Nutrient Composition of Feeds

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Division on Earth and Life Studies; Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources; Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Division on Earth and Life Studies; Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources; Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle: Eighth Revised Edition. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2021 Aug 30.

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Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle: Eighth Revised Edition.

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19Nutrient Composition of Feeds

INTRODUCTION

The historical background for systems of naming feeds and describing their chemical composition and nutritive value has been reviewed (Tyler, 1975; Harris et al., 1980). In the 1950s, the National Research Council (NRC) began publishing tables of nutrient composition of feeds (NRC, 1945, 1956) and cereals and forages (NRC, 1945, 1958). Additional publications followed that attempted to standardize nomenclature and update nutrient composition data (NRC, 1971, 1982; Fontenot et al., 1995). Data for this report were prepared in collaboration with the Feed Composition Committee of the National Animal Nutrition Program,^¹ a National Research Support Project (NRSP-9).^²

SOURCE OF DATA

Numerous feeds are incorporated into diets for dairy cattle. For example, in 1978, the International Network of Information Centres listed 17,000 registered feedstuffs (Tran and Lapierre, 1997). The committee attempted to construct tables of reliable data on the composition of common feeds fed to dairy cattle in North America. Where applicable, variations in moisture, processing, grade, and harvest practices are reflected in the name. Feedstuffs are also further assigned a classification (animal protein, calf feed, by-product/other, energy source, grain crop forage, grass/legume forage, calcium soaps, oil, nonprotein nitrogen, plant protein, pasture, and vitamin/mineral) and type (dry forage, wet forage, and concentrate). This classification scheme is used in various equations within the model. All names and classifications are unique to this report and do not follow the International Feed Name and Number system (Harris et al., 1980); however, the committee attempted to use feed names that are consistent with national feed control officials (AAFCO, 2016).

Data summarized in Table 19-1 later in this chapter were derived from data graciously donated by the following commercial laboratories: Cumberland Valley Analytical Services (Waynesboro, PA, but formerly Hagerstown, MD), Rock River Laboratory (Watertown, WI), Dairyland Laboratories (Arcadia, WI), and Dairy One (Ithaca, NY). Five years of feed composition data were requested from each lab in the spring of 2015 and received soon after this request. The individual fatty acid (FA; not total fatty acids [TFAs]) and amino acid (AA) data presented in Table 19-2 later in this chapter were provided by Cornell University (Higgs et al., 2015). AA data were not corrected for microbial contamination that may exist in residues isolated to estimate rumen escape of feed protein (Paz et al., 2014). Tables 19-1 and 19-2 contain a small number of values that originated from other sources, including literature data, the eighth revised edition of the Nutrient requirements of Beef cattle (NASEM, 2016), and unpublished data provided by university researchers. These values can be identified in the tables when a mean is reported but the corresponding number of observations (N) and standard deviation (SD) are not reported. Feed composition listed in this report reflects data available from the listed sources, and methods to generate them may not necessarily follow all analytical methods described in Chapter 18. Table 19-1 includes the mean, N, and SD, and when no data were available, these estimates are blank, but a value of zero indicates that the analyte was measured but the concentration was zero (or below detection limits). Based on SD, some nutrients do not follow a normal distribution, and the mean may not be the best indicator of central tendency, but to be consistent, means were used for all nutrients and feeds. Aside from dry matter (DM), all data are presented on a moisture-free or DM basis. Data that were generated from wet chemistry could not be differentiated from data derived from near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy, and as a consequence, both sources of data were used. Mineral data, however, were only from wet chemistry analyses.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND GENERATION OF DATA

The number of observations used for each nutrient and each feed can vary; consequently, variations in reliability or confidence also exist. Data in tables mostly reflect broad populations, and users should use data from more specific populations (e.g., specific production process or geographic area) when available. Mean values are estimates of central tendency of a population; a specific sample may differ greatly from the mean. Ranges and SD should be used to evaluate the reliability of the mean value to reflect the value of a specific sample. Means with a large N will better reflect the total population (but not necessarily a specific sample). A mean with a large SD may represent the total population but may be a poor estimate for a specific sample. New to this report is the greater detail provided regarding statistical variation, namely, minimum, maximum, 10th percentile, and 90th percentile. When the minimum or maximum differs greatly from the 10th percentile and 90th percentile values, respectively, the data likely do not follow a normal distribution, and the mean and SD may not be the appropriate statistics for central tendency and dispersion. For example, in Table 19-1, alfalfa meal has a mean iron (Fe) concentration of 951 mg/kg with an SD of 680. The minimum value is 1.4 SD units from the mean, but the maximum concentration is 4.1 SD units from the mean. These data are clearly skewed, with a few samples having very high concentrations of Fe; the median is 726 mg/kg or almost 24 percent less than the mean. Users are encouraged to evaluate all of the statistics (mean, SD, minimum, maximum, and 10th and 90th percentiles) before deciding whether the use of the mean is appropriate. Within feeds, the number of observations can differ across analytes, and this may represent a source of inconsistency when working with mean values because of covariance (Sauvant and Ponter, 2004). Sources of variation include analytical methodology and variation, subsampling practices, and factors such as crop variety, climate, soil type, length of storage, or method of processing (St-Pierre and Cobanov, 2007; St-Pierre and Weiss, 2015). Data from the tables are not intended to replace proper analytical testing and optimal sampling frequency but to serve as a reference on the nutrient composition for populations of feedstuffs.

Data generated from commercial testing laboratories generally classify feeds based on the feed name provided by the user, and because of ambiguities in feed names and other issues, feeds are often misclassified. Because of this problem, a statistical method developed to screen and classify feed data (Yoder et al., 2014) was used. The method was modified to operate on Python (Python Programming Language, v. 2.7; Tran et al., 2020). A total of 2.761 × 10⁶ records received from the four labs were used to develop the procedures and to construct the table summarizing feed composition. Feed names and variables across labs were standardized, and obvious erroneous data points and duplicated samples were removed. Histograms and univariate analysis were used to identify and remove outliers having key nutrients outside of mean ± (3.5 × SD). Key nutrients were the analytes used for within-laboratory clustering analysis to identify groups of feeds within a named feedstuff. Typically, the key nutrients were DM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ash, and sometimes lignin, starch, crude fat (CF), and hemicellulose. In addition, although water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) are listed in Table 19-1, ethanol soluble carbohydrates (80 percent ethanol extraction) were used in the cluster analysis for some feeds. Two multivariate analyses (principal component analysis and clustering) were used to eliminate additional outliers and to identify potential subpopulations. Samples with a principal component score greater than 3.5 × SD from the mean score were removed. Clustering analysis was conducted to identify the existence of subpopulations of feeds within a feed name. In a few cases, expertise of several committee members was relied on to identify subpopulations. Analytes used in the clustering steps are described in Tran et al. (2020). Aside from the clustering step that was programmed in Python to automatically run SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC) underneath, all steps were programmed automatically, followed by a manual evaluation step of the resulting Pearson correlation matrix and clusters. The input data of each of the four labs contained 42, 94, 162, and 270 feeds and were made up of 28 to 37 nutrients. The resulting database contains 173 feeds (1.489 × 10⁶ records), and 111 feeds had more than one cluster or subpopulation. The sum of analytes will not necessarily total 100 percent because of analytical (e.g., ash contamination of NDF) and statistical (e.g., different sample size for different nutrients) issues. Nutrients listed in animal protein sources, which are high in CP, often sum to more than 100 percent. For these animal protein sources, the use of a nitrogen-to-CP conversion factor of 6.25 usually leads to an overestimation of the actual protein content (Mariotti et al., 2008). Residual organic matter (ROM), which is used in energy calculations of this report, is determined as 100 minus the sum of ash, FAs, CP, NDF, and starch. In rare situations, ROM was negative, but that was left in to partially compensate for the energy provided by the calculated excess nutrients. For convenience, the electronic feed library associated with the model contains some commonly commercially available supplements such as rumen-protected AAs and organic trace minerals, but fields are blank, and the user will have to use their own data, expertise, and judgment to populate these.

Energy

Table 19-1 lists the base digestible energy (DE), which was calculated from the mean nutrient data for each entry (see below and Chapter 3 for more detail). The computer model will generate DE, metabolizable energy (ME), and net energy for lactation (NEL) values for the diet based on user inputs of specific nutrients and equations outlined in Chapter 3. Energy values depend on diet (not ingredient) composition and feed intake; therefore, the DE values in Table 19-1 are standardized to a base value. These values were calculated assuming a DM intake (DMI) of 3.5 percent of body weight, dietary starch concentration of 26 percent, and a diet NDF content of 30 percent so that endogenous fecal CP was equal to 15.6 g/kg DM or 0.088 Mcal/kg DM. Undigested bacterial CP was assumed to be 16.5 g/kg DM or 0.093 Mcal/kg based on the average quantity of microbial protein synthesized in the data set used to derive the microbial protein synthesis equation (1,875 g/d and average DMI was 22.7 kg/d), and endogenous ROM was assumed to be 34.3 g/kg DM or 0.137 Mcal/kg DMI. Total endogenous energy was calculated as 0.088 + 0.093 + 0.137 = 0.318 Mcal/kg DMI.

For fat supplements, the digestion coefficients are listed in Chapter 4. For fat supplements that contain essentially only FAs (not triglycerides [TGs]), base DE is calculated using the following equation:

Total FA (TFA) × (Fat digestibility coefficient / 100) × 0.094 − 0.318

(Equation 19-1)

For fat supplements that are made up of mostly TGs, the base DE is calculated using the following equation:

(TFA × (Fat digestibility coefficient / 100) × 0.094) + [(100 − Ash − (TFA/1.06)) × 0.96 × 0.043] − 0.318

(Equation 19-2)

For feedstuffs made up of animal proteins, base DE is calculated using the base energy equations (see Chapter 3) except that the starch and NDF terms were deleted because animal products do not contain those compounds:

(0.73 × TFA × 0.094) + ((CP × (RDP / 100) + (CP × (RUP / 100) × dRUP)) × 0.056) + (0.96 × (100 − TFA/1.06 − CP − Ash) × 0.04) − 0.318

(Equation 19-3)

Note: TFA and CP are percent of DM while rumen-degradable protein (RDP) and rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) are percent of CP and dRUP (percentage of RUP).

For sugars, crude glycerol and other sugar alcohols, base DE is calculated as follows:

(100 − Ash) × 0.040 × 0.96 − 0.318

(Equation 19-4)

Note: The enthalpy of sugars and glycerol differs slightly (e.g., pure glycerol = 4.3 Mcal/kg and sucrose = 4.0 Mcal/kg), but for simplicity, the same enthalpy was used (4 Mcal/kg).

Total Fatty Acids

CF values represent the total ether-soluble content of a feed but are a poor index of the true FA content of many feeds. CF values are reported but not used in this edition because the concentration of FAs in a feed is the better measure of the true fat content of a feedstuff (Sukhija and Palmquist, 1988) and results in more accurate energy values. When available, the TFA value in the tables was from data collected from commercial laboratories; however, when actual TFA data were unavailable, FA was usually estimated as CF − 1, and neither N nor SD were reported. For forages, this estimate is not accurate, and a regression equation was used: TFA = CF × 0.5678 (Daley et al., 2018) to generate estimated TFA concentrations. When this equation was used to estimate TFA, a mean TFA was reported, but N or SD was not reported.

Carbohydrates and Lignin

In some cases, data that were derived with different analytical techniques were used. Lignin and ash concentrations are only used to estimate energy values, and most lignin values were determined using sulfuric acid detergent lignin (ADL). Crude fiber concentrations are not presented because the values have little meaning nutritionally. WSC are not used in any calculations contained in this report and are listed in Table 19-1 for reference purposes only but do comprise a portion of the ROM fraction. In vitro rumen NDF digestibility (IVNDFD48) is reported, and 48-hour incubations were used. Values of various carbohydrate fractions (acid detergent fiber [ADF], NDF, WSC, and starch) and lignin for animal proteins were set to zero as any detection of these analytes represents artifacts of the assay and not the nutritive entities intended to be described by the assays (see Chapter 18). Values may differ when the chemical composition of a feed mixture containing animal proteins is determined through direct chemical analysis and when chemical composition is determined through computation using values from Table 19-1.

Minerals

Mean concentrations of minerals are in Table 19-1; however, before using these values, the reader should examine the SD. Soil concentrations of minerals are highly variable, and geographic differences exist for the mineral concentrations of many feeds. For most trace minerals, the SD is high and data generally fit a nonnormal distribution. Variable contamination with soil likely contributes to the high variation. A substantial source of variation is sampling error (St-Pierre and Weiss, 2015). When evaluating single sample results for copper (Cu), Fe, manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn), caution should be exercised, especially for forages. Reliable data were not available for cobalt, chromium, and iodine in feedstuffs; thus, they are not included in Table 19-1. Concentrations of molybdenum (Mo) are provided only in reference to Cu availability. Composition of common mineral supplements is listed in Table 19-3 later in this chapter.

Protein

Soluble protein is listed in Table 19-1 for reference purposes only, and values were not used in any model calculations. Oil from soybeans may be obtained through mechanical processes (extrusion/expelling) or through solvent extraction. These processes result in meals of different chemical composition and nutrient availability (Karr-Lilienthal et al., 2006). Extrusion is a process in which material is placed under pressure and is pressed, pushed, or protruded through a small orifice (Jiang et al., 2011; AAFCO, 2016). The resulting meal has a much higher fat content than solvent-extracted soybean meal (Giallongo et al., 2015). When oil is removed by grinding the soybean and then pressing the oil out under high pressure, the product is called soybean meal, expellers. In the current feed library, feedstuffs resulting from soybean processing are referred to as (1) soybean meal, solvent extracted, 48 percent CP; (2) soybean meal, extruded; and (3) soybean meal, expellers. A number of different branded products are considered soybean meal, expellers, 48 percent CP, but they are not differentiated in this report.

The RUP content of diets was determined by calculations outlined in Chapter 6. This method was also used to calculate the RUP content of individual feeds listed in Table 19-1, assuming a standard cow weighing 650 kg and consuming 23 kg of feed (i.e., 3.5 percent of body weight). This method uses different calculations based on feed classification. Parameters for rumen disappearance (A, B, and C) and coefficients for the digestibility of RUP (dRUP) were determined from values compiled from literature data and other sources. When data on protein fractions were not available, fractions from comparable feeds were assigned. Although differences in maturity of forages may affect these fractions, data were not always available, so the same values were assigned across maturity classes.

Feed Names and Maturity Classes

Common names were used to designate feeds. As in the previous edition, data for different species of cool-season grasses (i.e., C3 grasses) were combined into a single classification (cool-season grasses). The classification is appropriate because macronutrient composition does not vary greatly among different perennial cool-season grass species (Cherney et al., 1993). Similarly, common legumes such as alfalfa, clover, and trefoil were combined into a single classification (legume hay or legume silage). Where possible, maturity classifications as determined through cluster analysis were added. Within forages, entries were classified as immature, mid-maturity, and mature. Typically, less mature forages contain a lower concentration of NDF, but growing conditions may alter that relationship. Mean NDF concentrations included in each entry are in Table 19-1; however, unlike in the last edition, distinct NDF cutoff values were not used. With clustering analysis, some overlap of NDF (and other analytes) concentrations between different forage maturity classes occurs. Because of the widespread use of mixed legume and grass forages, entries were included for this type of forage. The difference in hemicellulose concentrations, estimated as the NDF minus ADF (Van Soest et al., 1991), between legumes and grasses was used to partition some forages into mostly (>70 percent) grass mixtures (>17 to 22 percent hemicellulose), mixtures with approximately equal grass and legume (>13 to 17 percent hemicellulose), and mostly (>70 percent) legume (10 to 13 percent hemicellulose). Maturity classification for mixed forages was also based on NDF concentrations. Maturity of corn silage was estimated from DM content. Generally, as corn plants mature, DM increases (Wiersma et al., 1993).

TABLE 19-1Nutrient Composition, Digestibility, and Variability of Some Feedstuffs Commonly Fed to Dairy Cattle^a

Name	Alfalfa Meal			Almond Hulls			Apple Pomace/ By-Product, Wet			Bakery By-Product, Bread Waste
Feed ID Code	NRC16F1			NRC16F2			NRC16F3			NRC16F5
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	90.7	1.88	707	88.2	4.05	878	18.2	4.64	129	67.4	4.85	230
Ash, % DM	11.7	2.06	707	7.6	1.54	672	2.9	1.21	38	3.6	1.16	183
CP, % DM	19.5	1.99	705	5.3	1.06	869	6.4	1.64	129	14.9	1.91	230
A fraction, % of CP^b	28			30			42			48
B fraction, % of CP^b	66			35			53			44
C fraction, % of CP^b	6			35			5			8
Kd of B, %/h^b	6.7			5.3			7.4			16.2
RUP, % CP^c	36				54		30			22
dRUP, % of RUP^d	75			50			80			90
Soluble protein, % CP	37.0	5.72	602	37.0	11.24	543	19.7	8.80	81	20.6	8.10	140
ADIP, % DM^e	1.62	0.161	69	1.45	0.525	213	1.98			0.62	0.274	73
NDIP, % DM^f	3.97	0.406	67	1.94	0.586	173	3.38			1.04	0.488	72
ADF, % DM	33.9	3.29	688	27.6	7.16	874	38.6	8.10	113	3.2	2.39	208
NDF, % DM	42.9	4.66	707	33.0	7.90	869	45.7	8.47	129	6.3	4.47	230
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g	49.1	3.69	12	43.9	15.09	5	66.3	8.39	3	52.0
Lignin, % DM	7.55	1.104	689	9.53	2.955	335	15.95	5.586	27	1.29	0.896	130
Starch, % DM	1.8	0.97	660	0.9	0.72	202	3.5	4.37	42	53.5	8.23	144
WSC, % DM^h	8.3	1.84	561	36.4	6.76	37	25.5	17.85	12	11.4	4.74	24
TFAs, % DM	1.61	0.276	82	1.26			1.88			4.76
Crude fat, % DM	2.35	0.460	699	2.52	1.034	459	5.97	2.928	38	5.76	2.730	229
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	2.50			2.44			2.29			3.66
Ca, % DM	1.50	0.295	619	0.27	0.055	743	0.15	0.057	96	0.22	0.119	190
P, % DM	0.27	0.054	618	0.12	0.031	743	0.14	0.035	97	0.26	0.125	191
Mg, % DM	0.30	0.059	621	0.12	0.026	741	0.08	0.023	97	0.09	0.062	190
K, % DM	2.33	0.450	622	2.82	0.425	745	0.84	0.313	97	0.33	0.235	191
Na, % DM	0.12	0.069	283	0.02	0.011	723	0.02	0.030	94	0.65	0.175	173
Cl, % DM	0.67	0.240	513	0.08	0.069	163	0.04	0.028	15	0.93	0.229	71
S, % DM	0.26	0.042	560	0.04	0.013	420	0.08	0.019	78	0.21	0.096	109
Cu, mg/kg DM	8.83	2.803	289	5.80	2.684	721	8.91	2.382	98	4.19	3.379	165
Fe, mg/kg DM	951	680.4	288	291	169.4	721	172	241.7	97	125	102.9	165
Mn, mg/kg DM	50	19.6	283	17	6.3	723	12	6.0	96	21	17.6	167
Zn, mg/kg DM	23	5.7	283	16	8.7	716	8	4.0	97	25	13.9	165
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.71	0.886	226	1.06	0.307	20	1.00	0.000	15	1.05	0.229	19
Name	Bakery By-Product, Cereal			Bakery By-Product, Cookies			Bakery By-Product Meal			Barley Grain, Dry, Ground
Feed ID Code	NRC16F6			NRC16F7			NRC16F4			NRC16F8
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	91.1	2.61	236	89.3	2.59	1,241	90.1	2.42	149	88.7	2.43	2,404
Ash, % DM	3.5	1.62	145	4.6	1.52	797	4.4	1.54	150	2.8	0.58	2,075
CP, % DM	9.2	2.01	238	12.9	2.26	1,250	12.8	1.90	149	11.8	1.74	2,421
A fraction, % of CP^b	34			48			48			30
B fraction, % of CP^b	63			44			44			61
C fraction, % of CP^b	4			8			8			9
Kd of B, %/h^b	20.0			16.2			16.2			22.7
RUP, % CP^c	19			22			22			22
dRUP, % of RUP^d	75			90			90			85
Soluble protein, % CP	18.2	8.72	139	22.3	8.35	764	18.0	13.65	18	25.3	7.48	1,979
ADIP, % DM^e	1.07	0.375	105	1.13	0.485	259	0.46	0.425	92	0.70	0.264	539
NDIP, % DM^f	1.53	0.518	104	2.11	1.033	262	1.06	0.756	82	1.38	0.289	524
ADF, % DM	3.1	1.74	227	7.6	4.68	1,123	5.6	2.88	126	7.3	1.83	2,351
NDF, % DM	7.2	3.67	238	14.4	7.23	1,257	12.7	4.84	149	18.6	3.42	2,400
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g	52.0			52.0			52.0			51.5	13.35	22
Lignin, % DM	1.49	0.756	116	2.17	1.252	428	1.69	1.168	102	1.72	0.528	1,745
Starch, % DM	47.6	9.94	182	36.2	10.33	817	51.7	7.81	107	56.7	4.32	2,417
WSC, % DM^h	28.1	9.71	82	18.2	6.55	388				4.9	1.67	100
TFAs, % DM	1.95			9.04			7.68			1.31
Crude fat, % DM	2.95	1.306	236	10.04	2.837	1,244	8.68	2.278	149	2.31	0.334	1,948
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	3.44			3.59			3.60			3.36
Ca, % DM	0.22	0.206	158	0.24	0.224	889	0.37	0.303	125	0.12	0.188	1,780
P, % DM	0.28	0.102	157	0.42	0.174	895	0.35	0.111	126	0.38	0.064	1,862
Mg, % DM	0.08	0.039	158	0.17	0.089	889	0.15	0.082	125	0.14	0.027	1,795
K, % DM	0.31	0.123	159	0.57	0.269	889	0.47	0.152	125	0.59	0.314	1,786
Na, % DM	0.59	0.271	224	0.59	0.270	943	0.60	0.224	100	0.02	0.017	559
Cl, % DM	0.79	0.282	114	0.80	0.323	491	0.62	0.154	14	0.15	0.049	257
S, % DM	0.12	0.027	128	0.17	0.039	674	0.17	0.040	111	0.14	0.030	1,377
Cu, mg/kg DM	3.33	1.645	154	6.57	4.129	903	6.17	2.558	89	5.53	2.625	716
Fe, mg/kg DM	189	201.6	156	172	121.2	895	237	133.2	90	89	54.2	716
Mn, mg/kg DM	22	12.1	157	40	22.8	905	30	12.4	90	20	5.9	714
Zn, mg/kg DM	55	39.8	146	41	20.8	900	31	14.7	90	34	9.4	714
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.00	0.000	19	1.08	0.269	407				1.05	0.211	173
Name	Barley Grain, Steam Rolled			Barley Hay			Barley Malt Sprouts			Barley Silage, Headed
Feed ID Code	NRC16F1074			NRC16F9			NRC16F10			NRC16F11
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	88.7	2.43	2,404	89.4	2.55	1,096	81.2	27.84	145	37.0	5.40	1,266
Ash, % DM	2.8	0.58	2,075	8.6	2.33	849	5.9	1.41	145	5.9	1.33	1,276
CP, % DM	11.8	1.74	2,421	10.8	2.95	1,105	23.9	5.08	145	10.9	1.72	1,277
A fraction, % of CP^b	30			57			47			57
B fraction, % of CP^b	61			33			45			33
C fraction, % of CP^b	9			10			8			10
Kd of B, %/h^b	22.7			7.0			13.3			7.0
RUP, % CP^c	22			27			24			27
dRUP, % of RUP^d	85			83			64			83
Soluble protein, % CP	25.3	7.48	1,979	44.8	12.91	1,089	39.9	13.54	61	61.4	12.35	1,277
ADIP, % DM^e	0.70	0.264	539	0.65			0.86			0.95	0.197	1,274
NDIP, % DM^f	1.38	0.289	524	2.24			5.13			1.30	0.412	1,272
ADF, % DM	7.3	1.83	2,351	34.1	4.34	1,105	18.3	4.16	107	26.3	2.65	1,274
NDF, % DM	18.6	3.42	2,400	54.5	5.75	1,106	40.5	7.35	145	44.8	3.67	1,276
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g	51.5	13.35	22	61.3	9.32	32
Lignin, % DM	1.72	0.528	1,745	4.07	1.293	846	2.61	1.590	70	3.81	0.488	1,275
Starch, % DM	56.7	4.32	2,417	7.3	6.64	791	8.6	6.38	73	23.9	6.05	1,277
WSC, % DM^h	4.9	1.67	100	14.8	7.46	760	15.9	4.81	36
TFAs, % DM	1.31			1.40	0.449	63	1.46			2.06	0.288	887
Crude fat, % DM	2.31	0.334	1,948	2.74	0.870	848	2.73	2.050	119	3.08	0.534	1,271
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	3.44			2.62			3.13			2.86
Ca, % DM	0.12	0.188	1,780	0.38	0.192	1,088	0.19	0.079	94	0.32	0.070	273
P, % DM	0.38	0.064	1,862	0.25	0.070	1,093	0.61	0.153	94	0.29	0.044	272
Mg, % DM	0.14	0.027	1,795	0.17	0.058	1,093	0.18	0.037	94	0.18	0.030	272
K, % DM	0.59	0.314	1,786	1.96	0.622	1,096	1.11	0.522	94	1.57	0.249	272
Na, % DM	0.02	0.017	559	0.38	0.338	237	0.05	0.037	78	0.11	0.073	272
Cl, % DM	0.15	0.049	257	0.95	0.533	766	0.36	0.125	62	0.47	0.269	271
S, % DM	0.14	0.030	1,377	0.17	0.052	1,091	0.33	0.091	80	0.18	0.034	268
Cu, mg/kg DM	5.53	2.625	716	6.78	2.953	228	9.93	3.270	68	5.96	1.669	583
Fe, mg/kg DM	89	54.2	716	422	524.9	227	180	78.8	68	172	111.3	573
Mn, mg/kg DM	20	5.9	714	36	22.4	225	46	12.4	69	31	10.6	579
Zn, mg/kg DM	34	9.4	714	30	19.1	192	65	16.3	62	26	6.7	580
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.05	0.211	173	1.32	0.642	145	1.36	0.515	64	0.77	0.148	2
Name	Barley Silage, Mid-Maturity			Barley Silage, Vegetative			Beet Pulp, Dry			Beet Pulp, Dry, Molasses Added
Feed ID Code	NRC16F12			NRC16F13			NRC16F14			NRC16F15
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	36.1	7.99	4,993	33.0	9.03	1,277	92.3	1.24	53	90.6	1.84	549
Ash, % DM	7.9	2.01	5,016	10.7	2.58	1,282	5.2	1.50	54	7.5	1.96	542
CP, % DM	11.4	2.36	5,030	14.2	2.84	1,281	9.9	1.36	54	8.9	1.00	547
A fraction, % of CP^b	57			57			5			5
B fraction, % of CP^b	33			33			90			90
C fraction, % of CP^b	10			10			5			5
Kd of B, %/h^b	7.0			7.0			2.0			2.0
RUP, % CP^c	27			27			71			71
dRUP, % of RUP^d	83			83			80			80
Soluble protein, % CP	59.9	11.57	5,030	65.0	8.38	1,278	20.6	8.10	50	19.3	9.14	440
ADIP, % DM^e	1.11	0.225	3,666	1.39			1.30			1.79	0.772	112
NDIP, % DM^f	1.60	0.456	3,655	2.00			5.46			4.23	0.985	112
ADF, % DM	34.1	4.13	5,034	37.7	3.79	1,282	28.2	2.37	54	26.1	3.06	516
NDF, % DM	52.9	5.19	5,033	56.6	5.42	1,280	46.9	4.27	54	39.7	3.47	547
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g	52.1	4.81	253	57.5	6.19	193	79.0			74.0
Lignin, % DM	4.96	0.858	5,032	5.19	1.209	1,281	3.88	2.128	49	3.53	1.840	317
Starch, % DM	12.3	6.91	5,033	3.0	2.39	1,282	0.6	0.44	48	1.1	1.12	289
WSC, % DM^h	5.9	2.44	482	6.9	3.59	756	5.7	1.55	3	13.8	4.42	23
TFAs, % DM	1.70	0.379	2,808	2.07			0.63			0.63
Crude fat, % DM	3.13	0.575	5,023	3.65	0.612	1,278	1.06	0.308	49	1.19	0.374	400
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	2.62			2.52			2.75			2.74
Ca, % DM	0.46	0.251	1,661	0.53	0.228	1,275	0.77	0.252	51	1.18	0.332	504
P, % DM	0.31	0.053	1,666	0.35	0.061	1,280	0.08	0.014	50	0.09	0.035	501
Mg, % DM	0.19	0.052	1,660	0.19	0.050	1,277	0.26	0.039	51	0.25	0.046	506
K, % DM	2.00	0.575	1,667	2.72	0.642	1,279	0.49	0.229	50	0.59	0.386	503
Na, % DM	0.18	0.231	549	0.16	0.184	203	0.11	0.057	50	0.14	0.142	427
Cl, % DM	0.65	0.524	961	0.87	0.388	739	0.08	0.059	47	0.09	0.114	294
S, % DM	0.18	0.034	1,663	0.20	0.038	1,278	0.20	0.097	50	0.30	0.092	385
Cu, mg/kg DM	7.88	2.815	1,616	9.24	3.546	168	8.10	2.492	51	8.56	2.959	450
Fe, mg/kg DM	272	227.6	1,611	663	675.9	167	588	262.2	50	614	308.1	451
Mn, mg/kg DM	40	17.5	1,616	48	22.8	169	78	19.3	51	63	17.3	449
Zn, mg/kg DM	30	8.1	1,616	32	10.6	166	21	6.0	49	24	7.0	451
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.43	0.753	62	1.40	0.752	124	1.00	0.000	4	1.03	0.169	35
Name	Beet Pulp, Wet			Bermudagrass Hay			Bermudagrass Silage, Mature			Bermudagrass Silage, Mid-Maturity
Feed ID Code	NRC16F16			NRC16F17			NRC16F18			NRC16F19
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	22.7	3.36	629	93.4	1.15	10,059	45.3	10.51	128	38.4	9.66	693
Ash, % DM	7.3	2.06	630	8.0	1.31	10,053	6.2	1.65	130	9.1	2.13	695
CP, % DM	9.1	1.08	631	11.0	2.56	10,071	10.3	1.64	130	14.6	2.56	696
A fraction, % of CP^b	5			36			37			37
B fraction, % of CP^b	90			52			51			51
C fraction, % of CP^b	5			12			12			12
Kd of B, %/h^b	2.0			8.1			8.1			8.1
RUP, % CP^c	71			34			34			34
dRUP, % of RUP^d	80			65			65			65
Soluble protein, % CP	16.3	7.73	249	33.0	4.99	8,917	47.0	10.09	130	54.5	9.75	697
ADIP, % DM^e	0.88	0.201	50	0.84			1.15			1.64	0.484	32
NDIP, % DM^f	2.22	0.706	50	4.16			2.44			3.46	1.141	32
ADF, % DM	27.2	2.92	329	34.9	3.42	10,056	42.8	2.64	130	39.0	3.10	695
NDF, % DM	44.1	6.49	632	65.4	3.79	10,064	70.8	3.28	130	64.1	4.57	697
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g	78.3	3.58	10	54.2	7.89	383	52.3	2.29	7	63.5	4.84	110
Lignin, % DM	3.18	2.334	161	5.41	1.199	10,073	7.69	1.091	130	5.90	1.261	696
Starch, % DM	0.9	0.64	174	4.9	3.05	9,869	3.4	1.87	127	2.4	1.50	620
WSC, % DM^h	3.0	1.90	37	7.7	1.69	9,776	4.0	2.17	128	5.0	2.04	573
TFAs, % DM	0.64			1.25	0.441	169	1.35			1.44	0.568	92
Crude fat, % DM	0.99	0.373	492	1.93	0.335	10,026	2.38	0.662	130	3.37	0.703	685
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	2.73			2.40			2.26			2.39
Ca, % DM	1.12	0.349	314	0.49	0.091	10,038	0.47	0.101	129	0.51	0.120	663
P, % DM	0.13	0.120	318	0.19	0.047	10,023	0.24	0.053	130	0.31	0.057	666
Mg, % DM	0.26	0.048	321	0.21	0.045	10,032	0.20	0.047	129	0.24	0.051	660
K, % DM	0.57	0.366	320	1.71	0.378	10,043	1.52	0.428	130	2.41	0.575	665
Na, % DM	0.10	0.071	243	0.15	0.112	3,814	0.03	0.017	17	0.06	0.046	134
Cl, % DM	0.11	0.199	134	0.74	0.239	8,238	0.55	0.217	120	0.75	0.285	566
S, % DM	0.24	0.108	199	0.40	0.111	9,098	0.21	0.042	130	0.25	0.063	650
Cu, mg/kg DM	9.40	4.876	224	9.76	2.947	3,823	9.00	4.256	18	12.71	6.212	143
Fe, mg/kg DM	699	354.7	226	221	93.5	3,813	206	118.1	18	386	328.5	137
Mn, mg/kg DM	60	14.2	224	59	27.2	3,788	86	59.3	18	75	43.6	149
Zn, mg/kg DM	26	7.8	226	34	8.8	3,800	32	12.7	18	44	15.0	143
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.00	0.000	4	1.12	0.324	2,406	1.13	0.354	8	1.27	0.466	98
Name	Blood Meal, High dRUP			Blood Meal, Low dRUP			Brewers Grains, Dry			Brewers Grains, Wet
Feed ID Code	NRC16F1000			NRC16F20			NRC16F21			NRC16F22
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	90.9	3.10	870	90.9	3.10	870	93.1	2.34	139	22.5	3.56	2,427
Ash, % DM	3.3	1.74	183	3.3	1.74	183	4.6	1.06	139	4.6	0.63	2,423
CP, % DM	95.1	3.15	845	95.1	3.15	845	25.3	4.56	139	28.1	4.00	2,441
A fraction, % of CP^b	10			10			18			47
B fraction, % of CP^b	61			61			67			44
C fraction, % of CP^b	29			29			15			9
Kd of B, %/h^b	1.9			1.9			4.5			3.9
RUP, % CP^c	85			75			52			37
dRUP, % of RUP^d	85			65			74			83
Soluble protein, % CP	19.5	20.96	135	19.5	20.96	135	17.7	13.47	136	11.2	4.85	1,842
ADIP, % DM^e	4.25	4.211	31	4.25	4.211	31	3.12			2.94	1.249	317
NDIP, % DM^f	5.67	4.497	30	5.67	4.497	30	8.60			3.95	1.334	299
ADF, % DM	0.0			0.0			24.7	5.61	139	23.8	2.66	2,292
NDF, % DM	0.0			0.0			51.8	10.59	139	49.3	4.94	2,439
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g							51.5	4.43	4	47.3	8.58	8
Lignin, % DM	0.00			0.00			6.66	2.133	136	6.64	1.112	2,179
Starch, % DM	0.0			0.0			6.5	2.76	126	5.2	3.88	1,966
WSC, % DM^h	0.0			0.0			3.8	3.87	13	2.0	1.20	23
TFAs, % DM	1.31			1.31			8.31			7.61
Crude fat, % DM	1.69	1.458	171	1.69	1.458	171	9.02	2.270	139	9.52	1.248	2,436
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	4.56			3.82			2.98			3.11
Ca, % DM	0.13	0.158	166	0.13	0.158	166	0.30	0.131	138	0.36	0.111	2,035
P, % DM	0.28	0.159	172	0.28	0.159	172	0.64	0.136	135	0.69	0.095	2,045
Mg, % DM	0.05	0.036	140	0.05	0.036	140	0.23	0.059	137	0.23	0.033	2,038
K, % DM	0.43	0.309	143	0.43	0.309	143	0.23	0.306	136	0.12	0.080	2,016
Na, % DM	0.42	0.198	133	0.42	0.198	133	0.02	0.012	77	0.02	0.017	699
Cl, % DM	0.35	0.127	67	0.35	0.127	67	0.09	0.075	46	0.06	0.043	306
S, % DM	0.74	0.225	137	0.74	0.225	137	0.30	0.059	134	0.32	0.056	1,853
Cu, mg/kg DM	6.05	4.309	134	6.05	4.309	134	15.97	7.000	77	10.38	5.401	766
Fe, mg/kg DM	2267	476.5	133	2267	476.5	133	350	315.0	78	223	82.0	764
Mn, mg/kg DM	4	3.5	125	4	3.5	125	54	12.5	78	53	11.8	769
Zn, mg/kg DM	33	14.0	131	33	14.0	131	86	13.3	49	94	17.9	662
Mo, mg/kg DM							1.92	0.885	77	2.34	0.861	300
Name	Brewers Yeast, Dry			Brewers Yeast, Wet			Calcium Soaps			Candy (Not Chocolate) By-Product
Feed ID Code	NRC16F23			NRC16F24			NRC16F25			NRC16F26
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	92.8	1.66	43	13.4	3.99	233	95.3			90.1	5.17	17
Ash, % DM	8.6	1.61	43	6.3	1.43	231	15.5			1.0	1.28	17
CP, % DM	50.7	6.86	43	43.3	8.36	234				2.4	1.53	17
A fraction, % of CP^b	9			9						74
B fraction, % of CP^b	91			91						26
C fraction, % of CP^b	0			0						0
Kd of B, %/h^b	2.4			2.4						3.2
RUP, % CP^c	63			63						21
dRUP, % of RUP^d	93			93						90
Soluble protein, % CP	45.3	16.44	38	59.4	27.34	12				26.2	26.48	16
ADIP, % DM^e	0.56			0.48						0.46	0.410	16
NDIP, % DM^f	2.73			2.33						0.84	0.783	16
ADF, % DM	3.6	3.68	11	5.6	4.51	12				1.5	1.81	16
NDF, % DM	1.6	2.14	38	11.5	9.33	12				2.3	1.40	16
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g
Lignin, % DM	1.82	1.650	9	1.25	0.630	12				0.57	0.571	16
Starch, % DM	4.1	6.78	11	4.4	1.00	4				23.5	11.41	17
WSC, % DM^h	4.1	1.69	33	14.0	7.78	2
TFAs, % DM	0.11			2.34			84.50			0.25
Crude fat, % DM	1.11	0.774	42	3.34	2.143	231	84.50			1.25	1.308	17
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	3.94			3.85			5.42			3.48
Ca, % DM	0.12	0.099	14	0.37	0.147	20				0.06	0.076	16
P, % DM	1.19	0.288	14	1.49	0.464	20				0.03	0.015	16
Mg, % DM	0.21	0.078	14	0.21	0.064	20				0.04	0.048	14
K, % DM	1.38	0.469	14	1.76	0.549	20				0.09	0.095	17
Na, % DM	0.08	0.072	14	0.08	0.065	20				0.15	0.150	17
Cl, % DM	0.20	0.090	10	0.79	0.456	3				0.15	0.145	15
S, % DM	0.86	1.644	13	0.47	0.072	18				0.04	0.021	16
Cu, mg/kg DM	101.14	254.822	14	19.25	17.550	20				1.46	0.660	13
Fe, mg/kg DM	135	131.6	14	100	56.2	20				37	45.4	17
Mn, mg/kg DM	26	39.0	14	7	2.9	20				4	4.5	16
Zn, mg/kg DM	60	34.4	9	60	17.6	16				8	12.8	16
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.25	0.622	12	3.32	1.701	19
Name	Candy By-Product, High Protein			Canola Meal, Solvent Extracted			Canola Seed, Ground			Chocolate By-Product
Feed ID Code	NRC16F27			NRC16F28			NRC16F29			NRC16F30
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	88.9	2.25	162	89.1	1.15	3,293	95.0	1.35	141	94.3	1.97	37
Ash, % DM	5.6	1.07	157	7.9	0.53	2,967	4.5	1.45	19	2.6	0.85	11
CP, % DM	14.6	1.67	160	41.5	1.55	3,437	23.4	2.70	143	10.0	1.84	37
A fraction, % of CP^b	74			22			35			74
B fraction, % of CP^b	26			71			60			26
C fraction, % of CP^b	0			7			5			0
Kd of B, %/h^b	3.2			10.5			20.1			3.2
RUP, % CP^c	21			32			20			21
dRUP, % of RUP^d	90			74			50			90
Soluble protein, % CP	26.9	7.32	32	25.0	5.84	895	49.3	19.83	25	27.1	12.99	29
ADIP, % DM^e	2.76	1.231	17	2.50	0.789	478	2.79			1.01	0.497	9
NDIP, % DM^f	3.97	1.725	17	4.75	1.614	452	4.53			1.92	1.060	9
ADF, % DM	19.5	4.48	93	20.3	2.17	1,367	20.2	7.32	31	8.3	3.04	37
NDF, % DM	29.7	5.37	162	29.0	2.78	1,503	28.7	9.07	31	13.2	4.20	37
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g				49.4	7.48	14
Lignin, % DM	5.16	2.784	23	8.51	1.968	686	6.01	2.325	11	1.43	0.418	10
Starch, % DM	16.1	6.47	104	1.6	0.85	554	2.4	3.40	16	11.2	4.45	32
WSC, % DM^h				11.0	1.41	51				39.6	5.46	8
TFAs, % DM	11.11			2.51			39.46			20.68
Crude fat, % DM	12.11	2.697	163	3.51	0.856	3,389	40.46	3.990	142	21.68	3.457	36
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	3.31			3.14			4.31			4.05
Ca, % DM	0.32	0.306	35	0.79	0.116	1,211	0.44	0.098	22	0.15	0.079	32
P, % DM	0.49	0.177	35	1.15	0.107	1,212	0.69	0.098	22	0.28	0.094	32
Mg, % DM	0.30	0.102	35	0.62	0.058	1,185	0.33	0.055	23	0.12	0.035	31
K, % DM	1.22	0.423	35	1.36	0.136	1,185	0.85	0.151	23	0.51	0.162	32
Na, % DM	0.23	0.548	34	0.08	0.074	923	0.01	0.010	15	0.16	0.088	31
Cl, % DM	0.21	0.115	16	0.10	0.050	532	0.08	0.042	9	0.21	0.112	10
S, % DM	0.23	0.212	18	0.77	0.086	879	0.43	0.077	21	0.10	0.026	29
Cu, mg/kg DM	16.03	6.323	35	5.78	1.986	884	3.94	1.697	18	7.65	3.071	31
Fe, mg/kg DM	269	142.2	34	253	96.3	894	298	373.2	18	90	77.1	32
Mn, mg/kg DM	57	22.8	35	73	8.0	895	47	11.8	18	20	10.8	31
Zn, mg/kg DM	53	19.0	35	64	8.1	891	40	6.0	18	23	7.7	32
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.00	0.000	4	1.12	0.328	237	1.40	0.966	10	1.00	0.000	14
Name	Citrus Pulp, Dry			Citrus Pulp, Wet			Cool-Season Grass Hay, Mature			Cool-Season Grass Hay, Mid-Maturity
Feed ID Code	NRC16F31			NRC16F32			NRC16F33			NRC16F34
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	88.2	1.35	354	18.3	5.49	158	89.8	2.86	27,990	88.3	4.24	6,033
Ash, % DM	7.1	1.40	219	6.8	1.90	73	6.7	1.79	28,264	8.6	1.76	6,032
CP, % DM	7.2	1.11	508	8.7	1.56	159	9.2	2.49	28,463	13.3	2.22	6,035
A fraction, % of CP^b	42			42			30			30
B fraction, % of CP^b	53			53			56			56
C fraction, % of CP^b	5			5			14			14
Kd of B, %/h^b	7.4			7.4			5.5			5.5
RUP, % CP^c	30			30			42			42
dRUP, % of RUP^d	80			80			60			60
Soluble protein, % CP	40.3	10.95	236	56.7	8.68	91	29.3	6.30	24,383	30.5	8.20	4,974
ADIP, % DM^e	1.03	0.386	53	0.68			1.48	0.250	12,111	1.43	0.256	3,380
NDIP, % DM^f	1.78	0.692	51	1.20			3.79	0.974	12,118	4.85	1.292	3,389
ADF, % DM	20.1	3.31	464	23.2	3.86	158	41.4	3.51	28,385	35.5	2.68	6,050
NDF, % DM	24.1	2.90	506	25.9	4.16	159	66.7	4.29	28,429	58.0	4.08	6,049
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g	86.5						55.8	9.04	1,031	67.8	8.16	82
Lignin, % DM	2.49	1.369	107	3.61	3.055	38	5.97	1.238	28,462	4.17	0.786	6,052
Starch, % DM	1.3	1.28	175	0.9	0.95	65	2.0	0.90	27,342	2.2	0.98	5,956
WSC, % DM^h	23.0	7.44	147	11.5	9.23	46	10.8	4.39	15,366	15.2	3.99	2,618
TFAs, % DM	1.72			1.72			0.95	0.359	11,891	1.58	0.372	3,213
Crude fat, % DM	2.55	0.710	159	3.42	2.129	79	2.35	0.534	27,946	3.23	0.646	5,987
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	3.02			2.97			2.34			2.53
Ca, % DM	1.86	0.553	330	1.27	0.669	141	0.44	0.151	16,249	0.48	0.155	2,709
P, % DM	0.12	0.029	329	0.16	0.044	118	0.21	0.070	16,242	0.28	0.078	2,709
Mg, % DM	0.14	0.023	323	0.12	0.026	117	0.20	0.074	16,219	0.23	0.064	2,693
K, % DM	1.06	0.193	324	1.25	0.304	118	1.63	0.574	16,425	2.26	0.625	2,707
Na, % DM	0.06	0.039	317	0.05	0.074	115	0.06	0.095	6,824	0.10	0.132	1,560
Cl, % DM	0.11	0.048	92	0.12	0.060	34	0.58	0.412	12,555	0.78	0.483	1,705
S, % DM	0.10	0.036	169	0.11	0.026	98	0.15	0.057	12,997	0.20	0.049	1,717
Cu, mg/kg DM	6.85	2.504	314	5.48	2.132	116	8.33	3.473	11,150	9.21	3.115	2,601
Fe, mg/kg DM	108	106.7	313	153	183.9	115	196	163.5	11,060	217	167.3	2,577
Mn, mg/kg DM	10	4.8	314	12	8.2	116	93	63.0	11,070	86	47.8	2,583
Zn, mg/kg DM	13	5.8	308	11	4.2	118	26	9.3	11,036	27	8.2	2,580
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.37	1.469	23	1.07	0.267	14	1.53	0.982	4,464	1.69	1.100	1,211
Name	Cool-Season Grass Silage			Corn, Ear with Husk and Some Stalk, Ensiled, High Fiber			Corn, Ear with Husk and Some Stalk, Ensiled, Low Fiber			Corn and Cob Meal, Dry
Feed ID Code	NRC16F35			NRC16F53			NRC16F54			NRC16F36
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	38.8	13.09	19,740	58.0	7.11	8,618	64.8	6.61	6,211	86.3	3.36	448
Ash, % DM	8.1	1.85	19,391	2.1	0.35	8,593	1.7	0.22	6,203	1.9	0.45	421
CP, % DM	13.4	2.72	19,702	7.9	0.82	8,607	7.8	0.69	6,209	8.4	1.12	444
A fraction, % of CP^b	52			30			30			30
B fraction, % of CP^b	34			68			68			68
C fraction, % of CP^b	13			2			2			2
Kd of B, %/h^b	5.7			5.0			5.0			5.0
RUP, % CP^c	32			39			39			39
dRUP, % of RUP^d	60			61			61			61
Soluble protein, % CP	48.0	10.53	19,674	43.8	15.85	8,584	37.9	14.55	6,200	21.1	6.24	423
ADIP, % DM^e	1.60	0.333	6,946	0.61	0.173	4,863	0.60	0.149	3,169	0.67	0.120	173
NDIP, % DM^f	3.69	0.961	6,961	0.92	0.313	4,843	0.86	0.320	3,157	1.24	0.496	173
ADF, % DM	39.0	3.63	19,734	12.3	2.22	8,595	8.4	1.66	6,201	8.8	2.34	449
NDF, % DM	62.1	4.90	19,702	24.9	4.07	8,584	18.1	3.08	6,205	19.0	4.28	449
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g	63.6	5.71	790	46.8	11.98	893	50.6	15.62	182	30.5	4.95	2
Lignin, % DM	5.82	1.263	19,730	2.01	0.446	8,238	1.75	0.386	6,122	1.86	0.425	401
Starch, % DM	1.9	1.07	18,982	56.7	4.17	8,582	64.6	3.21	6,202	62.1	5.23	425
WSC, % DM^h	7.3	3.75	12,179	1.8	0.80	18	1.9	1.16	8	4.5	0.21	2
TFAs, % DM	1.84	0.406	6,511	2.89	0.488	3,712	3.11	0.398	2,713	3.26	0.536	166
Crude fat, % DM	3.63	0.742	19,140	3.37	0.456	8,283	3.56	0.425	6,131	3.69	0.726	405
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	2.44			3.26			3.36			3.35
Ca, % DM	0.55	0.174	12,844	0.07	0.029	4,751	0.04	0.017	3,404	0.05	0.031	267
P, % DM	0.31	0.061	12,850	0.26	0.032	4,780	0.28	0.032	3,407	0.29	0.062	269
Mg, % DM	0.21	0.052	12,809	0.12	0.019	4,774	0.11	0.013	3,405	0.12	0.031	272
K, % DM	2.29	0.615	12,860	0.52	0.104	4,767	0.45	0.047	3,409	0.46	0.071	271
Na, % DM	0.08	0.084	2,233	0.01	0.009	797	0.01	0.013	232	0.01	0.012	61
Cl, % DM	0.67	0.286	12,119	0.14	0.034	274	0.13	0.033	69	0.10	0.033	11
S, % DM	0.20	0.041	12,550	0.10	0.012	4,434	0.10	0.010	3,359	0.10	0.014	237
Cu, mg/kg DM	9.46	3.266	3,474	3.34	1.424	1,191	2.46	1.101	575	3.88	4.434	86
Fe, mg/kg DM	450	465.3	3,462	85	57.9	1,192	56	35.8	581	114	153.3	85
Mn, mg/kg DM	95	52.8	3,479	12	4.7	1,198	8	3.0	588	11	11.5	87
Zn, mg/kg DM	33	11.1	3,472	25	5.2	1,198	23	4.8	587	27	17.2	87
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.87	1.243	1,712	1.00	0.079	50	1.00	0.000	22	1.00	0.000	8
Name	Corn Cobs			Corn Germ			Corn Germ Meal			Corn Gluten Feed, Dry
Feed ID Code	NRC16F37			NRC16F38			NRC16F39			NRC16F40
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	89.8	8.06	143	90.2	2.04	107	90.2	1.17	191	89.2	1.77	1,615
Ash, % DM	2.8	1.00	97	5.9	1.55	106	3.7	0.78	128	7.5	1.75	1,353
CP, % DM	3.0	0.77	144	15.4	1.57	107	26.1	1.76	192	23.2	2.48	1,621
A fraction, % of CP^b	45			41			14			51
B fraction, % of CP^b	49			45			50			39
C fraction, % of CP^b	6			14			36			10
Kd of B, %/h^b	2.8			10.0			12.0			7.0
RUP, % CP^c	41			32			52			29
dRUP, % of RUP^d	60			73			73			79
Soluble protein, % CP	36.0	10.60	91	35.4	14.25	18	24.5	4.76	46	45.7	10.77	920
ADIP, % DM^e	0.35			0.78	0.612	27	4.15	1.051	3	4.44	3.256	407
NDIP, % DM^f	0.85			2.67	1.767	26	9.88	1.153	3	9.88	6.279	342
ADF, % DM	46.3	6.32	144	10.1	4.82	108	15.2	2.06	186	11.5	2.11	1,581
NDF, % DM	83.8	5.28	142	27.0	6.62	109	44.8	3.39	192	35.7	4.62	1,619
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g	65.0						74.0			74.1	12.12	93
Lignin, % DM	4.20	1.793	123	2.69	2.014	102	2.92	1.536	25	2.31	1.218	578
Starch, % DM	1.1	0.83	70	27.6	10.46	45	19.4	2.69	40	15.5	4.63	485
WSC, % DM^h	1.1	0.25	3				3.9	0.87	15	5.8	2.23	26
TFAs, % DM	0.35			16.89			2.11			3.38
Crude fat, % DM	0.62	0.292	73	17.89	3.417	107	3.11	1.516	190	3.91	1.112	1,305
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	2.41			3.63			3.12			3.21
Ca, % DM	0.04	0.032	92	0.03	0.029	37	0.04	0.027	135	0.07	0.045	1,338
P, % DM	0.06	0.019	93	1.17	0.381	38	0.83	0.147	137	1.07	0.203	1,431
Mg, % DM	0.04	0.010	92	0.43	0.159	38	0.25	0.073	137	0.43	0.080	1,230
K, % DM	0.96	0.355	93	1.22	0.453	38	0.46	0.124	134	1.47	0.312	1,232
Na, % DM	0.01	0.011	91	0.01	0.007	33	0.04	0.033	123	0.33	0.232	1,050
Cl, % DM	0.28	0.073	68	0.12	0.023	7	0.06	0.034	18	0.29	0.108	269
S, % DM	0.04	0.011	88	0.17	0.049	36	0.33	0.038	89	0.50	0.144	870
Cu, mg/kg DM	5.60	2.556	90	5.63	1.811	36	6.46	2.471	116	5.57	2.109	1,032
Fe, mg/kg DM	188	238.5	91	99	51.5	38	135	33.6	122	146	62.2	1,038
Mn, mg/kg DM	8	5.2	91	16	5.2	38	16	5.4	122	21	5.2	1,040
Zn, mg/kg DM	22	11.7	91	72	20.4	36	79	25.5	54	74	17.1	1,029
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.00	0.000	12	1.00	0.000	14	1.06	0.242	81	1.24	0.475	332
Name	Corn Gluten Feed, Wet			Corn Gluten Meal			Corn Grain Dry, Coarse Grind			Corn Grain Dry, Fine Grind
Feed ID Code	NRC16F41			NRC16F42			NRC16F1071			NRC16F1070
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	45.6	5.51	1,001	90.5	1.64	221	86.9	2.04	11,264	86.9	2.04	11,264
Ash, % DM	7.2	1.42	683	2.8	0.95	130	1.5	0.23	9,972	1.5	0.23	9,972
CP, % DM	23.1	2.64	1,001	68.5	3.52	220	8.5	0.83	11,326	8.5	0.83	11,326
A fraction, % of CP^b	51			8			23			23
B fraction, % of CP^b	39			72			70			70
C fraction, % of CP^b	10			20			7			7
Kd of B, %/h^b	7.0			2.5			5.4			5.4
RUP, % CP^c	25			69			43			43
dRUP, % of RUP^d	79			92			73			73
Soluble protein, % CP	57.0	8.92	473	7.5	3.03	124	22.1	5.79	11,087	22.1	5.79	11,087
ADIP, % DM^e	0.89	0.630	309	1.11	0.773	35	0.52	0.129	3,572	0.52	0.129	3,572
NDIP, % DM^f	2.04	0.800	284	1.96	1.449	51	0.91	0.292	3,583	0.91	0.292	3,583
ADF, % DM	12.1	1.91	918	3.7	2.02	205	3.6	0.72	11,282	3.6	0.72	11,282
NDF, % DM	36.9	4.80	1,006	6.8	3.58	221	9.8	1.50	11,326	9.8	1.50	11,326
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g	76.7	10.44	23	73.0			62.3	17.61	27	62.3	17.61	27
Lignin, % DM	1.89	1.178	391	1.79	1.241	65	1.37	1.972	7,195	1.37	1.972	7,195
Starch, % DM	15.3	4.70	530	16.4	4.19	56	70.4	2.59	11,331	70.4	2.59	11,331
WSC, % DM^h	4.0	0.86	91	1.6	0.77	18	2.9	0.84	201	2.9	0.84	201
TFAs, % DM	3.09	0.000	1	1.44			3.84	0.536	1,847	3.84	0.536	1,847
Crude fat, % DM	3.81	1.128	686	2.44	1.058	182	3.84	0.454	2,501	3.84	0.454	2,501
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	3.23			4.33			3.10			3.55
Ca, % DM	0.10	0.123	839	0.04	0.071	125	0.04	0.045	8,532	0.04	0.045	8,532
P, % DM	1.07	0.240	851	0.49	0.106	126	0.31	0.041	9,185	0.31	0.041	9,185
Mg, % DM	0.45	0.097	848	0.07	0.039	123	0.13	0.058	9,151	0.13	0.058	9,151
K, % DM	1.57	0.381	849	0.22	0.130	123	0.56	0.524	9,150	0.56	0.524	9,150
Na, % DM	0.20	0.142	742	0.05	0.039	110	0.02	0.027	1,321	0.02	0.027	1,321
Cl, % DM	0.25	0.102	212	0.08	0.030	80	0.10	0.043	828	0.10	0.043	828
S, % DM	0.50	0.088	685	0.97	0.113	100	0.10	0.015	5,343	0.10	0.015	5,343
Cu, mg/kg DM	6.54	2.592	694	5.23	3.534	100	2.07	0.951	1,264	2.07	0.951	1,264
Fe, mg/kg DM	179	91.0	697	122	66.8	112	39	18.3	1,274	39	18.3	1,274
Mn, mg/kg DM	23	9.4	700	6	3.5	112	7	3.5	1,347	7	3.5	1,347
Zn, mg/kg DM	77	16.8	681	29	10.9	112	23	6.6	1,357	23	6.6	1,357
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.30	0.474	173	1.13	0.341	31	0.91	0.040	122	0.91	0.040	122
Name	Corn Grain Dry, Medium Grind			Corn Grain High Moisture, Coarse Grind			Corn Grain High Moisture, Fine Grind			Corn Grain Screenings
Feed ID Code	NRC16F44			NRC16F1072			NRC16F45			NRC16F43
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	86.9	2.04	11,264	72.3	5.28	71,104	72.3	5.28	71,104	86.9	2.42	622
Ash, % DM	1.5	0.23	9,972	1.6	0.24	61,515	1.6	0.24	61,515	1.8	0.51	316
CP, % DM	8.5	0.83	11,326	8.5	0.81	71,052	8.5	0.81	71,052	8.6	0.94	623
A fraction, % of CP^b	23			28			28			23
B fraction, % of CP^b	70			71			71			70
C fraction, % of CP^b	7			1			1			7
Kd of B, %/h^b	5.4			5.1			5.1			5.4
RUP, % CP^c	43			39			39			43
dRUP, % of RUP^d	73			90			90			73
Soluble protein, % CP	22.1	5.79	11,087	33.1	11.78	70,804	33.1	11.78	70,804	25.0	6.20	603
ADIP, % DM^e	0.52	0.129	3,572	0.44	0.135	27,705	0.44	0.135	27,705	0.63	0.198	47
NDIP, % DM^f	0.91	0.292	3,583	0.77	0.304	27,925	0.77	0.304	27,925	1.02	0.331	47
ADF, % DM	3.6	0.72	11,282	3.5	0.75	70,657	3.5	0.75	70,657	4.4	1.66	610
NDF, % DM	9.8	1.50	11,326	9.6	1.65	70,894	9.6	1.65	70,894	11.7	2.59	620
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g	62.3	17.61	27	50.9	23.35	212	50.9	23.35	212
Lignin, % DM	1.37	1.972	7,195	1.21	0.684	42,520	1.21	0.684	42,520	1.46	0.582	52
Starch, % DM	70.4	2.59	11,331	70.9	2.40	71,054	70.9	2.40	71,054	65.6	3.93	601
WSC, % DM^h	2.9	0.84	201	3.0	0.71	540	3.0	0.71	540	2.8	0.59	14
TFAs, % DM	3.84	0.536	1,847	3.57	0.475	14,298	3.57	0.475	14,298	3.18	0.316	15
Crude fat, % DM	3.84	0.454	2,501	3.58	0.466	61,070	3.58	0.466	61,070	3.19	0.576	280
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	3.46			3.52			3.70			3.46
Ca, % DM	0.04	0.045	8,532	0.04	0.020	53,960	0.04	0.020	53,960	0.18	0.396	599
P, % DM	0.31	0.041	9,185	0.31	0.032	55,837	0.31	0.032	55,837	0.32	0.043	597
Mg, % DM	0.13	0.058	9,151	0.13	0.023	55,212	0.13	0.023	55,212	0.15	0.049	597
K, % DM	0.56	0.524	9,150	0.44	0.227	55,006	0.44	0.227	55,006	0.67	0.602	596
Na, % DM	0.02	0.027	1,321	0.02	0.019	2,354	0.02	0.019	2,354	0.02	0.032	68
Cl, % DM	0.10	0.043	828	0.12	0.050	1,228	0.12	0.050	1,228	0.09	0.056	20
S, % DM	0.10	0.015	5,343	0.11	0.011	28,478	0.11	0.011	28,478	0.11	0.020	36
Cu, mg/kg DM	2.07	0.951	1,264	1.60	0.784	3,131	1.60	0.784	3,131	3.21	1.675	66
Fe, mg/kg DM	39	18.3	1,274	38	16.1	3,687	38	16.1	3,687	165	145.9	67
Mn, mg/kg DM	7	3.5	1,347	6	1.8	3,843	6	1.8	3,843	12	7.1	66
Zn, mg/kg DM	23	6.6	1,357	23	4.6	3,864	23	4.6	3,864	30	10.5	66
Mo, mg/kg DM	0.91	0.040	122	1.00	0.000	104	1.00	0.000	104
Name	Corn Grain, Steam-Flaked			Corn Hominy			Corn Silage, Immature			Corn Silage, Mature
Feed ID Code	NRC16F46			NRC16F47			NRC16F49			NRC16F50
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	85.7	2.36	1,045	89.1	1.85	801	31.3	2.70	267,615	39.6	3.86	247,483
Ash, % DM	1.3	0.29	1,010	2.6	0.76	557	4.0	0.95	267,962	3.7	0.80	248,173
CP, % DM	8.0	0.65	1,050	10.1	1.62	803	7.9	0.97	267,961	7.5	0.85	248,152
A fraction, % of CP^b	2			45			58			49
B fraction, % of CP^b	83			49			24			28
C fraction, % of CP^b	16			6			16			24
Kd of B, %/h^b	3.0			7.0			4.0			3.0
RUP, % CP^c	69			30			33			44
dRUP, % of RUP^d	90			90			70			70
Soluble protein, % CP	13.9	5.30	564	28.3	8.00	423	52.7	11.63	267,910	51.3	12.31	248,144
ADIP, % DM^e	0.63			0.51	0.289	135	0.84	0.143	137,979	0.80	0.129	134,544
NDIP, % DM^f	1.28			1.07	0.530	132	1.26	0.301	138,093	1.19	0.265	134,562
ADF, % DM	3.4	0.72	588	5.7	1.97	735	25.5	3.05	267,953	23.2	2.83	248,237
NDF, % DM	8.6	1.34	591	16.9	5.22	802	42.6	4.45	267,954	39.3	4.14	248,167
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g	55.7	11.72	3	75.0	0.00	1	53.4	6.07	58,478	50.8	6.09	69,227
Lignin, % DM	1.26	0.330	454	1.59	0.824	249	3.15	0.569	268,063	2.97	0.528	248,304
Starch, % DM	71.7	2.81	578	55.6	9.30	488	30.2	6.09	267,777	35.5	5.18	248,239
WSC, % DM^h	1.8	0.58	79	4.8	1.42	51	2.9	1.16	43,910	3.1	1.19	24,875
TFAs, % DM	3.14			5.38	1.204	5	2.32	0.401	180,768	2.36	0.369	173,952
Crude fat, % DM	3.14	0.808	1,013	7.21	2.347	803	2.96	0.410	266,941	2.86	0.362	247,726
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	3.63			3.50			2.93			2.88
Ca, % DM	0.06	0.209	540	0.06	0.159	656	0.24	0.050	167,224	0.23	0.043	160,966
P, % DM	0.24	0.055	578	0.52	0.174	657	0.24	0.029	167,750	0.23	0.027	161,246
Mg, % DM	0.10	0.034	575	0.21	0.069	653	0.17	0.037	167,298	0.16	0.033	160,873
K, % DM	0.40	0.342	574	0.66	0.272	652	1.05	0.223	167,677	0.92	0.199	161,324
Na, % DM	0.00	0.005	161	0.02	0.046	503	0.02	0.019	15,933	0.03	0.018	12,118
Cl, % DM	0.08	0.021	102	0.10	0.031	112	0.27	0.121	52,977	0.24	0.103	31,767
S, % DM	0.09	0.011	449	0.12	0.032	414	0.11	0.014	167,040	0.10	0.013	160,877
Cu, mg/kg DM	2.08	0.758	168	3.79	1.956	518	6.34	1.872	31,379	5.91	1.504	25,261
Fe, mg/kg DM	32	17.6	169	77	56.7	516	166	95.6	31,311	146	85.2	25,086
Mn, mg/kg DM	5	1.7	170	12	5.5	516	30	11.9	31,295	28	10.5	25,230
Zn, mg/kg DM	17	3.9	169	40	12.9	514	28	7.7	31,343	26	6.8	25,243
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.00	0.000	32	1.00	0.000	205	1.11	0.317	2,881	1.11	0.313	1,186
Name	Corn Silage, Typical			Corn Stalks, Ensiled, High DM			Corn Stalks, Ensiled, Low DM			Cotton Gin Trash
Feed ID Code	NRC16F48			NRC16F52			NRC16F51			NRC16F55
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	35.4	5.38	535,422	85.0	6.53	1,877	41.2	13.01	1,695	90.3	3.08	528
Ash, % DM	3.8	0.91	535,923	9.0	4.32	1,108	10.5	5.03	1,310	14.5	6.95	237
CP, % DM	7.7	0.94	536,303	5.6	2.34	1,873	7.0	2.27	1,689	12.0	3.75	532
A fraction, % of CP^b	60			60			60			30
B fraction, % of CP^b	24			24			24			35
C fraction, % of CP^b	16			16			16			35
Kd of B, %/h^b	4.1			4.1			4.1			5.3
RUP, % CP^c	33			33			33			54
dRUP, % of RUP^d	70			70			70			50
Soluble protein, % CP	51.8	12.03	537,150	52.6	16.31	1,492	49.6	14.87	1,478	28.1	11.52	326
ADIP, % DM^e	0.82	0.141	288,591	1.33	0.359	121	1.56	0.385	197	3.19	1.734	66
NDIP, % DM^f	1.23	0.293	288,614	1.95	0.724	120	2.20	0.715	199	4.37	2.205	67
ADF, % DM	24.3	3.27	537,131	46.9	6.63	1,807	44.8	7.11	1,570	51.0	12.34	530
NDF, % DM	40.9	4.75	536,939	72.0	8.49	1,888	66.2	8.44	1,696	59.4	12.51	533
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g	52.0	6.25	130,789	56.2	8.74	296	52.8	11.02	117	21.3	14.50	3
Lignin, % DM	3.05	0.564	537,082	6.37	1.618	1,136	6.16	1.758	1,089	15.03	5.367	147
Starch, % DM	32.9	6.42	536,519	3.7	3.04	1,640	3.5	3.01	1,408	1.1	0.85	82
WSC, % DM^h	3.0	1.22	70,737	5.9	3.97	345	5.2	3.67	458	2.2	0.72	6
TFAs, % DM	2.35	0.394	370,294	0.48	0.308	441	0.72	0.419	530	3.14
Crude fat, % DM	2.92	0.390	535,609	1.21	0.580	1,019	1.84	0.714	1,182	4.01	2.270	182
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	2.93			2.16			2.19			1.67
Ca, % DM	0.24	0.048	336,426	0.39	0.215	1,729	0.48	0.555	1,371	1.69	0.975	433
P, % DM	0.23	0.029	337,092	0.14	0.073	1,736	0.19	0.069	1,412	0.24	0.104	430
Mg, % DM	0.17	0.036	335,977	0.22	0.081	1,730	0.23	0.072	1,392	0.32	0.113	427
K, % DM	0.99	0.222	337,045	1.10	0.429	1,721	1.35	0.510	1,393	1.96	0.634	431
Na, % DM	0.03	0.020	29,854	0.13	0.506	245	0.03	0.026	263	0.07	0.067	421
Cl, % DM	0.26	0.120	87,922	0.43	0.246	406	0.47	0.302	527	0.55	0.377	88
S, % DM	0.10	0.014	336,115	0.09	0.029	1,428	0.11	0.029	1,237	0.40	0.242	256
Cu, mg/kg DM	6.22	1.909	60,914	10.00	6.828	265	9.70	4.591	312	9.01	6.903	426
Fe, mg/kg DM	165	108.4	60,879	1182	1224.3	265	1303	1190.6	312	930	887.7	425
Mn, mg/kg DM	30	12.3	60,745	71	44.5	264	72	42.3	315	64	33.8	428
Zn, mg/kg DM	27	7.9	60,836	29	12.7	267	33	12.4	317	26	12.6	422
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.11	0.317	4,238	1.15	0.404	61	1.36	0.777	42	1.18	0.463	158
Name	Cottonseed Hulls			Cottonseed Meal			Cottonseed Whole, Linted			Distillers Grains and Solubles, Dried, High Fat
Feed ID Code	NRC16F57			NRC16F58			NRC16F56			NRC16F59
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	91.0	1.75	224	89.9	2.03	331	91.4	1.83	1148	89.1	1.74	5043
Ash, % DM	3.5	0.79	99	7.6	0.96	267	4.2	0.58	955	5.4	0.60	5,042
CP, % DM	7.0	2.18	231	46.7	3.84	340	23.3	2.65	1,271	30.2	1.68	5,038
A fraction, % of CP^b	30			25			45			26
B fraction, % of CP^b	35			56			48			62
C fraction, % of CP^b	35			19			7			12
Kd of B, %/h^b	5.3			7.2			14.8			5.0
RUP, % CP^c	54			44			23			47
dRUP, % of RUP^d	50			83			74			75
Soluble protein, % CP	20.7	12.08	115	14.5	4.00	259	26.6	9.59	650	15.7	3.69	4,689
ADIP, % DM^e	2.77	0.536	41	1.72	0.442	75	2.73	1.656	422	2.85	0.733	1,564
NDIP, % DM ^f	3.60	0.893	40	2.22	0.800	74	2.84	3.250	369	3.83	1.111	1447
ADF, % DM	66.0	4.81	228	19.2	4.01	330	38.6	4.32	1,124	14.6	1.62	4,989
NDF, % DM	80.9	6.13	222	28.1	5.89	341	50.6	4.24	1,269	32.1	2.73	5,047
IVNDFD48, % of NDF ^g	22.4	7.92	5				12.8	8.34	7	71.5	8.24	19
Lignin, % DM	19.93	2.710	78	7.01	2.078	211	11.21	2.577	670	4.17	0.936	3,915
Starch, % DM	1.2	1.16	64	1.1	0.76	104	0.8	0.87	348	4.5	1.60	3,897
WSC, % DM^h	2.1	1.35	15	8.5	1.75	33				4.6	2.01	227
TFAs, % DM	3.14			3.06			18.26			11.39	1.480	1,078
Crude fat, % DM	3.20	1.601	114	3.60	2.215	338	18.62	2.425	1,273	12.54	1.659	5,046
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	1.58			3.32			3.15			3.49
Ca, % DM	0.23	0.260	190	0.25	0.058	302	0.17	0.108	926	0.12	0.234	4,328
P, % DM	0.15	0.063	193	1.31	0.176	304	0.62	0.165	932	0.88	0.151	4,366
Mg, % DM	0.22	0.044	193	0.70	0.068	304	0.38	0.107	927	0.34	0.045	4,318
K, % DM	1.21	0.174	193	1.74	0.168	305	1.18	0.185	925	1.26	0.364	4,315
Na, % DM	0.02	0.023	190	0.17	0.099	283	0.02	0.065	858	0.21	0.111	2,376
Cl, % DM	0.07	0.046	47	0.08	0.023	127	0.08	0.071	326	0.19	0.047	1,585
S, % DM	0.10	0.046	118	0.48	0.066	236	0.24	0.081	634	0.67	0.156	4,070
Cu, mg/kg DM	5.18	2.600	191	12.48	4.190	282	7.56	3.385	854	4.15	2.417	2,397
Fe, mg/kg DM	83	119.2	192	208	172.2	276	72	42.1	853	94	29.1	2,414
Mn, mg/kg DM	26	11.4	189	23	3.6	279	17	5.1	859	18	9.0	2,428
Zn, mg/kg DM	19	11.1	190	66	10.5	271	36	7.5	854	64	10.0	2,395
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.00	0.000	23	1.76	0.862	126	1.13	0.331	201	1.11	0.308	1,103
Name	Distillers Grains and Solubles, Dried, High Protein			Distillers Grains and Solubles, Dried, Low Fat			Distillers Grains and Solubles, Modified Wet			Distillers Grains and Solubles, Wet
Feed ID Code	NRC16F60			NRC16F61			NRC16F62			NRC16F63
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	91.1	1.40	665	89.9	1.54	5,083	49.2	5.59	2,553	33.2	2.84	3,070
Ash, % DM	4.0	1.51	647	5.3	0.62	5,081	5.6	0.80	2,580	4.5	1.02	3,091
CP, % DM	39.0	2.84	671	31.0	1.74	5,075	30.3	2.27	2,579	31.5	2.76	3,084
A fraction, % of CP^b	26			26			26			26
B fraction, % of CP^b	62			62			62			62
C fraction, % of CP^b	12			12			12			12
Kd of B, %/h^b	5.0			5.0			5.0			5.0
RUP, % CP^c	47			47			44			42
dRUP, % of RUP^d	75			75			75			75
Soluble protein, % CP	16.6	5.16	205	20.1	3.60	2,521	21.9	4.33	1,998	16.4	4.93	1,673
ADIP, % DM^e	3.97	0.805	477	3.15	0.937	2,409	4.09	1.058	436	3.29	1.150	1,763
NDIP, % DM ^f	4.45	0.815	464	3.87	0.854	2,369	4.69	0.979	430	4.13	1.047	1,707
ADF, % DM	17.7	3.20	657	14.8	2.32	4,950	14.4	2.41	2,463	16.1	2.65	3,025
NDF, % DM	37.6	4.80	656	30.8	2.75	5,092	27.1	3.80	2,582	31.7	4.90	3,083
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g	62.7	8.33	3	47.2	19.97	11	52.8	10.57	3	25.5	5.46	2
Lignin, % DM	5.83	1.960	585	3.53	1.049	3,210	3.09	1.197	883	3.22	1.019	2,004
Starch, % DM	6.2	2.87	607	6.1	2.46	3,689	4.7	2.01	1,389	6.3	2.41	2,270
WSC, % DM^h	5.4	2.94	10	8.0	2.90	57	9.7	3.01	46	7.3	2.41	26
TFAs, % DM	6.56			7.90			8.35			8.31
Crude fat, % DM	7.56	2.001	664	8.90	1.555	5,107	9.35	1.716	2,586	9.31	2.001	3,095
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	3.34			3.44			3.50			3.50
Ca, % DM	0.08	0.052	631	0.11	0.229	4,837	0.21	0.365	2,466	0.13	0.219	2,800
P, % DM	0.64	0.278	622	0.89	0.156	4,885	0.86	0.236	2,471	0.76	0.193	2,826
Mg, % DM	0.23	0.105	612	0.34	0.052	4,840	0.35	0.074	2,461	0.28	0.077	2,818
K, % DM	0.75	0.320	617	1.21	0.291	4,829	1.45	0.592	2,469	1.10	0.487	2,819
Na, % DM	0.21	0.132	433	0.24	0.107	1,496	0.27	0.122	418	0.15	0.102	934
Cl, % DM	0.20	0.066	96	0.22	0.054	551	0.23	0.087	67	0.13	0.084	340
S, % DM	0.64	0.177	609	0.71	0.144	4,726	0.63	0.141	2,468	0.67	0.156	2,630
Cu, mg/kg DM	6.65	2.805	438	5.63	2.684	1,389	6.71	2.266	445	4.70	2.324	928
Fe, mg/kg DM	99	48.8	437	102	42.1	1,405	121	37.1	449	110	70.2	958
Mn, mg/kg DM	21	20.9	420	19	9.5	1,410	19	10.6	451	15	6.3	954
Zn, mg/kg DM	53	21.1	439	70	15.6	1,401	72	14.7	450	60	30.0	960
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.38	0.490	78	1.40	0.556	150
Name	Distillers Solubles			Fat, Canola Oil			Fat, Corn Oil			Fat, Cottonseed Oil
Feed ID Code	NRC16F64			NRC16F65			NRC16F66			NRC16F67
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	31.2	6.73	645	99.0			99.0			99.0
Ash, % DM	11.1	2.67	818
CP, % DM	22.6	4.25	1,248
A fraction, % of CP^b	26
B fraction, % of CP^b	62
C fraction, % of CP^b	12
Kd of B, %/h^b	5.0
RUP, % CP^c	25
dRUP, % of RUP^d	75
Soluble protein, % CP	69.9	11.77	235
ADIP, % DM^e	0.78	0.297	351
NDIP, % DM^f	1.21	0.465	349
ADF, % DM	3.2	1.79	471
NDF, % DM	4.8	2.25	666
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g
Lignin, % DM	0.57	0.441	373
Starch, % DM	4.0	1.78	560
WSC, % DM^h	28.7	0.01	2
TFAs, % DM	9.99			88.00			88.00			88.00
Crude fat, % DM	10.99	5.620	1,253	100.00			100.00			100.0
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	3.62			6.22			6.22			6.22
Ca, % DM	0.13	0.082	938
P, % DM	1.82	0.552	944
Mg, % DM	0.77	0.215	942
K, % DM	2.78	0.706	940
Na, % DM	0.65	0.310	637
Cl, % DM	0.50	0.136	300
S, % DM	1.15	0.454	1,045
Cu, mg/kg DM	9.26	17.620	638
Fe, mg/kg DM	148	64.4	651
Mn, mg/kg DM	32	7.9	651
Zn, mg/kg DM	108	32.0	653
Mo, mg/kg DM
Name	Fat, Flaxseed Oil			Fat, Lard			Fat, Safflower Oil			Fat, Soybean Oil
Feed ID Code	NRC16F69			NRC16F68			NRC16F70			NRC16F71
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	99.0			99.0			99.0			99.0
Ash, % DM
CP, % DM
A fraction, % of CP^b
B fraction, % of CP^b
C fraction, % of CP^b
Kd of B, %/h^b
RUP, % CP^c
dRUP, % of RUP^d
Soluble protein, % CP
ADIP, % DM^e
NDIP, % DM^f
ADF, % DM
NDF, % DM
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g
Lignin, % DM
Starch, % DM
WSC, % DM^h
TFAs, % DM	88.00			88.00			88.00			88.00
Crude fat, % DM	100.00			100.00			100.00			100.0
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	6.22			5.80			6.22			6.22
Ca, % DM
P, % DM
Mg, % DM
K, % DM
Na, % DM
Cl, % DM
S, % DM
Cu, mg/kg DM
Fe, mg/kg DM
Mn, mg/kg DM
Zn, mg/kg DM
Mo, mg/kg DM
Name	Fat, Sunflower Oil			Fat, Tallow			Feather Meal			Fish Meal
Feed ID Code	NRC16F72			NRC16F73			NRC16F74			NRC16F75
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	99.0			99.8			92.9	2.20	1,435	92.0	1.88	192
Ash, % DM							2.3	0.69	362	21.1	3.28	173
CP, % DM							90.6	3.75	1,433	69.2	4.25	189
A fraction, % of CP^b							24			36
B fraction, % of CP^b							30			38
C fraction, % of CP^b							45			26
Kd of B, %/h^b							0.8			1.9
RUP, % CP^c							72			76
dRUP, % of RUP^d							68			76
Soluble protein, % CP							9.9	7.01	106	22.4	8.17	72
ADIP, % DM^e							9.28	3.246	4	1.04	0.537	2
NDIP, % DM ^f							12.70	2.133	4	4.05	2.192	2
ADF, % DM							0.0
NDF, % DM							0.0
IVNDFD48, % of NDF ^g
Lignin, % DM							0.00
Starch, % DM							0.0
WSC, % DM^h							0.0
TFAs, % DM	88.00			88.00			7.85			6.44
Crude fat, % DM	100.00			99.80			8.92	2.742	506	10.48	1.869	191
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	6.22			5.80			4.12			3.63
Ca, % DM							0.50	0.219	114	5.56	1.665	98
P, % DM							0.32	0.119	115	3.16	0.795	99
Mg, % DM							0.04	0.018	92	0.24	0.078	67
K, % DM							0.18	0.129	93	0.93	0.286	69
Na, % DM							0.16	0.087	95	0.82	0.483	72
Cl, % DM							0.23	0.104	87	1.06	0.536	32
S, % DM							1.78	0.426	99	0.88	0.152	72
Cu, mg/kg DM							9.12	4.831	92	6.02	6.167	64
Fe, mg/kg DM							347	224.1	93	804	612.8	66
Mn, mg/kg DM							12	25.7	93	44	31.7	65
Zn, mg/kg DM							87	15.5	82	92	16.3	34
Mo, mg/kg DM							1.00	0.000	28	1.48	0.802	27
Name	Flaxseed			Flaxseed Meal			Fruit and Vegetable By-Product, Wet			Glycerol
Feed ID Code	NRC16F96			NRC16F97			NRC16F77			NRC16F1075
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	92.7	1.68	175	89.6	1.37	150	19.8	11.77	1,142	80.0
Ash, % DM	4.0	1.02	58	6.8	0.93	112	8.4	3.86	1,093	6.7
CP, % DM	22.8	2.14	182	38.5	3.03	162	13.6	5.20	1140	0.8
A fraction, % of CP^b	18			18			42			100
B fraction, % of CP^b	67			67			53			0
C fraction, % of CP^b	15			15			5			0
Kd of B, %/h^b	5.4			5.4			7.4			0.0
RUP, % CP^c	49			49			30			0
dRUP, % of RUP^d	84			84			80			100
Soluble protein, % CP	43.1	10.30	46	39.0	10.22	70	41.0	19.51	948	100.0
ADIP, % DM^e	0.98	0.388	7	1.71	0.469	37	1.18	0.882	442	0.00
NDIP, % DM^f	3.55	0.889	6	4.35	1.512	33	1.71	1.225	440	0.00
ADF, % DM	19.1	5.94	126	16.9	2.85	100	22.4	13.34	1096	0.0
NDF, % DM	30.4	7.54	131	30.4	6.11	112	28.7	15.01	1143	0.0
IVNDFD48, % of NDF ^g	57.0	12.73	2	49.0	0.00	1	89.0			0.0
Lignin, % DM	6.42	2.735	22	6.23	1.723	69	4.65	5.484	545	0.00
Starch, % DM	2.4	2.12	46	2.1	1.69	45	10.1	10.15	540	0.0
WSC, % DM^h	3.9	0.73	15	5.9	0.84	14	31.2	21.96	22	1.4
TFAs, % DM	33.41			3.08			6.13			5.24
Crude fat, % DM	34.41	5.569	183	3.20	1.797	160	7.13	4.349	711	6.24
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	4.10			3.24			3.04			3.29
Ca, % DM	0.24	0.049	95	0.44	0.070	95	0.72	0.556	1071	0.08
P, % DM	0.59	0.088	97	0.95	0.085	96	0.34	0.130	1078	0.19
Mg, % DM	0.37	0.043	96	0.65	0.054	90	0.19	0.099	1082	0.07
K, % DM	0.79	0.101	95	1.30	0.103	90	2.01	1.039	1082	0.53
Na, % DM	0.04	0.018	93	0.13	0.056	81	0.23	0.224	1069	2.48
Cl, % DM	0.08	0.043	22	0.07	0.026	42	0.47	0.285	443	4.49
S, % DM	0.24	0.027	44	0.40	0.035	80	0.21	0.090	483	1.18
Cu, mg/kg DM	12.64	2.896	92	21.01	4.127	78	10.98	7.453	1065	5.08
Fe, mg/kg DM	98	64.8	91	312	224.4	78	621	704.5	1070
Mn, mg/kg DM	30	5.4	91	52	8.2	77	35	26.8	1069	22
Zn, mg/kg DM	45	8.0	90	75	9.7	77	35	46.7	1072	7
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.00	0.000	49	1.00	0.000	28	1.76	1.359	15
Name	Grain Screenings, Source Unknown			Grain Sorghum Hay			Grain Sorghum Silage, Mature			Grain Sorghum Silage, Mid-Maturity
Feed ID Code	NRC16F79			NRC16F80			NRC16F81			NRC16F82
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	89.2	2.83	117	92.6	1.60	1,124	31.3	4.32	2,218	29.8	4.71	3,744
Ash, % DM	6.0	2.16	118	7.0	1.66	1,124	5.9	1.61	2,223	8.1	3.02	3,752
CP, % DM	16.2	4.19	118	8.8	1.75	1,122	8.2	1.56	2,226	8.9	1.57	3,767
A fraction, % of CP^b	23			42			42			42
B fraction, % of CP^b	70			38			38			38
C fraction, % of CP^b	7			20			20			20
Kd of B, %/h^b	5.4			4.1			4.1			4.1
RUP, % CP^c	43			43			43			43
dRUP, % of RUP^d	73			70			70			70
Soluble protein, % CP	40.4	11.75	68	35.3	12.36	1,110	35.6	9.83	2,222	45.1	10.07	3,758
ADIP, % DM^e	0.92	0.346	48	0.82			9.30	1.574	543	9.22	1.837	2,585
NDIP, % DM^f	2.40	1.040	49	2.75			12.84	3.268	541	13.64	3.670	2,586
ADF, % DM	17.7	7.53	84	30.6	4.52	1,124	28.9	3.09	2,227	34.1	3.16	3,759
NDF, % DM	34.1	9.99	118	48.1	6.69	1,122	45.7	4.46	2,227	53.1	3.94	3,756
IVNDFD48, % of NDF ^g	35.9	0.00	1	57.5	6.11	724	56.2	6.83	1,248	55.3	5.98	392
Lignin, % DM	3.65	1.267	55	4.54	0.865	1,123	4.25	0.779	2,223	5.03	0.858	3,767
Starch, % DM	21.8	6.82	47	22.2	7.35	1,125	23.2	6.27	2,228	14.3	4.90	3,766
WSC, % DM^h				7.3	5.95	938	11.0	6.96	1,426	4.9	4.40	1,155
TFAs, % DM	2.91			1.36			1.93	0.312	404	1.56
Crude fat, % DM	3.91	2.171	98	2.39	0.590	1,120	2.52	0.537	2,221	2.75	0.468	3,750
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	3.03			2.64			2.73			2.52
Ca, % DM	0.26	0.235	82	0.28	0.085	1,117	0.28	0.082	1,705	0.37	0.110	1,443
P, % DM	0.66	0.334	84	0.22	0.054	1,120	0.22	0.039	1,706	0.23	0.045	1,446
Mg, % DM	0.30	0.162	83	0.22	0.063	1,120	0.20	0.047	1,705	0.24	0.057	1,441
K, % DM	1.05	0.324	84	1.24	0.338	1,125	1.27	0.268	1,710	1.55	0.360	1,446
Na, % DM	0.03	0.019	70	0.02	0.014	105	0.02	0.017	119	0.02	0.021	373
Cl, % DM	0.23	0.134	32	0.43	0.207	976	0.40	0.165	1,275	0.59	0.244	1,355
S, % DM	0.20	0.035	36	0.11	0.027	1,111	0.12	0.024	1,715	0.13	0.025	1,453
Cu, mg/kg DM	10.56	4.873	70	8.17	3.304	110	7.88	2.224	218	8.39	2.407	1,232
Fe, mg/kg DM	251	189.5	71	224	157.5	106	276	200.5	223	528	400.0	1,244
Mn, mg/kg DM	105	72.5	71	39	19.3	108	46	18.7	221	57	22.3	1,241
Zn, mg/kg DM	66	28.9	70	45	24.1	47	33	10.4	221	36	11.8	1,259
Mo, mg/kg DM				1.10	0.342	72	3.00	2.260	66	1.14	0.348	65
Name	Grass–Legume Mixtures, Mix Hay			Grass–Legume Mixtures, Mix Silage			Grass–Legume Mixtures, Predominantly Grass, Hay, Mature			Grass–Legume Mixtures, Predominantly Grass, Hay, Mid-Maturity
Feed ID Code	NRC16F89			NRC16F90			NRC16F85			NRC16F84
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	86.4	4.38	22,911	40.0	11.22	36,299	87.4	4.15	36,179	89.2	5.93	4,659
Ash, % DM	9.2	1.88	24,357	9.5	1.62	36,059	7.5	1.93	36,267	9.4	1.72	4,603
CP, % DM	12.1	3.18	24,462	17.7	2.60	36,189	10.9	2.94	36,440	15.6	2.89	4,650
A fraction, % of CP^b	41			61			41			41
B fraction, % of CP^b	49			30			49			49
C fraction, % of CP^b	10			9			10			10
Kd of B, %/h^b	13.0			10.6			13.0			13.0
RUP, % CP^c	26			22			26			26
dRUP, % of RUP^d	70			70			70			70
Soluble protein, % CP	27.0	8.68	24,076	50.7	9.92	36,287	29.7	8.65	34,815	34.2	6.80	4,108
ADIP, % DM^e	1.65	0.423	7,858	1.91	0.486	18,574	1.31	0.299	27,083	0.99	0.291	4,162
NDIP, % DM^f	4.12	1.261	7,807	3.70	0.915	18,611	3.57	1.120	27,147	1.33
ADF, % DM	39.3	4.85	24,461	34.8	3.93	36,228	40.0	4.22	36,367	33.8	2.90	4,650
NDF, % DM	58.2	5.67	24,461	51.2	4.94	36,240	62.0	4.82	36,398	54.7	4.18	4,654
IVNDFD48, % of NDF ^g	54.5	7.25	1,069	61.1	7.19	574	47.5	9.18	7,379	67.5	9.54	196
Lignin, % DM	6.70	1.521	24,478	5.90	1.423	36,252	6.08	1.511	36,460	4.28	0.969	4,657
Starch, % DM	2.7	2.26	9,892	2.1	1.03	35,763	2.5	1.08	29,258	1.5	1.13	4,557
WSC, % DM^h	10.1	2.87	2,301	8.1	3.64	17,445	10.9	4.11	8,772	12.6	3.88	4,510
TFAs, % DM	1.37	0.483	20,816	2.03	0.455	17,547	1.29	0.519	18,868	1.93
Crude fat, % DM	2.66	0.589	24,417	4.04	0.676	36,156	2.43	0.568	36,029	3.39	0.630	4,578
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	2.38			2.60			2.43			2.64
Ca, % DM	0.74	0.313	16,636	0.87	0.253	17,747	0.51	0.171	16,308	0.63	0.163	4,627
P, % DM	0.25	0.076	16,645	0.34	0.050	17,727	0.22	0.065	16,321	0.33	0.068	4,623
Mg, % DM	0.21	0.060	16,594	0.25	0.044	17,689	0.22	0.068	16,268	0.27	0.065	4,621
K, % DM	1.91	0.693	16,652	2.54	0.513	17,742	1.55	0.579	16,272	2.34	0.621	4,623
Na, % DM	0.04	0.052	2,646	0.06	0.064	2,036	0.07	0.089	4,947	0.08	0.100	1,179
Cl, % DM	0.43	0.285	4,368	0.59	0.281	17,526	0.48	0.324	10,263	0.65	0.378	4,189
S, % DM	0.02	0.016	16,305	0.23	0.035	17,673	0.14	0.051	15,134	0.22	0.046	4,205
Cu, mg/kg DM	9.98	4.645	3,782	10.73	2.820	4,949	8.75	3.274	8,762	0.52	0.406	34
Fe, mg/kg DM	309	423.9	3,755	451	396.4	4,936	261	240.6	8,724	10	4.6	1,215
Mn, mg/kg DM	65	43.6	3,770	72	35.2	4,928	89	57.8	8,733	295	342.7	1,205
Zn, mg/kg DM	28	13.7	3,767	32	7.7	4,926	27	9.2	8,728	83	49.2	1,195
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.91	1.217	587	1.79	1.006	1,755	1.54	0.915	2,226	29.65	10.458	1,182
Name	Grass–Legume Mixtures, Predominantly Grass, Silage			Grass–Legume Mixtures, Predominantly Legume, Hay, Immature			Grass–Legume Mixtures, Predominantly Legume, Hay, Mature			Grass–Legume Mixtures, Predominantly Legume, Silage
Feed ID Code	NRC16F83			NRC16F87			NRC16F86			NRC16F88
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	39.6	10.99	49,300	88.6	4.36	4,767	85.3	4.85	2,636	41.0	10.33	40,430
Ash, % DM	8.1	1.75	49,257	10.0	1.46	4,830	9.0	1.67	2,626	10.3	1.70	40,235
CP, % DM	14.3	2.65	49,294	20.3	2.58	4,860	17.4	2.78	2,636	20.0	2.06	40,423
A fraction, % of CP^b	41			44			34			52
B fraction, % of CP^b	49			49			51			39
C fraction, % of CP^b	10			7			15			9
Kd of B, %/h^b	13.0			15.1			9.5			8.2
RUP, % CP^c	26			22			34			27
dRUP, % of RUP^d	70			75			65			72
Soluble protein, % CP	49.2	10.51	49,238	37.2	6.50	4,625	32.0	6.40	2,622	53.6	9.55	40,425
ADIP, % DM^e	1.61	0.377	49,224	1.61	0.277	884	1.83	0.324	2,610	1.99	0.467	21,276
NDIP, % DM^f	3.51	0.885	49,216	4.25	0.902	887	4.38	1.113	2,621	3.54	0.861	21,276
ADF, % DM	37.0	3.90	49,299	32.9	3.68	4,877	38.7	2.89	2,636	33.9	3.43	40,396
NDF, % DM	57.7	4.62	49,300	43.9	4.80	4,877	51.2	2.85	2,636	45.9	3.82	40,424
IVNDFD48, % of NDF ^g	55.2	8.36	2,810	49.9	6.46	420	20.1		1	56.2	5.94	1,247
Lignin, % DM	5.62	1.240	49,299	6.92	1.103	4,866	8.27	0.988	2,634	6.60	1.198	40,404
Starch, % DM	2.6	1.24	46,473	1.9	0.88	4,763	2.5	0.80	2,609	2.1	1.10	40,070
WSC, % DM^h				9.0	2.48	3,884				6.6	2.52	18,858
TFAs, % DM	1.98	0.431	43,787	1.78	0.307	891	1.23	0.296	2,476	1.99	0.419	20,669
Crude fat, % DM	3.75	0.611	49,224	2.63	0.506	4,812	2.27	0.407	2,623	3.81	0.663	40,370
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	2.55			2.64			2.40			2.61
Ca, % DM	0.55	0.187	3,177	1.28	0.255	3,960	1.24	0.332	52	1.26	0.251	19,239
P, % DM	0.30	0.071	3,181	0.30	0.058	3,961	0.27	0.086	52	0.35	0.046	19,212
Mg, % DM	0.23	0.066	3,162	0.30	0.063	3,952	0.28	0.072	52	0.27	0.040	19,144
K, % DM	2.40	0.759	3,179	2.24	0.529	3,967	2.52	0.748	52	2.77	0.461	19,225
Na, % DM	0.13	0.133	856	0.07	0.090	961	0.06	0.077	52	0.05	0.046	3,573
Cl, % DM	0.82	0.473	851	0.56	0.333	3,687	0.43	0.356	44	0.57	0.267	19,051
S, % DM	0.18	0.046	3,117	0.24	0.047	3,742	0.21	0.075	44	0.24	0.034	19,168
Cu, mg/kg DM	10.66	5.566	6,644	10.24	2.483	1,135	10.29	2.492	744	10.94	3.401	7,416
Fe, mg/kg DM	395	322.2	6,565	285	245.4	1,126	421	409.9	738	473	499.3	7,399
Mn, mg/kg DM	87	44.3	6,580	44	21.3	1,141	56	26.3	742	57	28.4	7,394
Zn, mg/kg DM	32	8.0	6,594	26	5.8	1,131	26	7.1	749	30	7.8	7,389
Mo, mg/kg DM	2.77	2.006	10	1.86	1.138	823	1.81	0.634	6	1.69	0.899	3,235
Name	Legume Hay, Immature			Legume Hay, Mature			Legume Hay, Mid-Maturity			Legume Silage, Immature
Feed ID Code	NRC16F91			NRC16F92			NRC16F93			NRC16F94
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	89.3	3.22	85,479	87.7	3.57	17,360	88.1	2.95	100,858	41.6	9.98	103,397
Ash, % DM	11.0	1.46	85,949	10.0	1.49	17,325	10.8	1.44	101,438	11.1	1.84	102,570
CP, % DM	21.5	1.97	86,336	18.1	1.93	17,414	20.7	2.37	102,002	22.1	1.93	103,311
A fraction, % of CP^b	43			39			45			62
B fraction, % of CP^b	51			49			45			29
C fraction, % of CP^b	7			12			9			9
Kd of B, %/h^b	17.8			14.0			17.8			13.1
RUP, % CP^c	21			27			22			21
dRUP, % of RUP^d	65			65			65			70
Soluble protein, % CP	41.1	8.55	85,771	37.9	6.13	17,213	34.6	6.97	100,429	55.2	10.05	102,955
ADIP, % DM^e	1.51	0.334	50,671	1.75	0.273	6,501	0.74	0.160	45,707	1.60	0.323	94,318
NDIP, % DM ^f	2.80	0.945	50,575	3.89	0.946	6,536	1.85	0.596	45,773	2.68	0.776	94,556
ADF, % DM	30.7	3.08	86,414	37.2	2.98	17,409	32.1	3.96	101,978	32.0	3.49	103,291
NDF, % DM	37.7	3.69	86,443	46.6	3.34	17,405	41.1	4.84	101,963	38.7	3.71	103,272
IVNDFD48, % of NDF ^g	51.4	8.48	6,645	43.4	5.07	677	52.4	9.10	49,252	53.3	7.94	26,119
Lignin, % DM	6.59	0.776	86,373	8.12	0.812	17,417	6.64	1.148	101,932	6.55	1.016	103,223
Starch, % DM	2.3	0.70	65,803	2.3	0.98	11,948	1.5	0.85	25,588	1.9	0.83	70,071
WSC, % DM^h	9.8	1.87	20,423	9.8	1.87	5,609	9.0	1.84	26,447	7.3	2.59	1,475
TFAs, % DM	1.54	0.360	56,590	1.21	0.344	10,725	1.50	0.466	27,726	1.98	0.414	74,017
Crude fat, % DM	2.55	0.439	85,735	2.25	0.428	17,271	2.08	0.313	101,238	3.22	0.463	102,857
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	2.68			2.46			2.63			2.70
Ca, % DM	1.51	0.225	41,783	1.37	0.232	10,915	1.40	0.255	101,582	1.30	0.174	34,542
P, % DM	0.29	0.047	42,028	0.28	0.049	10,980	0.28	0.050	101,747	0.35	0.047	34,742
Mg, % DM	0.32	0.062	41,874	0.29	0.053	10,968	0.32	0.063	101,407	0.33	0.051	34,596
K, % DM	2.49	0.555	42,018	2.34	0.479	10,920	2.39	0.630	101,742	2.79	0.598	34,760
Na, % DM	0.20	0.137	6,313	0.11	0.109	1,163	0.21	0.141	13,990	0.16	0.129	4,890
Cl, % DM	0.76	0.325	23,579	0.66	0.295	5,707	0.76	0.324	35,929	0.80	0.364	6,058
S, % DM	0.19	0.041	41,508	0.12	0.029	10,787	0.18	0.050	101,242	0.22	0.033	34,406
Cu, mg/kg DM	10.23	4.756	19,685	9.71	2.972	3,028	9.69	2.615	6,646	11.44	2.761	20,771
Fe, mg/kg DM	430	333.9	19,685	380	340.9	2,998	421	316.4	6,612	685	583.9	20,686
Mn, mg/kg DM	43	14.4	19,591	44	18.2	3,007	38	13.3	6,636	62	27.1	20,650
Zn, mg/kg DM	26	8.5	19,672	24	6.1	3,011	26	12.7	6,645	30	6.9	20,768
Mo, mg/kg DM	2.75	1.839	2,045	2.23	1.744	637	2.53	1.710	2,948	3.51	2.376	216
Name	Legume Silage, Mid-Maturity			Meat and Bone Meal, Porcine			Millet Hay			Millet Silage
Feed ID Code	NRC16F95			NRC16F98			NRC16F99			NRC16F100
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	42.9	11.35	99,804	96.1	1.05	376	87.5	3.26	862	29.3	11.07	518
Ash, % DM	10.6	1.73	98,949	26.2	3.24	314	11.2	2.19	429	11.7	3.07	448
CP, % DM	20.5	2.19	99,680	56.6	3.19	411	10.7	3.73	876	13.0	3.75	521
A fraction, % of CP^b	52			32			28			38
B fraction, % of CP^b	39			42			53			29
C fraction, % of CP^b	9			26			19			33
Kd of B, %/h^b	8.2			8.8			5.0			3.7
RUP, % CP^c	27			44			47			52
dRUP, % of RUP^d	70			61			60			55
Soluble protein, % CP	49.3	9.95	99,506	14.9	3.85	113	34.7	11.87	865	47.0	10.38	518
ADIP, % DM^e	1.25	0.254	47,887	2.84	0.803	30	0.91			1.13
NDIP, % DM^f	2.24	0.647	47,958	11.83	2.344	10	3.49			3.36
ADF, % DM	33.7	3.27	99,624				39.7	4.86	872	39.2	4.87	521
NDF, % DM	43.2	3.94	99,573				61.9	5.58	873	59.7	5.90	522
IVNDFD48, % of NDF ^g	49.4	7.18	48,021				64.0	7.31	138	61.2	6.98	61
Lignin, % DM	7.42	1.283	99,678				5.64	1.629	445	5.48	1.680	451
Starch, % DM	2.0	1.09	19,262				2.9	3.11	338	3.5	4.02	505
WSC, % DM^h	6.3	2.47	11,060				8.4	3.94	332	6.2	4.02	331
TFAs, % DM	2.32	0.577	46,724	7.45			1.09	0.375	122	1.47	0.225	5
Crude fat, % DM	2.87	0.486	99,133	11.90	1.621	315	1.95	0.673	445	2.79	0.789	452
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	2.59			3.25			2.25			2.25
Ca, % DM	1.25	0.175	90,914	9.29	2.297	373	0.54	0.265	864	0.55	0.224	519
P, % DM	0.35	0.044	91,354	4.59	0.991	372	0.28	0.070	868	0.33	0.083	520
Mg, % DM	0.30	0.043	90,871	0.28	0.111	220	0.31	0.097	865	0.34	0.110	518
K, % DM	2.82	0.510	91,218	0.91	0.563	223	2.71	0.769	868	2.88	0.928	521
Na, % DM	0.12	0.109	6,596	0.74	0.403	185	0.03	0.036	41	0.06	0.114	69
Cl, % DM	0.64	0.295	17,573	0.49	0.140	86	1.07	0.636	303	1.05	0.455	340
S, % DM	0.14	0.024	91,173	0.51	0.126	109	0.18	0.056	865	0.20	0.050	517
Cu, mg/kg DM	10.59	2.817	3,974	20.01	22.084	174	9.12	3.122	34	11.65	3.702	55
Fe, mg/kg DM	534	456.8	3,950	451	256.4	175	286	224.5	34	491	418.6	55
Mn, mg/kg DM	55	24.2	3,952	24	45.0	176	105	114.8	34	110	76.7	54
Zn, mg/kg DM	29	18.4	3,949	160	77.3	175	43	19.5	33	46	14.9	56
Mo, mg/kg DM	2.09	1.486	1,378				1.58	1.176	24	2.08	1.645	36
Name	Molasses			Oat Grain, Rolled			Oat Hay			Oat Hulls
Feed ID Code	NRC16F101			NRC16F102			NRC16F103			NRC16F104
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	65.4	14.17	13	89.3	2.14	911	89.5	2.65	14,004	91.4	1.85	69
Ash, % DM	16.0	4.87	10	3.2	0.57	717	7.4	2.09	12,910	5.8	1.31	32
CP, % DM	9.3	4.36	32	12.2	1.75	910	8.5	2.44	13,998	5.0	1.58	68
A fraction, % of CP^b	74			72			35			10
B fraction, % of CP^b	26			20			53			51
C fraction, % of CP^b	0			8			12			39
Kd of B, %/h^b	3.2			26.4			4.3			1.4
RUP, % CP^c	21			16			42			80
dRUP, % of RUP^d	100			72			70			62
Soluble protein, % CP	95.9	0.00	1	27.1	6.44	669	39.5	7.75	13,769	36.7	16.09	16
ADIP, % DM^e	0.00			0.77	0.377	107	1.03	0.284	1,444	0.67
NDIP, % DM^f	0.00			1.21	0.658	104	2.05	1.004	1,441	4.16
ADF, % DM	0.2	0.19	3	14.5	3.70	910	37.5	4.47	14,112	39.6	6.33	59
NDF, % DM	0.6	0.41	4	28.6	6.45	910	59.0	6.04	14,124	73.6	8.19	67
IVNDFD48, % of NDF ^g				35.9	14.72	7	56.0	6.55	2,598
Lignin, % DM	0.00			3.20	0.756	648	4.71	1.475	12,949	6.54	1.920	19
Starch, % DM	0.8	0.52	5	44.7	6.06	872	4.1	2.67	12,306	10.6	4.92	21
WSC, % DM^h	60.0	8.86	551	2.9	0.94	99	17.8	7.55	10,657	1.0
TFAs, % DM	0.00			4.80			1.45	0.575	1,625	1.82
Crude fat, % DM	0.61	0.428	30	5.68	1.424	709	2.36	0.581	12,862	1.94	0.827	31
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	3.07			3.27			2.51			2.23
Ca, % DM	0.73	0.653	17	0.13	0.172	805	0.32	0.163	12,804	0.16	0.230	46
P, % DM	0.26	0.276	17	0.38	0.082	812	0.21	0.055	12,881	0.15	0.065	46
Mg, % DM	0.28	0.235	17	0.14	0.031	790	0.14	0.046	12,837	0.11	0.055	46
K, % DM	4.49	1.708	17	0.56	0.323	798	1.70	0.592	12,897	0.56	0.218	46
Na, % DM	1.51	0.547	11	0.01	0.009	238	0.42	0.282	3,081	0.02	0.008	25
Cl, % DM	2.02	0.952	8	0.14	0.077	117	0.94	0.504	10,681	0.13	0.042	8
S, % DM	0.64	0.259	20	0.16	0.041	606	0.13	0.049	12,708	0.09	0.025	21
Cu, mg/kg DM	36.71	110.239	14	6.58	3.116	265	6.77	3.118	3,561	7.63	2.386	24
Fe, mg/kg DM	216	326.0	14	129	83.0	269	257	243.4	3,519	198	97.5	24
Mn, mg/kg DM	74	219.0	14	53	17.0	270	66	31.1	3,541	49	15.3	24
Zn, mg/kg DM	112	295.5	14	33	10.1	265	20	8.0	3,530	22	6.5	24
Mo, mg/kg DM				1.36	0.603	124	1.37	0.708	1,119	1.00	0.000	8
Name	Oat Silage, Immature			Oat Silage, Mid-Maturity			Pea Hay			Pea Silage
Feed ID Code	NRC16F105			NRC16F106			NRC16F107			NRC16F108
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	33.7	9.47	1,712	35.8	10.08	14,245	89.5	2.22	79	31.7	9.86	96
Ash, % DM	13.4	2.90	1,495	10.4	2.58	12,534	9.1	2.04	80	11.4	3.31	98
CP, % DM	18.5	2.72	1,715	12.9	2.89	14,251	15.9	3.29	80	17.0	3.80	99
A fraction, % of CP^b	46			45			45			52
B fraction, % of CP^b	31			31			46			39
C fraction, % of CP^b	24			24			9			9
Kd of B, %/h^b	5.4			5.4			17.8			8.2
RUP, % CP^c	41			42			22			27
dRUP, % of RUP^d	65			65			65			72
Soluble protein, % CP	57.6	11.26	1,707	58.9	10.70	14,145	45.9	14.07	79	59.0	10.02	99
ADIP, % DM^e	1.09	0.320	904	1.21	0.283	4,102	1.48			2.23	0.630	4
NDIP, % DM^f	2.94	1.167	905	2.08	0.827	4,103	3.60			3.86	0.725	4
ADF, % DM	31.7	3.70	1,718	38.8	4.06	14,224	32.0	4.38	80	37.1	4.80	99
NDF, % DM	45.8	4.28	1,719	57.4	5.40	14,251	43.4	6.65	80	52.5	7.04	99
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g	59.3	9.27	136	54.1	6.34	878	58.5	0.71	2	57.7	8.66	6
Lignin, % DM	3.89	1.072	1,506	5.39	1.138	12,561	5.78	1.452	80	6.42	1.644	99
Starch, % DM	1.8	1.21	1,610	3.2	2.97	13,764	8.6	4.97	80	3.4	3.31	95
WSC, % DM^h	4.3	2.53	13	6.7	3.72	5,412	9.0	6.14	80	4.5	2.49	89
TFAs, % DM	2.24	0.380	853	1.77	0.413	3,358	1.69			1.68	0.440	4
Crude fat, % DM	4.23	0.593	1,494	3.64	0.631	12,564	2.98	1.153	80	3.80	0.777	98
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	2.58			2.41			2.66			2.46
Ca, % DM	0.72	0.254	820	0.51	0.212	10,360	1.04	0.257	80	0.88	0.296	92
P, % DM	0.40	0.051	818	0.34	0.058	10,381	0.28	0.069	80	0.34	0.059	95
Mg, % DM	0.25	0.065	813	0.20	0.051	10,353	0.27	0.075	79	0.24	0.070	94
K, % DM	3.18	0.531	816	2.68	0.671	10,395	2.05	0.599	79	2.86	0.815	95
Na, % DM	0.30	0.350	51	0.23	0.210	1,280	0.11	0.081	11	0.04	0.025	17
Cl, % DM	1.19	0.604	53	0.90	0.430	5,524	0.55	0.254	75	0.72	0.342	84
S, % DM	0.26	0.034	817	0.19	0.037	10,389	0.20	0.045	79	0.21	0.052	94
Cu, mg/kg DM	10.03	8.149	274	8.42	3.428	2,505	9.27	5.159	11	11.06	5.446	16
Fe, mg/kg DM	1031	737.6	272	611	578.0	2,478	1169	1213.3	11	1205	1032.2	16
Mn, mg/kg DM	115	50.2	275	70	39.7	2,497	45	21.3	11	56	33.8	16
Zn, mg/kg DM	34	8.5	271	30	9.1	2,504	32	19.2	10	35	17.9	16
Mo, mg/kg DM				1.47	0.744	591	2.20	2.683	5	1.57	0.756	14
Name	Peanut Hay			Peanut Hulls			Peanut Meal, Expellers			Peanut Skins
Feed ID Code	NRC16F109			NRC16F110			NRC16F111			NRC16F112
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	91.3	1.22	275	94.0	1.51	174	94.0	1.00	173	92.4	2.38	74
Ash, % DM	10.4	2.37	275	4.6	2.84	23	6.5	1.99	13	3.2	1.17	37
CP, % DM	12.0	3.39	275	8.9	1.16	175	42.6	5.52	172	16.2	4.75	74
A fraction, % of CP^b	45			27			62			27
B fraction, % of CP^b	45			69			36			70
C fraction, % of CP^b	9			4			2			4
Kd of B, %/h^b	17.8			6.4			16.1			6.0
RUP, % CP^c	22			37			15			39
dRUP, % of RUP^d	65			38			94			38
Soluble protein, % CP	35.7	8.77	249	21.3	8.10	122	37.7	12.49	10	20.9	14.15	50
ADIP, % DM^e	1.74			2.63			1.95			2.87	0.654	8
NDIP, % DM^f	3.74			5.42			5.63			4.01	1.417	8
ADF, % DM	37.9	5.72	274	59.8	4.74	173	15.9	8.78	9	36.5	17.09	73
NDF, % DM	45.8	6.34	274	69.6	3.93	174	22.9	8.99	9	47.4	16.49	74
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g	40.1	6.98	14
Lignin, % DM	8.48	2.031	263	24.25	3.181	16	5.39	4.404	10	17.85	10.914	21
Starch, % DM	4.0	2.84	252	1.3	0.89	13	6.4	2.75	8	3.2	3.18	6
WSC, % DM^h	10.3	2.84	244	3.5	2.44	6				11.9
TFAs, % DM	1.31			3.21			7.31			18.61
Crude fat, % DM	2.30	1.070	258	4.21	1.468	135	8.46	1.744	173	19.61	9.706	51
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	2.37			1.57			3.73			2.74
Ca, % DM	1.34	0.309	272	0.26	0.107	152	0.35	0.419	14	0.30	0.080	67
P, % DM	0.17	0.060	270	0.09	0.025	153	0.57	0.214	14	0.16	0.069	67
Mg, % DM	0.48	0.210	270	0.12	0.062	151	0.41	0.232	14	0.18	0.059	67
K, % DM	1.68	0.479	271	0.64	0.159	153	1.19	0.151	14	0.58	0.129	67
Na, % DM	0.04	0.069	103	0.02	0.021	141	0.07	0.120	14	0.03	0.102	64
Cl, % DM	0.63	0.334	236	0.12	0.080	5	0.26	0.279	8	0.05	0.057	11
S, % DM	0.15	0.042	249	0.09	0.019	127	0.30	0.072	11	0.15	0.029	39
Cu, mg/kg DM	9.91	5.349	122	12.52	3.437	152	13.21	4.644	14	40.75	22.153	67
Fe, mg/kg DM	578	597.2	120	647	307.4	151	622	597.6	14	293	282.5	67
Mn, mg/kg DM	69	37.7	122	51	12.0	153	34	14.0	14	27	14.3	67
Zn, mg/kg DM	29	12.2	121	16	4.9	153	48	17.3	14	32	10.8	67
Mo, mg/kg DM	2.43	3.857	68	1.29	0.572	35	5.30	1.418	10	1.83	1.337	12
Name	Peanuts			Peas			Pineapple Cannery Waste			Potato By-Product Meal
Feed ID Code	NRC16F113			NRC16F114			NRC16F115			NRC16F116
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	94.1	2.44	38	88.9	1.70	226	23.4	8.09	39	23.0	7.72	234
Ash, % DM	3.0	0.43	9	3.6	1.01	65	6.1	2.19	37	5.6	2.86	232
CP, % DM	25.6	3.95	38	24.3	2.31	232	7.0	1.68	58	10.0	3.25	238
A fraction, % of CP^b	26			57			42			5
B fraction, % of CP^b	73			42			53			90
C fraction, % of CP^b	0			1			5			5
Kd of B, %/h^b	9.3			16.0			7.4			2.0
RUP, % CP^c	29			15			30			57
dRUP, % of RUP^d	90			89			80			80
Soluble protein, % CP	35.1	24.14	16	75.1	8.03	76	45.5	12.78	51	39.1	20.62	104
ADIP, % DM^e	1.17			1.02			0.93			0.94	0.551	79
NDIP, % DM^f	3.38			3.65			1.66			1.63	1.080	79
ADF, % DM	17.3	12.49	37	7.9	2.57	209	36.4	5.47	58	10.7	6.90	196
NDF, % DM	24.0	13.92	38	12.2	3.68	231	62.4	7.37	58	14.4	9.88	232
IVNDFD48, % of NDF ^g				71.6	19.19	5	65.0	0.00	1
Lignin, % DM	5.85	5.479	8	0.95	0.531	32	6.24	4.349	36	3.00	2.505	112
Starch, % DM	2.8	0.92	9	43.0	5.74	65	3.4	7.34	32	57.5	15.33	172
WSC, % DM^h				8.3	1.19	12	8.2	7.41	19	7.1	0.00	1
TFAs, % DM	41.24			1.14			0.94			1.78
Crude fat, % DM	42.24	8.079	23	2.08	1.426	97	1.94	0.845	37	2.78	2.818	237
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	4.60			3.67			2.42			3.16
Ca, % DM	0.09	0.059	24	0.11	0.059	143	0.43	0.286	55	0.17	0.139	175
P, % DM	0.38	0.071	24	0.43	0.091	147	0.15	0.046	55	0.25	0.065	194
Mg, % DM	0.20	0.035	24	0.14	0.028	148	0.14	0.101	55	0.11	0.048	197
K, % DM	0.68	0.082	24	1.10	0.203	148	1.56	0.648	53	1.39	0.787	205
Na, % DM	0.40	1.193	25	0.01	0.006	129	0.02	0.044	52	0.12	0.147	176
Cl, % DM	0.41	0.523	2	0.12	0.027	21	0.53	0.239	29	0.29	0.218	71
S, % DM	0.20	0.029	18	0.19	0.029	78	0.14	0.048	51	0.15	0.056	86
Cu, mg/kg DM	6.91	1.505	23	8.47	1.717	131	9.84	3.537	55	6.93	2.842	165
Fe, mg/kg DM	75	66.4	23	119	118.6	129	799	844.4	54	348	249.9	152
Mn, mg/kg DM	21	7.6	24	17	8.9	129	123	85.0	55	17	8.7	158
Zn, mg/kg DM	33	8.2	24	38	8.0	131	19	10.7	53	22	8.8	166
Mo, mg/kg DM	2.70	2.179	20	3.31	2.828	120	1.00	0.000	16
Name	Poultry By-Product Meal			Rice, Grain			Rice Bran			Rice Bran, Defatted
Feed ID Code	NRC16F117			NRC16F123			NRC16F118			NRC16F119
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	95.5	2.63	266	87.9	1.43	77	92.4	1.70	338	89.5	1.75	44
Ash, % DM	14.2	3.21	266	1.8	1.62	66	10.0	2.76	194	12.3	4.57	31
CP, % DM	65.6	13.49	265	8.1	1.08	76	14.8	1.55	344	18.5	2.40	42
A fraction, % of CP^b	5			31			31			31
B fraction, % of CP^b	91			54			45			45
C fraction, % of CP^b	5			15			24			24
Kd of B, %/h^b	2.0			19.1			3.4			3.4
RUP, % CP^c	71			29			53			53
dRUP, % of RUP^d	90			88			85			85
Soluble protein, % CP	28.2	8.39	53	17.9	8.57	73	30.5	13.03	105	18.2	6.80	27
ADIP, % DM^e	3.89		1	0.41			0.78	0.698	6	1.08
NDIP, % DM^f	30.34			1.12			2.18	1.139	3	3.54
ADF, % DM				4.6	4.74	76	13.8	4.69	330	12.7	2.93	44
NDF, % DM	0.0	0.00	0.00	6.4	5.69	76	23.1	6.12	338	25.9	7.30	44
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g							23.3	14.01	3
Lignin, % DM	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.55	1.403	70	4.94	1.785	111	4.46	1.757	17
Starch, % DM	0.0	0.00	0.00	75.8	7.65	75	22.2	9.13	155	21.5	12.60	19
WSC, % DM^h	0.0	0.00	0.00	1.4	1.38	16	8.0	2.81	83	9.7	3.65	6
TFAs, % DM	11.78			1.24			12.00			2.16
Crude fat, % DM	12.78	3.166	266	2.00	1.060	68	18.50	4.260	345	3.16	1.334	44
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	4.25			3.48			3.22			2.85
Ca, % DM	4.31	1.432	263	0.02	0.022	71	0.78	1.105	237	0.83	0.885	33
P, % DM	2.48	0.812	263	0.26	0.116	72	1.77	0.431	240	2.48	0.875	31
Mg, % DM	0.16	0.019	71	0.10	0.050	72	0.78	0.192	230	1.08	0.340	31
K, % DM	0.89	0.147	72	0.25	0.118	72	1.40	0.347	230	1.81	0.514	31
Na, % DM	0.38	0.054	72	0.01	0.005	71	0.02	0.041	219	0.02	0.007	33
Cl, % DM	0.55	0.131	5	0.07	0.039	59	0.13	0.130	44	0.08	0.032	12
S, % DM	0.74	0.058	52	0.10	0.015	71	0.17	0.022	125	0.20	0.043	27
Cu, mg/kg DM	14.14	9.257	72	3.96	3.505	67	8.64	5.783	221	5.67	3.585	33
Fe, mg/kg DM	233	84.3	71	83	181.2	70	216	194.9	223	178	91.5	33
Mn, mg/kg DM	45	22.3	71	37	28.6	73	183	62.5	226	232	90.8	33
Zn, mg/kg DM	122	36.4	46	21	5.7	72	61	13.5	202	76	20.7	32
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.20	0.401	46	1.00	0.000	40	1.14	0.347	158	1.28	0.455	29
Name	Rice Hulls			Rice Silage, Headed			Rice Silage, Vegetative			Rumen-Protected Lysine
Feed ID Code	NRC16F120			NRC16F121			NRC16F122			NRC16F1002
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	91.0	2.59	17	41.1	8.61	59	42.9	17.30	78	98.0
Ash, % DM	17.4	4.18	16	12.5	2.86	59	16.2	4.28	78
CP, % DM	3.7	1.78	24	7.1	1.06	59	8.3	2.16	78	75.0
A fraction, % of CP^b	27			62			62			25
B fraction, % of CP^b	69			29			29			0
C fraction, % of CP^b	4			9			9			75
Kd of B, %/h^b	6.4			10.0			10.0
RUP, % CP^c	37			22			22			78
dRUP, % of RUP^d	38			72			72			98
Soluble protein, % CP	16.0	6.36	9	45.4	13.74	59	41.8	12.11	78
ADIP, % DM^e	6.47	1.458	2	0.69			0.80
NDIP, % DM^f	8.13	0.530	2	1.85			2.15
ADF, % DM	65.0	8.82	17	31.8	5.20	58	43.6	4.65	78
NDF, % DM	75.1	6.50	15	41.9	6.73	59	61.5	5.18	78
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g
Lignin, % DM	16.62	2.730	3	4.67	1.312	59	4.66	1.288	78
Starch, % DM	7.6	0.06	3	32.2	8.48	59	7.6	3.99	78
WSC, % DM^h							1.8	1.62	3
TFAs, % DM	0.27			1.62			1.47
Crude fat, % DM	1.27	0.638	10	2.86	0.605	58	2.59	0.661	78
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	1.17			2.49			2.18
Ca, % DM	0.24	0.466	25	0.21	0.063	59	0.27	0.078	77
P, % DM	0.12	0.157	25	0.23	0.043	59	0.25	0.063	77
Mg, % DM	0.09	0.126	25	0.14	0.023	58	0.17	0.039	77
K, % DM	0.44	0.360	25	1.17	0.323	58	1.91	0.396	77
Na, % DM	0.07	0.157	12	0.02	0.014	57	0.02	0.024	77
Cl, % DM	0.10	0.022	4	0.34	0.103	32	0.53	0.143	19
S, % DM	0.09	0.128	17	0.11	0.026	59	0.15	0.052	77
Cu, mg/kg DM	57.36	179.958	14	11.77	5.268	57	11.92	5.721	77
Fe, mg/kg DM	389	367.6	14	408	230.3	56	523	325.8	77
Mn, mg/kg DM	281	360.6	14	508	242.0	57	556	276.1	77
Zn, mg/kg DM	340	1160.7	14	36	8.0	58	39	10.7	78
Mo, mg/kg DM				1.46	0.836	46	1.81	0.973	72
Name	Rumen-Protected Methionine			Rye Annual Fresh, Immature			Rye Annual Fresh, Mid-Maturity			Rye Annual Hay, Immature
Feed ID Code	NRC16F1001			NRC16F124			NRC16F125			NRC16F126
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	98.0			15.8	3.27	240	19.5	3.41	64	90.0	1.76	2,416
Ash, % DM				10.9	1.02	240	9.7	0.97	64	11.1	1.62	2,413
CP, % DM	75.0			27.5	2.87	239	20.5	2.63	64	22.9	6.22	2,417
A fraction, % of CP^b	25			57			57			57
B fraction, % of CP^b	0			33			33			33
C fraction, % of CP^b	75			10			10			10
Kd of B, %/h^b				6.0			6.0			6.0
RUP, % CP^c	78			28			28			28
dRUP, % of RUP^d	98			65			65			65
Soluble protein, % CP				25.4	5.38	237	28.6	5.70	62	39.2	12.57	2,373
ADIP, % DM^e				1.42			1.06			1.69
NDIP, % DM ^f				6.84			5.09			5.69
ADF, % DM				24.8	2.60	240	28.2	2.20	64	27.2	5.07	2,417
NDF, % DM				42.9	4.04	240	49.1	3.63	64	47.0	6.35	2,415
IVNDFD48, % of NDF ^g				83.6	10.71	2				85.5	6.98	209
Lignin, % DM				3.14	0.810	239	3.70	0.628	64	3.44	1.190	2,409
Starch, % DM				4.9	1.37	4	4.9			2.0	1.47	2,398
WSC, % DM^h				5.8	0.70	2	7.7	0.06	2	12.8	5.26	2,075
TFAs, % DM				3.07	0.563	233	2.44	0.379	64	2.53
Crude fat, % DM				5.03	0.408	240	4.37	0.439	64	4.46	0.952	2,397
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ				2.94			2.78			2.80
Ca, % DM				0.48	0.173	240	0.51	0.169	64	0.59	0.176	2,404
P, % DM				0.49	0.051	239	0.39	0.040	63	0.40	0.082	2,403
Mg, % DM				0.29	0.039	239	0.27	0.044	64	0.26	0.074	2,401
K, % DM				3.17	0.494	240	2.64	0.396	64	3.17	0.702	2,407
Na, % DM										0.51	0.425	855
Cl, % DM										1.46	0.612	2,316
S, % DM				0.40	0.048	240	0.30	0.037	64	0.29	0.068	2,367
Cu, mg/kg DM										9.43	3.255	840
Fe, mg/kg DM										406	347.7	844
Mn, mg/kg DM										113	63.5	852
Zn, mg/kg DM										37	15.0	751
Mo, mg/kg DM										1.49	1.361	498
Name	Rye Annual Hay, Mature			Rye Annual Hay, Mid-Maturity			Rye Annual Silage, Immature			Rye Annual Silage, Mature
Feed ID Code	NRC16F127			NRC16F131			NRC16F128			NRC16F129
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	92.7	1.36	460	90.3	3.45	2,532	34.7	9.46	4,819	67.2	7.34	232
Ash, % DM	6.3	1.28	459	9.3	2.00	2,359	11.0	2.69	4,838	8.7	1.87	232
CP, % DM	7.6	2.30	459	12.0	4.26	2,533	16.4	2.91	4,833	8.3	2.22	232
A fraction, % of CP^b	57			57			57			57
B fraction, % of CP^b	33			33			33			33
C fraction, % of CP^b	10			10			10			10
Kd of B, %/h^b	6.0			5.9			5.9			5.9
RUP, % CP^c	28			28			29			29
dRUP, % of RUP^d	65			65			65			65
Soluble protein, % CP	36.0	6.92	427	41.0	11.29	2,451	65.7	14.16	4,840	46.8	9.13	231
ADIP, % DM^e	0.56			1.09	0.275	731	1.06	0.295	4,813	0.70
NDIP, % DM ^f	1.89			2.50	1.104	731	2.11	1.062	4,803	1.17
ADF, % DM	42.7	4.12	460	36.7	5.43	2,534	33.1	3.84	4837	42.9	3.39	232
NDF, % DM	66.8	5.33	460	57.3	7.59	2,532	50.5	4.80	4833	66.2	3.76	232
IVNDFD48, % of NDF ^g	45.9	8.72	33	59.8	13.10	64	34.0	0.00	1	66.3	4.44	29
Lignin, % DM	6.21	1.156	460	4.84	1.377	2,365	3.76	0.690	4828	5.71	0.933	232
Starch, % DM	2.0	1.58	449	2.2	1.56	2,189	1.7	1.06	4614	1.4	1.41	231
WSC, % DM^h	12.7	5.21	430	14.0	6.39	1,396				12.3	5.11	219
TFAs, % DM	1.01			1.47	0.626	699	1.95	0.372	4499	1.25
Crude fat, % DM	1.77	0.604	457	2.89	0.944	2,359	4.10	0.527	4,819	2.20	0.493	231
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	2.36			2.50			2.64			2.32
Ca, % DM	0.37	0.114	455	0.51	0.213	1,955	0.57	0.194	266	0.36	0.104	232
P, % DM	0.18	0.059	459	0.28	0.073	1,963	0.42	0.110	269	0.25	0.060	232
Mg, % DM	0.16	0.047	459	0.20	0.062	1,959	0.23	0.054	270	0.16	0.049	232
K, % DM	1.42	0.464	459	2.31	0.645	1,965	3.63	1.035	270	2.07	0.502	232
Na, % DM	0.13	0.151	151	0.26	0.237	557	0.16	0.161	266	0.07	0.091	123
Cl, % DM	0.69	0.380	403	1.09	0.521	1,526	1.14	0.706	255	0.85	0.299	222
S, % DM	0.13	0.040	429	0.17	0.058	1,899	0.25	0.062	258	0.15	0.037	231
Cu, mg/kg DM	5.67	2.427	153	8.14	3.309	951	10.39	3.841	1,610	6.68	2.766	110
Fe, mg/kg DM	175	141.8	150	365	343.3	946	709	723.1	1,614	396	454.6	110
Mn, mg/kg DM	115	65.0	151	90	52.6	950	72	34.4	1,611	89	60.8	110
Zn, mg/kg DM	25	12.6	150	30	11.5	943	36	10.3	1,611	27	9.4	110
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.24	0.468	59	1.42	0.729	238				1.59	1.276	79
Name	Rye Annual Silage, Mid-Maturity			Rye Grain			Safflower Meal			Sorghum Forage, Silage, Immature
Feed ID Code	NRC16F130			NRC16F132			NRC16F133			NRC16F135
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	34.9	10.48	11,836	86.0	2.41	27	94.0	3.00	47	29.2	6.53	1,474
Ash, % DM	10.3	2.14	11,821	2.6	0.44	10	4.9	0.70	33	10.7	2.39	1,479
CP, % DM	14.4	3.53	11,850	11.8	1.62	28	26.2	4.18	47	11.7	1.83	1,479
A fraction, % of CP^b	57			31			23			58
B fraction, % of CP^b	33			54			71			24
C fraction, % of CP^b	10			15			6			16
Kd of B, %/h^b	5.9			19.1			10.4			4.0
RUP, % CP^c	29			29			31			33
dRUP, % of RUP^d	65			88			75			70
Soluble protein, % CP	61.7	11.91	11,817	33.0	5.31	15	31.2	11.79	20	51.1	9.00	1,473
ADIP, % DM^e	1.23	0.317	2,956	0.55	0.118	6	1.52			8.26	1.611	525
NDIP, % DM ^f	2.05	0.827	2,968	1.50	0.243	6	2.10			20.15	5.668	520
ADF, % DM	38.3	4.91	11,835	5.4	1.43	24	40.1	3.98	35	36.4	2.92	1,480
NDF, % DM	58.0	6.67	11,848	16.0	3.53	26	55.4	4.36	35	56.7	3.40	1,478
IVNDFD48, % of NDF ^g	61.9	6.99	1,751				25.5	0.71	2	58.5	6.47	151
Lignin, % DM	4.93	1.249	11,845	1.55	0.740	6	13.79	1.774	13	4.92	0.918	1,477
Starch, % DM	1.5	1.17	11,387	57.6	6.06	23	1.2	0.88	10	8.1	1.70	1,476
WSC, % DM^h	8.8	4.60	5,327				5.1	1.07	5	4.3	3.42	880
TFAs, % DM	1.68	0.409	2,818	1.45			3.88			1.74	0.486	491
Crude fat, % DM	3.88	0.723	11,782	2.15	0.536	10	5.35	3.825	47	3.06	0.582	1,465
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	2.48			3.41			2.51			2.45
Ca, % DM	0.48	0.185	8,970	0.25	0.362	19	0.32	0.050	21	0.43	0.115	969
P, % DM	0.37	0.070	9,025	0.38	0.065	19	0.65	0.149	21	0.25	0.047	977
Mg, % DM	0.19	0.048	9,016	0.17	0.062	19	0.34	0.070	21	0.24	0.057	970
K, % DM	2.91	0.682	9,034	0.97	0.813	19	1.03	0.135	20	1.91	0.423	975
Na, % DM	0.15	0.187	1,562	0.01	0.005	2	0.03	0.034	20	0.03	0.029	135
Cl, % DM	0.92	0.417	5,460	0.05	0.000	1	0.23	0.043	4	0.70	0.270	912
S, % DM	0.21	0.048	9,009	0.14	0.000	1	0.25	0.044	9	0.15	0.027	981
Cu, mg/kg DM	9.53	3.743	2,366	5.00	1.732	3	21.67	4.004	21	11.83	3.687	265
Fe, mg/kg DM	493	411.6	2,363	52	8.5	3	240	100.3	20	891	612.7	265
Mn, mg/kg DM	75	42.0	2,371	40	14.6	3	29	6.9	20	67	28.8	267
Zn, mg/kg DM	34	11.3	2,385	38	5.3	3	66	21.2	18	44	14.8	266
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.57	0.964	922				1.00	0.000	14	1.70	0.864	87
Name	Sorghum Forage, Silage, Mature			Sorghum Grain, Ground			Sorghum Grain, Steam-Flaked			Sorghum Hay
Feed ID Code	NRC16F136			NRC16F137			NRC16F1073			NRC16F138
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	28.7	7.33	3,894	88.9	1.14	1,000	88.9	1.14	1000	91.4	1.45	2,034
Ash, % DM	9.9	2.77	3,910	2.5	0.34	882	2.5	0.34	882	8.5	2.68	2,041
CP, % DM	11.3	2.65	3,913	12.5	1.13	999	12.5	1.13	999	10.2	3.71	2,042
A fraction, % of CP^b	49			24			24			28
B fraction, % of CP^b	28			56			55			53
C fraction, % of CP^b	24			20			20			19
Kd of B, %/h^b	3.0			5.0			5.0			5.0
RUP, % CP^c	44			50			50			47
dRUP, % of RUP^d	70			69			69			60
Soluble protein, % CP	51.0	8.99	3,904	20.2	4.91	908	20.2	4.91	908	41.4	10.28	2,007
ADIP, % DM^e	8.31	1.710	1,428	0.83	0.406	19	0.83	0.406	19	0.95
NDIP, % DM ^f	16.17	4.374	1,432	1.60	0.456	21	1.60	0.456	21	3.18
ADF, % DM	39.2	3.50	3,905	3.9	1.06	956	3.9	1.06	956	38.8	5.00	2,041
NDF, % DM	61.6	4.27	3,911	6.1	1.90	956	6.1	1.90	956	63.0	5.93	2,036
IVNDFD48, % of NDF ^g	63.6	6.67	416							60.8	8.71	1,165
Lignin, % DM	5.15	1.125	3,895	1.09	0.364	868	1.09	0.364	868	5.00	1.465	2,034
Starch, % DM	2.7	1.94	3,899	72.6	2.35	994	72.6	2.35	994	3.2	2.54	2,033
WSC, % DM^h	5.3	3.38	2,180	2.2	0.50	17	2.2	0.50	17	10.3	5.26	1,894
TFAs, % DM	1.44	0.382	1,265	2.92			2.92			1.24
Crude fat, % DM	3.07	0.653	3,893	4.09	0.358	910	4.09	0.358	910	2.18	0.609	2,026
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	2.38			3.29			3.62			2.39
Ca, % DM	0.49	0.139	2,529	0.10	0.100	922	0.10	0.100	922	0.39	0.130	2,027
P, % DM	0.29	0.066	2,572	0.38	0.039	919	0.38	0.039	919	0.22	0.077	2,038
Mg, % DM	0.27	0.064	2,529	0.15	0.015	923	0.15	0.015	923	0.29	0.089	2,019
K, % DM	2.47	0.673	2,567	0.41	0.181	929	0.41	0.181	929	2.06	0.760	2,035
Na, % DM	0.02	0.031	452	0.03	0.093	101	0.03	0.093	101	0.04	0.061	210
Cl, % DM	0.83	0.353	2,257	0.17	0.264	57	0.17	0.264	57	0.94	0.382	1,898
S, % DM	0.17	0.039	2,569	0.12	0.009	861	0.12	0.009	861	0.14	0.056	2,007
Cu, mg/kg DM	9.88	3.399	857	8.74	16.495	100	8.74	16.495	100	8.63	4.360	222
Fe, mg/kg DM	516	434.4	857	71	39.3	100	71	39.3	100	381	414.1	221
Mn, mg/kg DM	60	28.3	860	27	28.0	100	27	28.0	100	44	26.4	216
Zn, mg/kg DM	38	12.1	869	23	5.2	88	23	5.2	88	37	19.0	205
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.44	0.721	236	1.09	0.282	47	1.09	0.282	47	1.18	0.425	119
Name	Sorghum Soybean Silage			Sorghum–Sudangrass Hay			Sorghum–Sudangrass Silage			Soybean Hay
Feed ID Code	NRC16F139			NRC16F142			NRC16F140			NRC16F143
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	32.3	11.35	34	90.5	3.72	1,991	31.7	9.44	7,137	91.6	2.65	390
Ash, % DM	9.2	1.92	34	10.0	2.78	2,026	10.9	3.07	7,165	9.0	1.88	389
CP, % DM	11.7	3.59	34	9.8	3.22	2,028	12.3	3.25	7,197	20.1	5.38	389
A fraction, % of CP^b	60			28			38			45
B fraction, % of CP^b	24			53			30			45
C fraction, % of CP^b	16			19			32			9
Kd of B, %/h^b	4.1			5.0			3.7			17.8
RUP, % CP^c	33			47			51			22
dRUP, % of RUP^d	70			60			55			65
Soluble protein, % CP	50.9	10.85	34	38.6	9.61	2,028	47.3	10.00	7,170	36.9	9.11	389
ADIP, % DM^e	1.14			1.05	0.327	41	1.15	0.226	2,940	1.97
NDIP, % DM ^f	2.63			2.57	0.686	41	1.90	0.562	1,506	3.62
ADF, % DM	35.2	5.04	34	39.3	5.38	2,032	38.9	3.88	7,194	31.3	5.04	388
NDF, % DM	54.4	8.41	34	61.0	6.68	2,033	59.5	5.16	7,187	40.3	7.37	389
IVNDFD48, % of NDF ^g	54.0	0.00	1	54.4	8.58	1,549	54.9	7.91	2,201	50.5	9.44	37
Lignin, % DM	5.80	1.410	34	4.94	1.407	2,033	5.25	1.254	7,187	7.23	1.305	390
Starch, % DM	9.9	8.05	34	3.7	3.02	1,919	2.8	2.83	7,077	5.7	2.94	388
WSC, % DM^h	4.2	3.47	33	10.4	4.18	947	5.6	3.39	1,785	7.8	3.14	376
TFAs, % DM	1.81			1.10	0.462	87	1.63	0.432	1,440	1.91
Crude fat, % DM	3.19	0.660	34	1.93	0.590	2,023	3.01	0.606	7,177	3.36	1.440	388
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	2.48			2.34			2.31			2.68
Ca, % DM	0.62	0.339	33	0.37	0.128	1,994	0.52	0.184	5,714	1.41	0.266	389
P, % DM	0.27	0.061	34	0.24	0.066	2,026	0.30	0.071	5,756	0.28	0.078	389
Mg, % DM	0.28	0.089	34	0.25	0.066	2,007	0.26	0.070	5,712	0.42	0.159	388
K, % DM	2.08	0.601	34	2.00	0.591	2,023	2.46	0.742	5,759	1.85	0.579	389
Na, % DM	0.03	0.035	9	0.03	0.027	87	0.06	0.063	759	0.01	0.011	182
Cl, % DM	0.78	0.357	31	0.98	0.410	724	0.81	0.378	2,031	0.40	0.225	385
S, % DM	0.16	0.053	34	0.14	0.047	2,025	0.16	0.043	5,757	0.24	0.056	388
Cu, mg/kg DM	12.00	3.937	9	9.39	2.621	60	11.42	4.194	769	8.76	1.694	181
Fe, mg/kg DM	584	608.0	9	359	282.1	60	899	886.6	771	419	744.2	178
Mn, mg/kg DM	40	13.8	9	62	31.6	60	77	43.1	773	71	29.0	178
Zn, mg/kg DM	34	10.6	9	39	13.7	59	39	12.6	779	36	17.9	165
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.00	0.000	7	1.45	0.856	51	1.60	0.881	218	1.67	1.282	87
Name	Soybean Hulls			Soybean Meal, Expellers			Soybean Meal, Extruded			Soybean Meal, Solvent Extracted, 48% CP
Feed ID Code	NRC16F144			NRC16F145			NRC16F146			NRC16F134
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	90.4	1.90	1,169	91.2	2.13	811	93.4	2.06	114	89.3	1.12	1,169
Ash, % DM	5.2	0.69	690	6.7	0.64	483	5.7	0.42	68	7.2	0.55	1,139
CP, % DM	11.9	1.43	1226	47.6	2.15	872	40.4	2.16	114	52.6	1.69	1,400
A fraction, % of CP^b	27			9			18			18
B fraction, % of CP^b	70			91			80			79
C fraction, % of CP^b	4			0			2			2
Kd of B, %/h^b	6.4			2.4			8.7			9.0
RUP, % CP^c	37			63			45			33
dRUP, % of RUP^d	68			93			91			91
Soluble protein, % CP	26.3	6.38	478	14.7	8.61	457	17.4	9.70	69	23.1	8.16	788
ADIP, % DM^e	1.15	0.245	94	0.91	0.520	144	1.40	1.185	16	0.63	0.216	146
NDIP, % DM ^f	3.65	0.569	90	3.61	2.348	146	2.12	2.086	16	1.00	0.580	144
ADF, % DM	47.9	3.07	996	10.1	2.09	744	10.6	2.67	90	7.2	1.58	1,119
NDF, % DM	66.7	3.63	1,046	19.6	4.20	793	18.4	3.47	88	11.1	3.07	1,220
IVNDFD48, % of NDF ^g	88.1	7.26	9							85.7	11.37	3
Lignin, % DM	2.57	0.752	222	2.06	1.090	261	2.15	0.835	49	1.08	0.520	560
Starch, % DM	1.0	0.70	197	1.8	0.93	318	1.5	1.07	42	1.9	1.05	403
WSC, % DM^h	2.7	0.91	53	11.8	1.24	99	9.3	1.79	17	13.0	2.07	118
TFAs, % DM	1.61			6.12			15.08			1.08	0.000	1
Crude fat, % DM	1.89	0.862	618	7.12	2.368	872	20.42	2.144	113	1.82	0.870	1,387
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	2.70			3.90			4.16			3.99
Ca, % DM	0.64	0.075	955	0.34	0.073	515	0.27	0.046	79	0.40	0.099	983
P, % DM	0.13	0.047	955	0.72	0.066	519	0.63	0.073	79	0.74	0.069	985
Mg, % DM	0.28	0.032	896	0.31	0.033	492	0.25	0.019	75	0.33	0.032	947
K, % DM	1.40	0.147	899	2.24	0.210	494	1.90	0.124	76	2.42	0.209	951
Na, % DM	0.01	0.010	755	0.01	0.014	363	0.01	0.008	63	0.02	0.018	626
Cl, % DM	0.04	0.029	169	0.06	0.042	223	0.07	0.036	35	0.06	0.038	364
S, % DM	0.12	0.025	446	0.40	0.040	407	0.33	0.025	60	0.41	0.033	829
Cu, mg/kg DM	7.58	1.770	775	15.12	2.620	377	13.20	3.292	70	16.06	2.103	657
Fe, mg/kg DM	464	92.4	770	196	100.8	374	119	37.3	69	187	112.8	654
Mn, mg/kg DM	21	6.6	773	39	9.6	379	29	6.1	70	41	7.9	659
Zn, mg/kg DM	47	8.1	767	53	7.7	372	44	15.8	70	53	7.6	657
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.05	0.221	118	2.72	1.268	189	2.85	1.318	47	4.32	2.086	460
Name	Soybean Silage			Soybeans, Whole Raw			Soybeans, Whole Roasted			Spelt Grain
Feed ID Code	NRC16F147			NRC16F148			NRC16F149			NRC16F150
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	37.5	9.79	672	89.1	2.84	180	94.0	2.23	972	87.4	2.23	17
Ash, % DM	10.1	2.59	671	5.3	0.47	103	5.6	0.54	533	4.8	2.73	17
CP, % DM	18.0	3.27	673	40.0	2.12	216	40.0	2.07	1,001	12.9	3.32	17
A fraction, % of CP^b	57			26			18			31
B fraction, % of CP^b	35			74			77			54
C fraction, % of CP^b	7			0			5			15
Kd of B, %/h^b	12.2			9.3			9.3			19.0
RUP, % CP^c	21			25			29			29
dRUP, % of RUP^d	65			90			87			88
Soluble protein, % CP	49.0	10.26	673	42.1	29.94	35	15.6	7.71	457	28.8	7.15	15
ADIP, % DM^e	1.92	0.507	207	0.66	0.189	22	0.97	0.789	111	0.87	0.518	12
NDIP, % DM ^f	2.88	1.082	207	1.66	1.015	22	2.79	1.975	98	1.50	1.063	12
ADF, % DM	35.6	4.76	673	7.0	1.65	43	10.1	2.80	714	21.3	13.02	17
NDF, % DM	45.3	6.59	673	11.9	3.36	62	18.4	4.44	733	39.3	16.90	17
IVNDFD48, % of NDF ^g	47.7	7.43	38				84.3	9.95	4
Lignin, % DM	7.81	1.482	673	1.52	1.745	28	1.80	0.841	248	3.44	0.960	13
Starch, % DM	4.5	3.20	652	4.2	1.84	10	1.5	1.16	159	41.3	18.45	17
WSC, % DM^h	4.3	2.29	314				9.8	1.61	26
TFAs, % DM	2.86	1.421	153	16.99			15.35			1.66		1
Crude fat, % DM	4.26	1.718	668	20.73	1.664	212	21.26	1.907	1,004	2.44	0.877	15
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	2.56			4.33			4.16			3.00
Ca, % DM	1.33	0.325	475	0.27	0.078	87	0.28	0.118	623	0.09	0.033	5
P, % DM	0.32	0.087	476	0.65	0.070	87	0.63	0.100	628	0.38	0.139	5
Mg, % DM	0.37	0.099	474	0.27	0.027	85	0.26	0.030	586	0.26	0.258	5
K, % DM	1.99	0.597	476	2.03	0.153	86	1.90	0.201	585	0.51	0.095	5
Na, % DM	0.02	0.032	55	0.01	0.006	70	0.02	0.041	441	0.03	0.030	5
Cl, % DM	0.47	0.344	298	0.04	0.018	10	0.07	0.034	125	0.08		1
S, % DM	0.23	0.047	471	0.34	0.028	19	0.32	0.034	384	0.14		1
Cu, mg/kg DM	11.44	3.331	133	11.86	4.358	74	13.66	2.707	461	8.13	6.034	8
Fe, mg/kg DM	664	566.7	128	103	28.1	72	131	72.3	458	166	98.3	8
Mn, mg/kg DM	79	39.3	132	26	7.7	73	31	8.7	457	63	26.2	8
Zn, mg/kg DM	40	12.5	134	51	7.2	74	46	8.8	459	54	33.7	8
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.57	0.935	30				3.00	2.285	239
Name	Sudangrass Hay, Mature			Sudangrass Hay, Mid-Maturity			Sudangrass Silage, Mature			Sudangrass Silage, Mid-Maturity
Feed ID Code	RC16F151			NRC16F152			NRC16F153			NRC16F154
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	93.1	1.61	3,621	83.1	4.16	10	31.5	9.44	280	31.5	10.68	1,605
Ash, % DM	9.6	1.44	3,573	15.0	0.01	2	10.6	2.29	281	12.3	3.57	1,610
CP, % DM	8.1	2.16	3,626	14.7	2.73	10	9.5	1.85	282	13.4	3.09	1,618
A fraction, % of CP^b	28			28			38			38
B fraction, % of CP^b	53			53			30			30
C fraction, % of CP^b	19			19			32			32
Kd of B, %/h^b	5.0			5.0			3.7			3.7
RUP, % CP^c	47			47			51			51
dRUP, % of RUP^d	60			60			55			55
Soluble protein, % CP	34.9	5.00	3,605	36.9	2.56	9	49.3	9.19	281	49.9	9.71	1,615
ADIP, % DM^e	1.38	0.273	102	2.52			1.00			1.40	0.277	713
NDIP, % DM^f	3.61	1.086	102	6.58			2.25			3.16	0.897	715
ADF, % DM	41.6	2.73	3,606	36.9	2.21	10	43.8	3.50	282	39.0	4.20	1,619
NDF, % DM	65.8	3.30	3,626	54.6	3.70	10	66.6	3.96	282	60.7	4.73	1,617
IVNDFD48, % of NDF ^g	55.8	6.36	110				61.0	5.31	18	64.6	5.44	47
Lignin, % DM	5.08	1.004	3,579	5.92	0.191	2	6.34	1.336	282	4.99	1.079	1,618
Starch, % DM	1.5	0.99	3,547	2.0	0.91	3	2.1	1.57	275	1.8	1.37	1,527
WSC, % DM^h	9.9	2.39	3,365				4.0	2.79	269	5.2	3.32	868
TFAs, % DM	0.99	0.371	83	1.05	0.318	2	1.53			1.61	0.462	674
Crude fat, % DM	1.69	0.300	3,567	2.58	0.177	2	2.69	0.554	281	3.24	0.656	1,610
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	2.29			2.18			2.16			2.27
Ca, % DM	0.45	0.086	3,533	1.25	1.203	10	0.45	0.116	281	0.52	0.146	934
P, % DM	0.21	0.041	3,521	0.35	0.128	10	0.27	0.060	280	0.32	0.069	934
Mg, % DM	0.30	0.070	3,524	0.28	0.050	10	0.25	0.065	278	0.28	0.075	931
K, % DM	2.11	0.399	3,527	2.59	0.646	10	2.40	0.556	282	2.85	0.718	938
Na, % DM	0.03	0.032	664	0.03			0.03	0.029	66	0.04	0.062	175
Cl, % DM	1.19	0.335	3,197	1.19			0.85	0.327	265	0.97	0.396	906
S, % DM	0.13	0.030	3,517	0.20	0.072	10	0.16	0.037	279	0.20	0.043	935
Cu, mg/kg DM	8.20	3.111	712	8.20			10.29	3.242	68	12.06	4.158	418
Fe, mg/kg DM	264	288.9	707	264			564	471.5	66	1079	920.3	417
Mn, mg/kg DM	40	12.7	710	40			66	37.7	66	74	39.6	417
Zn, mg/kg DM	32	9.0	709	32			37	12.9	68	43	13.4	414
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.33	0.579	564	1.33			1.29	0.645	49	1.96	1.349	112
Name	Sugarcane Bagasse Hay			Sugarcane Bagasse Silage			Sunflower Meal			Sunflower Seed
Feed ID Code	NRC16F155			NRC16F156			NRC16F157			NRC16F158
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	93.2	4.21	174	34.6	12.34	115	90.2	1.89	112	92.7	1.88	70
Ash, % DM	6.1	3.39	96	6.2	3.29	44	7.4	0.99	80	3.5	0.92	48
CP, % DM	3.9	2.09	177	5.0	2.30	114	37.0	4.34	112	20.1	3.00	70
A fraction, % of CP^b	28			38			42			66
B fraction, % of CP^b	53			30			53			32
C fraction, % of CP^b	19			33			5			2
Kd of B, %/h^b	5.0			3.7			29.2			17.0
RUP, % CP^c	47			52			16			14
dRUP, % of RUP^d	60			55			90			80
Soluble protein, % CP	41.9	13.54	133	52.6	14.76	74	27.3	8.52	69	50.5	14.97	10
ADIP, % DM^e	1.99			1.78			1.64	0.539	5	0.84
NDIP, % DM^f	2.92			1.95			2.36	0.822	2	1.71
ADF, % DM	62.6	12.49	179	55.0	12.22	114	29.0	5.42	90	24.4	11.43	28
NDF, % DM	76.9	9.12	173	72.0	11.43	115	40.2	5.95	91	35.2	11.96	49
IVNDFD48, % of NDF ^g	32.0	2.83	2	44.0	5.26	7	36.5	12.02	2
Lignin, % DM	17.69	5.764	100	13.16	6.093	59	9.07	2.114	58	7.21	5.263	8
Starch, % DM	0.8	0.70	79	1.0	0.99	38	1.1	0.95	59	0.6	0.65	14
WSC, % DM^h	5.3	3.58	59	9.6	8.76	20	9.2	1.99	17
TFAs, % DM	0.72			0.91			1.02			37.20
Crude fat, % DM	1.26	1.031	111	1.60	0.832	47	2.20	1.349	111	39.00	9.621	70
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	1.55			1.83			2.99			4.16
Ca, % DM	0.34	0.236	139	0.25	0.182	81	0.46	0.143	79	0.20	0.081	19
P, % DM	0.05	0.055	139	0.07	0.069	79	1.13	0.223	81	0.73	0.246	19
Mg, % DM	0.10	0.084	143	0.10	0.063	79	0.60	0.097	80	0.39	0.096	19
K, % DM	0.34	0.308	146	0.80	0.791	82	1.62	0.220	80	0.98	0.330	19
Na, % DM	0.02	0.023	142	0.03	0.037	79	0.04	0.053	68	0.01	0.011	17
Cl, % DM	0.14	0.148	69	0.29	0.471	34	0.15	0.034	42	0.10	0.016	7
S, % DM	0.08	0.056	131	0.14	0.121	74	0.45	0.070	71	0.25	0.049	11
Cu, mg/kg DM	7.14	5.232	143	6.84	3.095	80	32.87	5.208	77	20.11	4.319	19
Fe, mg/kg DM	1535	1390.1	141	821	805.5	79	275	151.2	77	104	81.5	19
Mn, mg/kg DM	73	39.5	139	58	35.7	81	48	10.6	77	30	9.6	19
Zn, mg/kg DM	16	7.8	134	16	5.7	77	84	13.2	50	56	11.2	19
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.12	0.431	26	1.55	0.999	20	1.13	0.345	52	1.00	0.000	13
Name	Sunflower Silage			Sweet Corn Cannery Waste			Tapioca (Cassava)			Tomato Pomace
Feed ID Code	NRC16F159			NRC16F160			NRC16F161			NRC16F162
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	21.6	6.30	25	22.5	5.18	1,446	87.7	2.00	104	24.7	20.10	4
Ash, % DM	12.6	2.36	35	5.1	1.67	1,264	3.2	1.82	104	5.5	1.90	3
CP, % DM	13.3	2.63	35	9.8	1.31	1,455	2.5	0.98	104	19.3	4.80	22
A fraction, % of CP^b	42			30			23			42
B fraction, % of CP^b	53			68			70			53
C fraction, % of CP^b	5			2			7			5
Kd of B, %/h^b	29.2			5.0			5.4			7.4
RUP, % CP^c	15			39			43			30
dRUP, % of RUP^d	90			61			73			80
Soluble protein, % CP	49.2	6.06	35	50.7	11.06	1,394	41.5	17.54	102
ADIP, % DM^e	2.44			6.78	2.146	125	0.59			3.80	0.100	2
NDIP, % DM^f	4.24			10.70	4.217	125	1.10			8.00		1
ADF, % DM	36.6	5.67	35	32.0	4.16	1,451	6.0	2.90	104	47.6	2.80	4
NDF, % DM	45.3	6.39	35	56.3	7.36	1,456	8.1	3.48	105	60.0	5.80	4
IVNDFD48, % of NDF ^g				72.0	5.63	58	11.0		1
Lignin, % DM	8.20	1.438	35	3.19	0.823	1,177	1.80	1.128	104	13.30	10.800	3
Starch, % DM	1.5	1.79	34	10.2	5.15	1,454	78.9	6.71	105	1.2
WSC, % DM^h				4.8	2.60	392	2.3	1.31	10
TFAs, % DM	3.06			3.81	1.212	738	0.48			12.30
Crude fat, % DM	5.39	2.658	35	5.08	1.539	1,189	0.70	0.296	99	13.30	4.900	4
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	2.42			2.82			3.27			2.63
Ca, % DM	1.12	0.225	35	0.24	0.094	1,365	0.18	0.110	104	0.22	0.110	10
P, % DM	0.38	0.066	35	0.27	0.047	1,368	0.09	0.030	104	0.47	0.200	10
Mg, % DM	0.71	0.149	35	0.20	0.046	1,367	0.08	0.027	104	0.28	0.070	9
K, % DM	3.91	0.988	35	1.11	0.332	1,364	0.61	0.328	101	0.98	0.260	9
Na, % DM	0.02	0.011	35	0.02	0.016	253	0.02	0.020	102	0.12	0.230	9
Cl, % DM	1.38	0.292	34	0.32	0.226	430	0.07	0.034	14
S, % DM	0.24	0.040	35	0.13	0.021	1,289	0.04	0.013	100	0.15	0.060	6
Cu, mg/kg DM	11.15	1.395	34	8.85	3.374	234	3.98	3.083	102	11.00	3.000	9
Fe, mg/kg DM	399	541.5	34	470	394.5	234	521	539.4	103	541	574.0	9
Mn, mg/kg DM	25	11.2	34	33	16.5	233	34	30.1	103	11	3.0	9
Zn, mg/kg DM	34	12.3	25	40	12.3	234	13	6.4	101	54	10.0	9
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.86	2.268	7	1.51	1.755	35	1.00	0.000	17	1.80	0.300	9
Name	Triticale Grain			Triticale Hay			Triticale Plus Pea Silage			Triticale Silage, Mature
Feed ID Code	NRC16F163			NRC16F164			NRC16F165			NRC16F166
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	88.4	1.37	316	91.0	1.93	1,085	34.2	9.28	620	30.1	9.80	3,757
Ash, % DM	2.1	0.45	296	8.5	2.41	1,035	10.3	2.22	619	10.1	2.24	3,763
CP, % DM	12.1	2.07	317	10.3	3.79	1,088	16.0	2.58	620	14.2	2.82	3,763
A fraction, % of CP^b	31			56			56			56
B fraction, % of CP^b	54			33			33			33
C fraction, % of CP^b	15			11			11			11
Kd of B, %/h^b	19.1			5.9			5.9			5.9
RUP, % CP^c	39			30			30			30
dRUP, % of RUP^d	88			65			65			65
Soluble protein, % CP	31.3	9.05	302	46.8	10.48	1,081	62.6	9.79	619	62.7	12.60	3,758
ADIP, % DM^e	0.38			0.51			2.17			0.81
NDIP, % DM^f	1.89			1.87			5.70			1.69
ADF, % DM	4.4	1.00	311	38.3	6.17	1,089	37.1	3.15	620	37.2	3.95	3,763
NDF, % DM	14.1	2.55	315	60.0	7.46	1,086	55.7	4.27	620	58.6	4.42	3,766
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g	41.0		2	63.7	9.29	182	65.1	4.82	70	58.5	5.53	425
Lignin, % DM	1.79	0.493	296	4.84	1.345	1,032	5.46	1.125	620	4.33	1.274	3,748
Starch, % DM	61.2	4.25	313	3.1	2.67	969	2.8	1.86	610	1.7	1.72	3,717
WSC, % DM^h	8.0	2.61	28	14.0	6.63	966	6.0	2.96	614	10.1	5.19	3,065
TFAs, % DM	1.55			1.46	0.448	53	2.13			2.48	0.332	2
Crude fat, % DM	1.73	0.349	296	2.29	0.705	1,028	3.76	0.633	619	3.47	0.693	3,750
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	3.44			2.48			2.50			2.55
Ca, % DM	0.09	0.105	312	0.33	0.133	1,051	0.68	0.175	618	0.38	0.130	3,722
P, % DM	0.35	0.062	313	0.24	0.076	1,084	0.35	0.061	620	0.34	0.068	3,756
Mg, % DM	0.13	0.021	312	0.15	0.056	1,077	0.21	0.042	615	0.17	0.042	3,745
K, % DM	0.51	0.162	311	1.99	0.691	1,081	2.76	0.644	619	2.82	0.666	3,749
Na, % DM	0.01	0.004	44	0.04	0.059	266	0.08	0.072	385	0.05	0.046	383
Cl, % DM	0.12	0.029	34	0.77	0.457	943	0.71	0.265	571	0.86	0.437	3,018
S, % DM	0.14	0.034	300	0.15	0.053	1,078	0.20	0.031	617	0.20	0.037	3,752
Cu, mg/kg DM	5.19	1.110	42	6.26	2.562	256	8.79	2.268	388	8.91	3.271	357
Fe, mg/kg DM	51	12.9	42	184	158.1	251	666	711.0	388	455	298.2	360
Mn, mg/kg DM	43	13.8	42	38	18.8	254	45	21.0	387	48	20.8	358
Zn, mg/kg DM	29	8.4	42	25	8.9	254	28	5.6	387	35	11.5	361
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.00	0.000	20	1.44	0.802	163	1.22	0.465	351	30.1	9.80	3,757
Name	Triticale Silage, Mid-Maturity			Urea			Wheat Bran			Wheat Grain, Ground
Feed ID Code	NRC16F167			NRC16F168			NRC16F169			NRC16F170
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	33.3	7.67	1,111	99.0			90.1	1.16	186	85.7	16.69	2,011.07
Ash, % DM	12.4	2.02	1,111				5.5	0.81	94	2.1	0.64	1,856
CP, % DM	17.8	2.09	1,107	281.0			17.4	1.60	187	13.5	2.36	2,120
A fraction, % of CP^b	56			100			43			31
B fraction, % of CP^b	33			0			51			54
C fraction, % of CP^b	11			0			6			15
Kd of B, %/h^b	5.9			0.0			24.2			19.1
RUP, % CP^c	30			0			18			28
dRUP, % of RUP^d	65						69			88
Soluble protein, % CP	66.8	9.44	1,115	100.0			39.9	5.99	119	28.4	6.76	1,746
ADIP, % DM^e	1.01						0.61			0.45	0.228	306
NDIP, % DM^f	2.12						3.10			1.59	0.479	295
ADF, % DM	34.8	3.00	1,113				13.8	2.45	186	4.2	1.46	1,978
NDF, % DM	52.2	3.80	1,114	0.0			40.1	6.22	187	12.5	2.71	2,044
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g	57.5	5.44	221				43.3	9.61	3	55.7	17.36	7
Lignin, % DM	4.31	1.105	1,109	0.00			4.15	1.020	82	1.52	0.589	1,679
Starch, % DM	1.5	1.03	1,097	0.0			20.8	6.20	113	63.0	4.40	2,038
WSC, % DM^h	7.5	3.22	504				8.0	1.20	42	5.9	1.58	72
TFAs, % DM	2.38	0.473	6				4.02			1.78
Crude fat, % DM	4.08	0.598	1,109				4.39	0.743	111	1.98	0.361	1,808
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	2.56			2.21			3.06			3.56
Ca, % DM	0.52	0.191	1,107				0.13	0.091	167	0.10	0.158	1,694
P, % DM	0.41	0.062	1,111				1.05	0.249	167	0.36	0.076	1,727
Mg, % DM	0.19	0.046	1,112				0.43	0.095	157	0.13	0.032	1,710
K, % DM	3.42	0.586	1,112				1.22	0.237	158	0.47	0.229	1,711
Na, % DM	0.06	0.045	110				0.03	0.127	155	0.01	0.018	452
Cl, % DM	1.11	0.469	503				0.11	0.035	69	0.13	0.099	227
S, % DM	0.24	0.034	1,110				0.19	0.021	130	0.15	0.028	1,471
Cu, mg/kg DM	11.44	6.001	91				10.76	2.950	156	4.45	2.350	551
Fe, mg/kg DM	616	415.6	91				163	68.9	157	71	63.2	557
Mn, mg/kg DM	57	32.6	92				133	30.8	156	43	15.2	558
Zn, mg/kg DM	42	11.3	91				77	13.3	139	32	10.5	557
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.66	0.901	73				1.37	0.633	146	1.00	0.000	121
Name	Wheat Hay, Headed			Wheat Hay, Vegetative			Wheat Middlings			Wheat Silage, Headed
Feed ID Code	NRC16F171			NRC16F172			NRC16F173			NRC16F174
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	90.6	3.46	1,065	90.5	2.98	2,404	88.3	1.38	2,723	34.8	4.94	6,375
Ash, % DM	8.1	2.12	1,070	8.2	2.51	2,404	5.9	0.46	2,239	10.5	2.19	6,393
CP, % DM	9.9	2.18	1,069	10.5	2.89	2,402	19.1	1.25	2,731	10.7	1.79	6,403
A fraction, % of CP^b	35			35			48			62
B fraction, % of CP^b	53			53			44			29
C fraction, % of CP^b	12			12			8			9
Kd of B, %/h^b	4.3			4.3			16.2			10.0
RUP, % CP^c	42			42			22			23
dRUP, % of RUP^d	70			70			57			72
Soluble protein, % CP	39.8	9.24	1,036	41.6	9.14	2,329	40.1	5.50	274	69.5	9.36	6,357
ADIP, % DM^e	5.93	1.412	540	6.38	1.713	581	0.69	0.302	82	1.17	0.243	3,507
NDIP, % DM^f	11.90	5.123	547	15.99	6.988	582	2.77	0.711	70	1.55	0.434	3,502
ADF, % DM	33.6	3.80	1,053	36.1	4.70	2,398	13.2	1.83	774	35.1	3.28	6,401
NDF, % DM	52.8	5.19	1,071	58.0	6.03	2,409	38.7	4.62	754	51.1	4.25	6,404
IVNDFD48, % of NDF^g	57.2	8.36	18	59.3	8.28	58	48.6	8.84	5	61.4	3.81	41
Lignin, % DM	4.91	0.946	811	4.79	1.393	2,281	3.77	0.939	221	4.99	0.704	6,391
Starch, % DM	12.2	3.99	795	3.4	2.13	2,298	22.9	5.60	565	13.0	5.85	6,410
WSC, % DM^h	9.6	4.19	257	17.3	7.45	1,679	7.9	1.33	126	6.5	2.85	2,802
TFAs, % DM	1.01	0.316	401	0.89	0.342	503	3.85			1.53	0.301	3,168
Crude fat, % DM	2.09	0.474	828	2.19	0.528	2,272	4.35	0.600	760	3.06	0.445	6,366
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	2.52			2.48			3.07			2.51
Ca, % DM	0.31	0.114	655	0.29	0.140	1,876	0.14	0.122	2,120	0.30	0.093	3,164
P, % DM	0.23	0.050	658	0.21	0.064	1,883	1.21	0.147	2,130	0.29	0.048	3,182
Mg, % DM	0.14	0.037	640	0.14	0.046	1,884	0.45	0.092	656	0.13	0.033	3,180
K, % DM	1.65	0.503	645	1.75	0.557	1,883	1.23	0.217	654	2.03	0.421	3,183
Na, % DM	0.05	0.079	438	0.07	0.099	663	0.02	0.022	502	0.06	0.100	870
Cl, % DM	0.62	0.314	418	0.69	0.364	1,676	0.10	0.023	143	0.74	0.257	2,984
S, % DM	0.16	0.042	421	0.16	0.054	1,737	0.20	0.025	339	0.17	0.031	3,186
Cu, mg/kg DM	7.52	3.484	570	7.87	2.824	824	11.51	3.822	506	7.68	3.422	2,615
Fe, mg/kg DM	303	222.3	571	403	365.5	826	153	44.1	499	543	347.4	2,604
Mn, mg/kg DM	51	24.9	575	59	27.0	826	133	27.6	505	46	17.3	2,625
Zn, mg/kg DM	25	8.4	574	27	10.9	817	90	16.3	452	28	8.3	2,616
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.65	0.965	49	1.50	0.868	292	1.64	0.811	273	1.58	0.834	493
Name	Wheat Silage, Vegetative			Wheat Straw			Whey, Dry			Whey, Wet
Feed ID Code	NRC16F175			NRC16F176			NRC16F177			NRC16F178
	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
DM, % as fed	35.6	9.04	11,669	89.5	3.14	7,940	92.6	1.86	73	22.9	10.42	453
Ash, % DM	9.9	2.68	11,025	8.0	2.54	7,924	9.7	1.40	69	13.5	4.41	303
CP, % DM	13.4	3.19	11,685	4.5	1.54	7,936	17.8	5.28	72	7.4	2.98	437
A fraction, % of CP^b	62			10			90			90
B fraction, % of CP^b	29			51			10			10
C fraction, % of CP^b	9			39			0			0
Kd of B, %/h^b	10.0			1.4			5.0			5.0
RUP, % CP^c	22			80			11			11
dRUP, % of RUP^d	72			62			95			95
Soluble protein, % CP	65.0	10.78	11,653	36.0	10.85	7,838	91.1	4.65	48	53.7	22.20	185
ADIP, % DM^e	1.14	0.286	4,461	1.26	0.170	3,098	0.22	0.110	34	0.34	0.262	94
NDIP, % DM ^f	1.90	0.725	4,453	1.51	0.409	3,097	0.53	0.658	35	0.67	0.444	94
ADF, % DM	37.0	4.26	11,673	53.1	4.06	7,903	0.3	0.19	45	0.9	0.81	211
NDF, % DM	56.6	5.50	11,677	76.9	4.72	7,928	0.6	0.52	62	2.2	1.64	229
IVNDFD48, % of NDF ^g	59.0	6.12	1,034	41.8	6.09	362
Lignin, % DM	4.79	1.139	11,058	8.19	1.333	7,898	0.23	0.159	37	0.32	0.198	100
Starch, % DM	2.5	2.35	11,544	1.8	1.10	5,679	1.4			1.4	0.95	80
WSC, % DM^h	9.2	4.89	5,028	4.2	1.69	2,477	56.1	2.16	108	50.6	16.27	568
TFAs, % DM	1.42	0.365	4,112	0.55	0.340	2,837	5.27			0.97
Crude fat, % DM	3.50	0.647	11,038	1.49	0.454	7,924	6.27	0.449	49	1.97	2.052	169
De base, Mcal/kgⁱ	2.53			1.96			3.62			3.16
Ca, % DM	0.43	0.201	7,414	0.38	0.250	5,051	0.92	0.210	61	1.26	0.641	420
P, % DM	0.32	0.069	7,423	0.12	0.072	5,051	0.89	0.234	62	1.29	0.488	417
Mg, % DM	0.17	0.045	7,411	0.12	0.058	5,033	0.14	0.030	62	0.22	0.071	414
K, % DM	2.53	0.709	7,419	1.41	0.658	5,082	2.60	0.625	62	4.01	1.509	415
Na, % DM	0.07	0.098	1,442	0.08	0.181	2,342	0.74	0.139	47	1.43	0.805	406
Cl, % DM	0.83	0.394	5,311	0.49	0.420	3,704	1.65	0.343	45	3.00	1.151	265
S, % DM	0.19	0.044	7,426	0.11	0.041	5,029	0.24	0.054	45	0.19	0.213	283
Cu, mg/kg DM	9.00	3.483	3,059	6.20	3.886	3,644	1.24	0.614	33	5.14	6.283	236
Fe, mg/kg DM	625	500.0	3,046	224	288.6	3,622	11	8.9	46	74	103.4	256
Mn, mg/kg DM	63	29.5	3,060	50	51.5	3,628	1	0.5	29	3	2.5	229
Zn, mg/kg DM	32	11.1	3,069	17	9.0	3,626	5	2.2	47	39	36.9	250
Mo, mg/kg DM	1.68	1.070	801	1.44	0.854	796

a: N = number of samples and SD = standard deviation; a blank cell under mean signifies no data were available while 0 reflects measured values that are below detection; blank N and SD signify corresponding mean value from a single source.
b: Fractions (A, B, and C) and rate (Kd of B) of rumen disappearance of protein.
c: Italics signifies calculated value as described in text.
d: dRUP = intestinal digestibility of rumen-undegradable protein.
e: ADIP = acid detergent insoluble protein.
f: NDIP = neutral detergent insoluble protein.
g: IVNDFD48 = in vitro 48-hour NDF digestibility.
h: WSC = water-soluble carbohydrate.
i: Digestible energy standard; italics signifies calculated value as described in text.

TABLE 19-2AA, TFA, and FA Content of Some Feedstuffs Commonly Fed to Dairy Cattle^a

Feed Name	Alfalfa Meal	Almond Hulls	Apple Pomace or By-Product, Wet	Bakery By-Product, Bread Waste	Bakery By-Product, Cereal	Bakery By-Product, Cookies
CP, % DM	19.51	5.25	6.42	14.90	9.20	12.94
Arg, % CP	4.04	2.23	4.52	4.74	6.84	4.19
His, % CP	1.87	0.86	1.86	2.61	2.82	1.77
Ile, % CP	3.80	2.35	3.13	4.00	3.15	3.12
Leu, % CP	6.57	4.05	5.58	7.77	6.16	7.12
Lys, % CP	4.40	2.74	3.93	2.91	4.05	1.71
Met, % CP	1.27	0.90	1.38	1.73	1.57	1.83
Phe, % CP	4.40	2.80	3.31	5.44	3.97	4.78
Thr, % CP	3.92	2.70	3.04	3.36	3.26	3.14
Trp, % CP	1.63	1.00	0.88	1.15	1.37	0.88
Val, % CP	4.82	3.53	4.11	4.42	4.50	4.58
TFAs, % DM	1.61	1.26	1.88	4.76	1.95	9.04
C12:0, % TFA	1.17	0.22	0.60			0.49
C14:0, % TFA	0.58	0.05	1.20	5.21	5.21	3.16
C16:0, % TFA	20.10	14.49	26.90	18.86	18.86	15.82
C16:1, % TFA	1.71	0.26	0.60			0.18
C18:0, % TFA	3.35	3.91	3.90	1.02	1.02	9.29
C18:1 trans, % TFA						7.77
C18:1 cis, % TFA	3.02	50.82	7.80	13.90	13.90	26.41
C18:2, % TFA	21.07	23.39	48.80	56.83	56.83	33.51
C18:3, % TFA	44.93	3.25	10.10	3.81	3.81	0.85
Others, % TFA	4.09	3.61	0.10	0.37	0.37	2.53
Feed Name	Bakery By-Product Meal	Barley Grain, Dry, Ground	Barley Grain, Steam Rolled	Barley Hay	Barley Malt Sprouts	Barley Silage, Headed
CP, % DM	12.83	11.81	11.81	10.75	23.88	10.87
Arg, % CP	4.63	4.91	4.91	2.18	4.55	1.04
His, % CP	2.22	2.22	2.22	1.94	1.90	1.21
Ile, % CP	3.43	3.43	3.43	5.50	3.23	3.45
Leu, % CP	6.94	6.76	6.76	6.65	5.71	4.88
Lys, % CP	2.69	3.61	3.61	3.56	4.71	2.35
Met, % CP	1.48	1.67	1.67	1.87	1.48	1.16
Phe, % CP	4.54	5.09	5.09	4.70	3.44	3.42
Thr, % CP	3.06	3.33	3.33	4.13	3.39	2.51
Trp, % CP	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.42	1.27	1.42
Val, % CP	4.35	4.81	4.81	4.13	4.55	4.80
TFAs, % DM	7.68	1.31	1.31	1.40	1.46	2.06
C12:0, % TFA	0.49			0.80		0.80
C14:0, % TFA	3.16	0.32	0.32	5.50	0.32	5.50
C16:0, % TFA	15.82	22.97	22.97	43.40	22.97	43.40
C16:1, % TFA	0.18	0.05	0.05		0.05
C18:0, % TFA	9.29	1.53	1.53	4.10	1.53	4.10
C18:1 trans, % TFA	7.77
C18:1 cis, % TFA	26.41	13.54	13.54	7.30	13.54	7.30
C18:2, % TFA	33.51	55.93	55.93	12.30	55.93	12.30
C18:3, % TFA	0.85	4.34	4.34	2.40	4.34	2.40
Others, % TFA	2.53	1.32	1.32	24.20	1.32	24.20
Feed Name	Barley Silage, Mid-Maturity	Barley Silage, Vegetative	Beet Pulp, Dry	Beet Pulp, Dry, Molasses Added	Beet Pulp, Wet	Bermudagrass Hay
CP, % DM	11.36	14.22	9.92	8.91	9.12	10.99
Arg, % CP	1.04	1.04	3.73	3.73	3.73	3.88
His, % CP	1.21	1.21	3.13	3.13	3.13	1.63
Ile, % CP	3.45	3.45	3.49	3.49	3.49	3.32
Leu, % CP	4.88	4.88	5.90	5.90	5.90	6.22
Lys, % CP	2.35	2.35	5.78	5.78	5.78	3.49
Met, % CP	1.16	1.16	1.57	1.57	1.57	1.30
Phe, % CP	3.42	3.42	3.61	3.61	3.61	3.92
Thr, % CP	2.51	2.51	4.46	4.46	4.46	3.60
Trp, % CP	1.42	1.42	1.08	1.08	1.08	1.24
Val, % CP	4.80	4.80	5.54	5.54	5.54	4.51
TFAs, % DM	1.70	2.07	0.63	0.63	0.64	1.25
C12:0, % TFA	0.80	0.80				2.82
C14:0, % TFA	5.50	5.50				1.18
C16:0, % TFA	43.40	43.40	26.66	26.66	26.66	30.30
C16:1, % TFA			0.39	0.39	0.39	1.42
C18:0, % TFA	4.10	4.10	0.89	0.89	0.89	3.99
C18:1 trans, % TFA			0.14	0.14	0.14	1.14
C18:1 cis, % TFA	7.30	7.30	11.55	11.55	11.55	3.32
C18:2, % TFA	12.30	12.30	49.83	49.83	49.83	18.79
C18:3, % TFA	2.40	2.40	6.35	6.35	6.35	20.75
Others, % TFA	24.20	24.20	4.19	4.19	4.19	16.29
Feed Name	Bermudagrass Silage, Mature	Bermudagrass Silage, Mid-Maturity	Blood Meal, High dRUP	Blood Meal, Low dRUP	Brewers Grains, Dry	Brewers Grains, Wet
CP, % DM	10.27	14.59	96.97	96.97	25.49	28.08
Arg, % CP	3.88	3.88	4.20	4.20	5.80	5.80
His, % CP	1.63	1.63	6.00	6.00	2.28	2.28
Ile, % CP	3.32	3.32	1.08	1.08	4.02	4.02
Leu, % CP	6.22	6.22	12.40	12.40	8.30	8.30
Lys, % CP	3.49	3.49	8.77	8.77	3.55	3.55
Met, % CP	1.30	1.30	1.15	1.15	2.14	2.14
Phe, % CP	3.92	3.92	6.79	6.79	5.54	5.54
Thr, % CP	3.60	3.60	4.55	4.55	3.59	3.59
Trp, % CP	1.24	1.24	1.58	1.58	1.34	1.34
Val, % CP	4.51	4.51	8.32	8.32	5.47	5.47
TFAs, % DM	1.35	1.44	1.31	1.31	8.31	7.61
C12:0, % TFA	1.44	1.44	0.11	0.11	0.14	0.03
C14:0, % TFA	0.50	0.50	1.48	1.48	0.73	0.40
C16:0, % TFA	21.08	21.08	21.62	21.62	26.69	24.49
C16:1, % TFA	1.31	1.31	1.02	1.02	0.20	0.20
C18:0, % TFA	2.42	2.42	21.66	21.66	2.24	1.83
C18:1 trans, % TFA			5.13	5.13
C18:1 cis, % TFA	4.86	4.86	26.47	26.47	14.60	11.23
C18:2, % TFA	24.88	24.88	14.89	14.89	48.87	53.82
C18:3, % TFA	32.46	32.46	0.46	0.46	4.57	5.37
Others, % TFA	11.06	11.06	7.16	7.16	1.95	2.63
Feed Name	Brewers Yeast, Dry	Brewers Yeast, Wet	Calcium Soaps	Candy (Not Chocolate) By-Product	Candy By-Product, High Protein	Canola Meal, Solvent Extracted
CP, % DM	50.72	43.32	0.00	2.37	14.63	41.49
Arg, % CP	0.85	0.85		2.25	2.25	5.93
His, % CP	0.45	0.45			1.57	2.66
Ile, % CP	0.71	0.71		3.60	3.60	3.93
Leu, % CP				6.52	6.52	6.92
Lys, % CP	0.65	0.65		2.25	2.25	5.51
Met, % CP	0.34	0.34		1.57	1.57	1.97
Phe, % CP	0.67	0.67		3.82	3.82	4.00
Thr, % CP	0.60	0.60		3.82	3.82	4.43
Trp, % CP	0.13	0.13		0.67	0.67	1.34
Val, % CP	0.81	0.81		5.84	5.84	5.11
TFAs, % DM	0.11	2.34	84.50	0.25	11.11	2.51
C12:0, % TFA			0.20	0.23	6.54
C14:0, % TFA			1.60	0.35	5.13	0.19
C16:0, % TFA			50.80	18.55	18.24	9.76
C16:1, % TFA				0.23	0.14	0.90
C18:0, % TFA			4.10	7.94	18.81	2.24
C18:1 trans, % TFA				17.44	9.08	0.61
C18:1 cis, % TFA			35.70	38.75	30.81	45.21
C18:2, % TFA			7.00	15.56	7.78	31.45
C18:3, % TFA			0.20	0.20	0.58	7.71
Others, % TFA	100.00	100.00	0.40	0.74	2.89	1.92
Feed Name	Canola Seed, Ground	Chocolate By-product	Citrus Pulp, Dry	Citrus Pulp, Wet	Cool-Season Grass Hay, Mature	Cool-Season Grass Hay, Mid-Maturity
CP, % DM	23.36	10.00	7.19	8.66	9.23	13.28
Arg, % CP	5.93	2.25	3.72	3.72	4.10	4.10
His, % CP	2.66	1.57	1.70	1.70	1.94	1.94
Ile, % CP	3.93	3.60	2.88	2.88	3.96	3.96
Leu, % CP	6.92	6.52	5.25	5.25	7.39	7.39
Lys, % CP	5.51	2.25	2.72	2.72	4.85	4.85
Met, % CP	1.97	1.57	1.04	1.04	1.64	1.64
Phe, % CP	4.00	3.82	3.62	3.62	4.78	4.78
Thr, % CP	4.43	3.82	2.94	2.94	4.10	4.10
Trp, % CP	1.34	0.67	0.95	0.95	2.09	2.09
Val, % CP	5.11	5.84	3.85	3.85	5.22	5.22
TFAs, % DM	39.46	20.68	1.72	1.72	0.95	1.58
C12:0, % TFA		6.54	0.67	0.67	0.89	0.89
C14:0, % TFA	0.19	5.13	0.56	0.56
C16:0, % TFA	9.76	18.24	26.85	26.85	15.22	15.22
C16:1, % TFA	0.90	0.14	0.59	0.59	1.48	1.48
C18:0, % TFA	2.24	18.81	4.93	4.93	1.29	1.29
C18:1 trans, % TFA	0.61	9.08	0.05	0.05
C18:1 cis, % TFA	45.21	30.81	23.30	23.30	2.52	2.52
C18:2, % TFA	31.45	7.78	34.92	34.92	16.62	16.62
C18:3, % TFA	7.71	0.58	6.42	6.42	55.50	55.50
Others, % TFA	1.92	2.89	1.70	1.70	6.49	6.49
Feed Name	Cool-Season Grass Silage	Corn, Ear with Husk and Some Stalk, Ensiled, High Fiber	Corn, Ear with Husk and Some Stalk, Ensiled, Low Fiber	Corn and Cob Meal, Dry	Corn Cobs	Corn Germ
CP, % DM	13.42	7.95	7.83	8.41	2.97	15.42
Arg, % CP	3.06	3.85	3.85	3.30	4.00	6.64
His, % CP	1.66	2.69	2.69	2.79	2.94	2.99
Ile, % CP	3.57	3.46	3.46	3.54	3.50	3.08
Leu, % CP	6.12	12.98	12.98	13.00	12.70	8.22
Lys, % CP	3.28	2.69	2.69	2.60	2.78	4.58
Met, % CP	1.21	1.83	1.83	2.00	2.50	1.78
Phe, % CP	4.37	5.00	5.00	4.50	4.72	4.11
Thr, % CP	3.34	3.56	3.56	3.56	3.59	3.83
Trp, % CP	1.07			0.68	0.69	1.40
Val, % CP	4.89	4.42	4.42	4.74	4.78	4.86
TFAs, % DM	1.84	2.89	3.11	3.26	0.35	16.89
C12:0, % TFA	6.56
C14:0, % TFA	0.54	0.30	0.30	0.30	1.15	0.71
C16:0, % TFA	16.76	13.60	13.60	13.60	12.69	16.90
C16:1, % TFA	1.67	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.12	0.13
C18:0, % TFA	1.94	1.80	1.80	1.80	1.94	2.04
C18:1 trans, % TFA
C18:1 cis, % TFA	3.80	26.00	26.00	26.00	25.10	25.17
C18:2, % TFA	19.96	55.10	55.10	55.10	56.25	52.64
C18:3, % TFA	44.30	1.60	1.60	1.60	1.69	1.47
Others, % TFA	4.46	1.40	1.40	1.40	1.05	0.94
Feed Name	Corn Germ Meal	Corn Gluten Feed, Dry	Corn Gluten Feed, Wet	Corn Gluten Meal	Corn Grain Dry, Coarse Grind	Corn Grain Dry, Fine Grind
CP, % DM	26.14	23.19	23.11	68.52	8.51	8.51
Arg, % CP	6.64	4.58	4.58	3.14	4.75	4.75
His, % CP	2.99	2.94	2.94	2.02	2.88	2.88
Ile, % CP	3.08	2.99	2.99	3.98	3.38	3.38
Leu, % CP	8.22	8.46	8.46	16.35	12.00	12.00
Lys, % CP	4.58	3.08	3.08	1.64	3.00	3.00
Met, % CP	1.78	1.59	1.59	2.38	2.00	2.00
Phe, % CP	4.11	3.48	3.48	6.18	4.88	4.88
Thr, % CP	3.83	3.58	3.58	3.34	3.63	3.63
Trp, % CP	1.40	0.50	0.50	0.54	0.75	0.75
Val, % CP	4.86	4.73	4.73	4.51	4.63	4.63
TFAs, % DM	2.11	3.38	3.09	1.44	3.84	3.84
C12:0, % TFA		0.03	0.31
C14:0, % TFA	0.71	0.99	0.06	0.22	2.33	2.33
C16:0, % TFA	16.90	23.94	20.87	13.62	13.21	13.21
C16:1, % TFA	0.13	0.20	0.32	0.08	0.12	0.12
C18:0, % TFA	2.04	2.51	4.30	2.17	1.99	1.99
C18:1 trans, % TFA			0.13
C18:1 cis, % TFA	25.17	17.19	19.08	22.22	24.09	24.09
C18:2, % TFA	52.64	50.48	49.97	57.46	55.70	55.70
C18:3, % TFA	1.47	3.21	2.90	2.77	1.62	1.62
Others, % TFA	0.94	1.44	2.07	1.47	0.94	0.94
Feed Name	Corn Grain Dry, Medium Grind	Corn Grain, High Moisture, Coarse Grind	Corn Grain High Moisture, Fine Grind	Corn Grain Screenings	Corn Grain, Steam-Flaked	Corn Hominy
CP, % DM	8.51	8.51	8.51	8.56	8.00	10.06
Arg, % CP	4.75	4.75	3.85	5.00	4.75	6.20
His, % CP	2.88	2.88	2.54	2.67	2.88	2.80
Ile, % CP	3.38	3.38	3.38	3.26	3.38	3.20
Leu, % CP	12.00	12.00	11.60	10.12	12.00	9.10
Lys, % CP	3.00	3.00	2.64	3.60	3.00	4.30
Met, % CP	2.00	2.00	2.11	1.86	2.00	1.90
Phe, % CP	4.88	4.88	4.56	4.65	4.88	4.30
Thr, % CP	3.63	3.63	3.68	3.84	3.63	3.80
Trp, % CP	0.75	0.75	0.98	0.81	0.75	0.90
Val, % CP	4.63	4.63	4.90	4.42	4.63	4.80
TFAs, % DM	3.84	3.84	3.57	3.18	3.14	5.38
C12:0, % TFA
C14:0, % TFA	2.33	2.33	0.26		0.87	2.62
C16:0, % TFA	13.21	13.21	13.57	14.14	12.92	13.96
C16:1, % TFA	0.12	0.12	0.19		0.08
C18:0, % TFA	1.99	1.99	1.83	2.05	1.86	2.37
C18:1 trans, % TFA
C18:1 cis, % TFA	24.09	24.09	25.99	23.72	23.17	24.80
C18:2, % TFA	55.70	55.70	55.08	56.43	58.38	53.38
C18:3, % TFA	1.62	1.62	1.64	1.97	1.82	1.81
Others, % TFA	0.94	0.94	1.44	1.68	0.90	1.05
Feed Name	Corn Silage, Immature	Corn Silage, Mature	Corn Silage, Typical	Corn Stalks, Ensiled, High DM	Corn Stalk, Ensiled, Low DM	Cotton Gin Trash
CP, % DM	7.91	7.47	7.71	5.61	7.00	11.98
Arg, % CP	2.32	2.32	2.32	2.32	2.32	11.40
His, % CP	1.71	1.71	1.71	1.71	1.71	3.32
Ile, % CP	3.41	3.41	3.41	3.41	3.41	3.39
Leu, % CP	8.54	8.54	8.54	8.54	8.54	7.22
Lys, % CP	2.80	2.80	2.80	2.80	2.80	4.66
Met, % CP	1.59	1.59	1.59	1.59	1.59	1.83
Phe, % CP	3.90	3.90	3.90	3.90	3.90	5.63
Thr, % CP	3.41	3.41	3.41	3.41	3.41	3.81
Trp, % CP	0.73	0.73	0.73	0.73	0.73	1.42
Val, % CP	4.51	4.51	4.51	4.51	4.51	5.00
TFAs, % DM	2.32	2.36	2.35	0.48	0.72	3.14
C12:0, % TFA	0.31	0.31	0.31	0.31	0.31
C14:0, % TFA	0.46	0.46	0.46	0.46	0.46	0.70
C16:0, % TFA	17.83	17.83	17.83	17.83	17.83	23.13
C16:1, % TFA	0.36	0.36	0.36	0.36	0.36	0.65
C18:0, % TFA	2.42	2.42	2.42	2.42	2.42	3.25
C18:1 trans, % TFA	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
C18:1 cis, % TFA	19.24	19.24	19.24	19.24	19.24	19.29
C18:2, % TFA	47.74	47.74	47.74	47.74	47.74	51.56
C18:3, % TFA	8.25	8.25	8.25	8.25	8.25	0.53
Others, % TFA	3.40	3.40	3.40	3.40	3.40	0.89
Feed Name	Cottonseed Hulls	Cottonseed Meal	Cottonseed, Whole Linted	Distillers Grains and Solubles, Dried, High Fat	Distillers Grains and Solubles, Dried, Low Fat	Distillers Grains and Solubles, High Protein
CP, % DM	6.97	46.69	23.31	30.20	30.97	38.99
Arg, % CP	11.40	11.57	10.81	4.30	4.30	4.30
His, % CP	3.32	2.72	2.81	2.66	2.66	2.66
Ile, % CP	3.39	3.01	3.17	3.65	3.65	3.65
Leu, % CP	7.22	5.53	5.79	11.67	11.67	11.67
Lys, % CP	4.66	3.97	4.34	2.81	2.81	2.81
Met, % CP	1.83	1.39	1.49	1.98	1.98	1.98
Phe, % CP	5.63	5.27	5.20	4.87	4.87	4.87
Thr, % CP	3.81	3.05	3.21	3.73	3.73	3.73
Trp, % CP	1.42	1.22	1.18	0.80	0.80	0.80
Val, % CP	5.00	4.23	4.34	4.87	4.87	4.87
TFAs, % DM	3.14	3.06	18.26	11.39	7.90	6.56
C12:0, % TFA				0.12	0.12	0.12
C14:0, % TFA	0.70	0.94	0.69	0.14	0.14	0.14
C16:0, % TFA	23.13	25.80	23.91	14.05	14.05	14.05
C16:1, % TFA	0.65	0.52	0.55	0.13	0.13	0.13
C18:0, % TFA	3.25	2.95	2.33	2.39	2.39	2.39
C18:1 trans, % TFA		0.05		0.01	0.01	0.01
C18:1 cis, % TFA	19.29	18.33	15.24	24.57	24.57	24.57
C18:2, % TFA	51.56	50.20	56.48	56.11	56.11	56.11
C18:3, % TFA	0.53	0.30	0.19	1.68	1.68	1.68
Others, % TFA	0.89	0.92	0.61	0.81	0.81	0.81
Feed Name	Distillers Grains and Solubles, Modified Wet	Distillers Grains with Solubles, Wet	Distillers Solubles	Fat, Canola Oil	Fat, Corn Oil	Fat, Cottonseed Oil
CP, % DM	30.28	31.45	22.58
Arg, % CP	4.30	4.30	4.30
His, % CP	2.66	2.66	2.66
Ile, % CP	3.65	3.65	3.65
Leu, % CP	11.67	11.67	11.67
Lys, % CP	2.81	2.81	2.81
Met, % CP	1.98	1.98	1.98
Phe, % CP	4.87	4.87	4.87
Thr, % CP	3.73	3.73	3.73
Trp, % CP	0.80	0.80	0.80
Val, % CP	4.87	4.87	4.87
TFAs, % DM	8.35	8.31	9.99	88.00	88.00	88.00
C12:0, % TFA	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.10
C14:0, % TFA	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.10		0.83
C16:0, % TFA	15.00	15.00	15.00	4.36	11.08	25.97
C16:1, % TFA	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.28		0.57
C18:0, % TFA	2.50	2.50	2.50	2.05	1.55	3.00
C18:1 trans, % TFA	0.05	0.05	0.05	3.53
C18:1 cis, % TFA	18.00	18.00	18.00	57.28	26.95	20.16
C18:2, % TFA	55.00	55.00	55.00	18.99	58.95	48.93
C18:3, % TFA	8.00	8.00	8.00	7.64	1.10	0.10
Others, % TFA	0.80	0.80	0.80	5.67	0.38	0.44
Feed Name	Fat, Flaxseed Oil	Fat, Lard	Fat, Safflower Oil	Fat, Soybean Oil	Fat, Sunflower Oil	Fat, Tallow
CP, % DM
Arg, % CP
His, % CP
Ile, % CP
Leu, % CP
Lys, % CP
Met, % CP
Phe, % CP
Thr, % CP
Trp, % CP
Val, % CP
TFAs, % DM	88.00	88.00	88.00	88.00	88.00	88.00
C12:0, % TFA		0.20		0.11		0.09
C14:0, % TFA	0.16	1.30	0.10	0.11		3.00
C16:0, % TFA	5.74	23.80	10.77	10.83	7.33	24.43
C16:1, % TFA	0.18	2.70		0.14	0.09	3.79
C18:0, % TFA	4.30	13.50	11.97	3.89	10.65	17.92
C18:1 trans, % TFA					0.59	3.99
C18:1 cis, % TFA	18.88	41.20	14.33	22.82	43.39	41.62
C18:2, % TFA	14.15	10.20	60.63	53.75	35.49	1.09
C18:3, % TFA	55.95	1.00	0.30	8.23	0.79	0.53
Others, % TFA	0.64	6.10	1.90	0.13	1.67	3.54
Feed Name	Feather Meal	Fish Meal	Flaxseed	Flaxseed Meal	Fruit and Vegetable By-Product, Wet	Glycerol
CP, % DM	90.55	69.19	22.79	38.48	13.62
Arg, % CP	6.56	5.63	9.10	9.10	4.00
His, % CP	1.21	2.35	2.17	2.17	2.94
Ile, % CP	4.60	3.89	4.06	4.06	3.50
Leu, % CP	8.13	6.74	5.94	5.94	12.70
Lys, % CP	2.60	6.82	4.06	4.06	2.78
Met, % CP	0.70	2.53	1.76	1.76	2.50
Phe, % CP	4.77	3.73	4.63	4.63	4.72
Thr, % CP	4.53	3.89	3.65	3.65	3.59
Trp, % CP	0.76	0.96	1.48	1.48	0.69
Val, % CP	7.01	4.59	4.88	4.88	4.78
TFAs, % DM	7.85	6.44	33.41	3.08	6.13	5.24
C12:0, % TFA	0.34
C14:0, % TFA	1.09	10.35	0.16	0.16	0.26
C16:0, % TFA	24.33	28.46	5.74	5.74	13.57
C16:1, % TFA	6.51	13.01	0.18	0.18	0.19
C18:0, % TFA	8.27	6.00	4.30	4.30	1.83
C18:1 trans, % TFA	1.09	0.20
C18:1 cis, % TFA	32.51	10.97	18.88	18.88	25.99
C18:2, % TFA	13.19	1.09	14.15	14.15	55.08
C18:3, % TFA	0.54	0.96	55.95	55.95	1.64
Others, % TFA	12.13	28.96	0.64	0.64	1.44
Feed Name	Grain Screenings, Source Unknown	Grain Sorghum Hay	Grain Sorghum Silage, Mature	Grain Sorghum Silage, Mid-Maturity	Grass–Legume Mixtures, Mix Hay	Grass–Legume Mixtures, Mix Silage
CP, % DM	16.18	8.81	8.22	8.89	12.12	17.68
Arg, % CP	5.00	4.07	4.07	4.07	4.51	3.47
His, % CP	2.67	2.47	2.47	2.47	1.79	1.68
Ile, % CP	3.26	3.91	3.91	3.91	3.78	3.76
Leu, % CP	10.12	13.04	13.04	13.04	6.79	6.24
Lys, % CP	3.60	2.64	2.64	2.64	4.29	3.85
Met, % CP	1.86	1.93	1.93	1.93	1.43	1.29
Phe, % CP	4.65	5.24	5.24	5.24	4.34	4.28
Thr, % CP	3.84	3.59	3.59	3.59	3.99	3.59
Trp, % CP	0.81	1.16	1.16	1.16	1.37	1.01
Val, % CP	4.42	5.00	5.00	5.00	4.88	4.95
TFAs, % DM	2.91	1.36	1.93	1.56	1.37	2.03
C12:0, % TFA		2.86	2.86	2.86	1.15	9.27
C14:0, % TFA		0.89	0.89	0.89	0.62	0.60
C16:0, % TFA	14.14	20.64	20.64	20.64	18.98	17.79
C16:1, % TFA		0.43	0.43	0.43	1.77	1.79
C18:0, % TFA	2.05	2.42	2.42	2.42	2.79	2.65
C18:1 trans, % TFA				0.00	0.17
C18:1 cis, % TFA	23.72	10.18	10.18	10.18	1.85	2.93
C18:2, % TFA	56.43	30.37	30.37	30.37	33.21	17.94
C18:3, % TFA	1.97	25.53	25.53	25.53	33.39	41.51
Others, % TFA	1.68	6.68	6.68	6.68	6.08	5.54
Feed Name	Grass–Legume Mixtures, Predominantly Grass, Hay, Mature	Grass–Legume Mixtures, Predominantly Grass, Hay, Mid-Maturity	Grass–Legume Mixtures, Predominantly Grass, Silage	Grass–Legume Mixtures, Predominantly Legume, Hay, Immature	Grass–Legume Mixtures, Predominantly Legume, Hay, Mature	Grass–Legume Mixtures, Predominantly Legume, Silage
CP, % DM	10.85	4.28	14.34	20.35	17.38	20.04
Arg, % CP	4.47	4.47	3.47	4.50	4.50	3.47
His, % CP	1.79	1.79	1.68	1.79	1.79	1.68
Ile, % CP	3.75	3.75	3.76	3.79	3.79	3.76
Leu, % CP	6.76	6.76	6.24	6.81	6.81	6.24
Lys, % CP	4.25	4.25	3.85	4.31	4.31	3.85
Met, % CP	1.43	1.43	1.29	1.43	1.43	1.29
Phe, % CP	4.34	4.34	4.28	4.34	4.34	4.28
Thr, % CP	3.98	3.98	3.59	4.00	4.00	3.59
Trp, % CP	1.36	1.36	1.01	1.38	1.38	1.01
Val, % CP	4.86	4.86	4.95	4.89	4.89	4.95
TFAs, % DM	1.29	1.93	1.98	1.78	1.23	1.99
C12:0, % TFA	1.15	1.15	9.27	1.15	1.15	9.27
C14:0, % TFA	0.62	0.62	0.60	0.62	0.62	0.60
C16:0, % TFA	18.98	18.98	17.79	18.98	18.98	17.79
C16:1, % TFA	1.77	1.77	1.79	1.77	1.77	1.79
C18:0, % TFA	2.79	2.79	2.65	2.79	2.79	2.65
C18:1 trans, % TFA	0.17	0.17		0.17	0.17
C18:1 cis, % TFA	1.85	1.85	2.93	1.85	1.85	2.93
C18:2, % TFA	33.21	33.21	17.94	33.21	33.21	17.94
C18:3, % TFA	33.39	33.39	41.51	33.39	33.39	41.51
Others, % TFA	6.08	6.08	5.54	6.08	6.08	5.54
Feed Name	Legume Hay, Immature	Legume Hay, Mature	Legume Hay, Mid-Maturity	Legume Silage, Immature	Legume Silage, Mid-Maturity	Meat and Bone Meal, Porcine
CP, % DM	21.54	18.11	20.75	22.06	20.47	56.63
Arg, % CP	4.20	4.20	4.20	1.76	1.76	7.01
His, % CP	1.93	1.93	1.93	1.92	1.92	1.58
Ile, % CP	3.92	3.92	3.92	4.15	4.15	2.57
Leu, % CP	6.69	6.69	6.69	6.74	6.74	5.42
Lys, % CP	4.81	4.81	4.81	4.72	4.72	4.58
Met, % CP	1.33	1.33	1.33	1.35	1.35	1.25
Phe, % CP	4.59	4.59	4.59	4.35	4.35	3.13
Thr, % CP	4.03	4.03	4.03	3.83	3.83	2.92
Trp, % CP	1.38	1.38	1.38	1.19	1.19	0.54
Val, % CP	4.97	4.97	4.97	5.08	5.08	3.88
TFAs, % DM	1.54	1.21	1.50	1.98	2.32	7.45
C12:0, % TFA	1.36	1.36	1.36	11.98	11.98	0.08
C14:0, % TFA	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.66	0.66	1.68
C16:0, % TFA	25.01	25.01	25.01	18.81	18.81	29.47
C16:1, % TFA	2.23	2.23	2.23	1.91	1.91	2.41
C18:0, % TFA	4.01	4.01	4.01	3.35	3.35	17.50
C18:1 trans, % TFA	0.35	0.35	0.35			1.27
C18:1 cis, % TFA	2.43	2.43	2.43	2.05	2.05	40.43
C18:2, % TFA	18.49	18.49	18.49	15.91	15.91	3.70
C18:3, % TFA	36.79	36.79	36.79	38.71	38.71	0.08
Others, % TFA	8.47	8.47	8.47	6.63	6.63	3.38
Feed Name	Millet Hay	Millet Silage	Molasses	Oat Grain, Rolled	Oat Hay	Oat Hulls
CP, % DM	10.74	13.02	9.27	12.17	8.49	5.01
Arg, % CP	4.10	3.06	4.91	6.49	2.18	6.74
His, % CP	1.94	1.66	1.59	1.91	1.94	2.25
Ile, % CP	3.96	3.57	4.44	3.74	5.50	3.57
Leu, % CP	7.39	6.12	3.59	7.16	6.65	7.29
Lys, % CP	4.85	3.28	1.00	3.86	3.56	4.11
Met, % CP	1.64	1.21	0.22	1.70	1.87	1.71
Phe, % CP	4.78	4.37	2.71	4.84	4.70	5.04
Thr, % CP	4.10	3.34	1.57	3.51	4.13	3.41
Trp, % CP	2.09	1.07	0.45	1.49	1.42	1.32
Val, % CP	5.22	4.89	3.36	5.26	4.13	4.96
TFAs, % DM	1.09	1.47	0.00	4.80	1.45	1.82
C12:0, % TFA	2.86	2.86			1.19
C14:0, % TFA	0.89	0.89		0.87	0.43
C16:0, % TFA	20.64	20.64	17.99	17.65	16.44	19.72
C16:1, % TFA	0.43	0.43	0.34	0.16	0.48
C18:0, % TFA	2.42	2.42	3.61	1.32	1.33	2.51
C18:1 trans, % TFA					0.06	2.56
C18:1 cis, % TFA	10.18	10.18	12.98	34.78	2.53	34.23
C18:2, % TFA	30.37	30.37	54.94	42.01	23.38	37.67
C18:3, % TFA	25.53	25.53	7.46	1.85	49.90	2.40
Others, % TFA	6.68	6.68	2.68	1.38	4.26	0.91
Feed Name	Oat Silage, Immature	Oat Silage, Mid-Maturity	Pea Hay	Pea Silage	Peanut Hay	Peanut Hulls
CP, % DM	18.51	12.92	15.90	17.04	12.01	8.89
Arg, % CP	2.18	2.18	3.87	3.87	3.87	5.70
His, % CP	1.94	1.94	1.69	1.69	1.69	2.20
Ile, % CP	5.50	5.50	3.73	3.73	3.73	3.30
Leu, % CP	6.65	6.65	6.00	6.00	6.00	5.70
Lys, % CP	3.56	3.56	4.48	4.48	4.48	4.10
Met, % CP	1.87	1.87	1.37	1.37	1.37	9.00
Phe, % CP	4.70	4.70	4.18	4.18	4.18	3.50
Thr, % CP	4.13	4.13	3.83	3.83	3.83	3.00
Trp, % CP	1.42	1.42	0.93	0.93	0.93	1.00
Val, % CP	4.13	4.13	5.00	5.00	5.00	4.40
TFAs, % DM	2.24	1.77	1.69	1.68	1.31	3.21
C12:0, % TFA	6.56	6.56	0.43	0.43	0.43
C14:0, % TFA	0.54	0.54	0.28	0.28	0.28
C16:0, % TFA	16.76	16.76	17.97	17.97	17.97	9.24
C16:1, % TFA	1.67	1.67	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.08
C18:0, % TFA	1.94	1.94	6.71	6.71	6.71	2.32
C18:1 trans, % TFA
C18:1 cis, % TFA	3.80	3.80	19.74	19.74	19.74	66.61
C18:2, % TFA	19.96	19.96	38.88	38.88	38.88	19.30
C18:3, % TFA	44.30	44.30	12.98	12.98	12.98	2.45
Others, % TFA	4.46	4.46	2.85	2.85	2.85	0.00
Feed Name	Peanut Meal, Expellers	Peanut Skins	Peanuts	Peas	Pineapple Cannery Waste	Potato By-Product Meal
CP, % DM	42.62	16.19	25.55	24.28	7.02	9.99
Arg, % CP	11.01	6.60	11.01	8.69		2.47
His, % CP	2.22	3.30	2.22	2.44		1.84
Ile, % CP	3.21	2.30	3.21	4.13		3.14
Leu, % CP	6.14	5.90	6.14	7.18		5.34
Lys, % CP	3.21	5.50	3.21	7.23		4.21
Met, % CP	1.03	0.90	1.03	0.89		0.95
Phe, % CP	4.81	3.20	4.81	4.79		3.62
Thr, % CP	2.56	2.60	2.56	3.71		3.11
Trp, % CP	1.03	1.00	1.03	0.89		0.67
Val, % CP	3.88	3.00	3.88	4.65		4.40
TFAs, % DM	7.31	18.61	41.24	1.14	0.94	1.78
C12:0, % TFA						0.35
C14:0, % TFA				0.30		0.49
C16:0, % TFA	9.24	9.24	9.24	23.00		12.18
C16:1, % TFA	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.10		0.55
C18:0, % TFA	2.32	2.32	2.32	1.50		10.70
C18:1 trans, % TFA						31.21
C18:1 cis, % TFA	66.61	66.61	66.61	13.50		35.65
C18:2, % TFA	19.30	19.30	19.30	55.90		5.12
C18:3, % TFA	2.45	2.45	2.45	4.30		1.15
Others, % TFA	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.30		2.60
Feed Name	Poultry By-Product Meal	Rice, Grain	Rice Bran	Rice Bran, Defatted	Rice Hulls	Rice Silage, Headed
CP, % DM	65.62	8.11	14.81	18.54	3.69	7.12
Arg, % CP	7.00	8.22	7.74	7.74	7.74	2.18
His, % CP		2.52	2.75	2.75	2.75	1.94
Ile, % CP	4.25	3.92	3.76	3.76	3.76	5.50
Leu, % CP	7.91	8.16	7.14	7.14	7.14	6.65
Lys, % CP	4.41	3.59	4.73	4.73	4.73	3.56
Met, % CP	1.39	2.70	2.18	2.18	2.18	1.87
Phe, % CP		5.15	4.45	4.45	4.45	4.70
Thr, % CP	4.41	3.58	3.88	3.88	3.88	4.13
Trp, % CP		1.29	1.22	1.22	1.22	1.42
Val, % CP	5.94	5.53	5.72	5.72	5.72	4.13
TFAs, % DM	11.78	1.24	12.00	2.16	0.27	1.62
C12:0, % TFA		0.08				6.56
C14:0, % TFA		0.57	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.54
C16:0, % TFA		14.65	17.53	17.53	17.53	16.76
C16:1, % TFA		0.24	0.21	0.21	0.21	1.67
C18:0, % TFA		1.54	1.56	1.56	1.56	1.94
C18:1 trans, % TFA
C18:1 cis, % TFA		32.53	39.10	39.10	39.10	3.80
C18:2, % TFA		29.05	38.11	38.11	38.11	19.96
C18:3, % TFA		1.21	1.46	1.46	1.46	44.30
Others, % TFA		20.13	1.75	1.75	1.75	4.46
Feed Name	Rice Silage, Vegetative	Rumen-Protected Lysine	Rumen-Protected Methionine	Rye Annual Fresh, Immature	Rye Annual Fresh, Mid-Maturity	Rye Annual Hay, Immature
CP, % DM	8.27			27.50	20.48	22.89
Arg, % CP	2.18			4.10	4.10	4.10
His, % CP	1.94			1.94	1.94	1.94
Ile, % CP	5.50			3.96	3.96	3.96
Leu, % CP	6.65			7.39	7.39	7.39
Lys, % CP	3.56	100		4.85	4.85	4.85
Met, % CP	1.87		100	1.64	1.64	1.64
Phe, % CP	4.70			4.78	4.78	4.78
Thr, % CP	4.13			4.10	4.10	4.10
Trp, % CP	1.42			2.09	2.09	2.09
Val, % CP	4.13			5.22	5.22	5.22
TFAs, % DM	1.47			3.07	2.44	2.53
C12:0, % TFA	6.56			0.84	0.84	4.60
C14:0, % TFA	0.54			0.24	0.24	3.30
C16:0, % TFA	16.76			13.49	13.49	26.20
C16:1, % TFA	1.67					1.70
C18:0, % TFA	1.94			1.07	1.07	5.40
C18:1 trans, % TFA
C18:1 cis, % TFA	3.80			2.07	2.07	11.00
C18:2, % TFA	19.96			13.34	13.34	18.40
C18:3, % TFA	44.30			66.49	66.49	9.40
Others, % TFA	4.46			2.46	2.46	20.00
Feed Name	Rye Annual Hay, Mature	Rye Annual, Hay, Mid-Maturity	Rye Annual Silage, Immature	Rye Annual Silage, Mature	Rye Annual Silage, Mid-Maturity	Rye Grain
CP, % DM	7.62	11.99	16.41	8.28	14.43	11.80
Arg, % CP	4.10	4.10	3.06	3.06	3.06	5.00
His, % CP	1.94	1.94	1.66	1.66	1.66	2.34
Ile, % CP	3.96	3.96	3.57	3.57	3.57	3.19
Leu, % CP	7.39	7.39	6.12	6.12	6.12	6.17
Lys, % CP	4.85	4.85	3.28	3.28	3.28	3.62
Met, % CP	1.64	1.64	1.21	1.21	1.21	1.60
Phe, % CP	4.78	4.78	4.37	4.37	4.37	4.36
Thr, % CP	4.10	4.10	3.34	3.34	3.34	3.30
Trp, % CP	2.09	2.09	1.07	1.07	1.07	1.06
Val, % CP	5.22	5.22	4.89	4.89	4.89	4.57
TFAs, % DM	1.01	1.47	1.95	1.25	1.68	1.45
C12:0, % TFA	4.60	4.60	0.66	0.66	0.66
C14:0, % TFA	3.30	3.30	1.87	1.87	1.87	0.18
C16:0, % TFA	26.20	26.20	20.40	20.40	20.40	15.93
C16:1, % TFA	1.70	1.70	1.19	1.19	1.19	0.59
C18:0, % TFA	5.40	5.40	2.25	2.25	2.25	0.53
C18:1 trans, % TFA
C18:1 cis, % TFA	11.00	11.00	5.14	5.14	5.14	16.46
C18:2, % TFA	18.40	18.40	19.12	19.12	19.12	56.32
C18:3, % TFA	9.40	9.40	39.07	39.07	39.07	9.23
Others, % TFA	20.00	20.00	10.30	10.30	10.30	0.76
Feed Name	Safflower Meal	Sorghum Forage Silage, Immature	Sorghum Forage Silage, Mature	Sorghum Grain, Dry, Ground	Sorghum Grain, Steam-Flaked	Sorghum Hay
CP, % DM	26.21	11.74	11.30	12.48	12.48	10.18
Arg, % CP	8.31	4.07	4.07	3.83	3.83	4.10
His, % CP	2.46	2.47	2.47	2.25	2.25	1.94
Ile, % CP	3.52	3.91	3.91	4.11	4.11	3.96
Leu, % CP	6.23	13.04	13.04	13.11	13.11	7.39
Lys, % CP	3.09	2.64	2.64	2.22	2.22	4.85
Met, % CP	1.48	1.93	1.93	1.74	1.74	1.64
Phe, % CP	4.41	5.24	5.24	5.15	5.15	4.78
Thr, % CP	3.14	3.59	3.59	3.31	3.31	4.10
Trp, % CP	0.93	1.16	1.16	1.20	1.20	2.09
Val, % CP	4.96	5.00	5.00	5.28	5.28	5.22
TFAs, % DM	3.88	1.74	1.44	2.92	2.92	1.24
C12:0, % TFA		2.86	2.86	0.04	0.04	2.86
C14:0, % TFA		0.89	0.89	0.08	0.08	0.89
C16:0, % TFA	5.40	20.64	20.64	17.16	17.16	20.64
C16:1, % TFA		0.43	0.43	0.63	0.63	0.43
C18:0, % TFA	1.60	2.42	2.42	1.65	1.65	2.42
C18:1 trans, % TFA
C18:1 cis, % TFA	13.20	10.18	10.18	29.70	29.70	10.18
C18:2, % TFA	79.50	30.37	30.37	48.18	48.18	30.37
C18:3, % TFA	0.30	25.53	25.53	1.61	1.61	25.53
Others, % TFA		6.68	6.68	0.95	0.95	6.68
Feed Name	Sorghum Soybean Silage	Sorghum–Sudangrass Hay	Sorghum–Sudangrass Silage	Soybean Hay	Soybean Hulls	Soybean Meal, Expellers
CP, % DM	11.66	9.81	12.25	20.08	11.88	47.60
Arg, % CP	3.87	4.10	3.06	3.87	5.21	7.29
His, % CP	1.69	1.94	1.66	1.69	2.61	2.62
Ile, % CP	3.73	3.96	3.57	3.73	3.70	4.54
Leu, % CP	6.00	7.39	6.12	6.00	6.30	7.59
Lys, % CP	4.48	4.85	3.28	4.48	6.30	6.12
Met, % CP	1.37	1.64	1.21	1.37	1.09	1.34
Phe, % CP	4.18	4.78	4.37	4.18	3.87	5.05
Thr, % CP	3.83	4.10	3.34	3.83	3.61	3.90
Trp, % CP	0.93	2.09	1.07	0.93	1.34	1.34
Val, % CP	5.00	5.22	4.89	5.00	4.37	4.73
TFAs, % DM	1.81	1.10	1.63	1.91	1.61	6.12
C12:0, % TFA	0.43	2.86	2.86	0.43
C14:0, % TFA	0.28	0.89	0.89	0.28	1.47	0.07
C16:0, % TFA	17.97	20.64	20.64	17.97	16.22	11.55
C16:1, % TFA	0.15	0.43	0.43	0.15	0.28	0.09
C18:0, % TFA	6.71	2.42	2.42	6.71	7.03	3.71
C18:1 trans, % TFA					0.70	1.42
C18:1 cis, % TFA	19.74	10.18	10.18	19.74	15.90	18.13
C18:2, % TFA	38.88	30.37	30.37	38.88	42.66	54.77
C18:3, % TFA	12.98	25.53	25.53	12.98	13.11	9.52
Others, % TFA	2.85	6.68	6.68	2.85	2.64	0.75
Feed Name	Soybean Meal, Extruded	Soybean Meal, Solvent Extracted, 48% CP	Soybean Silage	Soybeans, Whole Raw	Soybeans, Whole Roasted	Spelt Grain
CP, % DM	40.43	52.64	17.99	39.98	40.02	12.90
Arg, % CP	7.29	7.29	3.87	7.25	7.25	4.79
His, % CP	2.62	2.64	1.69	2.61	2.61	2.15
Ile, % CP	4.54	4.54	3.73	4.53	4.53	3.45
Leu, % CP	7.59	7.63	6.00	7.58	7.58	6.54
Lys, % CP	6.12	6.16	4.48	6.14	6.14	2.76
Met, % CP	1.34	1.38	1.37	1.33	1.33	1.54
Phe, % CP	5.05	5.03	4.18	5.03	5.03	4.45
Thr, % CP	3.90	3.95	3.83	3.89	3.89	2.95
Trp, % CP	1.34	1.38	0.93	1.33	1.33	1.36
Val, % CP	4.73	4.76	5.00	4.72	4.72	4.44
TFAs, % DM	15.08	1.08	2.86	16.99	15.35	1.66
C12:0, % TFA			0.43	0.58	0.00
C14:0, % TFA	0.07	0.83	0.28	0.20	0.11	0.23
C16:0, % TFA	11.55	17.28	17.97	11.93	11.80	19.50
C16:1, % TFA	0.09		0.15	0.08	0.07
C18:0, % TFA	3.71	4.45	6.71	4.05	4.30	1.08
C18:1 trans, % TFA	1.42	0.43
C18:1 cis, % TFA	18.13	13.22	19.74	21.99	23.58	14.66
C18:2, % TFA	54.77	54.16	38.88	52.43	52.36	60.20
C18:3, % TFA	9.52	8.43	12.98	7.59	6.99	4.32
Others, % TFA	0.75	1.20	2.85	1.17	0.79
Feed Name	Sudangrass Hay, Mature	Sudangrass Hay, Mid-Maturity	Sudangrass Silage, Mature	Sudangrass Silage, Mid-Maturity	Sugarcane Bagasse Hay	Sugarcane Bagasse Silage
CP, % DM	8.08	14.73	9.54	13.37	3.89	4.99
Arg, % CP	4.10	4.10	3.06	3.06	2.83	2.83
His, % CP	1.94	1.94	1.66	1.66	1.00	1.00
Ile, % CP	3.96	3.96	3.57	3.57	2.83	2.83
Leu, % CP	7.39	7.39	6.12	6.12	5.49	5.49
Lys, % CP	4.85	4.85	3.28	3.28	2.83	2.83
Met, % CP	1.64	1.64	1.21	1.21	0.67	0.67
Phe, % CP	4.78	4.78	4.37	4.37	3.50	3.50
Thr, % CP	4.10	4.10	3.34	3.34	2.83	2.83
Trp, % CP	2.09	2.09	1.07	1.07	4.50	4.50
Val, % CP	5.22	5.22	4.89	4.89	3.83	3.83
TFAs, % DM	0.99	1.05	1.53	1.61	0.72	0.91
C12:0, % TFA	2.86	2.86	2.86	2.86	1.19	1.19
C14:0, % TFA	0.89	0.89	0.89	0.89	0.43	0.43
C16:0, % TFA	20.64	20.64	20.64	20.64	16.44	16.44
C16:1, % TFA	0.43	0.43	0.43	0.43	0.48	0.48
C18:0, % TFA	2.42	2.42	2.42	2.42	1.33	1.33
C18:1 trans, % TFA					0.06	0.06
C18:1 cis, % TFA	10.18	10.18	10.18	10.18	2.53	2.53
C18:2, % TFA	30.37	30.37	30.37	30.37	23.38	23.38
C18:3, % TFA	25.53	25.53	25.53	25.53	49.90	49.90
Others, % TFA	6.68	6.68	6.68	6.68	4.26	4.26
Feed Name	Sunflower Meal	Sunflower Seed	Sunflower Silage	Sweet Corn Cannery Waste	Tapioca (Cassava)	Tomato Pomace
CP, % DM	37.01	20.07	13.27	9.80	2.50	19.30
Arg, % CP	8.03	7.99	3.87	2.32	4.00	11.5
His, % CP	2.44	2.49	1.69	1.71	1.60	3.9
Ile, % CP	4.00	3.91	3.73	3.41	3.20	4.1
Leu, % CP	6.22	6.12	6.00	8.54	5.20	7.1
Lys, % CP	3.50	3.70	4.48	2.80	4.00	8
Met, % CP	2.19	2.13	1.37	1.59	1.20	2.3
Phe, % CP	4.50	4.47	4.18	3.90	3.20	5.8
Thr, % CP	3.63	3.59	3.83	3.41	3.60	3.3
Trp, % CP	1.28	1.41	0.93	0.73	0.80
Val, % CP	4.84	4.78	5.00	4.51	4.00	4.4
TFAs, % DM	1.02	37.20	3.06	3.81	0.48	12.30
C12:0, % TFA			0.43	0.31
C14:0, % TFA	0.76	0.10	0.28	0.46
C16:0, % TFA	11.59	5.20	17.97	17.83	38.50
C16:1, % TFA		0.10	0.15	0.36
C18:0, % TFA	4.37	4.10	6.71	2.42
C18:1 trans, % TFA				0.00
C18:1 cis, % TFA	41.93	39.40	19.74	19.24	38.50
C18:2, % TFA	38.71	47.90	38.88	47.74	13.30
C18:3, % TFA	0.59	0.40	12.98	8.25	6.60
Others, % TFA	2.05	2.80	2.85	3.40	3.10
Feed Name	Triticale Grain	Triticale Hay	Triticale Plus Pea Silage	Triticale Silage, Mature	Triticale Silage, Mid-Maturity	Urea
CP, % DM	12.05	10.33	15.98	14.16	17.78	281.00
Arg, % CP	4.91	3.84	3.84	3.84	3.84
His, % CP	2.28	2.53	2.53	2.53	2.53
Ile, % CP	3.25	3.04	3.04	3.04	3.04
Leu, % CP	6.40	5.86	5.86	5.86	5.86
Lys, % CP	3.16	1.83	1.83	1.83	1.83
Met, % CP	1.67	1.31	1.31	1.31	1.31
Phe, % CP	4.56	4.78	4.78	4.78	4.78
Thr, % CP	3.07	2.14	2.14	2.14	2.14
Trp, % CP	1.05	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.03
Val, % CP	4.30	3.68	3.68	3.68	3.68
TFAs, % DM	1.55	1.46	2.13	2.48	2.38
C12:0, % TFA		1.12	1.12	1.12	1.12
C14:0, % TFA	0.23	0.42	0.42	0.42	0.42
C16:0, % TFA	19.50	11.42	11.42	11.42	11.42
C16:1, % TFA		2.23	2.23	2.23	2.23
C18:0, % TFA	1.08	0.92	0.92	0.92	0.92
C18:1 trans, % TFA
C18:1 cis, % TFA	14.66	1.49	1.49	1.49	1.49
C18:2, % TFA	59.45	14.53	14.53	14.53	14.53
C18:3, % TFA	4.32	62.82	62.82	62.82	62.82
Others, % TFA	0.76	5.06	5.06	5.06	5.06
Feed Name	Wheat Bran	Wheat Grain, Rolled	Wheat Hay, Headed	Wheat Hay, Vegetative	Wheat Middlings	Wheat Silage, Headed
CP, % DM	17.40	13.49	9.88	10.50	19.10	10.73
Arg, % CP	6.94	4.79	2.02	2.02	6.65	2.02
His, % CP	2.75	2.15	3.60	3.60	2.61	3.60
Ile, % CP	3.19	3.45	4.01	4.01	3.11	4.01
Leu, % CP	6.21	6.54	6.64	6.64	6.09	6.64
Lys, % CP	4.05	2.76	4.21	4.21	3.98	4.21
Met, % CP	1.46	1.54	1.77	1.77	1.49	1.77
Phe, % CP	3.91	4.45	4.24	4.24	3.98	4.24
Thr, % CP	3.19	2.95	4.21	4.21	3.17	4.21
Trp, % CP	1.84	1.36	1.03	1.03	1.43	1.03
Val, % CP	4.82	4.44	5.80	5.80	4.53	5.80
TFAs, % DM	4.02	1.78	1.01	0.89	3.85	1.53
C12:0, % TFA			1.19	1.19		6.56
C14:0, % TFA	0.10	0.23	0.43	0.43	0.10	0.54
C16:0, % TFA	17.05	19.50	16.44	16.44	17.09	16.76
C16:1, % TFA			0.48	0.48	0.12	1.67
C18:0, % TFA	1.08	1.08	1.33	1.33	1.17	1.94
C18:1 trans, % TFA			0.06	0.06
C18:1 cis, % TFA	17.81	14.66	2.53	2.53	17.69	3.80
C18:2, % TFA	59.09	60.20	23.38	23.38	57.78	19.96
C18:3, % TFA	4.73	4.32	49.90	49.90	4.71	44.30
Others, % TFA	0.14		4.26	4.26	1.34	4.46
Feed Name	Wheat Silage, Vegetative	Wheat Straw	Whey, Dry	Whey, Wet
CP, % DM	13.35	4.50	17.83	7.42
Arg, % CP	2.02	2.02	2.75	2.17
His, % CP	3.60	3.60	1.83	1.65
Ile, % CP	4.01	4.01	5.07	5.39
Leu, % CP	6.64	6.64	8.78	9.04
Lys, % CP	4.21	4.21	6.94	7.22
Met, % CP	1.77	1.77	1.40	1.39
Phe, % CP	4.24	4.24	3.23	2.96
Thr, % CP	4.21	4.21	5.46	6.17
Trp, % CP	1.03	1.03		1.57
Val, % CP	5.80	5.80	4.80	5.13
TFAs, % DM	1.42	0.55	5.27	0.97
C12:0, % TFA	6.56	1.19	0.72	0.72
C14:0, % TFA	0.54	0.43	6.75	6.75
C16:0, % TFA	16.76	16.44	35.74	35.74
C16:1, % TFA	1.67	0.48	0.94	0.94
C18:0, % TFA	1.94	1.33	17.81	17.81
C18:1 trans, % TFA		0.06	2.64	2.64
C18:1 cis, % TFA	3.80	2.53	27.08	27.08
C18:2, % TFA	19.96	23.38	6.89	6.89
C18:3, % TFA	44.30	49.90
Others, % TFA	4.46	4.26	1.42	1.42

a: AA and individual FA data were provided by Cornell University (Higgs et al., 2015). Because data originated from a single source, the number of samples and standard deviation are not presented in the table.

TABLE 19-3Composition of Inorganic Mineral Sources and Element Absorption Coefficients for Dairy Cattle on a 100 Percent DM Basis^a,b,c,d,e,f

Mineral Source	Mineral	%	Absorption Coefficient
CALCIUM SOURCES
Bone meal (NRC16F1011)
Primary mineral	Ca	31.0	0.60
Secondary mineral	P	12.9	0.80
Minor mineral 1	Na	5.7	1.00
Minor mineral 2	Fe	2.7	0.01
Minor mineral 3	S	2.5	N/A
Calcium carbonate, CaCO₃ (NRC16F1003)
Primary mineral	Ca	39.4	0.50
Calcium chloride anhydrous, CaCl₂ (NRC16F1004)
Primary mineral	Ca	36.1	0.60
Secondary mineral	Cl	63.9	0.92
Calcium chloride dihydrate, CaCl₂ · 2H₂O (NRC16F1005)
Primary mineral	Ca	27.5	0.60
Secondary mineral	Cl	48.2	0.92
Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)₂ (NRC16F1006)
Primary mineral	Ca	54.1	0.60
Calcium oxide, CaO (NRC16F1009)
Primary mineral	Ca	71.5	0.33
Calcium phosphate (dibasic), CaHPO₄ (NRC16F1007)
Primary mineral	Ca	22.0	0.60
Secondary mineral	P	19.3	0.75
Minor mineral 1	Fe	1.4	0.01
Calcium phosphate (monobasic), Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ (NRC16F1008)
Primary mineral	Ca	16.4	0.60
Secondary mineral	P	21.6	0.80
Minor mineral 1	Fe	1.6	0.01
Calcium sulfate dihydrate, CaSO₄ · 2H₂O (NRC16F1010)
Primary mineral	Ca	23.3	0.60
Secondary mineral	S	23.5	N/A
Dolomite limestone (magnesium) (NRC16F1012)
Primary mineral	Ca	22.3	0.45
Secondary mineral	Mg	10.0	0.12
Limestone, ground (NRC16F1013)
Primary mineral	Ca	35.0	0.45
Secondary mineral	Mg	1.0	0.12
Oystershell, ground (NRC16F1014)
Primary mineral	Ca	38.0	0.50
Phosphate, Curacao (NRC16F1024)
Primary mineral	Ca	35.1	0.45
Secondary mineral	P	14.1	0.85
Phosphate, defluorinated (NRC16F1025)
Primary mineral	Ca	32.0	0.45
Secondary mineral	P	18.0	0.65
Minor mineral 1	Na	4.9	1.00
CHLORIDE SOURCES
Ammonium chloride, NH₄Cl (NRC16F1069)
Primary mineral	Cl	66.3	0.92
Calcium chloride anhydrous, CaCl₂ (NRC16F1004)
Primary mineral	Cl	63.9	0.92
Secondary mineral	Ca	36.1	0.60
Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, MgCl₂ · 6H₂O (NRC16F1015)
Primary mineral	Cl	34.9	0.92
Secondary mineral	Mg	12.0	0.27
Potassium chloride, KCl (NRC16F1016)
Primary mineral	Cl	50.0	0.92
Secondary mineral	K	50.0	1.00
Sodium chloride (salt), NaCl (NRC16F1017)
Primary mineral	Cl	60.7	0.92
Secondary mineral	Na	39.3	1.00
COBALT SOURCES
Cobalt carbonate, CoCO₃ (NRC16F1038)
Primary mineral	Co	46.0	N/A
Cobalt carbonate hexahydrate, CoCO₃ · 6H₂O (NRC16F1039)
Primary mineral	Co	25.9	N/A
Cobalt chloride hexahydrate, CoCl₂ · 6H₂O (NRC16F1040)
Primary mineral	Co	24.8	N/A
Secondary mineral	Cl	29.8	0.92
Cobalt sulfate heptahydrate, CoSO₄ · 7H₂O (NRC16F1041)
Primary mineral	Co	21.0	N/A
Secondary mineral	S	11.4	N/A
COPPER SOURCES
Copper chloride dihydrate, CuCl₂ · 2H₂O (NRC16F1043)
Primary mineral	Cu	37.2	0.05
Secondary mineral	Cl	41.7	0.92
Copper oxide, CuO (NRC16F1045)
Primary mineral	Cu	79.9	0.005
Copper sulfate pentahydrate, CuSO₄ · 5H₂O (NRC16F1044)
Primary mineral	Cu	25.5	0.05
Secondary mineral	S	12.8	N/A
IODINE SOURCES
Calcium iodate, Ca(IO₃)₂ (NRC16F1048)
Primary mineral	I	63.5	N/A
Secondary mineral	Ca	10.0	0.60
Ethylenediamine dihydroiodide (EDDI) (NRC16F1047)
Primary mineral	I	80.3	N/A
Potassium iodide, KI (NRC16F1031)
Primary mineral	I	68.8	N/A
Secondary mineral	K	21.0	1.00
IRON SOURCES
Ferrous carbonate, FeCO₃ (NRC16F1051)
Primary mineral	Fe	38.0	0.10
Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, FeSO₄ · 7H₂O (NRC16F1049)
Primary mineral	Fe	21.8	0.20
Secondary mineral	S	12.4	N/A
Ferrous sulfate monohydrate, FeSO₄ · H₂O (NRC16F1050)
Primary mineral	Fe	32.9	0.20
Secondary mineral	S	18.9	N/A
Iron oxide, FeO (NRC16F1052)
Primary mineral	Fe	60.0	0.01
MAGNESIUM SOURCES
Dolomite limestone (magnesium) (NRC16F1012)
Primary mineral	Mg	10.0	0.12
Secondary mineral	Ca	22.0	0.45
Magnesium carbonate, MgCO₃ (NRC16F1018)
Primary mineral	Mg	30.8	0.23
Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, MgCl₂ · 6H₂O (NRC16F1015)
Primary mineral	Mg	12.0	0.27
Secondary mineral	Cl	34.9	0.92
Magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)₂ (NRC16F1019)
Primary mineral	Mg	41.7	0.23
Magnesium oxide, MgO (NRC16F1020)
Primary mineral	Mg	56.2	0.23
Secondary mineral	Ca	< 1	0.45
Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, MgSO₄ · 7H₂O (NRC16F1021)
Primary mineral	Mg	9.8	0.27
Secondary mineral	S	13.3	N/A
MANGANESE SOURCES
Manganese carbonate, MnCO₃ (NRC16F1056)
Primary mineral	Mn	47.8	0.0015
Manganese chloride, MnCl₂ (NRC16F1054)
Primary mineral	Mn	43.0	0.005
Secondary mineral	Cl	56.3	0.92
Manganese chloride tetrahydrate, MnCl₂ · 4H₂O (NRC16F1055)
Primary mineral	Mn	27.7	0.005
Secondary mineral	Cl	35.8	0.92
Manganese oxide, MnO (NRC16F1059)
Primary mineral	Mn	77.5	0.003
Manganese sulfate monohydrate, MnSO₄ · H₂O (NRC16F1057)
Primary mineral	Mn	32.5	0.005
Secondary mineral	S	19.0	N/A
Manganese sulfate pentahydrate, MnSO₄ · 5H₂O (NRC16F1058)
Primary mineral	Mn	22.8	0.005
Secondary mineral	S	13.3	N/A
PHOSPHORUS SOURCES
Ammonium phosphate (dibasic), (NH₄)₂HPO₄ (NRC16F1022)
Primary mineral	P	20.6	0.80
Minor mineral 1	S	2.2	N/A
Minor mineral 2	Fe	1.2	0.01
Ammonium phosphate (monobasic), (NH₄)H₂PO₄ (NRC16F1023)
Primary mineral	P	24.7	0.80
Minor mineral 1	S	1.5	N/A
Minor mineral 2	Fe	1.7	0.01
Bone meal (NRC16F1011)
Primary mineral	P	12.9	0.80
Secondary mineral	Ca	31.0	0.60
Minor mineral 1	Na	5.7	1.00
Minor mineral 2	Fe	2.7	0.01
Minor mineral 3	S	2.5	N/A
Calcium phosphate (dibasic), CaHPO₄ (NRC16F1007)
Primary mineral	P	19.3	0.75
Secondary mineral	Ca	22.0	0.60
Minor mineral 1	Fe	1.4	0.01
Calcium phosphate (monobasic), Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ (NRC16F1008)
Primary mineral	P	21.6	0.80
Secondary mineral	Ca	16.4	0.60
Minor mineral 1	Fe	1.6	0.01
Phosphate, Curacao (NRC16F1024)
Primary mineral	P	14.1	0.85
Secondary mineral	Ca	35.1	0.45
Phosphate, defluorinated (NRC16F1025)
Primary mineral	P	18.0	0.65
Secondary mineral	Ca	32.0	0.45
Minor mineral 1	Na	4.9	1.00
Phosphate, monosodium (NaH₂PO₄ · H₂O) (NRC16F1026)
Primary mineral	P	22.5	0.90
Secondary mineral	Na	16.7	1.00
Phosphoric acid, H₃PO₄ (NRC16F1027)
Primary mineral	P	31.6	0.90
Sodium tripolyphosphate, Na₅P₃O₁₀ (NRC16F1028)
Primary mineral	P	25.0	0.75
Secondary mineral	Na	31.0	1.00
POTASSIUM SOURCES
Potassium bicarbonate, KHCO₃ (NRC16F1029)
Primary mineral	K	39.1	1.00
Potassium carbonate, K₂CO₃ (NRC16F1030)
Primary mineral	K	56.6	1.00
Potassium chloride, KCl (NRC16F1016)
Primary mineral	K	50.0	1.00
Secondary mineral	Cl	50.0	0.92
Potassium sulfate, K₂SO₄ (NRC16F1032)
Primary mineral	K	41.8	1.00
Secondary mineral	S	17.4	N/A
SELENIUM SOURCES
Selenite, sodium, Na₂SeO₃ (NRC16F1061)
Primary mineral	Se	45.6	N/A
Secondary mineral	Na	36.6	1.00
Selenate, sodium decahydrate, Na₂SeO₄ · 10H₂O (NRC16F1062)
Primary mineral	Se	21.4	N/A
Secondary mineral	Na	12.5	1.00
SODIUM SOURCES
Sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO₃ (NRC16F1033)
Primary mineral	Na	27.0	1.00
Sodium carbonate monohydrate, NaCO₃ · H₂O (NRC16F1034)
Primary mineral	Na	37.1	1.00
Sodium chloride (salt), NaCl (NRC16F1017)
Primary mineral	Na	39.3	1.00
Secondary mineral	Cl	60.7	0.92
Sodium sesquicarbonate dehydrate, Na₂CO₃ + NaHCO₃ · 2H₂O (NRC16F1035)
Primary mineral	Na	30.5	1.00
SULFUR SOURCES
Ammonium sulfate, (NH₄)₂SO₄ (NRC16F1037)
Primary mineral	S	24.1	N/A
Calcium sulfate dihydrate, CaSO₄ · 2H₂O (NRC16F1010)
Primary mineral	S	23.5	N/A
Secondary mineral	Ca	23.3	0.60
Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, MgSO₄ · 7H₂O (NRC16F1021)
Primary mineral	S	13.3	N/A
Secondary mineral	Mg	9.8	0.27
Potassium sulfate, K₂SO₄ (NRC16F1032)
Primary mineral	S	17.4	N/A
Secondary mineral	K	41.8	1.00
Sodium sulfate, Na₂SO₄ (NRC16F1036)
Primary mineral	S	10.0	N/A
Secondary mineral	Na	14.3	1.00
ZINC SOURCES
Zinc carbonate, ZnCO₃ (NRC16F1064)
Primary mineral	Zn	52.1	0.20
Zinc chloride, ZnCl₂ (NRC16F1065)
Primary mineral	Zn	48.0	0.20
Secondary mineral	Cl	52.0	0.92
Zinc oxide, ZnO (NRC16F1066)
Primary mineral	Zn	78.0	0.16
Zinc sulfate monohydrate, ZnSO₄ · H₂O (NRC16F1067)
Primary mineral	Zn	36.4	0.20
Secondary mineral	S	17.7	N/A

a: DM = 100 percent except phosphoric acid = 75 percent.
b: Mineral concentrations <1 percent not shown.
c: N/A = not applicable.
d: For Mg, absorption coefficients assume 1.2 percent K in diet.
e: Ash content for all sources is equal to 100 percent except for the following: bone meal = 79 percent; ammonium phosphate (dibasic), (NH₄)₂HPO₄ = 36 percent; ammonium phosphate (monobasic), (NH₄)H₂PO₄ = 36 percent; ammonium sulfate, (NH₄)₂SO₄ = 33 percent.
f: Feeds containing detectable concentrations of nitrogen have the following CP content: bone meal = 13.2 percent; ammonium phosphate (dibasic), (NH₄)₂HPO₄ = 115.9 percent; ammonium phosphate (monobasic), (NH₄)H₂PO₄ = 70.9 percent; ammonium sulfate, (NH₄)₂SO₄ = 134.1 percent; the CP in these feeds is assumed to be 100 percent A fraction.

REFERENCES

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Footnotes

1: See https://animalnutrition.org.
2: The National Research Support Project (NRSP-9) was started in 2010 and is supported by the Experiment Station Committee on Organization and Policy, the State Agricultural Experiment Stations, and Hatch Funds provided by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Division on Earth and Life Studies; Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources; Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle: Eighth Revised Edition. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2021 Aug 30. 19, Nutrient Composition of Feeds.
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