providing legal protections and workplace policies to ensure worker health and safety and income protection (including during periods of disability) across the life course;

developing innovative solutions for extending legal and income protection to workers participating in alternative models of work (e.g., gig economy, informal sector);

increasing opportunities for part-time work and flexible schedules; and

promoting intergenerational national and community service and encore careers.

grants or tax breaks for employers to promote retaining and upskilling of employees (e.g., apprenticeship programs, retraining of workers in physically demanding jobs to enable them to engage in new careers in less demanding jobs);

special grants to community colleges and universities for the development of innovative models that target middle-aged and older students to support lifelong learning; and

grants to individuals for engaging in midcareer training.

collaborating across sectors—for example with local governments, industry, and nongovernmental organizations—to launch public information campaigns that highlight the value of older people to society;

developing public and private partnerships to create programs, connected intergenerational communities, and innovative models that enable all people to contribute to society; and

developing legal protections for the rights of older people and ending age-based segregation and discrimination (e.g., legal barriers related to housing, policies that discourage work at older ages).

For countries without retirement income systems, introduce support for older people with no or subsistence-level income.

For countries with emerging retirement income systems, increase security for low-income older people.

For countries with robust retirement income systems, identify evidence-based models for strengthening financial security across the life course.

at the city level, developing and implementing mitigation strategies to reduce the negative effects of the physical environment (e.g., air pollution and climate events such as flooding and hurricanes/typhoons) on older adults;

at the neighborhood level, promoting and measuring the impact of innovation and policy solutions for healthy longevity, intergenerational connection, and cohesion;

at the home level, updating physical infrastructure to address affordability, insufficiencies, and inefficiencies in housing stock, as well as support autonomy and social connection;

making broadband accessible and reducing the digital divide (e.g., usability of and willingness to adopt technology) within the context of each community; and

designing public transportation options, including solutions that address first-/last-mile transportation needs, that can be provided to companies, foundations, and local governments for implementation.

Investments in public health systems may require governments to rebalance investments in health care and public health.

Public policies should create incentives for individuals, employers, and communities to engage in prevention and wellness activities.

All countries should establish 5-year targets for preventive health and measure progress toward those targets.

Health systems, in concert with communities and the people they serve, should adopt affordable, accessible, culturally appropriate models, including geriatric care models, for providing person-centered, integrated care for older people facing functional limitations, multimorbidity, frailty, and complex care needs.

Governments should develop plans to align health care payment and reimbursement systems with healthy longevity outcomes.

Health care and long-term care systems should begin to develop the infrastructure needed to create integrated continua of care supported by interoperable data systems.

Health care systems should measure care outcomes based on patient goals and preferences and patient-reported outcomes.

Relevant licensing and certification bodies should ensure that all health care providers receive training in how the physiology and psychology of aging affect diagnosis and treatment of older patients.

Governments, professional societies, and health systems should provide incentives to develop and/or maintain a geriatrics workforce, including allied health workers, to focus on older adults with multimorbidity, geriatric syndromes, and declining physical and cognitive functioning.

Governments, employers, health systems, and communities should empower citizens with the tools and data needed to manage their own health.

pilot programs to identify effective, accessible, affordable, and scalable models for delivering long-term care services and supports; and

models for providing financial and technological support, training, and career pathways for informal caregivers as well as the paid long-term care workforce.