Dietary Intake Datafrom the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 1991–1997

Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients

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Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2001.

Cover of Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc

Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc.

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EDietary Intake Datafrom the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 1991–1997

TABLE E-1Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Vitamin K (μg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	1st	5th
Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo	204	111.39	0.01	0.11
Standard error		4.73	0.05	0.14
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	139	95.12	0.40	4.57
Standard error		6.96	0.00	0.38
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	1,908	32.11	2.89	5.97
Standard error		1.03	0.19	0.11
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	1,711	36.64	4.54	8.71
Standard error		1.17	0.30	0.12
M 9 to 13 y	574	48.08	8.51	11.35
Standard error		2.06	0.44	0.18
M 14 to 18 y	474	65.58	5.46	12.39
Standard error		4.34	0.57	0.28
M 19 to 30 y	920	69.47	5.72	11.55
Standard error		2.59	0.47	0.22
M 31 to 50 y	1,805	81.15	4.31	11.81
Standard error		2.18	0.30	0.18
M 51 to 70 y	1,680	95.47	4.19	11.10
Standard error		3.35	0.35	0.19
M 71+ y	722	81.58	3.89	8.00
Standard error		3.87	0.51	0.21

10th	25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
9.52	47.96	98.58	124.98	156.01	189.39	270.99
0.76	0.83	0.43	0.41	0.60	1.02	2.43
8.10	17.20	71.48	110.89	138.01	174.22	300.69
0.41	0.50	0.83	0.43	0.76	1.31	4.57
8.51	11.87	17.89	26.67	43.27	74.11	130.96
0.09	0.07	0.07	0.09	0.17	0.32	0.59
11.44	15.45	21.98	31.78	48.19	75.64	129.14
0.09	0.08	0.08	0.09	0.16	0.32	0.72
14.33	19.46	29.03	44.01	68.21	99.01	167.13
0.21	0.15	0.15	0.21	0.32	0.54	1.41
16.42	22.90	34.10	54.40	87.08	136.98	266.04
0.24	0.18	0.19	0.27	0.40	0.96	2.05
17.26	26.34	39.93	63.03	96.41	148.37	262.23
0.20	0.15	0.15	0.19	0.31	0.62	1.46
18.65	27.91	44.07	71.39	116.26	186.22	332.43
0.14	0.12	0.12	0.16	0.24	0.51	1.03
17.90	27.07	44.06	74.38	134.39	252.35	429.42
0.14	0.12	0.13	0.17	0.33	0.67	1.13
13.29	23.30	38.36	64.60	116.93	219.68	404.46
0.21	0.19	0.17	0.25	0.45	0.89	1.66

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	1st	5th
F 9 to 13 y	586	43.63	5.44	9.11
Standard error		2.30	0.57	0.22
F 14 to 18 y	455	50.96	3.17	7.05
Standard error		3.18	0.62	0.22
F 19 to 30 y	880	56.87	4.24	7.65
Standard error		2.78	0.38	0.17
F 31 to 50 y	1,733	73.43	4.30	10.01
Standard error		2.42	0.34	0.16
F 51 to 70 y	1,605	82.85	3.89	8.49
Standard error		2.90	0.29	0.17
F 71+ y	669	79.42	2.06	6.47
Standard error		4.20	0.40	0.22
F Pregnant	81	46.37	5.62	10.71
Standard error		4.69	0.00	0.86
F Lactating	44	85.43	0.00	12.65
Standard error		17.85	0.00	1.37
All Individuals	15,941	66.05	3.44	8.24
Standard error		0.74	0.10	0.05
All Indiv (+P/L)	16,065	66.01	3.46	8.26
Standard error		0.74	0.10	0.05

10th	25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
12.64	17.06	24.10	36.70	57.87	89.57	180.64
0.19	0.14	0.14	0.18	0.30	0.61	1.77
11.03	16.83	27.00	43.01	67.99	112.05	216.91
0.24	0.19	0.19	0.23	0.38	0.87	1.88
11.96	18.20	29.19	46.96	76.47	124.47	240.14
0.19	0.13	0.14	0.18	0.31	0.55	1.51
14.79	20.68	34.25	59.02	103.07	179.95	347.92
0.11	0.10	0.11	0.15	0.25	0.57	1.07
14.58	22.60	37.25	64.78	120.67	215.82	394.82
0.13	0.11	0.12	0.17	0.32	0.62	1.05
11.34	19.37	33.20	61.84	116.75	227.76	395.35
0.21	0.18	0.18	0.26	0.53	0.94	1.84
14.11	17.69	26.26	44.57	68.09	110.45	165.89
0.48	0.38	0.45	0.57	0.85	2.21	4.52
18.50	23.78	33.07	60.77	129.08	286.29	510.99
0.91	0.59	0.61	1.21	1.86	7.99	12.56
12.45	18.65	30.51	53.14	95.41	159.43	302.27
0.04	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.08	0.16	0.35
12.48	18.66	30.50	53.10	95.35	159.30	301.84
0.04	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.08	0.16	0.35

a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

TABLE E-2Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Arsenic (μg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	1st	5th
Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo	204	1.17	0.00	0.00
Standard error		0.14	0.00	0.00
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	139	5.87	0.00	0.13
Standard error		2.04	0.00	0.12
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	1,908	13.80	0.09	0.28
Standard error		1.31	0.05	0.03
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	1,711	17.25	0.15	0.32
Standard error		1.46	0.06	0.03
M 9 to 13 y	574	28.32	0.11	0.37
Standard error		4.90	0.12	0.06
M 14 to 18 y	474	29.77	0.13	0.36
Standard error		5.95	0.11	0.06
M 19 to 30 y	920	36.17	0.10	0.35
Standard error		3.77	0.09	0.04
M 31 to 50 y	1,805	56.30	0.13	0.38
Standard error		3.95	0.06	0.03
M 51 to 70 y	1,680	63.24	0.05	0.30
Standard error		4.27	0.05	0.04
M 71+ y	722	60.31	0.06	0.27
Standard error		6.41	0.08	0.05
F 9 to 13 y	586	19.67	0.13	0.31
Standard error		3.10	0.11	0.06
F 14 to 18 y	455	24.39	0.08	0.24
Standard error		3.79	0.12	0.05
F 19 to 30 y	880	32.99	0.10	0.26
Standard error		3.58	0.08	0.04
F 31 to 50 y	1,733	39.39	0.09	0.25
Standard error		2.85	0.05	0.03
F 51 to 70 y	1,605	53.96	0.06	0.26
Standard error		3.97	0.05	0.04
F 71+ y	669	44.45	0.06	0.22
Standard error		5.42	0.08	0.05
F Pregnant	81	27.61	0.33	0.38
Standard error		10.45	0.00	0.13
F Lactating	44	29.73	0.00	0.35
Standard error		11.01	0.00	0.45
All Individuals	15,941	37.93	0.03	0.25
Standard error		1.02	0.01	0.01
All Indiv (+P/L)	16,065	37.86	0.03	0.25
Standard error		1.01	0.01	0.01

10th	25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
0.00	0.00	0.16	0.77	2.07	4.95	7.20
0.00	0.00	0.05	0.06	0.16	0.23	0.43
0.34	0.68	1.38	2.49	4.72	8.62	41.55
0.08	0.09	0.09	0.10	0.21	0.57	2.60
0.48	0.83	1.75	3.79	11.23	32.82	103.28
0.02	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.13	0.28	0.89
0.53	0.90	1.70	3.87	14.67	44.88	158.83
0.03	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.17	0.31	1.01
0.61	1.07	1.89	5.22	22.87	65.50	234.10
0.05	0.05	0.05	0.12	0.35	0.71	2.65
0.61	1.01	1.95	5.28	20.12	69.43	245.28
0.05	0.05	0.06	0.12	0.37	1.01	2.90
0.59	1.06	2.55	7.99	38.45	112.06	323.83
0.04	0.04	0.05	0.12	0.37	0.74	1.83
0.68	1.26	2.89	9.91	54.42	209.97	554.39
0.03	0.03	0.04	0.10	0.30	0.91	1.32
0.63	1.18	2.63	11.70	74.55	251.96	586.92
0.03	0.03	0.04	0.13	0.36	0.95	1.50
0.51	0.95	2.01	8.91	66.80	237.84	596.56
0.05	0.04	0.05	0.19	0.50	1.45	2.01
0.48	0.75	1.48	3.82	15.63	53.95	166.30
0.04	0.04	0.05	0.10	0.29	0.72	1.80
0.41	0.76	1.73	4.82	18.66	73.48	246.51
0.05	0.05	0.06	0.13	0.36	0.93	2.16
0.46	0.85	1.91	5.66	30.21	93.76	355.42
0.04	0.04	0.05	0.11	0.35	0.68	2.00
0.47	0.93	2.11	7.48	40.65	122.39	403.66
0.03	0.03	0.04	0.09	0.25	0.65	1.34
0.50	0.92	2.02	7.89	54.91	219.60	521.01
0.03	0.03	0.04	0.11	0.33	0.92	1.35
0.45	0.83	1.73	5.04	41.26	158.11	451.34
0.05	0.04	0.05	0.12	0.45	1.50	1.72
0.54	1.03	2.17	8.74	32.55	69.02	193.49
0.14	0.13	0.17	0.53	0.94	1.64	8.18
0.89	1.53	2.95	6.63	47.36	129.29	299.80
0.26	0.22	0.33	0.42	1.98	4.46	11.43
0.49	0.92	1.98	5.81	32.47	113.75	388.39
0.01	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.08	0.21	0.46
0.49	0.92	1.98	5.82	32.50	113.34	387.04
0.01	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.08	0.21	0.46

a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

TABLE E-3Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Copper (mg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	1st	5th
Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo	204	0.63	0.00	0.02
Standard error		0.02	0.03	0.04
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	139	0.65	0.05	0.11
Standard error		0.04	0.00	0.07
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	1,908	0.49	0.08	0.15
Standard error		0.01	0.04	0.02
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	1,711	0.63	0.16	0.24
Standard error		0.01	0.04	0.02
M 9 to 13 y	574	0.85	0.23	0.34
Standard error		0.03	0.08	0.04
M 14 to 18 y	474	0.96	0.22	0.34
Standard error		0.02	0.10	0.04
M 19 to 30 y	920	1.10	0.18	0.32
Standard error		0.04	0.08	0.03
M 31 to 50 y	1,805	1.13	0.15	0.32
Standard error		0.05	0.06	0.03
M 51 to 70 y	1,680	1.11	0.14	0.28
Standard error		0.04	0.06	0.03
M 71+ y	722	0.91	0.11	0.22
Standard error		0.04	0.08	0.04
F 9 to 13 y	586	0.70	0.19	0.27
Standard error		0.02	0.10	0.04
F 14 to 18 y	455	0.71	0.12	0.22
Standard error		0.02	0.06	0.04
F 19 to 30 y	880	0.73	0.15	0.23
Standard error		0.02	0.06	0.03
F 31 to 50 y	1,733	0.79	0.13	0.22
Standard error		0.03	0.05	0.02
F 51 to 70 y	1,605	0.76	0.11	0.22
Standard error		0.03	0.05	0.02
F 71+ y	669	0.79	0.11	0.21
Standard error		0.05	0.07	0.03
F Pregnant	81	0.86	0.21	0.28
Standard error		0.05	0.00	0.09
F Lactating	44	0.96	0.00	0.31
Standard error		0.07	0.00	0.17
All Individuals	15,941	0.82	0.10	0.22
Standard error		0.01	0.02	0.01
All Indiv (+P/L)	16,065	0.82	0.11	0.22
Standard error		0.01	0.02	0.01

10th	25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
0.08	0.30	0.58	0.72	0.90	1.06	1.34
0.04	0.06	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.08	0.15
0.15	0.26	0.54	0.74	0.90	1.05	1.26
0.04	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.08	0.18
0.21	0.28	0.39	0.51	0.67	0.82	1.01
0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.03
0.31	0.38	0.49	0.64	0.80	0.96	1.20
0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.05
0.41	0.51	0.66	0.85	1.09	1.32	1.69
0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.09
0.44	0.57	0.76	1.02	1.31	1.63	2.04
0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.06	0.11
0.44	0.59	0.79	1.09	1.46	1.92	2.56
0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.11
0.45	0.59	0.80	1.06	1.41	1.80	2.52
0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.08
0.39	0.53	0.73	0.99	1.31	1.63	3.25
0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.18
0.31	0.45	0.63	0.87	1.14	1.45	2.57
0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.22
0.34	0.43	0.56	0.71	0.88	1.06	1.43
0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.09
0.30	0.41	0.55	0.72	0.95	1.21	1.57
0.04	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.06	0.11
0.31	0.41	0.55	0.76	1.00	1.22	1.53
0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.07
0.30	0.40	0.56	0.75	0.99	1.25	1.64
0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.06
0.31	0.40	0.54	0.72	0.94	1.19	1.73
0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.10
0.27	0.36	0.50	0.68	0.89	1.08	2.91
0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.31
0.35	0.47	0.67	0.93	1.25	1.48	1.75
0.09	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.09	0.08	0.30
0.43	0.60	0.80	0.94	1.25	1.71	2.55
0.00	0.11	0.07	0.07	0.14	0.23	0.22
0.30	0.41	0.57	0.79	1.07	1.39	1.92
0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.02
0.30	0.41	0.57	0.79	1.07	1.39	1.92
0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.02

a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

TABLE E-4Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Iodine (mg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	1st	5th
Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo	204	0.08	0.00	0.00
Standard error		0.00	0.02	0.01
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	139	0.14	0.00	0.02
Standard error		0.01	0.00	0.04
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	1,908	0.30	0.05	0.10
Standard error		0.00	0.03	0.01
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	1,711	0.38	0.09	0.13
Standard error		0.01	0.03	0.01
M 9 to 13 y	574	0.49	0.09	0.15
Standard error		0.01	0.04	0.03
M 14 to 18 y	474	0.53	0.09	0.15
Standard error		0.02	0.04	0.03
M 19 to 30 y	920	0.41	0.05	0.11
Standard error		0.01	0.04	0.02
M 31 to 50 y	1,805	0.37	0.06	0.12
Standard error		0.01	0.03	0.01
M 51 to 70 y	1,680	0.33	0.05	0.11
Standard error		0.00	0.04	0.01
M 71+ y	722	0.30	0.05	0.10
Standard error		0.01	0.04	0.02
F 9 to 13 y	586	0.38	0.08	0.13
Standard error		0.01	0.06	0.02
F 14 to 18 y	455	0.33	0.06	0.09
Standard error		0.01	0.05	0.02
F 19 to 30 y	880	0.29	0.04	0.08
Standard error		0.01	0.04	0.02
F 31 to 50 y	1,733	0.26	0.04	0.08
Standard error		0.00	0.03	0.01
F 51 to 70 y	1,605	0.24	0.05	0.08
Standard error		0.00	0.03	0.01
F 71+ y	669	0.23	0.05	0.08
Standard error		0.01	0.03	0.02
F Pregnant	81	0.37	0.05	0.12
Standard error		0.02	0.00	0.05
F Lactating	44	0.41	0.00	0.11
Standard error		0.04	0.00	0.07
All Individuals	15,941	0.32	0.04	0.09
Standard error		0.00	0.01	0.00
All Indiv (+P/L)	16,065	0.33	0.04	0.09
Standard error		0.00	0.01	0.00

10th	25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
0.01	0.04	0.07	0.09	0.12	0.15	0.18
0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.04
0.05	0.08	0.11	0.14	0.20	0.24	0.33
0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.11
0.13	0.16	0.22	0.30	0.42	0.54	0.75
0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.04
0.16	0.20	0.27	0.38	0.56	0.73	0.96
0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.04
0.20	0.25	0.33	0.46	0.73	1.03	1.30
0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.09
0.20	0.26	0.34	0.49	0.73	1.14	1.60
0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.07	0.11
0.16	0.22	0.30	0.41	0.57	0.77	1.15
0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.04	0.08
0.16	0.21	0.29	0.39	0.51	0.65	0.87
0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.04
0.15	0.20	0.26	0.35	0.45	0.54	0.66
0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.03
0.13	0.18	0.24	0.31	0.40	0.48	0.70
0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.07
0.16	0.21	0.27	0.38	0.54	0.72	0.95
0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.07
0.11	0.16	0.22	0.32	0.49	0.70	0.97
0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.06	0.09
0.11	0.15	0.21	0.29	0.40	0.56	0.79
0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.06
0.11	0.15	0.20	0.27	0.35	0.46	0.61
0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.03
0.11	0.14	0.19	0.25	0.32	0.40	0.54
0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.04
0.10	0.14	0.19	0.24	0.31	0.38	0.51
0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.06
0.14	0.20	0.29	0.38	0.51	0.65	0.86
0.05	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.06	0.11	0.17
0.14	0.21	0.29	0.41	0.58	0.76	1.35
0.12	0.08	0.05	0.07	0.11	0.23	0.42
0.12	0.17	0.23	0.33	0.46	0.62	0.86
0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01
0.12	0.17	0.23	0.33	0.46	0.62	0.86
0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01

a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

TABLE E-5Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Iron (mg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	1st	5th
Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo	204	13.71	0.02	0.42
Standard error		0.60	0.09	0.19
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	139	15.92	0.82	2.65
Standard error		0.83	0.00	0.34
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	1,908	9.86	1.37	2.85
Standard error		0.12	0.14	0.09
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	1,711	12.27	2.90	4.63
Standard error		0.14	0.25	0.08
M 9 to 13 y	574	16.54	4.04	6.39
Standard error		0.34	0.42	0.17
M 14 to 18 y	474	18.60	3.72	6.35
Standard error		0.50	0.48	0.18
M 19 to 30 y	920	17.00	2.70	5.47
Standard error		0.31	0.29	0.15
M 31 to 50 y	1,805	16.03	2.67	5.38
Standard error		0.19	0.24	0.10
M 51 to 70 y	1,680	14.89	2.16	5.03
Standard error		0.18	0.25	0.10
M 71+ y	722	13.77	2.34	4.34
Standard error		0.28	0.38	0.15
F 9 to 13 y	586	12.54	3.10	4.73
Standard error		0.24	0.40	0.14
F 14 to 18 y	455	12.30	2.36	3.68
Standard error		0.37	0.31	0.16
F 19 to 30 y	880	11.99	2.28	3.63
Standard error		0.22	0.23	0.12
F 31 to 50 y	1,733	11.00	1.82	3.53
Standard error		0.14	0.20	0.08
F 51 to 70 y	1,605	10.79	1.88	3.47
Standard error		0.14	0.19	0.09
F 71+ y	669	10.76	1.73	3.12
Standard error		0.22	0.23	0.14
F Pregnant	81	14.74	3.10	5.43
Standard error		0.95	0.00	0.62
F Lactating	44	17.33	0.00	5.89
Standard error		1.37	0.00	0.70
All Individuals	15,941	13.03	1.74	3.83
Standard error		0.06	0.07	0.03
All Indiv (+P/L)	16,065	13.05	1.75	3.84
Standard error		0.06	0.07	0.03

10th	25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
1.63	5.04	11.04	15.08	21.48	28.03	33.20
0.21	0.26	0.17	0.16	0.27	0.36	0.55
4.05	6.61	12.59	17.54	22.75	30.23	40.30
0.28	0.23	0.22	0.22	0.29	0.57	1.26
4.13	5.47	7.46	10.44	14.03	17.78	22.31
0.06	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.10	0.17
5.82	7.36	9.59	12.79	16.74	21.54	27.41
0.06	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.07	0.12	0.20
7.94	9.81	12.74	16.99	23.38	28.19	37.26
0.12	0.09	0.09	0.11	0.15	0.24	0.45
8.06	10.26	13.75	18.73	26.30	34.94	45.69
0.13	0.12	0.10	0.12	0.20	0.30	0.50
7.43	9.74	12.85	17.41	23.80	30.42	41.23
0.10	0.07	0.07	0.09	0.13	0.19	0.37
7.29	9.39	12.49	16.57	22.07	29.11	36.88
0.08	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.08	0.14	0.21
6.67	8.48	11.51	15.57	20.98	26.70	33.76
0.07	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.09	0.14	0.21
5.80	7.74	10.39	14.12	19.36	25.64	32.96
0.10	0.08	0.07	0.08	0.13	0.19	0.34
6.04	7.58	9.96	13.20	17.10	21.43	26.92
0.11	0.08	0.08	0.09	0.11	0.23	0.34
5.06	6.84	9.21	12.49	16.93	22.58	29.76
0.14	0.09	0.09	0.10	0.16	0.26	0.46
4.99	6.58	9.14	12.53	16.39	21.70	29.92
0.09	0.07	0.06	0.07	0.10	0.20	0.33
4.71	6.26	8.41	11.33	15.26	19.83	26.68
0.06	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.07	0.12	0.23
4.72	6.11	8.27	11.23	15.22	19.42	24.68
0.05	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.07	0.11	0.20
4.45	6.08	8.20	11.26	15.32	19.68	24.62
0.10	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.12	0.19	0.28
6.65	8.49	11.04	14.15	19.74	33.86	38.77
0.19	0.26	0.21	0.24	0.39	0.83	0.69
6.62	8.14	12.36	19.68	26.28	33.92	38.17
0.43	0.26	0.44	0.57	0.42	1.09	0.98
5.27	7.03	9.74	13.51	18.48	24.26	31.65
0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.07
5.28	7.04	9.75	13.53	18.51	24.32	31.76
0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.07

a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

TABLE E-6Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Manganese (mg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	1st	5th
Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo	204	0.22	0.00	0.00
Standard error		0.02	0.00	0.00
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	139	0.79	0.00	0.11
Standard error		0.04	0.00	0.11
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	1,908	1.60	0.17	0.45
Standard error		0.02	0.07	0.03
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	1,711	1.89	0.40	0.63
Standard error		0.02	0.08	0.03
M 9 to 13 y	574	2.48	0.53	0.82
Standard error		0.05	0.13	0.06
M 14 to 18 y	474	2.89	0.60	0.81
Standard error		0.08	0.14	0.06
M 19 to 30 y	920	3.07	0.31	0.71
Standard error		0.07	0.14	0.06
M 31 to 50 y	1,805	3.27	0.41	0.79
Standard error		0.05	0.09	0.04
M 51 to 70 y	1,680	3.07	0.29	0.73
Standard error		0.04	0.10	0.04
M 71+ y	722	2.82	0.36	0.63
Standard error		0.06	0.10	0.06
F 9 to 13 y	586	2.05	0.46	0.72
Standard error		0.04	0.16	0.06
F 14 to 18 y	455	2.13	0.34	0.57
Standard error		0.07	0.13	0.07
F 19 to 30 y	880	2.34	0.34	0.57
Standard error		0.05	0.09	0.05
F 31 to 50 y	1,733	2.43	0.34	0.64
Standard error		0.03	0.08	0.03
F 51 to 70 y	1,605	2.42	0.34	0.66
Standard error		0.03	0.08	0.04
F 71+ y	669	2.35	0.25	0.57
Standard error		0.05	0.12	0.06
F Pregnant	81	2.87	0.69	0.79
Standard error		0.18	0.00	0.15
F Lactating	44	3.30	0.00	0.80
Standard error		0.28	0.00	0.25
All Individuals	15,941	2.43	0.07	0.49
Standard error		0.01	0.02	0.01
All Indiv (+P/L)	16,065	2.43	0.07	0.49
Standard error		0.01	0.02	0.01

10th	25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
0.00	0.00	0.06	0.21	0.44	0.65	0.95
0.00	0.01	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.07	0.15
0.23	0.36	0.57	0.80	1.15	1.66	2.28
0.08	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.08	0.19	0.20
0.63	0.87	1.22	1.71	2.32	2.96	3.64
0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.06
0.84	1.09	1.48	2.00	2.67	3.32	4.11
0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.08
1.07	1.40	1.91	2.59	3.50	4.52	5.71
0.05	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.06	0.10	0.13
1.05	1.48	2.17	3.04	4.15	5.32	7.04
0.06	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.07	0.11	0.22
1.06	1.51	2.17	3.15	4.52	6.01	8.15
0.04	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.06	0.09	0.16
1.14	1.58	2.31	3.42	4.83	6.32	8.33
0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.06	0.12
1.07	1.56	2.26	3.30	4.55	5.66	6.85
0.04	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.06	0.09
0.97	1.41	2.13	3.09	4.22	5.23	6.36
0.05	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.09	0.12
0.90	1.18	1.57	2.14	2.93	3.59	4.58
0.04	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.09	0.14
0.81	1.09	1.55	2.20	3.00	3.90	5.23
0.05	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.11	0.20
0.82	1.12	1.64	2.45	3.53	4.59	5.95
0.04	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.07	0.14
0.86	1.20	1.77	2.58	3.60	4.63	5.88
0.03	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.09
0.89	1.25	1.82	2.59	3.54	4.46	5.65
0.03	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.09
0.86	1.19	1.75	2.60	3.47	4.30	5.22
0.05	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.08	0.13
1.06	1.39	2.10	3.13	4.18	5.88	6.88
0.14	0.12	0.13	0.12	0.16	0.40	0.36
1.04	1.55	2.56	3.42	5.16	5.79	8.55
0.33	0.18	0.19	0.18	0.24	0.22	0.49
0.79	1.15	1.71	2.53	3.65	4.79	6.20
0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.03
0.79	1.15	1.72	2.54	3.65	4.80	6.21
0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.03

a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

TABLE E-7Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Nickel (μg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	1st	5th
Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo	204	8.96	0.00	0.00
Standard error		1.03	0.00	0.00
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	139	39.33	0.00	4.92
Standard error		2.23	0.00	0.74
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	1,908	81.75	6.57	18.89
Standard error		1.24	0.47	0.21
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	1,711	99.29	17.03	30.52
Standard error		1.36	0.48	0.23
M 9 to 13 y	574	127.91	24.84	42.00
Standard error		2.92	1.15	0.44
M 14 to 18 y	474	136.87	16.03	32.21
Standard error		3.95	1.19	0.55
M 19 to 30 y	920	139.71	9.64	25.69
Standard error		3.33	0.74	0.33
M 31 to 50 y	1,805	147.23	13.35	31.05
Standard error		2.41	0.51	0.28
M 51 to 70 y	1,680	140.74	9.88	26.61
Standard error		2.15	0.55	0.26
M 71+ y	722	135.58	10.89	24.04
Standard error		3.13	0.69	0.43
F 9 to 13 y	586	108.69	19.74	31.28
Standard error		2.48	0.98	0.36
F 14 to 18 y	455	101.36	13.12	24.71
Standard error		3.29	0.73	0.51
F 19 to 30 y	880	107.25	13.12	24.84
Standard error		2.37	0.65	0.33
F 31 to 50 y	1,733	106.17	11.15	23.27
Standard error		1.60	0.53	0.21
F 51 to 70 y	1,605	109.36	12.75	27.76
Standard error		1.63	0.58	0.25
F 71+ y	669	108.97	10.19	27.23
Standard error		2.40	0.95	0.37
F Pregnant	81	120.76	19.41	26.36
Standard error		8.10	0.00	1.11
F Lactating	44	162.19	0.00	33.97
Standard error		16.90	0.00	2.94
All Individuals	15,941	114.16	1.03	20.15
Standard error		0.62	0.10	0.09
All Indiv (+P/L)	16,065	114.33	1.09	20.24
Standard error		0.62	0.10	0.09

10th	25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
0.00	0.00	0.23	5.16	20.35	37.15	51.83
0.00	0.00	0.07	0.26	0.42	0.74	0.70
12.39	17.76	27.22	41.79	58.05	79.72	113.17
0.52	0.30	0.33	0.36	0.57	1.07	1.66
27.38	39.77	59.69	85.82	120.99	155.12	198.55
0.14	0.13	0.12	0.14	0.20	0.27	0.52
38.85	51.77	73.78	104.25	144.15	183.76	231.61
0.15	0.14	0.13	0.16	0.22	0.32	0.64
53.35	69.75	97.34	134.79	179.94	228.54	293.55
0.33	0.28	0.26	0.29	0.41	0.67	1.23
49.11	67.89	97.55	140.45	200.81	281.32	352.81
0.43	0.31	0.31	0.37	0.52	0.97	1.25
40.53	61.37	93.53	143.95	208.64	287.08	398.16
0.33	0.23	0.23	0.28	0.38	0.71	1.26
46.83	66.49	100.12	151.98	223.17	299.03	392.21
0.20	0.17	0.17	0.20	0.30	0.44	0.88
41.33	63.94	100.51	149.37	215.60	276.92	353.50
0.21	0.18	0.17	0.20	0.29	0.41	0.74
39.56	62.58	97.52	142.65	211.21	268.70	331.36
0.35	0.28	0.25	0.32	0.44	0.60	0.95
45.46	58.96	80.26	112.36	158.03	210.82	254.62
0.36	0.23	0.24	0.28	0.44	0.62	1.05
34.30	47.49	71.35	105.61	149.98	197.88	254.14
0.28	0.27	0.29	0.33	0.47	0.80	0.99
33.49	48.42	74.77	112.69	161.32	212.00	275.40
0.23	0.21	0.21	0.25	0.35	0.51	0.90
33.71	49.46	74.37	110.73	162.93	215.07	267.32
0.19	0.15	0.14	0.18	0.25	0.35	0.62
38.36	52.83	78.89	116.14	161.62	210.29	272.22
0.17	0.15	0.15	0.17	0.25	0.37	0.66
37.77	53.91	80.73	116.99	160.46	206.57	261.05
0.28	0.25	0.23	0.27	0.35	0.60	0.86
37.19	55.66	86.57	131.37	183.69	227.98	311.58
1.09	0.81	0.76	0.86	1.25	2.72	4.42
48.80	62.71	106.45	171.89	249.36	362.28	500.11
0.78	1.28	1.24	1.65	1.76	5.22	3.37
33.70	51.18	78.68	118.66	172.94	231.80	304.12
0.06	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.09	0.13	0.22
33.77	51.25	78.77	118.83	173.23	232.16	304.61
0.06	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.09	0.13	0.22

a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

TABLE E-8Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Silicon (mg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	1st	5th
Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo	204	51.33	0.13	0.73
Standard error		3.43	0.23	0.27
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	139	43.42	2.25	4.15
Standard error		3.37	0.00	0.43
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	1,908	15.34	3.16	5.20
Standard error		0.26	0.18	0.09
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	1,711	15.52	4.50	6.75
Standard error		0.15	0.27	0.08
M 9 to 13 y	574	20.13	5.75	8.10
Standard error		0.36	0.34	0.19
M 14 to 18 y	474	24.76	6.59	8.61
Standard error		0.70	0.49	0.17
M 19 to 30 y	920	41.87	4.31	7.64
Standard error		1.48	0.32	0.18
M 31 to 50 y	1,805	36.58	5.36	8.74
Standard error		0.80	0.26	0.12
M 51 to 70 y	1,680	30.58	4.86	8.27
Standard error		0.66	0.30	0.12
M 71+ y	722	24.46	3.28	6.23
Standard error		0.74	0.40	0.17
F 9 to 13 y	586	16.57	4.68	6.52
Standard error		0.29	0.31	0.17
F 14 to 18 y	455	17.10	3.85	5.59
Standard error		0.40	0.35	0.20
F 19 to 30 y	880	21.43	3.85	6.07
Standard error		0.60	0.29	0.14
F 31 to 50 y	1,733	20.63	4.12	6.32
Standard error		0.33	0.25	0.09
F 51 to 70 y	1,605	19.25	3.43	6.09
Standard error		0.26	0.20	0.12
F 71+ y	669	18.04	2.92	5.73
Standard error		0.35	0.29	0.19
F Pregnant	81	22.26	4.61	7.68
Standard error		1.26	0.00	0.61
F Lactating	44	26.77	0.00	8.75
Standard error		1.80	0.00	0.45
All Individuals	15,941	23.92	3.52	6.35
Standard error		0.19	0.08	0.03
All Indiv (+P/L)	16,065	23.92	3.53	6.36
Standard error		0.19	0.08	0.03

10th	25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
4.16	19.00	34.59	44.47	77.45	133.32	182.03
0.34	0.47	0.24	0.29	0.88	0.67	2.49
6.50	10.64	28.82	40.95	65.89	114.13	151.76
0.36	0.34	0.43	0.30	0.91	1.17	1.85
6.64	8.69	11.60	15.44	20.37	25.92	34.80
0.06	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.08	0.12	0.27
8.06	10.00	12.76	16.38	20.76	25.04	30.59
0.07	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.07	0.11	0.19
10.09	12.89	16.54	21.24	26.81	33.08	40.27
0.14	0.11	0.09	0.11	0.15	0.26	0.38
10.93	14.06	19.37	25.58	33.02	41.43	55.10
0.15	0.14	0.13	0.13	0.19	0.34	0.62
10.61	14.93	22.53	34.98	62.77	105.67	165.58
0.13	0.11	0.11	0.15	0.30	0.49	0.78
11.94	16.10	22.86	32.84	52.44	80.41	122.98
0.10	0.08	0.07	0.09	0.17	0.27	0.55
11.07	14.82	20.70	28.71	40.93	60.48	96.85
0.09	0.08	0.07	0.08	0.13	0.29	0.54
9.26	12.56	17.85	24.79	33.00	43.08	62.36
0.15	0.11	0.10	0.12	0.16	0.29	0.67
8.33	10.74	13.81	17.39	22.33	36.34	32.69
0.15	0.10	0.08	0.09	0.14	0.17	0.37
7.57	10.16	13.59	18.27	23.18	28.50	35.84
0.18	0.10	0.11	0.12	0.15	0.26	0.45
7.79	10.54	14.72	20.65	29.63	40.63	61.02
0.11	0.09	0.09	0.10	0.16	0.28	0.63
8.36	10.92	15.18	21.11	28.49	36.65	51.17
0.08	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.10	0.16	0.38
8.50	11.27	15.07	20.41	26.30	32.65	41.12
0.09	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.09	0.14	0.26
7.71	10.39	14.07	19.38	25.27	30.65	39.73
0.12	0.10	0.09	0.10	0.13	0.22	0.39
8.93	11.64	17.45	23.85	32.86	38.96	45.60
0.08	0.40	0.31	0.31	0.56	0.56	1.53
11.30	15.66	21.92	28.51	37.01	50.20	56.93
0.75	0.64	0.46	0.50	0.63	0.21	0.53
8.44	11.15	15.53	22.08	31.98	46.27	79.63
0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.07	0.17
8.45	11.15	15.55	22.11	32.01	46.21	79.28
0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.07	0.17

a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

TABLE E-9Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Zinc (mg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997)

Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	Percentile
Sex/Age Category^a	Number of Persons Examined	Mean	1st	5th
Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo	204	6.00	0.00	0.10
Standard error		0.22	0.05	0.10
Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo	139	6.30	0.21	0.76
Standard error		0.22	0.00	0.26
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y	1,908	7.29	1.53	2.70
Standard error		0.08	0.18	0.07
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y	1,711	9.14	2.31	3.45
Standard error		0.10	0.14	0.07
M 9 to 13 y	574	12.46	3.22	4.80
Standard error		0.24	0.24	0.15
M 14 to 18 y	474	15.08	2.71	4.97
Standard error		0.38	0.44	0.18
M 19 to 30 y	920	14.64	2.18	4.09
Standard error		0.33	0.27	0.11
M 31 to 50 y	1,805	13.38	2.21	4.24
Standard error		0.16	0.23	0.08
M 51 to 70 y	1,680	11.78	1.53	3.60
Standard error		0.15	0.22	0.09
M 71+ y	722	9.56	1.45	2.79
Standard error		0.17	0.26	0.12
F 9 to 13 y	586	9.65	2.04	3.24
Standard error		0.19	0.19	0.14
F 14 to 18 y	455	9.47	1.33	2.58
Standard error		0.24	0.22	0.15
F 19 to 30 y	880	9.33	1.50	2.90
Standard error		0.17	0.24	0.11
F 31 to 50 y	1,733	8.51	1.24	2.49
Standard error		0.11	0.17	0.07
F 51 to 70 y	1,605	7.93	1.32	2.37
Standard error		0.10	0.15	0.08
F 71+ y	669	7.34	1.29	2.20
Standard error		0.15	0.21	0.10
F Pregnant	81	11.09	2.16	4.23
Standard error		0.52	0.00	0.61
F Lactating	44	12.79	0.00	4.59
Standard error		0.97	0.00	0.34
All Individuals	15,941	10.00	1.25	2.84
Standard error		0.05	0.06	0.03
All Indiv (+P/L)	16,065	10.01	1.26	2.85
Standard error		0.05	0.06	0.03

10th	25th	50th	75th	90th	95th	99th
0.69	2.84	5.52	6.83	8.56	10.32	12.80
0.17	0.20	0.09	0.09	0.14	0.23	0.32
2.17	4.04	5.68	7.03	8.43	10.07	11.75
0.32	0.15	0.12	0.09	0.18	0.22	0.40
3.47	4.43	5.81	7.74	9.99	12.39	15.33
0.04	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.08	0.13
4.34	5.47	7.23	9.66	12.68	15.65	19.10
0.05	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.06	0.09	0.16
5.90	7.54	9.72	13.13	17.52	21.88	25.20
0.10	0.08	0.08	0.09	0.13	0.17	0.30
6.23	8.53	11.47	15.49	20.96	28.53	36.09
0.12	0.11	0.09	0.11	0.18	0.31	0.38
5.68	7.82	10.90	15.33	20.56	27.23	33.31
0.11	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.12	0.17	0.26
5.55	7.50	10.44	14.32	18.79	23.52	29.66
0.06	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.07	0.11	0.20
4.80	6.37	9.05	12.57	16.57	21.14	27.07
0.06	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.07	0.12	0.21
3.99	5.37	7.51	10.30	13.69	16.53	20.61
0.09	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.10	0.13	0.25
4.39	5.65	7.63	10.16	13.46	17.08	21.07
0.11	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.11	0.19	0.28
3.74	5.00	7.38	10.29	13.27	16.46	21.40
0.10	0.10	0.09	0.09	0.11	0.21	0.36
3.74	5.07	7.07	9.85	13.30	17.08	21.65
0.07	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.09	0.15	0.25
3.45	4.72	6.59	9.03	12.12	15.36	19.25
0.05	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.09	0.16
3.29	4.37	6.18	8.51	11.41	14.06	17.06
0.06	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.08	0.15
2.90	4.06	5.63	7.81	10.61	13.11	16.28
0.09	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.09	0.15	0.23
5.31	6.53	9.27	11.79	15.99	18.71	20.28
0.31	0.21	0.23	0.19	0.33	0.35	0.46
5.16	6.09	9.38	13.95	20.75	23.75	25.65
0.61	0.14	0.35	0.36	0.53	1.04	0.31
3.91	5.23	7.36	10.41	14.45	18.63	24.22
0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.07
3.92	5.24	7.37	10.43	14.48	18.66	24.20
0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.06

a: M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

Bookshelf ID: NBK222305

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Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2001. E, Dietary Intake Datafrom the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 1991–1997.
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Dietary Intake Datafrom the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 1991–1997 - Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc

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