Summary of Use during Lactation

Limited information indicates that only low levels of perindopril and its active metabolite are found in breastmilk, which is consistent with other drugs in this class. Amounts ingested by the infant are small and would not be expected to cause any adverse effects in breastfed infants.

Drug Levels

Maternal Levels. A breast feeding mother who was taking perindopril erbumine 10 mg twice daily for 2 weeks donated one breastmilk sample 9 hours after a dose. The sample contained 0.9 mcg/L of perindopril and 22.5 mcg/L of perindoprilat in breastmilk.[1]

Ten women taking perindopril donated a total of 79 milk samples. The exact timing of samples was not given. Dosages ranged from 5 to 20 mg daily. In the women taking 5 mg daily (n = 3), the average milk perindopril concentration was 0.32 mcg/L. In the women taking 10 mg daily (n = 6), the average milk perindopril concentration was 0.57 mcg/L. In the woman taking 20 mg daily (n = 1), the average milk perindopril concentration was 1.03 mcg/L. For the metabolite, perindoprilat, the 5 mg dose yielded an average milk concentration of 10.35 mcg/L, the 10 mg dose yielded an average of 9.25 mcg/L, and the 20 mg dose 0.42 mcg/L. The weight-adjusted infant dosage ranges were 0.0005 to 0.2% for perindopril and 0.03 to 4.6% for perindoprilat.[2]

Infant Levels. Three infants were breastfed (extent not stated) by mothers taking perindopril. One infant whose mother was taking 5 mg daily had serum levels of 1.12 mcg/L of perindopril and 10.14 mcg/L of perindoprilat. In two infants whose mothers were taking 10 mg daily, average perindopril level was 0.78 mcg/L and perindoprilat was 2.64 mcg/L.[2]

Effects in Breastfed Infants

Ten infants were breastfed (extent not stated) by mothers were taking perindopril 5 to 20 mg daily. All infants grew and developed normally according to their parents.[2]

Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk

Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.

Alternate Drugs to Consider

Benazepril, Captopril, Enalapril, Quinapril

References

1.

Lwin EMP, Gerber C, Song Y, et al. A new LC-MS/MS bioanalytical method for perindopril and perindoprilat in human plasma and milk. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2017;409:6141–8. [PubMed: 28842738]

2.

Leggett C, Lwin EMP, Ritchie U, et al. Perindopril in breast milk and determination of breastfed infant exposure: A prospective observational study. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2020;14:961–7. [PMC free article: PMC7060030] [PubMed: 32184565]

Substance Name

Perindopril

CAS Registry Number

82834-16-0

Drug Class

Breast Feeding

Lactation

Antihypertensive Agents

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

ACE Inhibitors

ACEIs