A, Griffiths RR. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 1. Vol. 43. 2017. Long-term follow-up of psilocybin-facilitated smoking cessation; pp. 55–60. https://doi​.org/10.3109/00952990​.2016.1170135 . [PMC free article: PMC5641975] [PubMed: 27441452]

Johnson MW, Griffiths RR, Hendricks PS, Henningfield JE. Neuropharmacology. Vol. 142. 2018. The abuse potential of medical psilocybin according to the 8 factors of the Controlled Substances Act; pp. 143–166. https://doi​.org/10.1016/j​.neuropharm.2018.05.012 . [PMC free article: PMC6791528] [PubMed: 29753748]

Kettner H, Rosas FE, Timmermann C, Kärtner L, Carhart-Harris RL, Roseman L. Frontiers in Pharmacology. Vol. 12. 2021. Psychedelic communitas: Intersubjective experience during psychedelic group sessions predicts enduring changes in psychological wellbeing and social connectedness. https://www​.frontiersin​.org/article/10.3389/fphar​.2021.623985 . [PMC free article: PMC8114773] [PubMed: 33995022]

Kyzar EJ, Nichols CD, Gainetdinov RR, Nichols DE, Kalueff AV. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 11. Vol. 38. 2017. Psychedelic drugs in biomedicine; pp. 992–1005. https://doi​.org/10.1016/j​.tips.2017.08.003 . [PubMed: 28947075]

Levine S. Psychology Today. 2021. Ketamine: A cautionary tale. https://www​.psychologytoday​.com/us/blog/pathways-progress​/202111​/ketamine-cautionary-tale .

Ly C, Greb AC, Cameron LP, Wong JM, Barragan EV, Wilson PC, Burbach KF, Soltanzadeh S, Zarandi SS, Sood A, Paddy MR, Duim WC. Cell Reports. 11. Vol. 23. 2018. Psychedelics promote structural and functional neural plasticity; pp. 3170–3182. https://doi​.org/10.1016/j​.celrep.2018.05.022 . [PMC free article: PMC6082376] [PubMed: 29898390]

Markopoulos A, Inserra A, De Gregorio D, Gobbi G. Frontiers in Pharmacology. Vol. 12. 2021. Evaluating the potential use of serotonergic psychedelics in autism spectrum disorder. [PMC free article: PMC8846292] [PubMed: 35177979]

McCulloch DE-Wen, Madsen MKS, Stenbæk D, Kristiansen S, Ozenne B, Jensen PS, Knudsen GM, Fisher PM. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 1. Vol. 36. 2022. Lasting effects of a single psilocybin dose on resting-state functional connectivity in healthy individuals; pp. 74–84. https://doi​.org/10.1177​/02698811211026454 . [PMC free article: PMC8801642] [PubMed: 34189985]

Mitchell JM, Bogenschutz M, Lilienstein A, Harrison C, Kleiman S, Parker-Guilbert K, Ot'alora G M, Garas W, Paleos C, Garman I, Nicholas C, Mithoefer M, Carlin S, Poulter B, Mithoefer A, Quevedo S, Wells G, Klaire SS, van der Kolk B, Tzarfaty K, Amiaz R, Worthy R, Shannon S, Woolley JD, Marta C, Gelfand Y, Hapke E, Amar S, Wallach Y, Brown R, Hamilton S, Wang JB, Coker A, Matthews R, de Boer A, Yazar-Klosinski B, Emerson A, Doblin R. Nature Medicine. 6. Vol. 27. 2021. MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study; pp. 1025–1033. https://doi​.org/10.1038​/s41591-021-01336-3 . [PMC free article: PMC8205851] [PubMed: 33972795]

Mithoefer MC, Feduccia AA, Jerome L, Mithoefer A, Wagner M, Walsh Z, Hamilton S, Yazar-Klosinski B, Emerson A, Doblin R. Psychopharmacology. 9. Vol. 236. 2019. MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: Study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials; pp. 2735–2745. https://doi​.org/10.1007​/s00213-019-05249-5 . [PMC free article: PMC6695343] [PubMed: 31065731]

Nichols DE. Frontiers in Psychiatry. Vol. 13. 2022. Entactogens: How the name for a novel class of psychoactive agents originated. https://www​.frontiersin​.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt​.2022.863088 . [PMC free article: PMC8990025] [PubMed: 35401275]

Pahnke WN, Richards WA. Journal of Religion and Health. 3. Vol. 5. 1966. Implications of LSD and experimental mysticism; pp. 175–208. https://doi​.org/10.1007/BF01532646 . [PubMed: 24424798]

Petranker R, Anderson T, Farb N. Frontiers in Psychology. Vol. 11. 2020. Psychedelic research and the need for transparency: Polishing Alice's looking glass; p. 1681. https://doi​.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01681 . [PMC free article: PMC7367180] [PubMed: 32754101]

Preller KH, Razi A, Zeidman P, Stämpfli P, Friston KJ, Vollenweider FX. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 7. Vol. 116. 2019. Effective connectivity changes in LSD-induced altered states of consciousness in humans; pp. 2743–2748. https://doi​.org/10.1073/pnas.1815129116 . [PMC free article: PMC6377471] [PubMed: 30692255]

Reiff CM, Richman EE, Nemeroff CB, Carpenter LL, Widge AS, Rodriguez CI, Kalin NH, McDonald WM. and the Work Group on Biomarkers and Novel Treatments, a Division of the American Psychiatric Association Council of Research. American Journal of Psychiatry. 5. Vol. 177. 2020. Psychedelics and psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy; pp. 391–410. https://doi​.org/10.1176/appi​.ajp.2019.19010035 . [PubMed: 32098487]

Roseman L, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL. Frontiers in Pharmacology. Vol. 8. 2018. Quality of acute psychedelic experience predicts therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. https://www​.frontiersin​.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2017.00974 . [PMC free article: PMC5776504] [PubMed: 29387009]

Roseman L, Haijen E, Idialu-Ikato K, Kaelen M, Watts R, Carhart-Harris R. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 9. Vol. 33. 2019. Emotional breakthrough and psychedelics: Validation of the emotional breakthrough inventory; pp. 1076–1087. https://doi​.org/10.1177/0269881119855974 . [PubMed: 31294673]

Ross S, Bossis A, Guss J, Agin-Liebes G, Malone T, Cohen B, Mennenga SE, Besler A, Kalliontzi K, Babb J, Su Z, Corby P, Schmidt B. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 12. Vol. 30. 2016. Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized controlled trial; pp. 1165–1180. https://doi​.org/10.1177/0269881116675512 . [PMC free article: PMC5367551] [PubMed: 27909164]

Rucker JJ, Marwood L, Ajantaival R-LJ, Bird C, Eriksson H, Harrison J, Lennard-Jones M, Mistry S, Saldarini F, Stansfield S, Tai SJ, Williams S, Weston N, Malievskaia E, Young AH. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 1. Vol. 36. 2022. The effects of psilocybin on cognitive and emotional functions in healthy participants: Results from a phase 1, randomised, placebo-controlled trial involving simultaneous psilocybin administration and preparation; pp. 114–125. https://doi​.org/10.1177​/02698811211064720 . [PMC free article: PMC8801675] [PubMed: 35090363]

Schulenberg JE, Patrick ME, Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, Bachman JG, Miech RA. Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975–2020: Volume II, College students and adults ages 19–60. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan; 2021. http:​//monitoringthefuture​.org/pubs.html#monographs .

Sellers EM, Romach MK, Leiderman DB. Neuropharmacology. November. Vol. 142. 2018. Studies with psychedelic drugs in human volunteers; pp. 116–134. https://doi​.org/10.1016/j​.neuropharm.2017.11.029 . [PubMed: 29162429]

Shao L-X, Liao C, Gregg I, Davoudian PA, Savalia NK, Delagarza K, Kwan AC. Neuron. 16. Vol. 109. 2021. Psilocybin induces rapid and persistent growth of dendritic spines in frontal cortex in vivo; pp. 2535–2544. https://doi​.org/10.1016/j​.neuron.2021.06.008 . [PMC free article: PMC8376772] [PubMed: 34228959]

Vollenweider FX. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 4. Vol. 3. 2001. Brain mechanisms of hallucinogens and entactogens; pp. 265–279. [PMC free article: PMC3181663] [PubMed: 22033605]

Vollenweider FX, Kometer M. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 9. Vol. 11. 2010. The neurobiology of psychedelic drugs: Implications for the treatment of mood disorders; pp. 642–651. https://doi​.org/10.1038/nrn2884 . [PubMed: 20717121]

Vollenweider FX, Preller KH. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 11. Vol. 21. 2020. Psychedelic drugs: Neurobiology and potential for treatment of psychiatric disorders; pp. 611–624. https://doi​.org/10.1038​/s41583-020-0367-2 . [PubMed: 32929261]

Wasson RG. Life. 1957. [May 13, 1957]. Seeking the magic mushroom.

Watts R, Luoma JB. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. January. Vol. 15. 2020. The use of the psychological flexibility model to support psychedelic assisted therapy; pp. 92–102. https://doi​.org/10.1016/j​.jcbs.2019.12.004 .

Zittoun T, Brinkmann S. Learning as meaning making. In: Seel NM, editor. Encyclopedia of the sciences of learning. Boston, MA: Springer; 2012. https://doi​.org/10.1007​/978-1-4419-1428-6_1851 .