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Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; 2006-.
CASRN: 36507-48-9
Drug Levels and Effects
Summary of Use during Lactation
Based on its physicochemical properties, penbutolol appears to present a low-risk to the breastfed infant. Because there is no published experience with penbutolol during breastfeeding, other agents may be preferred, especially while nursing a newborn or preterm infant.
Drug Levels
The excretion of beta-adrenergic blocking drugs into breastmilk is largely determined by their protein binding. Those with low binding are more extensively excreted into breastmilk.[1] Accumulation of the drugs in the infant is related to the fraction excreted in urine. With 80 to 90% protein binding, 5% renal excretion and a moderate half-life, penbutolol presents a low risk for accumulation in infants.
Maternal Levels. Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
Infant Levels. Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
Effects in Breastfed Infants
Relevant published information on penbutolol was not found as of the revision date. A study of mothers taking beta-blockers during nursing found a numerically, but not statistically significant increased number of adverse reactions in those taking any beta-blocker. Although the ages of infants were matched to control infants, the ages of the affected infants were not stated. None of the mothers were taking penbutolol.[2]
Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk
Relevant published information on the effects of beta-blockade or penbutolol during normal lactation was not found as of the revision date. A study in 6 patients with hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea found no changes in serum prolactin levels following beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol.[3]
Alternate Drugs to Consider
References
- 1.
- Riant P, Urien S, Albengres E, et al. High plasma protein binding as a parameter in the selection of betablockers for lactating women. Biochem Pharmacol. 1986;35:4579–81. [PubMed: 2878668]
- 2.
- Ho TK, Moretti ME, Schaeffer JK, et al. Maternal beta-blocker usage and breast feeding in the neonate. Pediatr Res. 1999;45(4, pt. 2):67A–Abstract 385. [CrossRef]
- 3.
- Board JA, Fierro RJ, Wasserman AJ, et al. Effects of alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocking agents on serum prolactin levels in women with hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1977;127:285–7. [PubMed: 556882]
Substance Identification
Substance Name
Penbutolol
CAS Registry Number
36507-48-9
- 1.
Riant P, Urien S, Albengres E, et al. High plasma protein binding as a parameter in the selection of betablockers for lactating women. Biochem Pharmacol 1986;35:4579-81. PMID: 2878668
- 2.
Ho TK, Moretti ME, Schaeffer JK, et al. Maternal beta-blocker usage and breast feeding in the neonate. Pediatr Res 1999;45 (4, pt. 2):67A. Abstract 385. doi:10.1203/00006450-199904020-00402
- 3.
Board JA, Fierro RJ, Wasserman AJ, et al. Effects of alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocking agents on serum prolactin levels in women with hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977;127:285-7. PMID: 556882
Disclaimer: Information presented in this database is not meant as a substitute for professional judgment. You should consult your healthcare provider for breastfeeding advice related to your particular situation. The U.S. government does not warrant or assume any liability or responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the information on this Site.
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- Review Timolol.[Drugs and Lactation Database (...]Review Timolol.. Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®). 2006
- Isolation, identification and in vitro synthesis of conjugates of penbutolol and its metabolites.[Arzneimittelforschung. 1987]Isolation, identification and in vitro synthesis of conjugates of penbutolol and its metabolites.Lehr KH, Damm P, Fehlhaber HW, Hajdù P. Arzneimittelforschung. 1987 Nov; 37(11):1222-4.
- Direct assay of conjugates of penbutolol and its metabolites in urine.[Arzneimittelforschung. 1987]Direct assay of conjugates of penbutolol and its metabolites in urine.Lehr KH, Damm P, Hajdù P. Arzneimittelforschung. 1987 Dec; 37(12):1373-5.
- [On the pharmacology of the beta-receptor blocker penbutolol (author's transl)].[Arzneimittelforschung. 1980][On the pharmacology of the beta-receptor blocker penbutolol (author's transl)].Kaiser J, Härtfelder G, Lindner E, Schölkens B. Arzneimittelforschung. 1980; 30(3):420-7.
- Review Nadolol.[Drugs and Lactation Database (...]Review Nadolol.. Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®). 2006
- Penbutolol - Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®)Penbutolol - Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®)
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