Abba M.C., Laguens R.M., Dulout F.N., Golijow C.D. The c-myc activation in cervical carcinomas and HPV 16 infections. Mutation. Res. 2004;557:151–158. [PubMed: 14729369]

Abdel-Hady E.-S., Martin-Hirsch P., Duggan-Keen M., Stern P.L., Moore J.V., Corbitt G., Kitchener H.C., Hampson I.N. Immunological and viral factors associated with the response of vulval intraepithelial neoplasia to photodynamic therapy. Cancer Res. 2001;61:192–196. [PubMed: 11196160]

Adachi A., Kiyono T., Hayashi Y., Ohashi M., Ishibashi M. Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 47 DNA in malignant lesions from epidermodysplasia verruciformis by protocols for precise typing of related HPV DNAs. J. clin. Microbiol. 1996;34:369–375. [PMC free article: PMC228800] [PubMed: 8789018]

Adam J.L., Briggs M.W., McCance D.J. A mutagenic analysis of the E5 protein of human papillomavirus type 16 reveals that E5 binding to the vacuolar H⁺-ATPase is not sufficient for biological activity, using mammalian and yeast expression systems. Virology. 2000;272:315–325. [PubMed: 10873774]

Adami H.-O., Kuper H., Andersson S.-O., Bergström R., Dillner J. Prostate cancer risk and serologic evidence of human papilloma virus infection: A population-based case–control study. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2003;12:872–875. [PubMed: 14504197]

Adams M., Borysiewicz L., Fiander A., Man S., Jasani B., Navabi H., Lipetz C., Evans A.S., Mason M. Clinical studies of human papilloma vaccines in pre-invasive and invasive cancer. Vaccine. 2001;19:2549–2556. [PubMed: 11257391]

af Geijersstam V., Eklund C., Wang Z., Sapp M., Schiller J.T., Dillner J., Dillner L. A survey of seroprevalence of human papillomavirus types 16, 18 and 33 among children. Int. J. Cancer. 1999;80:489–493. [PubMed: 9935145]

Agarwal C., Roke E.A., Irwin J.C., Eckert R.L. Immortalization by human papillomavirus type 16 alters retinoid regulation of human ectocervical epithelial cell differentiation. Cancer Res. 1991;51:3982–3989. [PubMed: 1713124]

Aglianò A.M., Gradilone A., Gazzaniga P., Napolitano M., Vercillo R., Albonici L., Naso G., Manzari V., Frati L., Vecchione A. High frequency of human papillomavirus detection in urinary bladder cancer. Urol. Int. 1994;53:125–129. [PubMed: 7645137]

Agrawal N., Mane M., Chiriva-Internati M., Roman J.J., Hermonat P.L. Temporal acceleration of the human papillomavirus life cycle by adeno-associated virus (AAV) type 2 superinfection in natural host tissue. Virology. 2002;297:203–210. [PubMed: 12083819]

Ahdieh L., Muñoz A., Vlahov D., Trimble C.L., Timpson L.A., Shah K. Cervical neoplasia and repeated positivity of human papillomavirus infection in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive and -seronegative women. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2000;151:1148–1157. [PubMed: 10905527]

Ahdieh L., Klein R.S., Burk R., Cu-Uvin S., Schuman P., Duerr A., Safaeian M., Astemborski J., Daniel R., Shah K. Prevalence, incidence, and type-specific persistence of human papillomavirus in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative women. J. infect. Dis. 2001;184:682–690. [PubMed: 11517428]

Ahdieh-Grant L., Li R., Levine A.M., Massad L.S., Strickler H.D., Minkoff H., Moxley M., Palefsky J., Sacks H., Burk R.D., Gange S.J. Highly active antiretroviral therapy and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in human immunodeficiency virus-positive women. J. natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:1070–1076. [PubMed: 15265968]

Ahn W.S., Bae S.M., Chung J.E., Lee H.K., Kim B.K., Lee J.M., Namkoong S.E., Kim C.K., Sin J. Evaluation of adenoassociated virus 2 and human papilloma virus 16 and 18 infection in cervical cancer biopsies. Gynecol. Oncol. 2003;89:105–111. [PubMed: 12694662]

Akgül B., Lemme W., García-Escudero R., Storey A., Pfister H.J. UV-B irradiation stimulates the promoter activity of the high-risk, cutaneous human papillomavirus 5 and 8 in primary keratinocytes. Arch. Virol. 2005;150:145–151. [PMC free article: PMC2423462] [PubMed: 15654507]

Alam M., Caldwell J.B., Eliezri Y.D. Human papillomavirus-associated digital squamous cell carcinoma: Literature review and report of 21 new cases. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2003;48:385–393. [PubMed: 12637918]

Alazawi W., Pett M., Strauss S., Moseley R., Gray J., Stanley M., Coleman N. Genomic imbalances in 70 snap-frozen cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions: Associations with lesion grade, state of HPV 16 E2 gene and clinical outcome. Br. J. Cancer. 2004;91:2063–2070. [PMC free article: PMC2409784] [PubMed: 15545968]

Al-Ghamdi A.A., Sanders C.M., Keefe M., Coggon D., Maitland N.J. Human papillomavirus DNA and TP53 mutations in lung cancers from butchers. Br. J. Cancer. 1995;72:293–297. [PMC free article: PMC2034006] [PubMed: 7640208]

Al-Ghamdi A., Freedman D., Miller D., Poh C., Rosin M., Zhang L., Gilks C.B. Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in young women: A clinicopathologic study of 21 cases. Gynecol. Oncol. 2002;84:94–101. [PubMed: 11748983]

Allen M., Kalantari M., Ylitalo N., Pettersson B., Hagmar B., Scheibenpflug L., Johansson B., Petterson U., Gyllensten U. HLA DQ-DR haplotype and susceptibility to cervical carcinoma: indications of increased risk for development of cervical carcinoma in individuals infected with HPV 18. Tissue Antigens. 1996;48:32–37. [PubMed: 8864172]

Alliance for Cervical Cancer Prevention (2004) Overview of cervical cancer treatment and palliative care. In: Planning and Implementing Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control Programme: A Manual for Managers, Seattle.

Alloub M.I., Barr B.B.B., McLaren K.M., Smith I.W., Bunney M.H., Smart G.E. Human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with renal allografts. Br. med. J. 1989;298:153–156. [PMC free article: PMC1835493] [PubMed: 2538174]

Almadori G., Cadoni G., Cattani P., Posteraro P., Scarano E., Ottaviani F., Paludetti G., Maurizi M. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by polymerase chain reaction. Eur. J. Cancer. 1996;32A:783–788. [PubMed: 9081354]

Alonio L.V., Picconi M.A., Dalbert D., Mural J., Bartt O., Bazan G., Dominguez M., Teyssie A.R. Ha-ras oncogene mutation associated to progression of papillomavirus induced lesions of uterine cervix. J. clin. Virol. 2003;27:263–269. [PubMed: 12878090]

Alonso E., Maróstica A., Roma S., Redín I., Sánchez Mazzaferri F., Toffoni C. [Lowgrade papillary transitional-cell carcinoma of the distal urethra with focal squamous differentiation and association with human papillomavirus types 6–11.] Arch. Esp. Urol. 1997;50:875–878. (in Spanish) [PubMed: 9463285]

Altekruse S.F., Lacey J.V. Jr, Brinton L.A., Gravitt P.E., Silverberg S.G., Barnes W.A. Jr, Greenberg M.D., Hadjimichael O.C., McGowan L., Mortel R., Schwartz P.E., Hildesheim A. Comparison of human papillomavirus genotypes, sexual, and reproductive risk factors of cervical adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma: Northeastern United States. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2003;188:657–663. [PubMed: 12634637]

Alunni-Fabbroni M., Littlewood T., Deleu L., Caldeira S., Giarre M., Dell’ Orco M., Tommasino M. Induction of S phase and apoptosis by the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein are separable events in immortalized rodent fibroblasts. Oncogene. 2000;19:2277–2285. [PubMed: 10822378]

Alvarez R.D., Conner M.G., Weiss H., Klug P.M., Niwas S., Manne U., Bacus J., Kagan V., Sexton K.C., Grubbs C.J., Eltoum I.-E., Grizzle W.E. The efficacy of 9-cis-retinoic acid (aliretinoin) as a chemopreventive agent for cervical dysplasia: Results of a randomized double-bind clinical trail. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2003;12:114–119. [PubMed: 12582020]

Amella C.A., Lofgren L.A., Ronn A.M., Nouri M., Shikowitz M.J., Steinberg B.M. Latent infection induced with cottontail rabbit papillomavirus. A model for human papillomavirus latency. Am. J. Pathol. 1994;144:1167–1171. [PMC free article: PMC1887472] [PubMed: 8203458]

Ames B.N., Wakimoto P. Are vitamin and mineral deficiencies a major cancer risk? Nat. Rev. Cancer. 2002;2:694–704. [PubMed: 12209158]

Amin A.A., Titolo S., Pelletier A., Fink D., Cordingley M.G., Archambault J. Identification of domains of the HPV11 E1 protein required for DNA replication in vitro. Virology. 2000;272:137–150. [PubMed: 10873756]

Ammatuna P., Giovannelli L., Giambelluca D., Mancuso S., Rubino E., Colletti P., Mazzola G., Belfiore P., Lima R. Presence of human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus in the cervix of women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. J. med. Virol. 2000;62:410–415. [PubMed: 11074467]

Amtmann, E. & Wayss, K. (1987) Papillomaviruses and carcinogenic progression. II. The Mastomys natalensis papillomavirus. In: Salzmann, N.P. & Howley, P.M., eds, The Papovaviridae, Vol. 2, The Papillomaviruses, New York, Plenum Press, pp.187–198.

Amtmann E., Volm M., Wayss K. Tumour induction in the rodent Mastomys natalensis by activation of endogenous papilloma virus genomes. Nature. 1984;308:291–292. [PubMed: 6322013]

Amundadottir L.T., Thorvaldsson S., Gudbjartsson D.F., Sulem P., Kristjansson K., Arnason S., Gulcher J.R., Bjornsson J., Kong A., Thorsteinsdottir U., Stefansson K. Cancer as a complex phenotype: Pattern of cancer distribution within and beyond the nuclear family. PLOS Med. 2004;1:229–236. [PMC free article: PMC539051] [PubMed: 15630470]

Anderson R., Theron A.J. Physiological potential of ascorbate, β-carotene and α-tocopherol individually and in combination in the prevention of tissue damage, carcinogenesis and immune dysfunction mediated by phagocyte-derived reactive oxidants. World Rev. Nutr. Diet. 1990;62:27–58. [PubMed: 2180216]

Anderson M., Handley J., Hopwood L., Murant S., Stower M., Maitland N.J. Analysis of prostate tissue DNA for the presence of human papillomavirus by polymerase chain reaction, cloning, and automated sequencing. J. med. Virol. 1997;52:8–13. [PubMed: 9131451]

Anderson C.A., Boller A.M., Richardson C.J., Balcos E.G., Zera RT. Anal condyloma: A comparison between HIV positive and negative patients. Am. Surg. 2004;70:1014–1018. [PubMed: 15586518]

Andersson-Ellström A., Dillner J., Hagmar B., Schiller J., Forssman L. No serological evidence for non-sexual spread of HPV16. Lancet. 1994;344:1435. [PubMed: 7968093]

Andersson-Ellström A., Hagmar B., Johansson B., Kalantari M., Wärleby B., Forssman L. Human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid in cervix only detected in girls after coitus. Int. J. STD AIDS. 1996;7:333–336. [PubMed: 8894822]

Androphy E.J., Dvoretsky I., Lowy D.R. X-linked inheritance of epidermodysplasia verruciformis: Genetic and virologic studies of a kindred. Arch. Dermatol. 1985;121:864–868. [PubMed: 2990354]

Angelos J.A., Marti E., Lazary S., Carmichael L.E. Characterization of BPV-like DNA in equine sarcoids. Arch. Virol. 1991;119:95–109. [PubMed: 1650553]

Anh P.K., Khanh N.T., Ha D.T., Chien D.T., Thuc P.T., Luong P.H., Kilmarx PlH., Wongchotigul V., Kitayaporn D., Rowe P.J. Prevalence of lower genital tract infection among women attending maternal and child health and family planning clinics in Hanoi, Vietnam. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health. 2003;34:367–373. [PubMed: 12971565]

Antinore M.J., Birrer M.J., Patel D., Nader L., McCance D.J. The human papillomavirus type 16 E7 gene product interacts with and trans-activates the AP1 family of transcription factors. EMBO J. 1996;15:1950–1960. [PMC free article: PMC450114] [PubMed: 8617242]

Antonsson A., Hansson B.G. Healthy skin of many animal species harbors papillomaviruses which are closely related to their human counterparts. J. Virol. 2002;76:12537–12542. [PMC free article: PMC136724] [PubMed: 12438579]

Antonsson A., Forslund O., Ekberg H., Sterner G., Hansson B.G. The ubiquity and impressive genomic diversity of human skin papillomaviruses suggest a commensalic nature of these viruses. J. Virol. 2000;74:11636–11641. [PMC free article: PMC112445] [PubMed: 11090162]

Antonsson A., Karanfilovska S., Lindqvist P.G., Hansson B.G. General acquisition of human papillomavirus infections of skin occurs in early infancy. J. clin. Microbiol. 2003;41:2509–2514. [PMC free article: PMC156491] [PubMed: 12791874]

Anttila M., Syrjänen S., Ji H., Saarikoski S., Syrjänen K. Failure to demonstrate human papillomavirus DNA in epithelial ovarian cancer by general primer PCR. Gynecol. Oncol. 1999;72:337–341. [PubMed: 10053104]

Anttila T., Saikku P., Koskela P., Bloigu A., Dillner J., Ikäheimo I., Jellum E., Lehtinen M., Lenner P., Hakulinen T., Närvänen A., Pukkala E., Thoresen S., Youngman L., Paavonen J. Serotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis and risk for development of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. J. Am. med. Assoc. 2001;285:47–51. [PubMed: 11150108]

Anwar K., Nakakuki K., Shiraishi T., Naiki H., Yatani R., Inuzuka M. Presence of ras oncogene mutations and human papillomavirus DNA in human prostate carcinomas. Cancer Res. 1992a;52:5991–5996. [PubMed: 1382850]

Anwar K., Naiki H., Nakakuki K., Inuzuka M. High frequency of human papillomavirus infection in carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Cancer. 1992b;70:1967–1973. [PubMed: 1326398]

Apple R.J., Erlich H.A., Klitz W., Manos M.M., Becker T.M., Wheeler C.M. HLA DR–DQ associations with cervical carcinoma show papillomavirus-type specificity. Nat. Genet. 1994;6:157–162. [PubMed: 8162070]

Apple R.J., Becker T.M., Wheeler C.M., Erlich H.A. Comparison of human leukocyte antigen DR–DQ disease associations found with cervical cysplasia and invasive cervical carcinoma. J. natl Cancer Inst. 1995;87:427–436. [PubMed: 7861462]

Arany I., Tyring S.K. Status of local cellular immunity in interferon-responsive and -nonresponsive human papillomavirus-associated lesions. Sex. transm. Dis. 1996;23:475–480. [PubMed: 8946632]

Arbeit J.M., Howley P.M., Hanahan D. Chronic estrogen-induced cervical and vaginal squamous carcinogenesis in human papillomavirus type 16 transgenic mice. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 1996;93:2930–2935. [PMC free article: PMC39737] [PubMed: 8610145]

Arbyn M., Dillner J. Review of current knowledge on HPV vaccination: An appendix to the European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Cervical Cancer Screening. J. clin. Virol. 2007;38:189–197. [PubMed: 17258503]

Arbyn, M., Buntinx, F. & Van Ranst, M. (2002) Triage of Women with Atypical or Low-grade Cytological Abnormalities of the Cervix by HPV Testing. Systematic Review and Metaanalysis (IPH/EPI-REPORTS Nos 2001-019), Brussels, Institute of Public Health.

Arbyn M., Buntinx F., Van Ranst M., Paraskevaidis E., Martin-Hirsch P., Dillner J. Virologic versus cytologic triage of women with equivocal Pap smears: A meta-analysis of the accuracy to detect high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. J. natl Cancer Inst. 2004a;96:280–293. [PubMed: 14970277]

Arbyn M., Dillner J., Van Ranst M., Buntinx F., Martin-Hirsch P., Paraskevaidis E. Re: Have we resolved how to triage equivocal cervical cytology? J. natl Cancer Inst. 2004b;96:1401–1402. [PubMed: 15367574]

Arbyn M., Paraskevaidis E., Martin-Hirsch P., Prendiville W., Dillner J. Clinical utility of HPV–DNA detection: Triage of minor cervical lesions, follow-up of women treated for high-grade CIN: An update of pooled evidence. Gynecol. Oncol. 2005;99 Suppl.:S7–S11. [PubMed: 16154623]

Arroyo M., Bagchi S., Raychaudhuri P. Association of the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein with the S-phase-specific E2F-cyclin A complex. Mol. cell. Biol. 1993;13:6537–6546. [PMC free article: PMC364713] [PubMed: 8413252]

Asato T., Maehama T., Nagai Y., Kanazawa K., Uezato H., Kariya K.-I. A large case–control study of cervical cancer risk associated with human papillomavirus infection in Japan, by nucleotide sequencing-based genotyping. J. infect. Dis. 2004;189:1829–1832. [PubMed: 15122519]

Ashinoff R., Li J.J., Jacobson M., Friedman-Kien A.E., Geronemus R.G. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in squamous cell carcinoma of the nail bed and finger determined by polymerase chain reaction. Arch. Dermatol. 1991;127:1813–1818. [PubMed: 1668998]

Ashley R.L., Wald A. Genital herpes: Review of the epidemic and potential use of type-specific serology. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1999;12:1–8. [PMC free article: PMC88903] [PubMed: 9880471]

Ashrafi G.H., Pitts J.D., Faccini A.M., McLean P., O'Brien V., Finbow M.E., Campo M.S. Binding of bovine papillomavirus type 4 E8 to ductin (16K proteolipid), down-regulation of gap junction intercellular communication and full cell transformation are independent events. J. gen. Virol. 2000;81:689–694. [PubMed: 10675405]

Ashrafi G.H., Tsirimonaki E., Marchetti B., O'Brien P.M., Sibbet G.J., Andrew L., Campo M.S. Down-regulation of MHC class I by bovine papillomavirus E5 oncoproteins. Oncogene. 2002;21:248–259. [PubMed: 11803468]

Ashrafi G.H., Haghshenas M.R., Marchetti B., O'Brien P.M., Campo M.S. E5 protein of human papillomavirus type 16 selectively downregulates surface HLA class I. Int. J. Cancer. 2005;113:276–283. [PubMed: 15386416]

Astori G., Lavergne D., Benton C., Höckmayr B., Egawa K., Garbe C., de Villiers E.-M. Human papillomaviruses are commonly found in normal skin of immunocompetent hosts. J. invest. Dermatol. 1998;110:752–755. [PubMed: 9579540]

Ateenyi-Agaba C., Weiderpass E., Smet A., Dong W., Dai M., Kahwa B., Wabinga H., Katongole-Mbidde E., Franceschi S., Tommasino M. Epidermodysplasia verruciformis human papillomavirus types and carcinoma of the conjunctiva: A pilot study. Br. J. Cancer. 2004;90:1777–1779. [PMC free article: PMC2409740] [PubMed: 15150602]

Atula S., Grenman R., Kujari H., Syrjänen S. Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) in laryngeal carcinoma cell lines provides evidence for a heterogeneic cell population. Eur. J. Cancer. 1999;35:825–832. [PubMed: 10505045]

Auborn K.J. Therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Antivir. Ther. 2002;7:1–9. [PubMed: 12008782]

Auborn K.J., Woodworth C., DiPaolo J.A., Bradlow H.L. The interaction between HPV infection and estrogen metabolism in cervical carcinogenesis. Int. J. Cancer. 1991;49:867–869. [PubMed: 1660039]

Audeau A., Han H.W., Johnston M.J., Whitehead M.W., Frizelle F.A. Does human papilloma virus have a role in squamous cell carcinoma of the colon and upper rectum? Eur. J. surg. Oncol. 2002;28:657–660. [PubMed: 12359204]

Auvinen E., Tarkkanen J., Mattila P., Mattila S. Human papillomavirus 16 in a heart transplant recipient. Transplant. Proc. 2002;34:1281–1282. [PubMed: 12072341]

Aynaud O., Ionesco M., Barrasso R. Penile intraepithelial neoplasia. Specific clinical features correlate with histologic and virologic findings. Cancer. 1994;74:1762–1767. [PubMed: 8082079]

Aynaud O., Tranbaloc P., Orth G. Lack of evidence for a role of human papillomaviruses in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. J. Urol. 1998;159:86–89. [PubMed: 9400443]

Baay M.F.D., Duk J.M., Burger M.P.M., Walboomers J., ter Schegget J., Groenier K.H., de Bruijn H.W.A., Stolz E., Herbrink P. Antibodies to human papillomavirus type 16 E7 related to clinicopathological data in patients with cervical carcinoma. J. clin. Pathol. 1995;48:410–414. [PMC free article: PMC502614] [PubMed: 7629285]

Baay M.F.D, Duk J.M., Groenier K.H., Burger M.P.M., de Bruijn H.W.A., Hollema H., Stolz E., Herbrink P. Relation between HPV-16 serology and clinico-pathological data in cervical carcinoma patients: Prognostic value of anti-E6 and/or anti-E7 antibodies. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 1997;44:211–215. [PubMed: 9222279]

Baay M.F.D., Kjetland E.F., Ndhlovu P.D., Deschoolmeester V., Mduluza T., Gomo E., Friis H., Midzi N., Gwanzura L., Mason P.R., Vermorken J.B., Gundersen S.G. Human papillomavirus in a rural community in Zimbabwe: The impact of HIV co-infection on HPV genotype distribution. J. med. Virol. 2004;73:481–485. [PubMed: 15170646]

Bachtiary B., Obermair A., Dreier B., Birner P., Breitenecker G., Knocke T.-H., Selzer E., Pötter R. Impact of multiple HPV infection on response to treatment and survival in patients receiving radical radiotherapy for cervical cancer. Int. J. Cancer. 2002;102:237–243. [PubMed: 12397642]

Badal V., Chuang L.S.H., Tan E.H.-H., Badal S., Villa L.L., Wheeler C.M., Li B.F.L., Bernard H.-U. CpG methylation of human papillomavirus type 16 DNA in cervical cancer cell lines and in clinical specimens: Genomic hypomethylation correlates with carcinogenic progression. J. Virol. 2003;77:6227–6234. [PMC free article: PMC154984] [PubMed: 12743279]

Badal S., Badal V., Calleja-Macias I.E., Kalantari M., Chuang L.S.H., Li B.F.L., Bernard H.-U. The human papillomavirus-18 genome is efficiently targeted by cellular DNA methylation. Virology. 2004;324:483–492. [PubMed: 15207633]

Báez A., Almodóvar J.I., Cantor A., Celestin F., Cruz-Cruz L., Fonseca S., Trinidad-Pinedo J., Vega W. High frequency of HPV16-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in the Puerto Rican population. Head Neck. 2004;26:778–784. [PubMed: 15350023]

Bailey R.N., Guethlein M.E. Diagnosis and management of conjunctival papillomas. J. Am. optom. Assoc. 1990;61:405–412. [PubMed: 2162365]

Baken L.A., Koutsky L.A., Kuypers J., Kosorok M.R., Lee S.-K., Kiviat N.B., Holmes K.K. Genital human papillomavirus infection among male and female sex partners: Prevalence and type-specific concordance. J. infect. Dis. 1995;171:429–432. [PubMed: 7844382]

Balaram P., Nalinakumari K.R., Abraham E., Balan A., Hareendran N.K., Bernard H.-U., Chan S.-Y. Human papillomaviruses in 91 oral cancers from Indian betel quid chewers — High prevalence and multiplicity of infections. Int. J. Cancer. 1995;61:450–454. [PubMed: 7759149]

Baldwin P.J., van der Burg S.H., Boswell C.M., Offringa R., Hickling J.K., Dobson J., Roberts J.S.C., Latimer J.A., Moseley R.P., Coleman N., Stanley M.A., Sterling J.C. Vaccinia-expressed human papillomavirus 16 and 18 E6 and E7 as a therapeutic vaccination for vulval and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Clin. Cancer Res. 2003;9:5205–5213. [PubMed: 14614000]

Baldwin S.B., Wallace D.R., Papenfuss M.R., Abrahamsen M., Vaught L.C., Giuliano A.R. Condom use and other factors affecting penile human papillomavirus detection in men attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. Sex. transm. Dis. 2004;31:601–607. [PubMed: 15388997]

Balsitis S.J., Sage J., Duensing S., Münger K., Jacks T., Lambert P.F. Recapitulation of the effects of the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncogene on mouse epithelium by somatic Rb deletion and detection of pRb-independent effects of E7 in vivo. Mol. cell. Biol. 2003;23:9094–9103. [PMC free article: PMC309665] [PubMed: 14645521]

Band V., Zajchowski D., Kulesa V., Sager R. Human papilloma virus DNAs immortalize normal human mammary epithelial cells and reduce their growth factor requirements. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 1990;87:463–467. [PMC free article: PMC53284] [PubMed: 2153303]

Band V., Dalal S., Delmolino L., Androphy E.J. Enhanced degradation of p53 protein in HPV-6 and BPV-1 E6-immortalized human mammary epithelial cells. EMBO J. 1993;12:1847–1852. [PMC free article: PMC413405] [PubMed: 8387914]

Bandyopadhyay S., Sen S., Majumdar L., Chatterjee R. Human papillomavirus infection among Indian mothers and their infants. Asian Pacif. J. Cancer Prev. 2003;4:179–184. [PubMed: 14507236]

Bantel-Schaal U. Growth properties of a human melanoma cell line are altered by adenoassociated parvovirus type 2. Int. J. Cancer. 1995;60:269–274. [PubMed: 7829227]

Bar-Am A., Lessing J.B., Niv J., Brenner S.H., Peyser M.R. High- and low-power CO₂ lasers. Comparison of results for three clinical indications. J. reprod. Med. 1993;38:455–458. [PubMed: 8392581]

Barbosa M.S., Schlegel R. The E6 and E7 genes of HPV-18 are sufficient for inducing two-stage in vitro transformation of human keratinocytes. Oncogene. 1989;4:1529–1532. [PubMed: 2556677]

Barnard P., McMillan N.A.J. The human papillomavirus E7 oncoprotein abrogates signaling mediated by interferon-α. Virology. 1999;259:305–313. [PubMed: 10388655]

Barnard P., Payne E., McMillan N.A.J. The human papillomavirus E7 protein is able to inhibit the antiviral and anti-growth functions of interferon-α. Virology. 2000;277:411–419. [PubMed: 11080488]

Barr B.B.B., Benton E.C., McLaren K., Bunney M.H., Smith I.W., Blessing K., Hunter J.A.A. Human papilloma virus infection and skin cancer in renal allograft recipients. Lancet. 1989;i:124–128. [PubMed: 2563048]

Barrasso R., de Brux J., Croissant O., Orth G. High prevalence of papillomavirus-associated penile intraepithelial neoplasia in sexual partners of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. New Engl. J. Med. 1987;317:916–923. [PubMed: 3041217]

Barrett T.J., Silbar J.D., McGinley J.P. Genital warts — A venereal disease. J. Am. med. Assoc. 1954;154:333–334. [PubMed: 13108721]

Barton S.E., Maddox P.H., Jenkins D., Edwards R., Cuzick J., Singer A. Effect of cigarette smoking on cervical epithelial immunity: A mechanism for neoplastic change? Lancet. 1988;ii:652–654. [PubMed: 2901519]

Bartsch D., Boye B., Baust C., zur Hausen H., Schwarz E. Retinoic acid-mediated repression of human papillomavirus 18 transcription and different ligand regulation of the retinoic acid receptor β gene in non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic HeLa hybrid cells. EMBO J. 1992;11:2283–2291. [PMC free article: PMC556695] [PubMed: 1318198]

Basile J.R., Zacny V., Münger K. The cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand differentially modulate proliferation and apoptotic pathways in human keratinocytes expressing the human papillomavirus-16 E7 oncoprotein. J. biol. Chem. 2001;276:22522–22528. [PubMed: 11306566]

Bastien N., McBride A.A. Interaction of the papillomavirus E2 protein with mitotic chromosomes. Virology. 2000;270:124–134. [PubMed: 10772985]

Batova A., Danielpour D., Pirisi L., Creek K.E. Retinoic acid induces secretion of latent transforming growth factor β₁ and β₂ in normal and human papillomavirus type 16-immortalized human keratinocytes. Cell Growth Differ. 1992;3:763–772. [PubMed: 1334692]

Baud D., Ponci F., Bobst M., De Grandi P., Nardelli-Haefliger D. Improved efficiency of a Salmonella-based vaccine against human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles achieved by using a codon-optimized version of L1. J. Virol. 2004;78:12901–12909. [PMC free article: PMC524992] [PubMed: 15542642]

Bauer H.M., Ting Y., Greer C.E., Chambers J.C., Tashiro C.J., Chimera J., Reingold A., Manos M.M. Genital human papillomavirus infection in female university students as determined by a PCR-based method. J. Am. med. Assoc. 1991;265:472–477. [PubMed: 1845912]

Bauknecht T., Angel P., Royer H.-D., zur Hausen H. Identification of a negative regulatory domain in the human papillomavirus type 18 promoter: Interaction with the transcription repressor YY1. EMBO J. 1992;11:4607–4617. [PMC free article: PMC557037] [PubMed: 1330541]

Bauknecht T., Jundt F., Herr I., Oehler T., Delius H., Shi Y., Angel P., zur Hausen H. A switch region determines the cell type-specific positive or negative action of YY1 on the activity of the human papillomavirus type 18 promoter. J. Virol. 1995;69:1–12. [PMC free article: PMC188542] [PubMed: 7983700]

Bauman N.M., Smith R.J.H. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Paediat. Otolaryngol. 1996;43:1385–1401. [PubMed: 8973518]

Bavin P.J., Giles J.A., Deery A., Crow J., Griffiths P.D., Emery V.C., Walker P.G. Use of semi-quantitative PCR for human papillomavirus DNA type 16 to identify women with high grade cervical disease in a population presenting with a mildly dyskaryotic smear report. Br. J. Cancer. 1993;67:602–605. [PMC free article: PMC1968258] [PubMed: 8382513]

Be X., Hong Y., Wei J., Androphy E.J., Chen J.J., Baleja J.D. Solution structure determination and mutational analysis of the papillomavirus E6 interacting peptide of E6AP. Biochemistry. 2001;40:1293–1299. [PubMed: 11170455]

Beard J.W. The fallacy of the concept of virus ‘masking': A review. Cancer Res. 1956;16:279–291. [PubMed: 13316753]

Beard J.W., Rous P. Effectiveness of the Shope papilloma virus in various American rabbits. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1935;33:191–193.

Beaudenon S., Praetorius F., Kremsdorf D., Lutzner M., Worsaae N., Pehau-Arnaudet G., Orth G. A new type of human papillomavirus associated with oral focal epithelial hyperplasia. J. invest. Dermatol. 1987;88:130–135. [PubMed: 3027189]

Bechtold V., Beard P., Raj K. Human papillomavirus type 16 E2 protein has no effect on transcription from episomal viral DNA. J. Virol. 2003;77:2021–2028. [PMC free article: PMC140940] [PubMed: 12525636]

Becker T.M., Wheeler C.M., McGough N.S., Parmenter C.A., Jordan S.W., Stidley C.A., McPherson R.S., Dorin M.H. Sexually transmitted diseases and other risk factors for cervical dysplasia among southwestern Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. J. Am. med. Assoc. 1994;271:1181–1188. [PubMed: 8151876]

Beckmann A.M., Sherman K.J., Saran L., Weiss N.S. Genital-type human papillomavirus infection is not associated with surface epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol. Oncol. 1991;43:247–251. [PubMed: 1661263]

Begum S., Gillison M.L., Ansari-Lari M.A., Shah K., Westra W.H. Detection of human papillomavirus in cervical lymph nodes: A highly effective strategy for localizing site of tumor origin. Clin. Cancer Res. 2003;9:6469–6475. [PubMed: 14695150]

Belinson J., Pretorius R.G., Zhang W.H., Wu L.Y., Qiao Y.L., Elson P. Cervical cancer screening by simple visual inspection after acetic acid. Obstet. Gynecol. 2001a;98:441–444. [PubMed: 11530126]

Belinson J.L., Qiao Y.L., Pretorius R.G., Zhang W.H., Elson P., Li L., Pan Q.J., Fisher C., Lorincz A., Zahniser D. Shanxi Province Cervical Cancer Screening Study: A cross-sectional comparative trial of multiple techniques to detect cervical neoplasia. Gynecol. Oncol. 2001b;83:439–444. [PubMed: 11606114]

Bell M.C., Crowley-Nowick P., Bradlow H.L., Sepkovic D.W., Schmidt-Grimminger D., Howell P., Mayeaux E.J., Tucker A., Turbat-Herrera E.A., Mathis J.M. Placebo-controlled trial of indole-3-carbinol in the treatment of CIN. Gynecol. Oncol. 2000;78:123–129. [PubMed: 10926790]

Benamouzig R., Pigot F., Quiroga G., Validire P., Chaussade S., Catalan F., Couturier D. Human papillomavirus infection in esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma in western countries. Int. J. Cancer. 1992;50:549–552. [PubMed: 1311284]

Benamouzig R., Jullian E., Chang F., Robaskiewicz M., Flejou J.-F., Raoul J.-L., Coste T., Couturier D., Pompidou A., Rautureau J. Absence of human papillomavirus DNA detected by polymerase chain reaction in French patients with esophageal carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 1995;109:1876–1881. [PubMed: 7498652]

Benedet J.L., Anderson G.H. Stage IA carcinoma of the cervix revisited. Obstet. Gynecol. 1996;87:1052–1059. [PubMed: 8649690]

Bens G., Wieland U., Hofmann A., Höpfl R., Pfister H. Detection of new human papillomavirus sequences in skin lesions of a renal transplant recipient and characterization of one complete genome related to epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated types. J. gen. Virol. 1998;79:779–787. [PubMed: 9568973]

Berek J.S., Howe C., Lagasse L.D., Hacker N.F. Pelvic exenteration for recurrent gynecologic malignancy: Survival and morbidity analysis of the 45-year experience at UCLA. Gynecol. Oncol. 2005;99:153–159. [PubMed: 16054678]

Berezutskaya E., Bagchi S. The human papillomavirus E7 oncoprotein functionally interacts with the S4 subunit of the 26 S proteasome. J. biol. Chem. 1997;272:30135–30140. [PubMed: 9374493]

Berg M., DiFatta J., Hoiczyk E., Schlegel R., Ketner G. Viable adenovirus vaccine prototypes: High-level production of a papillomavirus capsid antigen from the major late transcriptional unit. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 2005;102:4590–4595. [PMC free article: PMC554749] [PubMed: 15767581]

Bergeron C., Naghashfar Z., Canaan C., Shah K., Fu Y., Ferenczy A. Human papillomavirus type 16 in intraepithelial neoplasia (Bowenoid papulosis) and coexistent invasive carcinoma of the vulva. Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. 1987a;6:1–11. [PubMed: 3032817]

Bergeron C., Ferenczy A., Shah K.V., Naghashfar Z. Multicentric human papillomavirus infections of the female genital tract: Correlation of viral types with abnormal mitotic figures, colposcopic presentation, and location. Obstet. Gynecol. 1987b;69:736–742. [PubMed: 3033572]

Bergman A., Nalick R. Genital human papillomavirus infection in men. Diagnosis and treatment with laser and 5-fluorouracil. J. reprod. Med. 1991;36:363–366. [PubMed: 2061884]

Berkhout R.J.M., Tieben L.M., Smits H.L., Bouwes Bavinck J.N., Vermeer B.J., ter Schegget J. Nested PCR approach for detection and typing of epidermodysplasia verruciformisassociated human papillomavirus types in cutaneous cancers from renal transplant recipients. J. clin. Microbiol. 1995;33:690–695. [PMC free article: PMC228015] [PubMed: 7751378]

Berkhout R.J.M., Bouwes Bavinck J.N., ter Schegget J. Persistence of human papillomavirus DNA in benign and (pre)malignant skin lesions from renal transplant recipients. J. clin. Microbiol. 2000;38:2087–2096. [PMC free article: PMC86734] [PubMed: 10834958]

Bernard H.-U. Gene expression of genital human papillomaviruses and considerations on potential antiviral approaches. Antiviral Ther. 2002;7:219–237. [PubMed: 12553476]

Bernard H.-U. Established and potential strategies against papillomavirus infections. J. antimicrob. Chemother. 2004;53:137–139. [PubMed: 14711837]

Bernard H.-U., Chan S.-Y., Mano M.M., Ong C.-K., Villa L.L., Delius H., Peyton C.L., Bauer H.M., Wheeler C.M. Identification and assessment of known and novel human papillomaviruses by polymerase chain reaction amplification, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, nucleotide sequence, and phylogenetic algorithms. J. infect. Dis. 1994;170:1077–1085. [PubMed: 7963696]

Bernauer H.S., Welkoborsky H.-J., Tilling A., Amedee R.G., Mann W.J. Inverted papillomas of the paranasal sinuses and the nasal cavity: DNA indices and HPV infection. Am. J. Rhinol. 1997;11:155–160. [PubMed: 9129759]

Berrington A., Jha P., Peto J., Green J., Hermon C., on behalf of the UK National Case–control Study of Cervical Cancer. Oral contraceptives and cervical cancer. Lancet. 2002;360:410. [PubMed: 12241800]

Berumen J., Unger E.R., Casas L., Figueroa P. Amplification of human papillomavirus types 16 an 18 in invasive cervical cancer. Hum. Pathol. 1995;26:676–681. [PubMed: 7774900]

Beskow A.H., Josefsson A.M., Gyllensten U.B. HLA class II alleles associated with infection by HPV16 in cervical cancer in situ. Int. J. Cancer. 2001;93:817–822. [PubMed: 11519043]

van Beurden M., ten Kate F.J.W., Smits H.L., Berkhout R.J.M., de Craen A.J.M., van der Vange N., Lammes F.B., ter Schegget J. Multifocal vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia grade III and multicentric lower genital tract neoplasia is associated with transcriptionally active human papillomavirus. Cancer. 1995;75:2879–2884. [PubMed: 7773937]

van Beurden M., ten Kate F.W.J., Tjong-A-Hung S.P., de Craen A.J.M., van der Vange N., Lammes F.B., ter Schegget J. Human papillomavirus DNA in multicentric vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. Int. J. gynecol. Pathol. 1998;17:12–16. [PubMed: 9475186]

Beutner K.R., Reitano M.V., Richwald G.A., Wiley D.J., the AMA Expert Panel on External Genital Warts. External genital warts: Report of the American Medical Association Consensus Conference. Clin. infect. Dis. 1998a;27:796–806. [PubMed: 9798036]

Beutner K.R., Spruance S.L., Hougham A.J., Fox T.L., Owens M.L., Douglas J.M. Jr. Treatment of genital warts with an immune-response modifer (imiquimod). J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 1998b;38:230–239. [PubMed: 9486679]

Beutner K.R., Tyring S.K., Trofatter K.F. Jr, Douglas J.M. Jr, Spruance S., Owens M.L., Fox T.L., Hougham A.J., Schmitt K.A. Imiquimod, a patient-applied immune-response modifier for treatment of external genital warts. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1998c;42:789–794. [PMC free article: PMC105543] [PubMed: 9559784]

Beverley, P.C.L., Sadovnikova, E., Zhu, X., Hickling, J., Gao, L., Chain, B., Collins, S., Crawford, L., Vousden, K. & Stauss, H.J. (1994) Strategies for studying mouse and human immune responses to human papillomavirus type 16. In: Vaccines against Virally Induced Cancers (Ciba Foundation Symposium 187), Chichester, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 78–96. [PubMed: 7540971]

Bezerra A.L.R., Lopes A., Landman G., Alencar G.N., Torloni H., Villa L.L. Clinicopathologic features and human papillomavirus DNA prevalence of warty and squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Am. J. surg. Pathol. 2001a;25:673–678. [PubMed: 11342782]

Bezerra A.L.R., Lopes A., Santiago G.H., Ribeiro K.C.B., Latorre M.R.D.O., Villa L.L. Human papillomavirus as a prognostic factor in carcinoma of the penis. Analysis of 82 patients treated with amputation and bilateral lymphadenectomy. Cancer. 2001b;91:2315–2321. [PubMed: 11413520]

Biemelt S., Sonnewald U., Galmbacher P., Willmitzer L., Müller M. Production of human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles in transgenic plants. J. Virol. 2003;77:9211–9220. [PMC free article: PMC187377] [PubMed: 12915537]

Biliris K.A., Koumantakis E., Dokianakis D.N., Sourvinos G., Spandidos D.A. Human papillomavirus infection of non-melanoma skin cancers in immunocompetent hosts. Cancer Lett. 2000;161:83–88. [PubMed: 11078916]

Birkeland S.A., Storm H.H., Lamm L.U., Barlow L., Blohmé I., Forsberg B., Eklund B., Fjeldborg O., Friedberg M., Frödin L., Glattre E., Halvorsen S., Holm N.V., Jakobsen A., Jørgensen H.E., Ladefoged J., Lindholm T., Lundgren G., Pukkala E. Cancer risk after renal transplantation in the Nordic countries, 1964–1986. Int. J. Cancer. 1995;60:183–189. [PubMed: 7829213]

Birner P., Bachtiary B., Dreier B., Schindl M., Joura E.A., Breitenecker G., Oberhuber G. Signal-amplified colorimetric in situ hybridization for assessment of human papillomavirus infection in cervical lesions. Mod. Pathol. 2001;14:702–709. [PubMed: 11455003]

Bjørge T., Dillner J., Anttila T., Engeland A., Hakulinen T., Jellum E., Lehtinen M., Luostarinen T., Paavonen J., Pukkala E., Sapp M., Schiller J., Youngman L., Thoresen S. Prospective seroepidemiological study of role of human papillomavirus in non-cervical anogenital cancers. Br. med. J. 1997a;315:646–649. [PMC free article: PMC2127456] [PubMed: 9310566]

Bjørge T., Hakulinen T., Engeland A., Jellum E., Koskela P., Lehtinen M., Luostarinen T., Paavonen J., Sapp M., Schiller J., Thoresen S., Wang Z., Youngman L., Dillner J. A prospective, seroepidemiological study of the role of human papillomavirus in esophageal cancer in Norway. Cancer Res. 1997b;57:3989–3992. [PubMed: 9307283]

Bjørge T., Engeland A., Luostarinen T., Mork J., Gislefoss R. E., Jellum E., Koskela P., Lehtinen M., Pukkala E., Thoresen S.Ø., Dillner J. Human papillomavirus infection as a risk factor for anal and perianal skin cancer in a prospective study. Br. J. Cancer. 2002;87:61–64. [PMC free article: PMC2364291] [PubMed: 12085257]

Bleeker M.C.G., Hogewoning C.J.A., van den Brule A.J.C., Voorhorst F.J., van Andel R.E., Risse E.K.J., Starink T.M., Meijer C.J.L.M. Penile lesions and human papillomavirus in male sexual partners of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2002;47:351–357. [PubMed: 12196743]

Bleeker M.C.G., Hogewoning C.J.A., Voorhorst F.J., van den Brule A.J.C., Snijders P.J.F., Starink T.M., Berkhof J., Meijer C.J.L.M. Condom use promotes regression of human papillomavirus-associated penile lesions in male sexual partners of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Int. J. Cancer. 2003;107:804–810. [PubMed: 14566831]

Bleeker M.C.G., Hogewoning C.J.A., Voorhorst F.J., van den Brule A.J.C., Berkhof J., Hesselink A.T., Lettink M., Starink T.M., Stoof T.J., Snijders P.J.F., Meijer C.J.L.M. HPV-associated flat penile lesions in men of a non-STD hospital population: Less frequent and smaller in size than in male sexual partners of women with CIN. Int. J. Cancer. 2005a;113:36–41. [PubMed: 15386360]

Bleeker M.C., Berkhof H., Hogewoning C.J., Voorhorst F.J., van den Brule A.J., Starink T.M., Snjeders P.J., Meijer C.J.L.M. HPV type concordance in sexual couples determines the effect of condoms on regression of flat penile lesions. Br. J. Cancer. 2005b;92:1388–1392. [PMC free article: PMC2361997] [PubMed: 15812547]

Blessing K., McLaren K.M., Benton E.C., Barr B.B., Bunney M.H., Smith I.W., Beveridge G.W. Histopathology of skin lesions in renal allograft recipients — An assessment of viral features and dysplasia. Histopathology. 1989;14:129–139. [PubMed: 2540085]

Blessing K., McLaren K.M., Morris R., Barr B.B., Benton E.C., Alloub M., Bunney M.H., Smith I.W., Smart G.E., Bird C.C. Detection of human papillomavirus in skin and genital lesions of renal allograft recipients by in situ hybridization. Histopathology. 1990;16:181–185. [PubMed: 2157656]

Bloch N., Breen M. Bovine papillomavirus type 5: Partial sequence and comparison with other bovine papillomaviruses. Virus Genes. 1997;14:171–174. [PubMed: 9311560]

Bloch N., Sutton R.H., Spradbrow P.B. Bovine cutaneous papillomas associated with bovine papillomavirus type 5. Arch. Virol. 1994a;138:373–377. [PubMed: 7998842]

Bloch N., Breen M., Spradbrow P.B. Genomic sequences of bovine papillomaviruses in formalin-fixed sarcoids from Australian horses revealed by polymerase chain reaction. Vet. Microbiol. 1994b;41:163–172. [PubMed: 7801519]

Blumenthal P.D., Gaffikin L., Chirenje Z.M., McGrath J., Womack S., Shah K. Adjunctive testing for cervical cancer in low resource settings with visual inspection, HPV, and the Pap smear. Int. J. Gynecol. Obst. 2001;72:47–53. [PubMed: 11146077]

Bodaghi S., Yamanegi K., Xiao S.-Y., Da Costa M., Palefsky J.M., Zheng Z.-M. Colorectal papillomavirus infection in patients with colorectal cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 2005;11:2862–2867. [PMC free article: PMC1479314] [PubMed: 15837733]

Boguszaková L., Hirsch I., Brichácek B., Faltyn J., Fric P., Dvoráková H., Vonka V. Absence of cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and papillomavirus DNA from adenoma and adenocarcinoma of the colon. Acta virol. 1988;32:303–308. [PubMed: 2903634]

Bohlmeyer T., Le T.N., Shroyer L., Markham N., Shroyer K.R. Detection of human papillomavirus in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung by polymerase chain reaction. Am. J. respir. Cell. mol. Biol. 1998;18:265–269. [PubMed: 9476914]

van Bommel P.F.J., van den Brule A.J.C., Helmerhorst T.J.M., Gallee M.P.W., Gaarenstroom K.N., Walboomers J.M.M., Meijer C.J.L.M., Kenemans P. HPV DNA presence and HPV genotypes as prognostic factors in low-stage squamous cell cervical cancer. Gynecol. Oncol. 1993;48:333–337. [PubMed: 8385059]

Boner W., Taylor E.R., Tsirimonaki E., Yamane K., Campo M.S., Morgan I.M. A functional interaction between the human papillomavirus 16 transcription/replication factor E2 and the DNA damage response protein TopBP1. J. biol. Chem. 2002;277:22297–22303. [PubMed: 11934899]

Bongain A., Rampal A., Durant J., Michiels J.-F., Dellamonica P., Gillet J.-Y. Cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. reprod. Biol. 1996;65:195–199. [PubMed: 8730624]

Bonnez W., Da Rin C, Rose R.C, Reichman R.C. Use of human papillomavirus type 11 virions in an ELISA to detect specific antibodies in humans with condylomata acuminata. J. gen. Virol. 1991;72:1343–1347. [PubMed: 1646276]

Bonnez W., Rose R.C., Reichman R.C. Antibody-mediated neutralization of human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11) infection in the nude mouse: Detection of HPV-11 mRNAs. J. infect. Dis. 1992;165:376–380. [PubMed: 1309849]

Bonnez W., Elswick R.K. Jr, Bailey-Farchione A., Hallahan D., Bell R., Isenberg R., Stoler M.H., Reichman R.C. Efficacy and safety of 0.5% podofilox solution in the treatment and suppression of anogenital warts. Am. J. Med. 1994;96:420–425. [PubMed: 8192173]

Bontkes H.J., van Duin M., de Gruijl T.D., Duggan-Keen M.F., Walboomers J.M.M., Stukart M.J., Verheijen R.H.M., Helmerhorst T.J.M., Meijer C.J.L.M., Scheper R.J., Stevens F.R.A., Dyer P.A., Sinnott P., Stern P.L. HPV 16 infection and progression of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia: Analysis of HLA polymorphism and HPV 16 E6 sequence variants. Int. J. Cancer. 1998;78:166–171. [PubMed: 9754647]

Bontkes H.J., de Gruijl T.D., Walboomers J.M.M., Schiller J.T., Dillner J., Helmerhorst T.J.M., Verheijen R.H.M., Scheper R.J., Meijer C.J.L.M. Immune responses against human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 virus-like particles in a cohort study of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. II. Systemic but not local IgA responses correlate with clearance of HPV-16. J. gen. Virol. 1999;80:409–417. [PubMed: 10073701]

Boon M.E., Baak J.P.A., Kurver P.J.H., Overdiep S.H., Verdonk G.W. Adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix: An underdiagnosed lesion. Cancer. 1981;48:768–773. [PubMed: 7248903]

Borchers A., Braspenning J., Meijer J., Osen W., Gissmann L., Jochmus I. E7-specific cytotoxic T cell tolerance in HPV-transgenic mice. Arch. Virol. 1999;144:1539–1556. [PubMed: 10486109]

Borg A.J., Medley G., Garland S.M. Prevalence of HPV in a Melbourne female STD population: Comparison of RNA and DNA probes in detecting HPV by dot blot hybridization. Int. J. sex transm. Dis. AIDS. 1993;4:159–164. [PubMed: 8391855]

Borger D.R., Mi Y.-D., Geslani G., Zyzak L.L., Batova A., Engin T.S.W., Pirisi L., Creek K.E. Retinoic acid resistance at late stages of human papillomavirus type 16-mediated transformation of human keratinocytes arises despite intact retinoid signaling and is due to a loss of sensitivity to transforming growth factor-β. Virology. 2000;270:397–407. [PubMed: 10792999]

Bornstein J., Shapiro S., Rahat M., Goldshmid N., Goldik Z., Abramovici H., Lahat N. Polymerase chain reaction search for viral etiology of vulvar vestibulitis syndrome. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1996;175:139–144. [PubMed: 8694039]

Bornstein J., Pascal B., Zarfati D., Goldshmid N., Abramovici H. Recombinant human interferon-β for condylomata acuminata: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of intralesional therapy. Int. J. STD AIDS. 1997;8:614–621. [PubMed: 9310220]

Borysiewicz L.K., Fiander A., Nimako M., Man S., Wilkinson G.W.G., Westmoreland D., Evans A.S., Adams M., Stacey S.N., Boursnell M.E.G., Rutherford E., Hickling J.K., Inglis S.C. A recombinant vaccinia virus encoding human papillomavirus types 16 and 18, E6 and E7 proteins as immunotherapy for cervical cancer. Lancet. 1996;347:1523–1527. [PubMed: 8684105]

Borzacchiello G., Ambrosio V., Galati P., Poggiali F., Venuti A., Roperto F. The pagetoid variant of urothelial carcinoma in situ of urinary bladder in a cow. Vet. Pathol. 2001;38:113–116. [PubMed: 11199158]

Borzacchiello G., Iovane G., Marcante M.L., Poggiali F., Roperto F., Roperto S., Venuti A. Presence of bovine papillomavirus type 2 DNA and expression of the viral oncoprotein E5 in naturally occurring urinary bladder tumours in cows. J. gen. Virol. 2003a;84:2921–2926. [PubMed: 14573796]

Borzacchiello G., Ambrosio V., Roperto S., Poggiali F., Tsirimonakis E., Venuti A., Campo M.S., Roperto F. Bovine papillomavirus type 4 in oesophageal papillomas of cattle from the south of Italy. J. comp. Pathol. 2003b;128:203–206. [PubMed: 12634101]

Bosch F.X., Muñoz N., de Sanjosé S., Izarzugaza I., Gili M., Viladiu P., Tormo M.J., Moreo P., Ascunce N., Gonzalez L.C., Tafur L., Kaldor J.M., Guerrero E., Aristizabal N., Santamaria M., Alonso de Ruiz P., Shan K.V. Risk factors for cervical cancer in Colombia and Spain. Int. J. Cancer. 1992;52:750–758. [PubMed: 1330934]

Bosch F.X., Manos M.M., Muñoz N., Sherman M., Jansen A.M., Peto J., Schiffman M.H., Moreno V., Kurman R., Shah K.V., for the International Biological Study on Cervical Cancer (IBSCC) Study Group. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in cervical cancer: A worldwide perspective. J. natl Cancer Inst. 1995;87:796–802. [PubMed: 7791229]

Bosch F.X., Castellsagué X., Muñoz N., de Sanjosé S., Ghaffari A.M., Gonzalez L.C., Gili M., Izarzugaza I., Viladiu P., Navarro C., Vergara A., Ascunce N., Guerrero E., Shah K.V. Male sexual behavior and human papillomavirus DNA: Key risk factors for cervical cancer in Spain. J. natl Cancer Inst. 1996;88:1060–1067. [PubMed: 8683637]

Boshart M., Gissmann L., Ikenberg H., Kleinheinz A., Scheurlen W., zur Hausen H. A new type of papillomavirus DNA, its presence in genital cancer biopsies and in cell lines derived from cervical cancer. EMBO J. 1984;3:1151–1157. [PMC free article: PMC557488] [PubMed: 6329740]

Boucher N.R., Scholefield J.H., Anderson J.B. The aetiological significance of human papillomavirus in bladder cancer. Br. J. Urol. 1996;78:866–869. [PubMed: 9014710]

Boursnell M.E.G., Rutherford E., Hickling J.K., Rollinson E.A., Munro A.J., Rolley N., McLean C.S., Borysiewicz L.K., Vousden K., Inglis S.C. Construction and characterisation of a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing human papillomavirus proteins for immunotherapy of cervical cancer. Vaccine. 1996;14:1485–1494. [PMC free article: PMC7130629] [PubMed: 9014288]

Bousarghin L., Combita-Rojas A.-L., Touzé A., El Mehdaoui S., Sizaret P.-Y., Bravo M.M., Coursaget P. Detection of neutralizing antibodies against human papillomaviruses (HPV) by inhibition of gene transfer mediated by HPV pseudovirions. J. clin. Microbiol. 2002;40:926–932. [PMC free article: PMC120236] [PubMed: 11880418]

Bouvard V., Storey A., Pim D., Banks L. Characterization of the human papillomavirus E2 protein: Evidence of trans-activation and trans-repression in cervical keratinocytes. EMBO J. 1994a;13:5451–5459. [PMC free article: PMC395503] [PubMed: 7957111]

Bouvard V., Matlashewski G., Gu Z.-M., Storey A., Banks L. The human papillomavirus type 16 E5 gene cooperates with the E7 gene to stimulate proliferation of primary cells and increases viral gene expression. Virology. 1994b;203:73–80. [PubMed: 8030286]

Bouwes Bavinck J.N., Berkhout R.J.M. HPV infections and immunosuppression. Clin. Dermatol. 1997;15:427–437. [PubMed: 9255448]

Bouwes Bavinck J.N., Hardie D.R., Green A., Cutmore S., MacNaught A., O'Sullivan B., Siskind V., Van Der Woude F.J., Hardie I.R. The risk of skin cancer in renal transplant recipients in Queensland, Australia. A follow-up study. Transplantation. 1996;61:715–721. [PubMed: 8607173]

Bouwes Bavinck J.N., Feltkamp M., Struijk L., ter Schegget J. Human papillomavirus infection and skin cancer risk in organ transplant recipients. J. invest. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. 2001;6:207–211. [PubMed: 11924829]

Bowden F.J., Paterson B.A., Mein J., Savage J., Fairley C.K., Garland S.M., Tabrizi S.N. Estimating the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and human papillomavirus infection in indigenous women in northern Australia. Sex. transm. Infect. 1999;75:431–434. [PMC free article: PMC1758254] [PubMed: 10754952]

Bower M., Powles T., Newsom-Davis T., Thirlwell C., Stebbing J., Mandalia S., Nelson M., Gazzard B. HIV-associated anal cancer: Has highly active antiretroviral therapy reduced the incidence or improved the outcome? J. acquir. immune Defic. Syndr. 2004;37:1563–1565. [PubMed: 15577408]

Boxman I.L.A., Berkhout R.J.M., Mulder L.H.C., Wolkers M.C., Bouwes Bavinck J.N., Vermeer B.J., ter Schegget J. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in plucked hairs from renal transplant recipients and healthy volunteers. J. invest. Dermatol. 1997;108:712–715. [PubMed: 9129220]

Boxman I.L.A., Mulder L.H.C., Russell A., Bouwes Bavinck J.N., Green A., ter Schegget J. Human papillomavirus type 5 is commonly present in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent individuals. Br. J. Dermatol. 1999;141:246–249. [PubMed: 10468795]

Boxman I.L.A., Russell A., Mulder L.H.C., Bouwes Bavinck J.N., ter Schegget J., Green A., the Nambour Skin Cancer Prevention Study Group. Case–control study in a subtropical Australian population to assess the relation between non-melanoma skin cancer and epidermodysplasia verruciformis human papillomavirus DNA in plucked eyebrow hairs. Int. J. Cancer. 2000;86:118–121. [PubMed: 10728604]

Boxman I.L.A., Russell A., Mulder L.H.C., Bouwes Bavinck J.N., ter Schegget J., Green A., Collaborators of the Nambour Prevention Study. Association between epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus DNA in plucked eyebrow hair and solar keratoses. J. invest. Dermatol. 2001;117:1108–1112. [PubMed: 11710920]

Boyer S.N., Wazer D.E., Band V. E7 protein of human papilloma virus-16 induces degradation of retinoblastoma protein through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Cancer Res. 1996;56:4620–4624. [PubMed: 8840974]

Boyle D.C.M., Smith J.R. Infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer. 1999;9:177–186. [PubMed: 11240764]

Boyle D.C.M., Barton S.E., Uthayakumar S., Hay P.E., Pollock J.W., Steer P.J., Smith J.R. Is bacterial vaginosis associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia? Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer. 2003;13:159–163. [PubMed: 12657117]

Braakhuis B.J.M., Snijders P.J.F., Keune W.-J.H., Meijer C.J.L.M., Ruijter-Schippers H.J., Leemans C.R., Brakenhoff R.H. Genetic patterns in head and neck cancers that contain or lack transcriptionally active human papillomavirus. J. natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:998–1006. [PubMed: 15240783]

Bradford C.R., Hoffman H.T., Wolf G.T., Carey T.E., Baker S.R., McClatchey K.D. Squamous carcinoma of the head and neck in organ transplant recipients: Possible role of oncogenic virus. Laryngoscope. 1990;100:190–194. [PubMed: 2153884]

Bradshaw B.R, Nuovo G.J., DiCostanzo D., Cohen S.R. Human papillomavirus type 16 in a homosexual man. Association with perianal carcinoma in situ and condyloma acuminatum. Arch. Dermatol. 1992;128:949–952. [PubMed: 1320850]

Brake T., Lambert P.F. Estrogen contributes to the onset, persistence, and malignant progression of cervical cancer in a human papillomavirus-transgenic mouse model. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 2005;102:2490–2495. [PMC free article: PMC548999] [PubMed: 15699322]

Brake T., Connor J.P., Petereit D.G., Lambert P.F. Comparative analysis of cervical cancer in women and in a human papillomavirus-transgenic mouse model: Identification of minichromosome maintenance protein 7 as an informative biomarker for human cervical cancer. Cancer Res. 2003;63:8173–8180. [PubMed: 14678972]

Branca M., Delfino A., Rossi E., Giacomini G., Leoncini L., Riti M.G., Morosini P.L. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and human papillomavirus related lesions of the genital tract in HIV positive and negative women. Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol. 1995;16:410–417. [PubMed: 8549609]

Branca M., Migliore G., Giuliani M., Leoncini L., Ippolito G., Cappiello G., Garbuglia A.R., Schiesari A., Rezza G., the DIANAIDS Cooperative Study Group. Squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and HPV associated changes in HIV infected women or at risk of HIV. Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol. 2000;21:155–159. [PubMed: 10843475]

Branca M., Garbuglia A.R., Benedetto A., Cappiello T., Leoncini L., Migliore G., Agarossi A., Syrjanen K., the DIANAIDS Cooperative Study Group. Factors predicting the persistence of genital human papillomavirus infections and PAP smear abnormality in HIV-positive and HIV-negative women during prospective follow-up. Int. J. STD AIDS. 2003;14:417–425. [PubMed: 12816671]

Branca M., Costa S., Mariani L., Sesti F., Agarossi A., di Carlo A., Galati M., Benedetto A., Ciotti M., Giorgi C., Criscuolo A., Valieri M., Favalli C., Paba P., Santini D., Piccione E., Alderisio M., De Nuzzo M., di Bonito L., Syrjanen K. Assessment of risk factors and human papillomavirus (HPV) related pathogenetic mechanisms of CIN in HIV-positive and HIV-negative women. Study design and baseline data of the HPV-PathogenISS Study. Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol. 2004;25:689–698. [PubMed: 15597844]

Brandsma J.L., Abramson A.L. Association of papillomavirus with cancers of the head and neck. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 1989;115:621–625. [PubMed: 2539843]

Brannon A.R., Maresca J.A., Boeke J.D., Basrai M.A., McBride A.A. Reconstitution of papillomavirus E2-mediated plasmid maintenance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the Brd4 bromodomain protein. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 2005;102:2998–3003. [PMC free article: PMC549465] [PubMed: 15710895]

Bratthauer G.L., Tavassoli F.A., O'Leary T.J. Etiology of breast carcinoma: No apparent role for papillomavirus types 6/11/16/18. Pathol. Res. Pract. 1992;188:384–386. [PubMed: 1320761]

Bregman C.L., Hirth R.S., Sundberg J.P., Christensen E.F. Cutaneous neoplasms in dogs associated with canine oral papillomavirus vaccine. Vet. Pathol. 1987;24:477–487. [PubMed: 2842917]

Brehm A., Miska E.A., McCance D.J., Reid J.L., Bannister A.J., Kouzarides T. Retinoblastoma protein recruits histone deacetylase to repress transcription. Nature. 1998;391:597–601. [PubMed: 9468139]

Brehm A., Nielsen S.J., Miska E.A., McCance D.J., Reid J.L., Bannister A.J., Kouzarides T. The E7 oncoprotein associates with Mi2 and histone deacetylase activity to promote cell growth. EMBO J. 1999;18:2449–2458. [PMC free article: PMC1171327] [PubMed: 10228159]

Breitburd F., Coursaget P. Human papillomavirus vaccines. Semin. Cancer Biol. 1999;9:431–445. [PubMed: 10712890]

Breitburd F., Kirnbauer R., Hubbert N.L., Nonnenmacher B., Trin-Dinh-Desmarquet C., Orth G., Schiller J.T., Lowy D.R. Immunization with viruslike particles from cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) can protect against experimental CRPV infection. J. Virol. 1995;69:3959–3963. [PMC free article: PMC189126] [PubMed: 7745754]

Briggs M.W., Adam J.L., McCance D.J. The human papillomavirus type 16 E5 protein alters vacuolar H⁺-ATPase function and stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Virology. 2001;280:169–175. [PubMed: 11162831]

Brinton, L.A. (1992) Epidemiology of cervical cancer — Overview. In: Muñoz, N., Bosch, F.X., Shah, K.V. & Meheus, A., eds, The Epidemiology of Cervical Cancer and Human Papillomavirus (IARC Scientific Publications No. 199). Lyon, pp. 3–23.

Brinton L.A., Tashima K.T., Lehman H.F., Levine R.S., Mallin K., Savitz D.A., Stolley P.D., Fraumeni J.F. Jr. Epidemiology of cervical cancer by cell type. Cancer Res. 1987;47:1706–1711. [PubMed: 3815368]

Brouchet L., Valmary S., Dahan M., Didier A., Galateau-Salle F., Brousset P., Degano B. Detection of oncogenic virus genomes and gene products in lung carcinoma. Br. J. Cancer. 2005;92:743–746. [PMC free article: PMC2361883] [PubMed: 15700034]

Browder J.F., Araujo O.E., Myer N.A., Flowers F.P. The interferons and their use in condyloma acuminata. Ann. Pharmacother. 1992;26:42–45. [PubMed: 1376628]

Brown D.R., Bryan J.T. Abnormalities of cornified cell envelopes isolated from human papillomavirus type 11-infected genital epithelium. Virology. 2000;271:65–70. [PubMed: 10814571]

Brown M.R., Noffsinger A., First M.R., Penn I., Husseinzadeh N. HPV subtype analysis in lower genital tract neoplasms of female renal transplant recipients. Gynecol. Oncol. 2000;79:220–224. [PubMed: 11063648]

van den Brule A.J.C., Meijer C.J.L.M., Bakels V., Kenemans P., Walboomers J.M.M. Rapid detection of human papillomavirus in cervical scrapes by combined general primer-mediated and type-specific polymerase chain reaction. J. clin. Microbiol. 1990;28:2739–2743. [PMC free article: PMC268265] [PubMed: 2177751]

van den Brule A.J.C., Pol R., Fransen-Daalmeijer N., Schouls L.M., Meijer C.J.L.M., Snijders P.J.F. GP5+/6+ PCR followed by reverse line blot analysis enables rapid and high-throughput identification of human papillomavirus genotypes. J. clin. Microbiol. 2002;40:779–787. [PMC free article: PMC120256] [PubMed: 11880393]

Brumm C., Rivière A., Wilckens C., Löning T. Immunohistochemical investigation and northern blot analysis of c-erb-B-2 expression in normal, premalignant and malignant tissues of the corpus and cervix uteri. Virchows Arch. A. pathol. Anat. Histopathol. 1990;417:477–484. [PubMed: 1980167]

Bryant P., Davies P., Wilson D. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in cancer of the urinary bladder by in situ hybridisation. Br. J. Urol. 1991;68:49–52. [PubMed: 1651798]

Bubb V., McCance D.J., Schlegel R. DNA sequence of the HPV-16 E5 ORF and the structural conservation of its encoded protein. Virology. 1988;163:243–246. [PubMed: 2831662]

Buchwald C., Franzmann M.-B., Jacobsen G.K., Juhl B.R., Lindeberg H. Carcinomas occurring in papillomas of the nasal septum associated with human papilloma virus (HPV). Rhinology. 1997;35:74–78. [PubMed: 9299655]

Buchwald C., Lindeberg H., Pedersen B.L., Franzmann M.-B. Human papilloma virus and p53 expression in carcinomas associated with sinonasal papillomas: A Danish epidemiological study 1980–1998. Laryngoscope. 2001;111:1104–1110. [PubMed: 11404629]

Bulk S., van Kemenade F.J., Rozendaal L., Meijer C.J.L.M. The Dutch CISOE-A framework for cytology reporting increases efficacy of screening upon standardisation since 1996. J. clin. Pathol. 2004;57:388–393. [PMC free article: PMC1770272] [PubMed: 15047743]

Bulkmans N.W.J., Rozendaal L., Snijders P.J.F., Voorhorst F.J., Boeke A.J.P., Zandwijken G.R.J., van Kemenade F.J., Verheijen R.H.M., von Groningen K., Boon M.E., Keuning H.J.F., van Ballegooijen M., van den Brule A.J.C., Meijer C.J.L.M. POBASCAM, a population-based randomized controlled trial for implementation of high-risk HPV testing in cervical screening: Design, methods and baseline data of 44 102 women. Int. J. Cancer. 2004;110:94–101. [PubMed: 15054873]

Bulten J., van der Laak J.A.W.M., Gemmink J.H., Pahlplatz M.M.M., de Wilde P.C.M., Hanselaar A,G.J.M. MIB1, a promising marker for the classification of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. J. Pathol. 1996;178:268–273. [PubMed: 8778331]

Buonaguro F.M., Tornesello M.L., Buonaguro L., Del Gaudio E., Beth-Giraldo E., Giraldo G. Role of HIV as cofactor in HPV oncogenesis: In vitro evidences of virus interactions. Antibiot. Chemother. 1994;46:102–109. [PubMed: 7826030]

Buonaguro F.M., Tornesello M.L., Salatiello I., Okong P., Buonaguro L., Beth-Giraldo E., Biryahwaho B., Sempala S.D.K., Giraldo G. The Uganda study on HPV variants and genital cancers. J. clin. Virol. 2000;19:31–41. [PubMed: 11091146]

Burk R.D., Kelly P., Feldman J., Bromberg J., Vermund S.H., DeHovitz J.A., Landesman S.H. Declining prevalence of cervicovaginal human papillomavirus infection with age is independent of other risk factors. Sex. transm. Dis. 1996;23:333–341. [PubMed: 8836027]

Burstein G.R., Gaydos C.A., Diener-West M., Howell M.R., Zenilman J.M., Quinn T.C. Incident Chlamydia trachomatis infections among inner-city adolescent females. J. Am. med. Assoc. 1998;280:521–526. [PubMed: 9707141]

Burstein G.R., Snyder M.H., Conley D., Boekeloo B.O., Quinn T.C., Zenilman J.M. Adolescent chlamydia testing practices and diagnosed infections in a larged managed care organization. Sex. transm. Dis. 2001;28:477–483. [PubMed: 11473222]

Burtscher H., Grundberg W., Meingassner G. Infectious keratoacanthomas of the epidermis in Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis. Naturwissenschaften. 1973;60:209–210. [PubMed: 4709365]

Busson P., Keryer C., Ooka T., Corbex M. EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinomas: From epidemiology to virus-targeting strategies. Trends Microbiol. 2004;12:356–360. [PubMed: 15276610]

Bustos D.A., Grenon M.S., Benitez M., de Boccardo G., Pavan J.V., Gendelman H. Human papillomavirus infection in cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth in renal allograft recipients. J. Periodontol. 2001;72:741–744. [PubMed: 11453235]

Butler D., Collins C., Mabruk M., Barry Walsh C., Leader M.B., Kay E.W. Deletion of the FHIT gene in neoplastic and invasive cervical lesions is related to high-risk HPV infection but is independent of histopathological features. J. Pathol. 2000;192:502–510. [PubMed: 11113868]

Butler D., Collins C., Mabruk M., Leader M.B., Kay E.W. Loss of Fhit expression as a potential marker of malignant progression in preinvasive squamous cervical cancer. Gynecol. Oncol. 2002;86:144–149. [PubMed: 12144820]

Butterworth C.E. Jr, Hatch K.D., Macaluso M., Cole P., Sauberlich H.E., Soong S.J., Borst M., Baker V.V. Folate deficiency and cervical dysplasia. J. Am. med. Assoc. 1992;267:528–533. [PubMed: 1729576]

Byars R.W., Poole G.V., Barber W.H. Anal carcinoma arising from condyloma acuminata. Am Surg. 2001;67:469–472. [PubMed: 11379652]

Byrne J.C., Tsao M.-S., Fraser R.S., Howley P.M. Human papillomavirus-11 DNA in a patient with chronic laryngotracheobronchial papillomatosis and metastatic squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung. New Engl. J. Med. 1987;317:873–878. [PubMed: 2442608]

Cairey-Remonnay S., Humbey O., Mougin C., Algros M.P., Mauny F., Kanitakis J., Euvrard S., Laurent R., Aubin F. TP53 polymorphism of exon 4 at codon 72 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and benign epithelial lesions of renal transplant recipients and immunocompetent individuals: Lack of correlation with human papillomavirus status. J. invest. Dermatol. 2002;118:1026–1031. [PubMed: 12060398]

Caldeira S., Zehbe I., Accardi R., Malanchi I., Dong W., Giarrè M., de Villiers E.-M., Filotico R., Boukamp P., Tommasino M. The E6 and E7 proteins of the cutaneous human papillomavirus type 38 display transforming properties. J. Virol. 2003;77:2195–2206. [PMC free article: PMC140944] [PubMed: 12525654]

Calero L., Brusis T. [Laryngeal papillomatosis — First recognition in Germany as an occupational disease in an operating room nurse.] Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie. 2003;82:790–793. (in German) [PubMed: 14634897]

Calore E.E., Cavaliere M.J., Calore N.M.P. Squamous intraepithelial lesions in cervical smears of human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive adolescents. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1998;18:91–92. [PubMed: 9484635]

Calore E.E., Pereira S.M.M., Cavaliere M.J. Progression of cervical lesions in HIV-seropositive women: A cytological study. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2001;24:117–119. [PubMed: 11169890]

Calos M.P. Stability without a centromere. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 1998;95:4084–4085. [PMC free article: PMC34263] [PubMed: 9539691]

Campo M.S. Animal models of papillomavirus pathogenesis. Virus Res. 2002;89:249–261. [PubMed: 12445664]

Campo M.S., Moar M.H., Jarrett W.F.H., Laird H.M. A new papillomavirus associated with alimentary cancer in cattle. Nature. 1980;286:180–182. [PubMed: 6250043]

Campo M.S., Moar M.H., Laird H.M., Jarrett W.F.H. Molecular heterogeneity and lesion site specificity of cutaneous bovine papillomaviruses. Virology. 1981;113:323–335. [PubMed: 6267786]

Campo M.S., Moar M.H., Sartirana M.L., Kennedy I.M., Jarrett W.F.H. The presence of bovine papillomavirus type 4 DNA is not required for the progression to, or the maintenance of, the malignant state in cancers of the alimentary canal in cattle. EMBO J. 1985;4:1819–1825. [PMC free article: PMC554423] [PubMed: 2992946]

Campo M.S., Jarrett W.F.H., Barron R., O'Neil B.W., Smith K.T. Association of bovine papillomavirus type 2 and bracken fern with bladder cancer in cattle. Cancer Res. 1992;52:6898–6904. [PubMed: 1333885]

Campo M.S., Jarrett W.F.H., O'Neil W., Barron R.J. Latent papillomavirus infection in cattle. Res. vet. Sci. 1994a;56:151–157. [PubMed: 8191003]

Campo M.S., O'Neil B.W., Barron R.J., Jarrett W.F.H. Experimental reproduction of the papilloma–carcinoma complex of the alimentary canal in cattle. Carcinogenesis. 1994b;15:1597–1601. [PubMed: 8055638]

Campo M.S., O'Neil B.W., Grindlay G.J., Curtis F., Knowles G., Chandrachud L. A peptide encoding a B-cell epitope from the N-terminus of the capsid protein L2 of bovine papillomavirus-4 prevents disease. Virology. 1997;234:261–266. [PubMed: 9268157]

Cappiello G., Garbuglia A.R., Salvi R., Rezza G., Giuliani M., Pezzotti P., Suligoi B., Branca M., Migliore G., Formigoni Pomponi D., D'Ubaldo C., Ippolito G., Giacomini G., Benedetto A., the DIANAIDS Collaborative Study Group. HIV infection increases the risk of squamous intra-epithelial lesions in women with HPV infection: An analysis of HPV genotypes. Int. J. Cancer. 1997;72:982–986. [PubMed: 9378562]

Carlson C.A., Ethier S.P. Lack of RB protein correlates with increased sensitivity to UV-radiation-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Radiat. Res. 2000;154:590–599. [PubMed: 11025655]

Carney H.C., England J.J., Hodgin E.C., Whiteley H.E., Adkinson D.L., Sundberg J.P. Papillomavirus infection of aged Persian cats. J. vet. diagn. Invest. 1990;2:294–299. [PubMed: 1965634]

Carozzi F., Lombardi F.C., Zendron P., Confortini M., Sani C., Bisanzi S., Pontenani G., Ciatto S. Association of human papillomavirus with prostate cancer: Analysis of a consecutive series of prostate biopsies. Int. J. biol. Markers. 2004;19:257–261. [PubMed: 15646830]

Carr E.A., Théon A.P., Madewell B.R., Griffey S.M., Hitchcock M.E. Bovine papillomavirus DNA in neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissues obtained from horses with and without sarcoids in the western United States. Am. J. vet. Res. 2001a;62:741–744. [PubMed: 11341396]

Carr E.A., Théon A.P., Madewell B.R., Hitchcock M.E., Schlegel R., Schiller J.T. Expression of a transforming gene (E5) of bovine papillomavirus in sarcoids obtained from horses. Am. J. vet. Res. 2001b;62:1212–1217. [PubMed: 11497440]

Carter J.J., Hagensee M., Taflin M.C., Lee S.K., Koutsky L.A., Galloway D.A. HPV-1 capsids expressed in vitro detect human serum antibodies associated with foot warts. Virology. 1993;195:456–462. [PubMed: 7687802]

Carter J.J., Hagensee M.B., Lee S.K., McKnight B., Koutsky L.A., Galloway D.A. Use of HPV-1 capsids produced by recombinant vaccinia viruses in an ELISA to detect serum antibodies in people with foot warts. Virology. 1994;199:284–291. [PubMed: 7510082]

Carter J.J., Wipf G.C., Hagensee M.E., McKnight B., Habel L.A., Lee S.-K., Kuypers J., Kiviat N., Daling J.R., Koutsky L.A., Watts D.H., Holmes K.K., Galloway D.A. Use of human papillomavirus type 6 capsids to detect antibodies in people with genital warts. J. infect. Dis. 1995;172:11–18. [PubMed: 7797899]

Carter P.S., de Ruiter A., Whatrup C., Katz D.R., Ewings P., Mindel A., Northover J.M.A. Human immunodeficiency virus infection and genital warts as risk factors for anal intraepithelial neoplasia in homosexual men. Br. J. Surg. 1995;82:473–474. [PubMed: 7613888]

Carter J.J., Koutsky L.A., Wipf G.C., Christensen N.D., Lee S.-K., Kuypers J., Kiviat N., Galloway D.A. The natural history of human papillomavirus type 16 capsid antibodies among a cohort of university women. J. infect. Dis. 1996;174:927–936. [PubMed: 8896492]

Carter J.J., Koutsky L.A., Hughes J.P., Lee S.K., Kuypers J., Kiviat N., Galloway D.A. Comparison of human papillomavirus types 16, 18, and 6 capsid antibody responses following incident infection. J. infect. Dis. 2000;181:1911–1919. [PubMed: 10837170]

Carter J.J., Madeleine M.M., Shera K., Schwartz S.M., Cushing-Haugen K.L., Wipf G.C., Porter P., Daling J.R., McDougall J.K., Galloway D.A. Human papillomavirus 16 and 18 L1 serology compared across anogenital cancer sites. Cancer Res. 2001;61:1934–1940. [PubMed: 11280749]

Carter J.J., Wipf G.C., Benki S.F., Christensen N.D., Galloway D.A. Identification of a human papillomavirus type 16-specific epitope on the C-terminal arm of the major capsid protein L1. J. Virol. 2003;77:11625–11632. [PMC free article: PMC229369] [PubMed: 14557648]

Carter J.J., Wipf G.C., Madeleine M.M., Schwartz S.M., Koutsky L.A., Galloway D.A. Identification of human papillomavirus type 16 L1 surface loops required for neutralization by human sera. J. Virol. 2006;80:4664–4672. [PMC free article: PMC1472072] [PubMed: 16641259]

Caruso M.L., Valentini A.M. Different human papillomavirus genotypes in ano-genital lesions. Anticancer Res. 1999;19:3049–3053. [PubMed: 10652591]

Cason J., Kaye J., Pakarian F., Raju K.S., Best J.M. HPV-16 transmission. Lancet. 1995;345:197–198. [PubMed: 7823697]

Castellsagué X., Muñoz N. Chapter 3: Cofactors in human papillomavirus carcinogenesis — Role of parity, oral contraceptives, and tobacco smoking. J. natl Cancer Inst. Monogr. 2003;31:20–28. [PubMed: 12807941]

Castellsagué X., Ghaffari A., Daniel R.W., Bosch F.X., Muñoz N., Shah K.V. Prevalence of penile human papillomavirus DNA in husbands of women with and without cervical neoplasia: A study in Spain and Colombia. J. infect. Dis. 1997;176:353–361. [PubMed: 9237700]

Castellsagué X., Menéndez C., Loscertales M.-P., Kornegay J.R., dos Santos F., Gómez-Olivé F.X., Lloveras B., Abarca N., Vaz N., Barreto A., Bosch F.X., Alonso P. Human papillomavirus genotypes in rural Mozambique. Lancet. 2001;358:1429–1430. [PubMed: 11705494]

Castellsagué X., Bosch F.X., Muñoz N., Meijer C.J.L.M., Shah K.V., de Sanjosé S., Eluf-Neto J., Ngelangel C.A., Chichareon S., Smith J.S., Herrero R., Franceschi S., for the International Agency for Research on Cancer Multicenter Cervical Cancer Study Group. Male circumcision, penile human papillomavirus infection, and cervical cancer in female partners. New Engl. J. Med. 2002;346:1105–1112. [PubMed: 11948269]

Castellsagué X., Bosch F.X., Muñoz N. The male role in cervical cancer. Salud publica Mex. 2003;45 Suppl. 3:S345–S353. [PubMed: 14746027]

Castle P.E., Giuliano A.R. Genital tract infections, cervical inflammation, and antioxidant nutrients — Assessing their roles as human papillomavirus cofactors. J. natl Cancer Inst. Monogr. 2003;31:29–34. [PubMed: 12807942]

Castle P.E., Hillier S.L., Rabe L.K., Hildesheim A., Herrero R., Bratti M.C., Sherman M.E., Burk R.D., Rodriguez A.C., Alfaro M., Hutchinson M.L., Morales J., Schiffman M. An association of cervical inflammation with high-grade cervical neoplasia in women infected with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV). Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2001;10:1021–1027. [PubMed: 11588127]

Castle P.E., Schiffman M., Gravitt P.E., Kendall H., Fishman S., Dong H., Hildesheim A., Herrero R., Bratti M.C., Sherman M.E., Lorincz A., Schussler J.E., Burk R.D. Comparisons of HPV DNA detection by MY09/11 PCR methods. J. med. Virol. 2002a;68:417–423. [PubMed: 12226831]

Castle P.E., Wacholder S., Lorincz A.T., Scott D.R., Sherman M.E., Glass A.G., Rush B.B., Schussler J.E., Schiffman M. A prospective study of high-grade cervical neoplasia risk among human papillomavirus-infected women. J. natl Cancer Inst. 2002b;94:1406–1414. [PubMed: 12237286]

Castle P.E., Lorincz A.T., Scott D.R., Sherman M.E., Glass A.G., Rush B.B., Wacholder S., Burk R.D., Manos M.M., Schussler J.E., Macomber P., Schiffman M. Comparison between prototype Hybrid Capture 3 and Hybrid Capture 2 human papillomavirus DNA assays for detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer. J. clin. Microbiol. 2003a;41:4022–4030. [PMC free article: PMC193854] [PubMed: 12958220]

Castle P.E., Escoffery C., Schachter J., Rattray C., Schiffman M., Moncada J., Sugai K., Brown C., Cranston B., Hanchard B., Palefsky J.M., Burk R.D., Hutchinson M.L., Strickler H.D. Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus 2, and human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 are not associated with grade of cervical neoplasia in Jamaican colposcopy patients. Sex. transm. Dis. 2003b;30:575–580. [PubMed: 12838087]

Castle P.E., Solomon D., Schiffman M., Wheeler C.M., for the ALTS Group. Human papillomavirus type 16 infections and 2-year absolute risk of cervical precancer in women with equivocal or mild cytologic abnormalities. J. natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97:1066–1071. [PubMed: 16030304]

Cattani P., Hohaus S., Bellacosa A., Genuardi M., Cavallo S., Rovella V., Almadori G., Cadoni G., Galli J., Maurizi M., Fadda G., Neri G. Association between cyclin D1 (CCND1) gene amplification and human papillomavirus infection in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 1998;4:2585–2589. [PubMed: 9829720]

Cavatorta A.L., Fumero G., Chouhy D., Aguirre R., Nocito A.L., Giri A.A., Banks L., Gardiol D. Differential expression of the human homologue of Drosophila discs large oncosuppressor in histologic samples from human papillomavirus-associated lesions as a marker for progression to malignancy. Int. J. Cancer. 2004;111:373–380. [PubMed: 15221964]

Cecchini S., Bonardi R., Mazzotta A., Grazzini G., Iossa A., Ciatto S. Testing cervicography and cervicoscopy as screening tests for cervical cancer. Tumori. 1993;79:22–25. [PubMed: 8497916]

Chambers G., Ellsmore V.A., O'Brien P.M., Reid S.W.J., Love S., Campo M.S., Nasir L. Association of bovine papillomavirus with the equine sarcoid. J. gen. Virol. 2003a;84:1055–1062. [PubMed: 12692268]

Chambers G., Ellsmore V.A., O'Brien P.M., Reid S.W.J., Love S., Campo M.S., Nasir. L. Sequence variants of bovine papillomavirus E5 detected in equine sarcoids. Virus Res. 2003b;96:141–145. [PubMed: 12951274]

Chan W.-K., Klock G., Bernard H.-U. Progesterone and glucocorticoid response elements occur in the long control regions of several human papillomaviruses involved in anogenital neoplasia. J. Virol. 1989;63:3261–3269. [PMC free article: PMC250897] [PubMed: 2545902]

Chan S.-Y., Ho L., Ong C.-K., Chow V., Drescher B., Durst M., ter Meulen J., Villa L., Luande J., Mgaya H.N., Bernard H.-U. Molecular variants of human papillomavirus type 16 from four continents suggest ancient pandemic spread of the virus and its coevolution with humankind. J. Virol. 1992a;66:2057–2066. [PMC free article: PMC288996] [PubMed: 1312620]

Chan S.-Y., Bernard H.-U., Ong C.-K., Chan S.-P., Hofmann B., Delius H. Phylogenetic analysis of 48 papillomavirus types and 28 subtypes and variants: A showcase for the molecular evolution of DNA viruses. J. Virol. 1992b;66:5714–5725. [PMC free article: PMC241446] [PubMed: 1326639]

Chan S.-Y., Tan C.-H., Delius H., Bernard H.-U. Human papillomavirus type 2c is identical to human papillomavirus type 27. Virology. 1994;201:397–398. [PubMed: 8184550]

Chan S.-Y., Delius H., Halpern A.L., Bernard H.-U. Analysis of genomic sequences of 95 papillomavirus types: Uniting typing, phylogeny, and taxonomy. J. Virol. 1995;69:3074–3083. [PMC free article: PMC189008] [PubMed: 7707535]

Chan K.W., Wong K.Y., Srivastava G. Prevalence of six types of human papillomavirus in inverted papilloma and papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: An evaluation by polymerase chain reaction. J. clin. Pathol. 1997;50:1018–1021. [PMC free article: PMC500384] [PubMed: 9516885]

Chan S.-Y., Bernard H.-U., Ratterree M., Birkebak T.A., Faras A.J., Ostrow R.S. Genomic diversity and evolution of papillomaviruses in rhesus monkeys. J. Virol. 1997a;71:4938–4943. [PMC free article: PMC191724] [PubMed: 9188556]

Chan S.-Y., Ostrow R.S., Faras A.J., Bernard H.-U. Genital papillomaviruses (PVs) and epidermodysplasia verruciformis PVs occur in the same monkey species: Implications for PV evolution. Virology. 1997b;228:213–217. [PubMed: 9123827]

Chan P.K.S., Chan M.Y.M., Li W.W.H., Chan D.P.C., Cheung J.L.K., Cheng A.F. Association of human β-herpesviruses with the development of cervical cancer: Bystanders or cofactors. J. clin. Pathol. 2001;54:48–53. [PMC free article: PMC1731269] [PubMed: 11271789]

Chandrachud L.M., Grindlay G.J., McGarvie G.M., O'Neil B.W., Wagner E.R., Jarrett W.F.H., Campo M.S. Vaccination of cattle with the N-terminus of L2 is necessary and sufficient for preventing infection by bovine papillomavirus-4. Virology. 1995;211:204–208. [PubMed: 7544045]

Chang Y.E., Laimins L.A. Microarray analysis identifies interferon-inducible genes and Stat-1 as major transcriptional targets of human papillomavirus type 31. J. Virol. 2000;74:4174–4182. [PMC free article: PMC111932] [PubMed: 10756030]

Chang F., Syrjänen S., Shen Q., Wang L., Wang D., Syrjänen K. Human papillomavirus involvement in esophageal precancerous lesions and squamous cell carcinomas as evidenced by microscopy and different DNA techniques. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 1992;27:553–563. [PubMed: 1322555]

Chang F., Lipponen P., Tervahauta A., Syrjänen S., Syrjänen K. Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: Failure to demonstrate human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid by in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. J. Urol. 1994;152:1429–1433. [PubMed: 7933176]

Chang F., Syrjänen S., Shen Q., Cintorino M., Santopietro R., Tosi P., Syrjänen K. Human papillomavirus involvement in esophageal carcinogenesis in the high-incidence area of China. A study of 700 cases by screening and type-specific in situ hybridization. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 2000;35:123–130. [PubMed: 10720108]

Chang J.-L., Tsao Y.-P., Liu D.-W., Huang S.-J., Lee W.-H., Chen S.-L. The expression of HPV-16 E5 protein in squamous neoplastic changes in the uterine cervix. J. biomed. Sci. 2001;8:206–213. [PubMed: 11287752]

Chang J.Y.-F., Lin M.-C., Chiang C.-P. High-risk human papillomaviruses may have an important role in non-oral habits-associated oral squamous cell carcinomas in Taiwan. Am. J. clin. Pathol. 2003;120:909–916. [PubMed: 14671980]

Chatterjee R., Mukhopadhyay D., Murmu N., Mitra P.K. Correlation between human papillomavirus DNA detection in maternal cervical smears and buccal swabs of infants. Indian J. exp. Biol. 1998;36:199–202. [PubMed: 9754051]

Chee Y.H., Namkoong S.E., Kim D.H., Kim S.J., Park J.S. Immunologic diagnosis and monitoring of cervical cancers using in vitro translated HPV proteins. Gynecol. Oncol. 1995;57:226–231. [PubMed: 7729739]

Chellappan S., Kraus V.B., Kroger B., Munger K., Howley P.M., Phelps W.C., Nevins J.R. Adenovirus E1A, simian virus 40 tumor antigen, and human papillomavirus E7 protein share the capacity to disrupt the interaction between transcription factor E2F and the retinoblastoma gene product. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 1992;89:4549–4553. [PMC free article: PMC49120] [PubMed: 1316611]

Chen S.-L., Mounts P. Transforming activity of E5a protein of human papillomavirus type 6 in NIH 3T3 and C127 cells. J. Virol. 1990;64:3226–3233. [PMC free article: PMC249539] [PubMed: 2161939]

Chen L.P., Thomas E.K., Hu S.-L., Hellström I., Hellström K.E. Human papillomavirus type 16 nucleoprotein E7 is a tumor rejection antigen. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 1991;88:110–114. [PMC free article: PMC50759] [PubMed: 1846033]

Chen S., Slavin J., Fairley C.K., Tabrizi S.N., Borg A.J., Billson V., Garland S.M. The absence of HPV DNA in genital specimens from infants. Genitourin. Med. 1993;69:270–272. [PMC free article: PMC1195085] [PubMed: 7721286]

Chen M., Wang H., Woodworth C.D., Lusso P., Berneman Z., Kingma D., Delgado G., DiPaolo J.A. Detection of human herpesvirus 6 and human papillomavirus 16 in cervical carcinoma. Am. J. Pathol. 1994;145:1509–1516. [PMC free article: PMC1887479] [PubMed: 7992853]

Chen J.J., Reid C.E., Band V., Androphy E.J. Interaction of papillomavirus E6 oncoproteins with a putative calcium-binding protein. Science. 1995;269:529–531. [PubMed: 7624774]

Chen Y.-H., Huang L.-H., Chen T.-M. Differential effects of progestins and estrogens on long control regions of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 1996;224:651–659. [PubMed: 8713103]

Chen J.J., Hong Y., Rustamzadeh E., Baleja J.D., Androphy E.J. Identification of an α helical motif sufficient for association with papillomavirus E6. J. biol. Chem. 1998;273:13537–13544. [PubMed: 9593689]

Chen T.R., Chan P.J., Seraj I.M., King A. Absence of human papillomavirus E6–E7 transforming genes from HPV 16 and 18 in malignant ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol. Oncol. 1999;72:180–182. [PubMed: 10021297]

Chen C.-H., Wang T.-L., Hung C.-F., Yang Y., Young R.A., Pardoll D.M., Wu T.-C. Enhancement of DNA vaccine potency by linkage of antigen gene to an HSP70 gene. Cancer Res. 2000;60:1035–1042. [PubMed: 10706121]

Chen X.S., Garcea R.L., Goldberg I., Casini G., Harrison S.C. Structure of small virus-like particles assembled from the L1 protein of human papillomavirus 16. Mol. Cell. 2000;5:557–567. [PubMed: 10882140]

Chen Y.-C., Chen J.-H., Richard K., Chen P.-Y., Christiani D.C. Lung adenocarcinoma and human papillomavirus infection. Cancer. 2004;101:1428–1436. [PubMed: 15368331]

Chen R., Sehr P., Waterboer T., Leivo I., Pawlita M., Vaheri A., Aaltonen L.-M. Presence of DNA of human papillomavirus 16 but no other types in tumor-free tonsillar tissue. J. clin. Microbiol. 2005;43:1408–1410. [PMC free article: PMC1081223] [PubMed: 15750119]

Cheng J.-Y., Meng C.-L., Chao C.-F., Gau S.-D., Lin J.-C. Human papillomavirus type-related DNA and c-myc oncogene alterations in colon cancer cell lines. Dis. Colon Rectum. 1991;34:469–474. [PubMed: 1645245]

Cheng J.-Y., Meng C.-L., Chao C.-F., Gau S.-D., Lin J.-C. Human papillomavirus 16 DNA in NIH3T3 cells transformed by colonic cancer cellular DNA. Gut. 1993;34:1710–1713. [PMC free article: PMC1374468] [PubMed: 8282259]

Cheng S., Schmidt-Grimminger D.-C., Murant T., Broker T.R., Chow L.T. Differentiation-dependent up-regulation of the human papillomavirus E7 gene reactivates cellular DNA replication in suprabasal differentiated keratinocytes. Genes Dev. 1995;9:2335–2349. [PubMed: 7557386]

Cheng Y.-W., Chiou H.-L., Sheu G.-T., Hsieh L.-L., Chen J.-T., Chen C.-Y., Su J.-M., Lee H. The association of human papillomavirus 16/18 infection with lung cancer among nonsmoking Taiwanese women. Cancer Res. 2001;61:2799–2803. [PubMed: 11306446]

Cheng Y.-W., Chiou H.-L., Chen J.-T., Chou M.-C., Lin T.-S., Lai W.-W., Chen C.-Y., Tsai Y. Y., Lee H. Gender difference in human papillomavirus infection for non-small cell lung cancer in Taiwan. Lung Cancer. 2004;46:165–170. [PubMed: 15474664]

Chesebro M.J., Everett W.D., Lörincz A. High-risk human papillomavirus testing of women with cytological low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. J. lower genit. Tract Dis. 1997;1:234–239. [PubMed: 25951209]

Chetsanga C., Malmström P.-U., Gyllensten U., Moreno-Lopez J., Dinter Z., Pettersson U. Low incidence of human papillomavirus type 16 DNA in bladder tumor detected by the polymerase chain reaction. Cancer. 1992;69:1208–1211. [PubMed: 1310888]

Chiasson M.A., Ellerbrock T.V., Bush T.J., Sun X.-W., Wright T.C. Jr. Increased prevalence of vulvovaginal condyloma and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Obstet. Gynecol. 1997;89:690–694. [PubMed: 9166302]

Chien W.-M., Parker J.N., Schmidt-Grimminger D.-C., Broker T.R., Chow L.T. Casein kinase II phosphorylation of the human papillomavirus-18 E7 protein is critical for promoting S-phase entry. Cell Growth Differ. 2000;11:425–435. [PubMed: 10965847]

Chien W.-M., Noya F., Benedict-Hamilton H.M., Broker T.R., Chow L.T. Alternative fates of keratinocytes transduced by human papillomavirus type 18 E7 during squamous differentiation. J. Virol. 2002;76:2964–2972. [PMC free article: PMC136004] [PubMed: 11861862]

Childers J.M., Chu J., Voigt L.F., Feigl P., Tamimi H.K., Franklin E.W., Alberts D.S., Meyskens F.L.L. Jr. Chemoprevention of cervical cancer with folic acid: A phase III Southwest Oncology Group Intergroup Study. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 1995;4:155–159. [PubMed: 7742723]

Chin-Hong P.V., Vittinghoff E., Cranston R.D., Buchbinder S., Cohen D., Colfax G., Da Costa M., Darragh T., Hess E., Judson F., Koblin B., Madison M., Palefsky J.M. Age-specific prevalence of anal human papillomavirus infection in HIV-negative sexually active men who have sex with men: The EXPLORE Study. J. infect. Dis. 2004;190:2070–2076. [PubMed: 15551204]

Chiou H.-L., Wu M.-F., Liaw Y.-C., Cheng Y.-W., Wong R.-H., Chen C.-Y., Lee H. The presence of human papillomavirus type 16/18 DNA in blood circulation may act as a risk marker of lung cancer in Taiwan. Cancer. 2003;97:1558–1563. [PubMed: 12627521]

Chirenje Z.M., Loeb L., Mwale M., Nyamapfeni P., Kamba M., Padian N. Association of cervical SIL and HIV-1 infection among Zimbabwean women in an HIV/STI prevention study. Int. J. STD AIDS. 2002;13:765–768. [PubMed: 12437897]

Choi B.-S., Kim O., Park M.S., Kim K.S., Jeong J.K., Lee J.-S. Genital human papillomavirus genotyping by HPV oligonucleotide microarray in Korean commercial sex workers. J. med. Virol. 2003;71:440–445. [PubMed: 12966552]

Chong T., Apt D., Gloss B., Isa M., Bernard H.-U. The enhancer of human papillomavirus type 16: Binding sites for the ubiquitous transcription factors oct-1, NFA, TEF-2, NF1, and AP-1 participate in epithelial cell-specific transcription. J. Virol. 1991;65:5933–5943. [PMC free article: PMC250257] [PubMed: 1656080]

Chow V.T.K., Leong P.W. Complete nucleotide sequence, genomic organization and phylogenetic analysis of a novel genital human papillomavirus type, HLT7474-S. J. gen. Virol. 1999;80:2923–2929. [PubMed: 10580054]

Christensen N.D., Kreider J.W. Antibody-mediated neutralization in vivo of infectious papillomaviruses. J. Virol. 1990;64:3151–3156. [PMC free article: PMC249518] [PubMed: 1693698]

Christensen N.D., Kreider J.W., Cladel N.M., Galloway D.A. Immunological cross-reactivity to laboratory-produced HPV-11 virions of polysera raised against bacterially derived fusion proteins and synthetic peptides of HPV-6b and HPV-16 capsid proteins. Virology. 1990;175:1–9. [PubMed: 2155503]

Christensen N.D., Kreider J.W., Kan N.C., DiAngelo S.L. The open reading frame L2 of cottontail rabbit papillomavirus contains antibody-inducing neutralizing epitopes. Virology. 1991;181:572–579. [PubMed: 1707567]

Christensen N.D., Kirnbauer R., Schiller J.T., Ghim S.-J., Schlegel R., Jenson A.B., Kreider J.W. Human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 have antigenically distinct strongly immunogenic conformationally dependent neutralizing epitopes. Virology. 1994;205:329–335. [PubMed: 7526536]

Christensen N.D., Cladel N.M., Reed C.A. Postattachment neutralization of papillomaviruses by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Virology. 1995;207:136–142. [PubMed: 7871722]

Christensen N.D., Dillner J., Eklund C., Carter J.J., Wipf G.C., Reed C.A., Cladel N.M., Galloway D.A. Surface conformational and linear epitopes on HPV-16 and HPV-18 L1 virus-like particles as defined by monoclonal antibodies. Virology. 1996a;223:174–184. [PubMed: 8806551]

Christensen N.D., Reed C.A., Cladel N.M., Hall K., Leiserowitz G.S. Monoclonal antibodies to HPV-6 L1 virus-like particles identify conformational and linear neutralizing epitopes on HPV-11 in addition to type-specific epitopes on HPV-6. Virology. 1996b;224:477–486. [PubMed: 8874508]

Christensen N.D., Reed C.A., Cladel N.M., Han R., Kreider J.W. Immunization with viruslike particles induces long-term protection of rabbits against challenge with cottontail rabbit papillomavirus. J. Virol. 1996c;70:960–965. [PMC free article: PMC189900] [PubMed: 8551636]

Christensen N.D., Cladel N.M., Reed C.A., Han R. Rabbit oral papillomavirus complete genome sequence and immunity following genital infection. Virology. 2000;269:451–461. [PubMed: 10753723]

Christensen N.D., Cladel N.M., Reed C.A., Budgeon L.R., Embers M.E., Skulsky D.M., McClements W.L., Ludmerer S.W., Jansen K.U. Hybrid papillomavirus L1 molecules assemble into virus-like particles that reconstitute conformational epitopes and induce neutralizing antibodies to distinct HPV types. Virology. 2001;291:324–334. [PubMed: 11878901]

Ciccolini F., Di Pasquale G., Carlotti F., Crawford L., Tommasino M. Functional studies of E7 proteins from different HPV types. Oncogene. 1994;9:2633–2638. [PubMed: 8058327]

Cid A., Auewarakul P., Garcia-Carranca A., Ovseiovich R., Gaissert H., Gissmann L. Cell-type-specific activity of the human papillomavirus type 18 upstream regulatory region in transgenic mice and its modulation by tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate and glucocorticoids. J. Virol. 1993;67:6742–6752. [PMC free article: PMC238115] [PubMed: 8411377]

Cirisano F.D. Management of pre-invasive disease of the cervix. Semin. surg. Oncol. 1999;16:222–227. [PubMed: 10225299]

Claas E.C.J., Quint W.G.V., Pieters W.J.L.M., Burger M.P.M., Oosterhuis W.J., Lindeman J. Human papillomavirus and the three group metaphase figure as markers of an increased risk for the development of cervical carcinoma. Am. J. Pathol. 1992;140:497–502. [PMC free article: PMC1886439] [PubMed: 1310833]

Classon M., Salama S., Gorka C., Mulloy R., Braun P., Harlow E. Combinatorial roles for pRB, p107, and p130 in E2F-mediated cell cycle control. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 2000;97:10820–10825. [PMC free article: PMC27107] [PubMed: 10995475]

Clavel C.E., Nawrocki B., Bosseaux B., Poitevin G., Putaud I.C., Mangeonjean C.C., Monteau M., Birembaut P.L. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in bronchopulmonary carcinomas by Hybrid Capture II. A study of 185 tumors. Cancer. 2000;88:1347–1352. [PubMed: 10717615]

Clavel C., Masure M., Bory J.-P., Putaud I., Mangeonjean C., Lorenzato M., Nazeyrollas P., Gabriel R., Quereux C., Birembaut P. Human papillomavirus testing in primary screening for the detection of high-grade cervical lesions: A study of 7932 women. Br. J. Cancer. 2001;89:1616–1623. [PMC free article: PMC2363679] [PubMed: 11401314]

Clavel C., Cucherousset J., Lorenzato M., Caudroy S., Nou J.M., Nazeyrollas P., Polette M., Bory J.-P., Gabriel R., Quereux C., Birembaut P. Negative human papillomavirus testing in normal smears selects a population at low risk for developing high-grade cervical lesions. Br. J. Cancer. 2004;90:1803–1808. [PMC free article: PMC2409748] [PubMed: 15150605]

Clifford G.M., Smith J.S., Aguado T., Franceschi S. Comparison of HPV type distribution in high-grade cervical lesions and cervical cancer: A meta-analysis. Br. J. Cancer. 2003a;89:101–105. [PMC free article: PMC2394204] [PubMed: 12838308]

Clifford G.M., Smith J.S., Plummer M., Muñoz N., Franceschi S. Human papillomavirus types in invasive cervical cancer worldwide: A meta-analysis. Br. J. Cancer. 2003b;88:63–73. [PMC free article: PMC2376782] [PubMed: 12556961]

Clifford G.M., Rana R.K., Franceschi S., Smith J.S., Gough G., Pimenta J.M. Human papillomavirus genotype distribution in low-grade cervical lesions: Comparison by geographic region and with cervical cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14:1157–1164. [PubMed: 15894666]

Cohn J.A., Gagnon S., Spence M.R., Harrison D.D., Kluzak T.R., Langenberg P., Brinson C., Stein A., Hellinger J., the Cervical Disease Study Group of the American Foundation for AIDS Research Community Based Clinical Trials Network. The role of human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid assay and repeated cervical cytologic examination in the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2001;184:322–330. [PubMed: 11228481]

Coker A.L., Russell R.B., Bond S.M., Pirisi L., Liu Y., Mane M., Kokorina N., Gerasimova T., Hermonat P.L. Adeno-associated virus is associated with a lower risk of high-grade cervical neoplasia. Exp. mol. Pathol. 2001;70:83–89. [PubMed: 11263951]

Coleman N., Stanley M.A. Analysis of HLA-DR expression on keratinocytes in cervical neoplasia. Int. J. Cancer. 1994;56:314–319. [PubMed: 8314316]

Coleman N., Birley H.D.L., Renton A.M., Hanna N.F., Ryait B.K., Byrne M., Taylor-Robinson D., Stanley M.A. Immunological events in regressing genital warts. Am. J. clin. Pathol. 1994;102:768–774. [PubMed: 7801889]

Collins S.I., Mazloomzadeh S., Winter H., Rollason T.P., Blomfield P., Young L.S., Woodman C.B.J. Proximity of first intercourse to menarche and the risk of human papillomavirus infection: A longitudinal study. Int. J. Cancer. 2005;114:498–500. [PubMed: 15551326]

Combita A.-L., Bravo M.-M., Touzé A., Orozco O., Coursaget P. Serologic response to human oncogenic papillomavirus types 16, 18, 31, 33, 39, 58 and 59 virus-like particles in Colombian women with invasive cervical cancer. Int. J. Cancer. 2002;97:796–803. [PubMed: 11857357]

Conley L.J., Ellerbrock T.V., Bush T.J., Chiasson M.A., Sawo D., Wright T.C. HIV-1 infection and risk of vulvovaginal and perianal condylomata acuminata and intraepithelial neoplasia: A prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2002;359:108–113. [PubMed: 11809252]

Connor J.P., Ferrer K., Kane J.P., Goldberg J.M. Evaluation of Langerhans' cells in the cervical epithelium of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Gynecol. Oncol. 1999;75:130–135. [PubMed: 10502439]

Conrad M., Bubb V.J., Schlegel R. The human papillomavirus type 6 and 16 E5 proteins are membrane-associated proteins which associate with the 16-kilodalton pore-forming protein. J. Virol. 1993;67:6170–6178. [PMC free article: PMC238039] [PubMed: 7690419]

Conrad M., Goldstein D., Andresson T., Schlegel R. The E5 protein of HPV-6, but not HPV-16, associates efficiently with cellular growth factor receptors. Virology. 1994;200:796–800. [PubMed: 7909971]

Cook J.R., Hill D.A., Humphrey P.A., Pfeifer J.D., El-Mofty S.K. Squamous cell carcinoma arising in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis with pulmonary involvement: Emerging common pattern of clinical features and human papillomavirus serotype association. Mod. Pathol. 2000;13:914–918. [PubMed: 10955460]

Cooper K., Haffajee Z., Taylor L. Human papillomavirus and schistosomiasis associated bladder cancer. J. clin. Pathol. mol. Pathol. 1997;50:145–148. [PMC free article: PMC379609] [PubMed: 9292149]

Coppleson M. Colposcopic features of papillomaviral infection and premalignancy in the female lower genital tract. Dermatol. Clin. 1991;9:251–266. [PubMed: 1647904]

Corbitt G., Zarod A.P., Arrand J.R., Longson M., Farrington W.T. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes associated with laryngeal papilloma. J. clin. Pathol. 1988;41:284–288. [PMC free article: PMC1141425] [PubMed: 2834419]

Cordiner J.W., Sharp F., Briggs J.D. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in immunosuppressed women after renal transplantation. Scott. med. J. 1980;25:275–277. [PubMed: 7010590]

Costa S., Rotola A., Terzano P., Secchiero P., Di Luca D., Poggi M.G., Masotti P., Martinelli G., Cassai E. Is vestibular papillomatosis associated with human papillomavirus? J. med. Virol. 1991;35:7–13. [PubMed: 1658222]

Coulombeau B., Nusa Naiman A., Ceruse P., Froehlich P. [The place of anti-viral injection (Cidofovir) in the treatment of laryngeal papillomatosis.] Rev. Laryngol. Otol. Rhinol. 2002;123:315–320. (in French) [PubMed: 12741293]

Coursen J.D., Bennett W.P., Gollahon L., Shay J.W., Harris C.C. Genomic instability and telomerase activity in human bronchial epithelial cells during immortalization by human papillomavirus-16 E6 and E7 genes. Exp. Cell Res. 1997;235:245–253. [PubMed: 9281374]

Coussens L.M., Hanahan D., Arbeit J.M. Genetic predisposition and parameters of malignant progression in K14-HPV16 transgenic mice. Am. J. Pathol. 1996;149:1899–1917. [PMC free article: PMC1865365] [PubMed: 8952526]

Couto E., Hemminki K. Heritable and environmental components in cervical tumors. Int. J. Cancer. 2006;119:2699–2701. [PubMed: 16991123]

Cox J.T., Schiffman M., Solomon D., ASCUS-LSIL Triage Study (ALTS Group. Prospective follow-up suggests similar risk of subsequent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 among women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 or negative colposcopy and directed biopsy. Am. J. obstet. Gynecol. 2003;188:1406–1412. [PubMed: 12824970]

Cox J.T., Petry K.-U., Rylander E., Roy M. Using imiquimod for genital warts in female patients. J. Womens Health. 2004;13:265–271. [PubMed: 15130255]

Creek K.E., Jenkins G.R., Khan M.A., Batova A., Hodam J.R., Tolleson W.H., Pirisi L. Retinoic acid suppresses human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16)-mediated transformation of human keratinocytes and inhibits the expression of HPV16 oncogenes. Adv. exp. med. Biol. 1994;354:19–35. [PubMed: 8067286]

Cress R.D., Holly E.A. Incidence of anal cancer in California: Increased incidence among men in San Francisco, 1973–1999. Prev. Med. 2003;36:555–560. [PubMed: 12689800]

Cripe T.P., Haugen T.H., Turk J.P., Tabatabai F., Schmid P.G., Dürst M., Gissmann L., Roman A., Turek L.P. Transcriptional regulation of the human papillomavirus-16 E6-E7 promoter by a keratinocyte-dependent enhancer, and by viral E2 trans-activator and repressor gene products: Implications for cervical carcinogenesis. EMBO J. 1987;6:3745–3753. [PMC free article: PMC553845] [PubMed: 2448139]

Cripe T.P., Alderborn A., Anderson R.D., Parkkinen S., Bergman P., Haugen T.H., Pettersson U., Turek L.P. Transcriptional activation of the human papillomavirus-16 P97 promoter by an 88-nucleotide enhancer containing distinct cell-dependent and AP-1-responsive modules. New Biologist. 1990;2:450–463. [PubMed: 1963084]

Critchlow C.W., Surawicz C.M., Holmes K.K., Kuypers J., Daling J.R., Hawes S.E., Goldbaum G.M., Sayer J., Hurt C., Dunphy C., Kiviat N.B. Prospective study of high grade anal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia in a cohort of homosexual men: Influence of HIV infection, immunosuppression and human papillomavirus infection. AIDS. 1995;9:1255–1262. [PubMed: 8561979]

Critchlow C.W., Hawes S.E., Kuypers J.M., Goldbaum G.M., Holmes K.K., Surawicz C.M., Kiviat N.B. Effect of HIV infection on the natural history of anal human papillomavirus infection. AIDS. 1998;12:1177–1184. [PubMed: 9677167]

Cromme F.V., Meijer C.J.L.M., Snijders P.J.F., Uyterlinde A., Kenemans P., Helmerhorst T., Stern P.L., van den Brule A.J.C., Walboomers J.M.M. Analysis of MHC class I and II expression in relation to presence of HPV genotypes in premalignant and malignant cervical lesions. Br. J. Cancer. 1993;67:1372–1380. [PMC free article: PMC1968477] [PubMed: 8390286]

Cromme F.V., Airey J., Heemels M.-T., Ploegh H.L., Keating P.J., Stern P.L., Meijer C.J.L.M., Walboomers J.M.M. Loss of transporter protein encoded by the TAP-1 gene is highly correlated with loss of HLA expression in cervical carcinomas. J. exp. Med. 1994;179:335–340. [PMC free article: PMC2191340] [PubMed: 8270878]

Cronjé H.S., Parham G.P., Cooreman B.F., de Beer A., Divall P., Bam R.H. A comparison of four screening methods for cervical neoplasia in a developing country. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2003;188:395–400. [PubMed: 12592246]

Crook T., Storey A., Almond N., Osborn K., Crawford L. Human papillomavirus type 16 cooperates with activated ras and fos oncogenes in the hormone-dependent transformation of primary mouse cells. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 1988;85:8820–8824. [PMC free article: PMC282598] [PubMed: 2848240]

Crook T., Morgenstern J.P., Crawford L., Banks L. Continued expression of HPV-16 E7 protein is required for maintenance of the transformed phenotype of cells co-transformed by HPV-16 plus EJ-ras. EMBO J. 1989;8:513–519. [PMC free article: PMC400835] [PubMed: 2542020]

Crum C.P., Barber S., Symbula M., Snyder K., Saleh A.M., Roche J.K. Coexpression of the human papillomavirus type 16 E4 and L1 open reading frames in early cervical neoplasia. Virology. 1990;178:238–246. [PubMed: 2167552]

Crum C.P., Barber S., Roche J.K. Pathobiology of papillomavirus-related cervical diseases: Prospects for immunodiagnosis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1991;4:270–285. [PMC free article: PMC358199] [PubMed: 1653642]

Crusius K., Auvinen E., Alonso A. Enhancement of EGF- and PMA-mediated MAP kinase activation in cells expressing the human papillomavirus type 16 E5 protein. Oncogene. 1997;15:1437–1444. [PubMed: 9333019]

Crusius K., Auvinen E., Steuer B., Gaissert H., Alonso A. The human papillomavirus type 16 E5-protein modulates ligand-dependent activation of the EGF receptor family in the human epithelial cell line HaCaT. Exp. Cell Res. 1998;241:76–83. [PubMed: 9633515]

Cubie H.A., Seagar A.L., Beattie G.J., Monaghan S., Williams A.R.W. A longitudinal study of HPV detection and cervical pathology in HIV infected women. Sex transm. Infect. 2000;76:257–261. [PMC free article: PMC1744169] [PubMed: 11026879]

Cuesta K.H., Palazzo J.P., Mittal K.R. Detection of human papillomavirus in verrucous carcinoma from HIV-seropositive patients. J. cutan. Pathol. 1998;25:165–170. [PubMed: 9550316]

Cullen A.P., Reid R., Campion M., Lörincz A.T. Analysis of the physical state of different human papillomavirus DNAs in intraepithelial and invasive cervical neoplasm. J. Virol. 1991;65:606–612. [PMC free article: PMC239798] [PubMed: 1846186]

Culp T.D., Christensen N.D.. Quantitative RT-PCR assay for HPV infection in cultured cells. J. virol. Meth. 2003;111:135–144. [PubMed: 12880929]

Cupp M.R., Malek R.S., Goellner J.R., Espy M.J., Smith T.F. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in primary squamous cell carcinoma of the male urethra. Urology. 1996;48:551–555. [PubMed: 8886059]

Cuschieri K.S., Whitley M.J., Cubie H.A. Human papillomavirus type specific DNA and RNA persistence — Implications for cervical disease progression and monitoring. J. med. Virol. 2004a;73:65–70. [PubMed: 15042650]

Cuschieri K.S., Cubie H.A., Whitley M.W., Seagar A.L., Arends M.J., Moore C., Gilkisson G., McGoogan E. Multiple high risk HPV infections are common in cervical neoplasia and young women in a cervical screening population. J. clin. Pathol. 2004b;57:68–72.. [PMC free article: PMC1770158] [PubMed: 14693839]

Cuschieri K.S., Beattie G., Hassan S., Robertson K., Cubie H. Assessment of human papillomavirus mRNA detection over time in cervical specimens collected in liquid based cytology medium. J. virol. Meth. 2005;124:211–215. [PubMed: 15664071]

Cusimano R., Dardanoni G., Dardanoni L., La Rosa M., Pavone G., Tumino R., Gafa L. Risk factors of female cancers in Ragusa population (Sicily) — 1. Endometrium and cervix uteri cancers. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 1989;5:363–371. [PubMed: 2792311]

Cu-Uvin S., Hogan J.W., Warren D., Klein R.S., Peipert J., Schuman P., Holmberg S., Anderson J., Schoenbaum E., Vlahov D., Mayer K.H., for the HIV Epidemiology Research Study Group. Prevalence of lower genital tract infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and high-risk HIV-seronegative women. Clin. infect. Dis. 1999;29:1145–1150. [PubMed: 10524955]

Cuzick J., Szarewski A., Terry G., Ho L., Hanby A., Maddox P., Anderson M., Kocjan G., Steele S.T., Guillebaud J. Human papillomavirus testing in primary cervical screening. Lancet. 1995;345:1533–1536. [PubMed: 7791438]

Cuzick J., Beverley E., Ho L., Terry G., Sapper H., Mielzynska I., Lorincz A., Chan W.-K., Krausz T., Soutter P. HPV testing in primary screening of older women. Br. J. Cancer. 1999;81:554–558. [PMC free article: PMC2362918] [PubMed: 10507785]

Cuzick J., Terry G., Ho L., Monaghan J., Lopes A., Clarkson P., Duncan I. Association between high-risk HPV types, HLA DRB1* and DQB1* alleles and cervical cancer in British women. Br. J. Cancer. 2000;82:1348–1352. [PMC free article: PMC2374489] [PubMed: 10755413]

Cuzick J., Szarewski A., Cubie H., Hulman G., Kitchener H., Luesley D., McGoogan E., Menon U., Terry G., Edwards R., Brooks C., Desai M., Gie C., Ho L., Jacobs I., Pickles C., Sasieni P. Management of women who test positive for high-risk types of human papillomavirus: The HART study. Lancet. 2003;362:1871–1876. [PubMed: 14667741]

Czerwenka K., Heuss F., Hosmann J.W., Manavi M., Lu Y., Jelincic D., Kubista E. Human papilloma virus DNA: A factor in the pathogenesis of mammary Paget's disease? Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 1996;41:51–57. [PubMed: 8932876]

Da J., Chen L., Hu Y. Human papillomavirus infection and p53 gene mutation in primary lung cancer. Chin. J. Oncol. 1996;18:27–29. [PubMed: 8732107]

Abba M.C., Laguens R.M., Dulout F.N., Golijow C.D. The c-myc activation in cervical carcinomas and HPV 16 infections. Mutation. Res. 2004;557:151–158. [PubMed: 14729369]

Abdel-Hady E.-S., Martin-Hirsch P., Duggan-Keen M., Stern P.L., Moore J.V., Corbitt G., Kitchener H.C., Hampson I.N. Immunological and viral factors associated with the response of vulval intraepithelial neoplasia to photodynamic therapy. Cancer Res. 2001;61:192–196. [PubMed: 11196160]

Adachi A., Kiyono T., Hayashi Y., Ohashi M., Ishibashi M. Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 47 DNA in malignant lesions from epidermodysplasia verruciformis by protocols for precise typing of related HPV DNAs. J. clin. Microbiol. 1996;34:369–375. [PMC free article: PMC228800] [PubMed: 8789018]

Adam J.L., Briggs M.W., McCance D.J. A mutagenic analysis of the E5 protein of human papillomavirus type 16 reveals that E5 binding to the vacuolar H⁺-ATPase is not sufficient for biological activity, using mammalian and yeast expression systems. Virology. 2000;272:315–325. [PubMed: 10873774]

Adami H.-O., Kuper H., Andersson S.-O., Bergström R., Dillner J. Prostate cancer risk and serologic evidence of human papilloma virus infection: A population-based case–control study. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2003;12:872–875. [PubMed: 14504197]

Adams M., Borysiewicz L., Fiander A., Man S., Jasani B., Navabi H., Lipetz C., Evans A.S., Mason M. Clinical studies of human papilloma vaccines in pre-invasive and invasive cancer. Vaccine. 2001;19:2549–2556. [PubMed: 11257391]

af Geijersstam V., Eklund C., Wang Z., Sapp M., Schiller J.T., Dillner J., Dillner L. A survey of seroprevalence of human papillomavirus types 16, 18 and 33 among children. Int. J. Cancer. 1999;80:489–493. [PubMed: 9935145]

Agarwal C., Roke E.A., Irwin J.C., Eckert R.L. Immortalization by human papillomavirus type 16 alters retinoid regulation of human ectocervical epithelial cell differentiation. Cancer Res. 1991;51:3982–3989. [PubMed: 1713124]

Aglianò A.M., Gradilone A., Gazzaniga P., Napolitano M., Vercillo R., Albonici L., Naso G., Manzari V., Frati L., Vecchione A. High frequency of human papillomavirus detection in urinary bladder cancer. Urol. Int. 1994;53:125–129. [PubMed: 7645137]

Agrawal N., Mane M., Chiriva-Internati M., Roman J.J., Hermonat P.L. Temporal acceleration of the human papillomavirus life cycle by adeno-associated virus (AAV) type 2 superinfection in natural host tissue. Virology. 2002;297:203–210. [PubMed: 12083819]

Ahdieh L., Muñoz A., Vlahov D., Trimble C.L., Timpson L.A., Shah K. Cervical neoplasia and repeated positivity of human papillomavirus infection in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive and -seronegative women. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2000;151:1148–1157. [PubMed: 10905527]

Ahdieh L., Klein R.S., Burk R., Cu-Uvin S., Schuman P., Duerr A., Safaeian M., Astemborski J., Daniel R., Shah K. Prevalence, incidence, and type-specific persistence of human papillomavirus in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative women. J. infect. Dis. 2001;184:682–690. [PubMed: 11517428]

Ahdieh-Grant L., Li R., Levine A.M., Massad L.S., Strickler H.D., Minkoff H., Moxley M., Palefsky J., Sacks H., Burk R.D., Gange S.J. Highly active antiretroviral therapy and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in human immunodeficiency virus-positive women. J. natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:1070–1076. [PubMed: 15265968]

Ahn W.S., Bae S.M., Chung J.E., Lee H.K., Kim B.K., Lee J.M., Namkoong S.E., Kim C.K., Sin J. Evaluation of adenoassociated virus 2 and human papilloma virus 16 and 18 infection in cervical cancer biopsies. Gynecol. Oncol. 2003;89:105–111. [PubMed: 12694662]

Akgül B., Lemme W., García-Escudero R., Storey A., Pfister H.J. UV-B irradiation stimulates the promoter activity of the high-risk, cutaneous human papillomavirus 5 and 8 in primary keratinocytes. Arch. Virol. 2005;150:145–151. [PMC free article: PMC2423462] [PubMed: 15654507]

Alam M., Caldwell J.B., Eliezri Y.D. Human papillomavirus-associated digital squamous cell carcinoma: Literature review and report of 21 new cases. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2003;48:385–393. [PubMed: 12637918]

Alazawi W., Pett M., Strauss S., Moseley R., Gray J., Stanley M., Coleman N. Genomic imbalances in 70 snap-frozen cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions: Associations with lesion grade, state of HPV 16 E2 gene and clinical outcome. Br. J. Cancer. 2004;91:2063–2070. [PMC free article: PMC2409784] [PubMed: 15545968]

Al-Ghamdi A.A., Sanders C.M., Keefe M., Coggon D., Maitland N.J. Human papillomavirus DNA and TP53 mutations in lung cancers from butchers. Br. J. Cancer. 1995;72:293–297. [PMC free article: PMC2034006] [PubMed: 7640208]

Al-Ghamdi A., Freedman D., Miller D., Poh C., Rosin M., Zhang L., Gilks C.B. Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in young women: A clinicopathologic study of 21 cases. Gynecol. Oncol. 2002;84:94–101. [PubMed: 11748983]

Allen M., Kalantari M., Ylitalo N., Pettersson B., Hagmar B., Scheibenpflug L., Johansson B., Petterson U., Gyllensten U. HLA DQ-DR haplotype and susceptibility to cervical carcinoma: indications of increased risk for development of cervical carcinoma in individuals infected with HPV 18. Tissue Antigens. 1996;48:32–37. [PubMed: 8864172]

Alliance for Cervical Cancer Prevention (2004) Overview of cervical cancer treatment and palliative care. In: Planning and Implementing Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control Programme: A Manual for Managers, Seattle.

Alloub M.I., Barr B.B.B., McLaren K.M., Smith I.W., Bunney M.H., Smart G.E. Human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with renal allografts. Br. med. J. 1989;298:153–156. [PMC free article: PMC1835493] [PubMed: 2538174]

Almadori G., Cadoni G., Cattani P., Posteraro P., Scarano E., Ottaviani F., Paludetti G., Maurizi M. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by polymerase chain reaction. Eur. J. Cancer. 1996;32A:783–788. [PubMed: 9081354]

Alonio L.V., Picconi M.A., Dalbert D., Mural J., Bartt O., Bazan G., Dominguez M., Teyssie A.R. Ha-ras oncogene mutation associated to progression of papillomavirus induced lesions of uterine cervix. J. clin. Virol. 2003;27:263–269. [PubMed: 12878090]

Alonso E., Maróstica A., Roma S., Redín I., Sánchez Mazzaferri F., Toffoni C. [Lowgrade papillary transitional-cell carcinoma of the distal urethra with focal squamous differentiation and association with human papillomavirus types 6–11.] Arch. Esp. Urol. 1997;50:875–878. (in Spanish) [PubMed: 9463285]

Altekruse S.F., Lacey J.V. Jr, Brinton L.A., Gravitt P.E., Silverberg S.G., Barnes W.A. Jr, Greenberg M.D., Hadjimichael O.C., McGowan L., Mortel R., Schwartz P.E., Hildesheim A. Comparison of human papillomavirus genotypes, sexual, and reproductive risk factors of cervical adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma: Northeastern United States. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2003;188:657–663. [PubMed: 12634637]

Alunni-Fabbroni M., Littlewood T., Deleu L., Caldeira S., Giarre M., Dell’ Orco M., Tommasino M. Induction of S phase and apoptosis by the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein are separable events in immortalized rodent fibroblasts. Oncogene. 2000;19:2277–2285. [PubMed: 10822378]

Alvarez R.D., Conner M.G., Weiss H., Klug P.M., Niwas S., Manne U., Bacus J., Kagan V., Sexton K.C., Grubbs C.J., Eltoum I.-E., Grizzle W.E. The efficacy of 9-cis-retinoic acid (aliretinoin) as a chemopreventive agent for cervical dysplasia: Results of a randomized double-bind clinical trail. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2003;12:114–119. [PubMed: 12582020]

Amella C.A., Lofgren L.A., Ronn A.M., Nouri M., Shikowitz M.J., Steinberg B.M. Latent infection induced with cottontail rabbit papillomavirus. A model for human papillomavirus latency. Am. J. Pathol. 1994;144:1167–1171. [PMC free article: PMC1887472] [PubMed: 8203458]

Ames B.N., Wakimoto P. Are vitamin and mineral deficiencies a major cancer risk? Nat. Rev. Cancer. 2002;2:694–704. [PubMed: 12209158]

Amin A.A., Titolo S., Pelletier A., Fink D., Cordingley M.G., Archambault J. Identification of domains of the HPV11 E1 protein required for DNA replication in vitro. Virology. 2000;272:137–150. [PubMed: 10873756]

Ammatuna P., Giovannelli L., Giambelluca D., Mancuso S., Rubino E., Colletti P., Mazzola G., Belfiore P., Lima R. Presence of human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus in the cervix of women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. J. med. Virol. 2000;62:410–415. [PubMed: 11074467]

Amtmann, E. & Wayss, K. (1987) Papillomaviruses and carcinogenic progression. II. The Mastomys natalensis papillomavirus. In: Salzmann, N.P. & Howley, P.M., eds, The Papovaviridae, Vol. 2, The Papillomaviruses, New York, Plenum Press, pp.187–198.

Amtmann E., Volm M., Wayss K. Tumour induction in the rodent Mastomys natalensis by activation of endogenous papilloma virus genomes. Nature. 1984;308:291–292. [PubMed: 6322013]

Amundadottir L.T., Thorvaldsson S., Gudbjartsson D.F., Sulem P., Kristjansson K., Arnason S., Gulcher J.R., Bjornsson J., Kong A., Thorsteinsdottir U., Stefansson K. Cancer as a complex phenotype: Pattern of cancer distribution within and beyond the nuclear family. PLOS Med. 2004;1:229–236. [PMC free article: PMC539051] [PubMed: 15630470]

Anderson R., Theron A.J. Physiological potential of ascorbate, β-carotene and α-tocopherol individually and in combination in the prevention of tissue damage, carcinogenesis and immune dysfunction mediated by phagocyte-derived reactive oxidants. World Rev. Nutr. Diet. 1990;62:27–58. [PubMed: 2180216]

Anderson M., Handley J., Hopwood L., Murant S., Stower M., Maitland N.J. Analysis of prostate tissue DNA for the presence of human papillomavirus by polymerase chain reaction, cloning, and automated sequencing. J. med. Virol. 1997;52:8–13. [PubMed: 9131451]

Anderson C.A., Boller A.M., Richardson C.J., Balcos E.G., Zera RT. Anal condyloma: A comparison between HIV positive and negative patients. Am. Surg. 2004;70:1014–1018. [PubMed: 15586518]

Andersson-Ellström A., Dillner J., Hagmar B., Schiller J., Forssman L. No serological evidence for non-sexual spread of HPV16. Lancet. 1994;344:1435. [PubMed: 7968093]

Andersson-Ellström A., Hagmar B., Johansson B., Kalantari M., Wärleby B., Forssman L. Human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid in cervix only detected in girls after coitus. Int. J. STD AIDS. 1996;7:333–336. [PubMed: 8894822]

Androphy E.J., Dvoretsky I., Lowy D.R. X-linked inheritance of epidermodysplasia verruciformis: Genetic and virologic studies of a kindred. Arch. Dermatol. 1985;121:864–868. [PubMed: 2990354]

Angelos J.A., Marti E., Lazary S., Carmichael L.E. Characterization of BPV-like DNA in equine sarcoids. Arch. Virol. 1991;119:95–109. [PubMed: 1650553]

Anh P.K., Khanh N.T., Ha D.T., Chien D.T., Thuc P.T., Luong P.H., Kilmarx PlH., Wongchotigul V., Kitayaporn D., Rowe P.J. Prevalence of lower genital tract infection among women attending maternal and child health and family planning clinics in Hanoi, Vietnam. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health. 2003;34:367–373. [PubMed: 12971565]

Antinore M.J., Birrer M.J., Patel D., Nader L., McCance D.J. The human papillomavirus type 16 E7 gene product interacts with and trans-activates the AP1 family of transcription factors. EMBO J. 1996;15:1950–1960. [PMC free article: PMC450114] [PubMed: 8617242]

Antonsson A., Hansson B.G. Healthy skin of many animal species harbors papillomaviruses which are closely related to their human counterparts. J. Virol. 2002;76:12537–12542. [PMC free article: PMC136724] [PubMed: 12438579]

Antonsson A., Forslund O., Ekberg H., Sterner G., Hansson B.G. The ubiquity and impressive genomic diversity of human skin papillomaviruses suggest a commensalic nature of these viruses. J. Virol. 2000;74:11636–11641. [PMC free article: PMC112445] [PubMed: 11090162]

Antonsson A., Karanfilovska S., Lindqvist P.G., Hansson B.G. General acquisition of human papillomavirus infections of skin occurs in early infancy. J. clin. Microbiol. 2003;41:2509–2514. [PMC free article: PMC156491] [PubMed: 12791874]

Anttila M., Syrjänen S., Ji H., Saarikoski S., Syrjänen K. Failure to demonstrate human papillomavirus DNA in epithelial ovarian cancer by general primer PCR. Gynecol. Oncol. 1999;72:337–341. [PubMed: 10053104]

Anttila T., Saikku P., Koskela P., Bloigu A., Dillner J., Ikäheimo I., Jellum E., Lehtinen M., Lenner P., Hakulinen T., Närvänen A., Pukkala E., Thoresen S., Youngman L., Paavonen J. Serotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis and risk for development of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. J. Am. med. Assoc. 2001;285:47–51. [PubMed: 11150108]

Anwar K., Nakakuki K., Shiraishi T., Naiki H., Yatani R., Inuzuka M. Presence of ras oncogene mutations and human papillomavirus DNA in human prostate carcinomas. Cancer Res. 1992a;52:5991–5996. [PubMed: 1382850]

Anwar K., Naiki H., Nakakuki K., Inuzuka M. High frequency of human papillomavirus infection in carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Cancer. 1992b;70:1967–1973. [PubMed: 1326398]

Apple R.J., Erlich H.A., Klitz W., Manos M.M., Becker T.M., Wheeler C.M. HLA DR–DQ associations with cervical carcinoma show papillomavirus-type specificity. Nat. Genet. 1994;6:157–162. [PubMed: 8162070]

Apple R.J., Becker T.M., Wheeler C.M., Erlich H.A. Comparison of human leukocyte antigen DR–DQ disease associations found with cervical cysplasia and invasive cervical carcinoma. J. natl Cancer Inst. 1995;87:427–436. [PubMed: 7861462]

Arany I., Tyring S.K. Status of local cellular immunity in interferon-responsive and -nonresponsive human papillomavirus-associated lesions. Sex. transm. Dis. 1996;23:475–480. [PubMed: 8946632]

Arbeit J.M., Howley P.M., Hanahan D. Chronic estrogen-induced cervical and vaginal squamous carcinogenesis in human papillomavirus type 16 transgenic mice. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 1996;93:2930–2935. [PMC free article: PMC39737] [PubMed: 8610145]

Arbyn M., Dillner J. Review of current knowledge on HPV vaccination: An appendix to the European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Cervical Cancer Screening. J. clin. Virol. 2007;38:189–197. [PubMed: 17258503]

Arbyn, M., Buntinx, F. & Van Ranst, M. (2002) Triage of Women with Atypical or Low-grade Cytological Abnormalities of the Cervix by HPV Testing. Systematic Review and Metaanalysis (IPH/EPI-REPORTS Nos 2001-019), Brussels, Institute of Public Health.

Arbyn M., Buntinx F., Van Ranst M., Paraskevaidis E., Martin-Hirsch P., Dillner J. Virologic versus cytologic triage of women with equivocal Pap smears: A meta-analysis of the accuracy to detect high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. J. natl Cancer Inst. 2004a;96:280–293. [PubMed: 14970277]

Arbyn M., Dillner J., Van Ranst M., Buntinx F., Martin-Hirsch P., Paraskevaidis E. Re: Have we resolved how to triage equivocal cervical cytology? J. natl Cancer Inst. 2004b;96:1401–1402. [PubMed: 15367574]

Arbyn M., Paraskevaidis E., Martin-Hirsch P., Prendiville W., Dillner J. Clinical utility of HPV–DNA detection: Triage of minor cervical lesions, follow-up of women treated for high-grade CIN: An update of pooled evidence. Gynecol. Oncol. 2005;99 Suppl.:S7–S11. [PubMed: 16154623]

Arroyo M., Bagchi S., Raychaudhuri P. Association of the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein with the S-phase-specific E2F-cyclin A complex. Mol. cell. Biol. 1993;13:6537–6546. [PMC free article: PMC364713] [PubMed: 8413252]

Asato T., Maehama T., Nagai Y., Kanazawa K., Uezato H., Kariya K.-I. A large case–control study of cervical cancer risk associated with human papillomavirus infection in Japan, by nucleotide sequencing-based genotyping. J. infect. Dis. 2004;189:1829–1832. [PubMed: 15122519]

Ashinoff R., Li J.J., Jacobson M., Friedman-Kien A.E., Geronemus R.G. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in squamous cell carcinoma of the nail bed and finger determined by polymerase chain reaction. Arch. Dermatol. 1991;127:1813–1818. [PubMed: 1668998]

Ashley R.L., Wald A. Genital herpes: Review of the epidemic and potential use of type-specific serology. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1999;12:1–8. [PMC free article: PMC88903] [PubMed: 9880471]

Ashrafi G.H., Pitts J.D., Faccini A.M., McLean P., O'Brien V., Finbow M.E., Campo M.S. Binding of bovine papillomavirus type 4 E8 to ductin (16K proteolipid), down-regulation of gap junction intercellular communication and full cell transformation are independent events. J. gen. Virol. 2000;81:689–694. [PubMed: 10675405]

Ashrafi G.H., Tsirimonaki E., Marchetti B., O'Brien P.M., Sibbet G.J., Andrew L., Campo M.S. Down-regulation of MHC class I by bovine papillomavirus E5 oncoproteins. Oncogene. 2002;21:248–259. [PubMed: 11803468]

Ashrafi G.H., Haghshenas M.R., Marchetti B., O'Brien P.M., Campo M.S. E5 protein of human papillomavirus type 16 selectively downregulates surface HLA class I. Int. J. Cancer. 2005;113:276–283. [PubMed: 15386416]

Astori G., Lavergne D., Benton C., Höckmayr B., Egawa K., Garbe C., de Villiers E.-M. Human papillomaviruses are commonly found in normal skin of immunocompetent hosts. J. invest. Dermatol. 1998;110:752–755. [PubMed: 9579540]

Ateenyi-Agaba C., Weiderpass E., Smet A., Dong W., Dai M., Kahwa B., Wabinga H., Katongole-Mbidde E., Franceschi S., Tommasino M. Epidermodysplasia verruciformis human papillomavirus types and carcinoma of the conjunctiva: A pilot study. Br. J. Cancer. 2004;90:1777–1779. [PMC free article: PMC2409740] [PubMed: 15150602]

Atula S., Grenman R., Kujari H., Syrjänen S. Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) in laryngeal carcinoma cell lines provides evidence for a heterogeneic cell population. Eur. J. Cancer. 1999;35:825–832. [PubMed: 10505045]

Auborn K.J. Therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Antivir. Ther. 2002;7:1–9. [PubMed: 12008782]

Auborn K.J., Woodworth C., DiPaolo J.A., Bradlow H.L. The interaction between HPV infection and estrogen metabolism in cervical carcinogenesis. Int. J. Cancer. 1991;49:867–869. [PubMed: 1660039]

Audeau A., Han H.W., Johnston M.J., Whitehead M.W., Frizelle F.A. Does human papilloma virus have a role in squamous cell carcinoma of the colon and upper rectum? Eur. J. surg. Oncol. 2002;28:657–660. [PubMed: 12359204]

Auvinen E., Tarkkanen J., Mattila P., Mattila S. Human papillomavirus 16 in a heart transplant recipient. Transplant. Proc. 2002;34:1281–1282. [PubMed: 12072341]

Aynaud O., Ionesco M., Barrasso R. Penile intraepithelial neoplasia. Specific clinical features correlate with histologic and virologic findings. Cancer. 1994;74:1762–1767. [PubMed: 8082079]

Aynaud O., Tranbaloc P., Orth G. Lack of evidence for a role of human papillomaviruses in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. J. Urol. 1998;159:86–89. [PubMed: 9400443]

Baay M.F.D., Duk J.M., Burger M.P.M., Walboomers J., ter Schegget J., Groenier K.H., de Bruijn H.W.A., Stolz E., Herbrink P. Antibodies to human papillomavirus type 16 E7 related to clinicopathological data in patients with cervical carcinoma. J. clin. Pathol. 1995;48:410–414. [PMC free article: PMC502614] [PubMed: 7629285]

Baay M.F.D, Duk J.M., Groenier K.H., Burger M.P.M., de Bruijn H.W.A., Hollema H., Stolz E., Herbrink P. Relation between HPV-16 serology and clinico-pathological data in cervical carcinoma patients: Prognostic value of anti-E6 and/or anti-E7 antibodies. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 1997;44:211–215. [PubMed: 9222279]

Baay M.F.D., Kjetland E.F., Ndhlovu P.D., Deschoolmeester V., Mduluza T., Gomo E., Friis H., Midzi N., Gwanzura L., Mason P.R., Vermorken J.B., Gundersen S.G. Human papillomavirus in a rural community in Zimbabwe: The impact of HIV co-infection on HPV genotype distribution. J. med. Virol. 2004;73:481–485. [PubMed: 15170646]

Bachtiary B., Obermair A., Dreier B., Birner P., Breitenecker G., Knocke T.-H., Selzer E., Pötter R. Impact of multiple HPV infection on response to treatment and survival in patients receiving radical radiotherapy for cervical cancer. Int. J. Cancer. 2002;102:237–243. [PubMed: 12397642]

Badal V., Chuang L.S.H., Tan E.H.-H., Badal S., Villa L.L., Wheeler C.M., Li B.F.L., Bernard H.-U. CpG methylation of human papillomavirus type 16 DNA in cervical cancer cell lines and in clinical specimens: Genomic hypomethylation correlates with carcinogenic progression. J. Virol. 2003;77:6227–6234. [PMC free article: PMC154984] [PubMed: 12743279]

Badal S., Badal V., Calleja-Macias I.E., Kalantari M., Chuang L.S.H., Li B.F.L., Bernard H.-U. The human papillomavirus-18 genome is efficiently targeted by cellular DNA methylation. Virology. 2004;324:483–492. [PubMed: 15207633]

Báez A., Almodóvar J.I., Cantor A., Celestin F., Cruz-Cruz L., Fonseca S., Trinidad-Pinedo J., Vega W. High frequency of HPV16-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in the Puerto Rican population. Head Neck. 2004;26:778–784. [PubMed: 15350023]

Bailey R.N., Guethlein M.E. Diagnosis and management of conjunctival papillomas. J. Am. optom. Assoc. 1990;61:405–412. [PubMed: 2162365]

Baken L.A., Koutsky L.A., Kuypers J., Kosorok M.R., Lee S.-K., Kiviat N.B., Holmes K.K. Genital human papillomavirus infection among male and female sex partners: Prevalence and type-specific concordance. J. infect. Dis. 1995;171:429–432. [PubMed: 7844382]

Balaram P., Nalinakumari K.R., Abraham E., Balan A., Hareendran N.K., Bernard H.-U., Chan S.-Y. Human papillomaviruses in 91 oral cancers from Indian betel quid chewers — High prevalence and multiplicity of infections. Int. J. Cancer. 1995;61:450–454. [PubMed: 7759149]

Baldwin P.J., van der Burg S.H., Boswell C.M., Offringa R., Hickling J.K., Dobson J., Roberts J.S.C., Latimer J.A., Moseley R.P., Coleman N., Stanley M.A., Sterling J.C. Vaccinia-expressed human papillomavirus 16 and 18 E6 and E7 as a therapeutic vaccination for vulval and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Clin. Cancer Res. 2003;9:5205–5213. [PubMed: 14614000]

Baldwin S.B., Wallace D.R., Papenfuss M.R., Abrahamsen M., Vaught L.C., Giuliano A.R. Condom use and other factors affecting penile human papillomavirus detection in men attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. Sex. transm. Dis. 2004;31:601–607. [PubMed: 15388997]

Balsitis S.J., Sage J., Duensing S., Münger K., Jacks T., Lambert P.F. Recapitulation of the effects of the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncogene on mouse epithelium by somatic Rb deletion and detection of pRb-independent effects of E7 in vivo. Mol. cell. Biol. 2003;23:9094–9103. [PMC free article: PMC309665] [PubMed: 14645521]

Band V., Zajchowski D., Kulesa V., Sager R. Human papilloma virus DNAs immortalize normal human mammary epithelial cells and reduce their growth factor requirements. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 1990;87:463–467. [PMC free article: PMC53284] [PubMed: 2153303]

Band V., Dalal S., Delmolino L., Androphy E.J. Enhanced degradation of p53 protein in HPV-6 and BPV-1 E6-immortalized human mammary epithelial cells. EMBO J. 1993;12:1847–1852. [PMC free article: PMC413405] [PubMed: 8387914]

Bandyopadhyay S., Sen S., Majumdar L., Chatterjee R. Human papillomavirus infection among Indian mothers and their infants. Asian Pacif. J. Cancer Prev. 2003;4:179–184. [PubMed: 14507236]

Bantel-Schaal U. Growth properties of a human melanoma cell line are altered by adenoassociated parvovirus type 2. Int. J. Cancer. 1995;60:269–274. [PubMed: 7829227]

Bar-Am A., Lessing J.B., Niv J., Brenner S.H., Peyser M.R. High- and low-power CO₂ lasers. Comparison of results for three clinical indications. J. reprod. Med. 1993;38:455–458. [PubMed: 8392581]

Barbosa M.S., Schlegel R. The E6 and E7 genes of HPV-18 are sufficient for inducing two-stage in vitro transformation of human keratinocytes. Oncogene. 1989;4:1529–1532. [PubMed: 2556677]

Barnard P., McMillan N.A.J. The human papillomavirus E7 oncoprotein abrogates signaling mediated by interferon-α. Virology. 1999;259:305–313. [PubMed: 10388655]

Barnard P., Payne E., McMillan N.A.J. The human papillomavirus E7 protein is able to inhibit the antiviral and anti-growth functions of interferon-α. Virology. 2000;277:411–419. [PubMed: 11080488]

Barr B.B.B., Benton E.C., McLaren K., Bunney M.H., Smith I.W., Blessing K., Hunter J.A.A. Human papilloma virus infection and skin cancer in renal allograft recipients. Lancet. 1989;i:124–128. [PubMed: 2563048]

Barrasso R., de Brux J., Croissant O., Orth G. High prevalence of papillomavirus-associated penile intraepithelial neoplasia in sexual partners of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. New Engl. J. Med. 1987;317:916–923. [PubMed: 3041217]

Barrett T.J., Silbar J.D., McGinley J.P. Genital warts — A venereal disease. J. Am. med. Assoc. 1954;154:333–334. [PubMed: 13108721]

Barton S.E., Maddox P.H., Jenkins D., Edwards R., Cuzick J., Singer A. Effect of cigarette smoking on cervical epithelial immunity: A mechanism for neoplastic change? Lancet. 1988;ii:652–654. [PubMed: 2901519]

Bartsch D., Boye B., Baust C., zur Hausen H., Schwarz E. Retinoic acid-mediated repression of human papillomavirus 18 transcription and different ligand regulation of the retinoic acid receptor β gene in non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic HeLa hybrid cells. EMBO J. 1992;11:2283–2291. [PMC free article: PMC556695] [PubMed: 1318198]

Basile J.R., Zacny V., Münger K. The cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand differentially modulate proliferation and apoptotic pathways in human keratinocytes expressing the human papillomavirus-16 E7 oncoprotein. J. biol. Chem. 2001;276:22522–22528. [PubMed: 11306566]

Bastien N., McBride A.A. Interaction of the papillomavirus E2 protein with mitotic chromosomes. Virology. 2000;270:124–134. [PubMed: 10772985]

Batova A., Danielpour D., Pirisi L., Creek K.E. Retinoic acid induces secretion of latent transforming growth factor β₁ and β₂ in normal and human papillomavirus type 16-immortalized human keratinocytes. Cell Growth Differ. 1992;3:763–772. [PubMed: 1334692]

Baud D., Ponci F., Bobst M., De Grandi P., Nardelli-Haefliger D. Improved efficiency of a Salmonella-based vaccine against human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles achieved by using a codon-optimized version of L1. J. Virol. 2004;78:12901–12909. [PMC free article: PMC524992] [PubMed: 15542642]

Bauer H.M., Ting Y., Greer C.E., Chambers J.C., Tashiro C.J., Chimera J., Reingold A., Manos M.M. Genital human papillomavirus infection in female university students as determined by a PCR-based method. J. Am. med. Assoc. 1991;265:472–477. [PubMed: 1845912]

Bauknecht T., Angel P., Royer H.-D., zur Hausen H. Identification of a negative regulatory domain in the human papillomavirus type 18 promoter: Interaction with the transcription repressor YY1. EMBO J. 1992;11:4607–4617. [PMC free article: PMC557037] [PubMed: 1330541]

Bauknecht T., Jundt F., Herr I., Oehler T., Delius H., Shi Y., Angel P., zur Hausen H. A switch region determines the cell type-specific positive or negative action of YY1 on the activity of the human papillomavirus type 18 promoter. J. Virol. 1995;69:1–12. [PMC free article: PMC188542] [PubMed: 7983700]

Bauman N.M., Smith R.J.H. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Paediat. Otolaryngol. 1996;43:1385–1401. [PubMed: 8973518]

Bavin P.J., Giles J.A., Deery A., Crow J., Griffiths P.D., Emery V.C., Walker P.G. Use of semi-quantitative PCR for human papillomavirus DNA type 16 to identify women with high grade cervical disease in a population presenting with a mildly dyskaryotic smear report. Br. J. Cancer. 1993;67:602–605. [PMC free article: PMC1968258] [PubMed: 8382513]

Be X., Hong Y., Wei J., Androphy E.J., Chen J.J., Baleja J.D. Solution structure determination and mutational analysis of the papillomavirus E6 interacting peptide of E6AP. Biochemistry. 2001;40:1293–1299. [PubMed: 11170455]

Beard J.W. The fallacy of the concept of virus ‘masking': A review. Cancer Res. 1956;16:279–291. [PubMed: 13316753]

Beard J.W., Rous P. Effectiveness of the Shope papilloma virus in various American rabbits. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1935;33:191–193.

Beaudenon S., Praetorius F., Kremsdorf D., Lutzner M., Worsaae N., Pehau-Arnaudet G., Orth G. A new type of human papillomavirus associated with oral focal epithelial hyperplasia. J. invest. Dermatol. 1987;88:130–135. [PubMed: 3027189]

Bechtold V., Beard P., Raj K. Human papillomavirus type 16 E2 protein has no effect on transcription from episomal viral DNA. J. Virol. 2003;77:2021–2028. [PMC free article: PMC140940] [PubMed: 12525636]

Becker T.M., Wheeler C.M., McGough N.S., Parmenter C.A., Jordan S.W., Stidley C.A., McPherson R.S., Dorin M.H. Sexually transmitted diseases and other risk factors for cervical dysplasia among southwestern Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. J. Am. med. Assoc. 1994;271:1181–1188. [PubMed: 8151876]

Beckmann A.M., Sherman K.J., Saran L., Weiss N.S. Genital-type human papillomavirus infection is not associated with surface epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol. Oncol. 1991;43:247–251. [PubMed: 1661263]

Begum S., Gillison M.L., Ansari-Lari M.A., Shah K., Westra W.H. Detection of human papillomavirus in cervical lymph nodes: A highly effective strategy for localizing site of tumor origin. Clin. Cancer Res. 2003;9:6469–6475. [PubMed: 14695150]

Belinson J., Pretorius R.G., Zhang W.H., Wu L.Y., Qiao Y.L., Elson P. Cervical cancer screening by simple visual inspection after acetic acid. Obstet. Gynecol. 2001a;98:441–444. [PubMed: 11530126]

Belinson J.L., Qiao Y.L., Pretorius R.G., Zhang W.H., Elson P., Li L., Pan Q.J., Fisher C., Lorincz A., Zahniser D. Shanxi Province Cervical Cancer Screening Study: A cross-sectional comparative trial of multiple techniques to detect cervical neoplasia. Gynecol. Oncol. 2001b;83:439–444. [PubMed: 11606114]

Bell M.C., Crowley-Nowick P., Bradlow H.L., Sepkovic D.W., Schmidt-Grimminger D., Howell P., Mayeaux E.J., Tucker A., Turbat-Herrera E.A., Mathis J.M. Placebo-controlled trial of indole-3-carbinol in the treatment of CIN. Gynecol. Oncol. 2000;78:123–129. [PubMed: 10926790]

Benamouzig R., Pigot F., Quiroga G., Validire P., Chaussade S., Catalan F., Couturier D. Human papillomavirus infection in esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma in western countries. Int. J. Cancer. 1992;50:549–552. [PubMed: 1311284]

Benamouzig R., Jullian E., Chang F., Robaskiewicz M., Flejou J.-F., Raoul J.-L., Coste T., Couturier D., Pompidou A., Rautureau J. Absence of human papillomavirus DNA detected by polymerase chain reaction in French patients with esophageal carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 1995;109:1876–1881. [PubMed: 7498652]

Benedet J.L., Anderson G.H. Stage IA carcinoma of the cervix revisited. Obstet. Gynecol. 1996;87:1052–1059. [PubMed: 8649690]

Bens G., Wieland U., Hofmann A., Höpfl R., Pfister H. Detection of new human papillomavirus sequences in skin lesions of a renal transplant recipient and characterization of one complete genome related to epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated types. J. gen. Virol. 1998;79:779–787. [PubMed: 9568973]

Berek J.S., Howe C., Lagasse L.D., Hacker N.F. Pelvic exenteration for recurrent gynecologic malignancy: Survival and morbidity analysis of the 45-year experience at UCLA. Gynecol. Oncol. 2005;99:153–159. [PubMed: 16054678]

Berezutskaya E., Bagchi S. The human papillomavirus E7 oncoprotein functionally interacts with the S4 subunit of the 26 S proteasome. J. biol. Chem. 1997;272:30135–30140. [PubMed: 9374493]

Berg M., DiFatta J., Hoiczyk E., Schlegel R., Ketner G. Viable adenovirus vaccine prototypes: High-level production of a papillomavirus capsid antigen from the major late transcriptional unit. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 2005;102:4590–4595. [PMC free article: PMC554749] [PubMed: 15767581]

Bergeron C., Naghashfar Z., Canaan C., Shah K., Fu Y., Ferenczy A. Human papillomavirus type 16 in intraepithelial neoplasia (Bowenoid papulosis) and coexistent invasive carcinoma of the vulva. Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. 1987a;6:1–11. [PubMed: 3032817]

Bergeron C., Ferenczy A., Shah K.V., Naghashfar Z. Multicentric human papillomavirus infections of the female genital tract: Correlation of viral types with abnormal mitotic figures, colposcopic presentation, and location. Obstet. Gynecol. 1987b;69:736–742. [PubMed: 3033572]

Bergman A., Nalick R. Genital human papillomavirus infection in men. Diagnosis and treatment with laser and 5-fluorouracil. J. reprod. Med. 1991;36:363–366. [PubMed: 2061884]

Berkhout R.J.M., Tieben L.M., Smits H.L., Bouwes Bavinck J.N., Vermeer B.J., ter Schegget J. Nested PCR approach for detection and typing of epidermodysplasia verruciformisassociated human papillomavirus types in cutaneous cancers from renal transplant recipients. J. clin. Microbiol. 1995;33:690–695. [PMC free article: PMC228015] [PubMed: 7751378]

Berkhout R.J.M., Bouwes Bavinck J.N., ter Schegget J. Persistence of human papillomavirus DNA in benign and (pre)malignant skin lesions from renal transplant recipients. J. clin. Microbiol. 2000;38:2087–2096. [PMC free article: PMC86734] [PubMed: 10834958]

Bernard H.-U. Gene expression of genital human papillomaviruses and considerations on potential antiviral approaches. Antiviral Ther. 2002;7:219–237. [PubMed: 12553476]

Bernard H.-U. Established and potential strategies against papillomavirus infections. J. antimicrob. Chemother. 2004;53:137–139. [PubMed: 14711837]

Bernard H.-U., Chan S.-Y., Mano M.M., Ong C.-K., Villa L.L., Delius H., Peyton C.L., Bauer H.M., Wheeler C.M. Identification and assessment of known and novel human papillomaviruses by polymerase chain reaction amplification, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, nucleotide sequence, and phylogenetic algorithms. J. infect. Dis. 1994;170:1077–1085. [PubMed: 7963696]

Bernauer H.S., Welkoborsky H.-J., Tilling A., Amedee R.G., Mann W.J. Inverted papillomas of the paranasal sinuses and the nasal cavity: DNA indices and HPV infection. Am. J. Rhinol. 1997;11:155–160. [PubMed: 9129759]

Berrington A., Jha P., Peto J., Green J., Hermon C., on behalf of the UK National Case–control Study of Cervical Cancer. Oral contraceptives and cervical cancer. Lancet. 2002;360:410. [PubMed: 12241800]

Berumen J., Unger E.R., Casas L., Figueroa P. Amplification of human papillomavirus types 16 an 18 in invasive cervical cancer. Hum. Pathol. 1995;26:676–681. [PubMed: 7774900]

Beskow A.H., Josefsson A.M., Gyllensten U.B. HLA class II alleles associated with infection by HPV16 in cervical cancer in situ. Int. J. Cancer. 2001;93:817–822. [PubMed: 11519043]

van Beurden M., ten Kate F.J.W., Smits H.L., Berkhout R.J.M., de Craen A.J.M., van der Vange N., Lammes F.B., ter Schegget J. Multifocal vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia grade III and multicentric lower genital tract neoplasia is associated with transcriptionally active human papillomavirus. Cancer. 1995;75:2879–2884. [PubMed: 7773937]

van Beurden M., ten Kate F.W.J., Tjong-A-Hung S.P., de Craen A.J.M., van der Vange N., Lammes F.B., ter Schegget J. Human papillomavirus DNA in multicentric vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. Int. J. gynecol. Pathol. 1998;17:12–16. [PubMed: 9475186]

Beutner K.R., Reitano M.V., Richwald G.A., Wiley D.J., the AMA Expert Panel on External Genital Warts. External genital warts: Report of the American Medical Association Consensus Conference. Clin. infect. Dis. 1998a;27:796–806. [PubMed: 9798036]

Beutner K.R., Spruance S.L., Hougham A.J., Fox T.L., Owens M.L., Douglas J.M. Jr. Treatment of genital warts with an immune-response modifer (imiquimod). J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 1998b;38:230–239. [PubMed: 9486679]

Beutner K.R., Tyring S.K., Trofatter K.F. Jr, Douglas J.M. Jr, Spruance S., Owens M.L., Fox T.L., Hougham A.J., Schmitt K.A. Imiquimod, a patient-applied immune-response modifier for treatment of external genital warts. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1998c;42:789–794. [PMC free article: PMC105543] [PubMed: 9559784]

Beverley, P.C.L., Sadovnikova, E., Zhu, X., Hickling, J., Gao, L., Chain, B., Collins, S., Crawford, L., Vousden, K. & Stauss, H.J. (1994) Strategies for studying mouse and human immune responses to human papillomavirus type 16. In: Vaccines against Virally Induced Cancers (Ciba Foundation Symposium 187), Chichester, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 78–96. [PubMed: 7540971]

Bezerra A.L.R., Lopes A., Landman G., Alencar G.N., Torloni H., Villa L.L. Clinicopathologic features and human papillomavirus DNA prevalence of warty and squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Am. J. surg. Pathol. 2001a;25:673–678. [PubMed: 11342782]

Bezerra A.L.R., Lopes A., Santiago G.H., Ribeiro K.C.B., Latorre M.R.D.O., Villa L.L. Human papillomavirus as a prognostic factor in carcinoma of the penis. Analysis of 82 patients treated with amputation and bilateral lymphadenectomy. Cancer. 2001b;91:2315–2321. [PubMed: 11413520]

Biemelt S., Sonnewald U., Galmbacher P., Willmitzer L., Müller M. Production of human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles in transgenic plants. J. Virol. 2003;77:9211–9220. [PMC free article: PMC187377] [PubMed: 12915537]

Biliris K.A., Koumantakis E., Dokianakis D.N., Sourvinos G., Spandidos D.A. Human papillomavirus infection of non-melanoma skin cancers in immunocompetent hosts. Cancer Lett. 2000;161:83–88. [PubMed: 11078916]

Birkeland S.A., Storm H.H., Lamm L.U., Barlow L., Blohmé I., Forsberg B., Eklund B., Fjeldborg O., Friedberg M., Frödin L., Glattre E., Halvorsen S., Holm N.V., Jakobsen A., Jørgensen H.E., Ladefoged J., Lindholm T., Lundgren G., Pukkala E. Cancer risk after renal transplantation in the Nordic countries, 1964–1986. Int. J. Cancer. 1995;60:183–189. [PubMed: 7829213]

Birner P., Bachtiary B., Dreier B., Schindl M., Joura E.A., Breitenecker G., Oberhuber G. Signal-amplified colorimetric in situ hybridization for assessment of human papillomavirus infection in cervical lesions. Mod. Pathol. 2001;14:702–709. [PubMed: 11455003]

Bjørge T., Dillner J., Anttila T., Engeland A., Hakulinen T., Jellum E., Lehtinen M., Luostarinen T., Paavonen J., Pukkala E., Sapp M., Schiller J., Youngman L., Thoresen S. Prospective seroepidemiological study of role of human papillomavirus in non-cervical anogenital cancers. Br. med. J. 1997a;315:646–649. [PMC free article: PMC2127456] [PubMed: 9310566]

Bjørge T., Hakulinen T., Engeland A., Jellum E., Koskela P., Lehtinen M., Luostarinen T., Paavonen J., Sapp M., Schiller J., Thoresen S., Wang Z., Youngman L., Dillner J. A prospective, seroepidemiological study of the role of human papillomavirus in esophageal cancer in Norway. Cancer Res. 1997b;57:3989–3992. [PubMed: 9307283]

Bjørge T., Engeland A., Luostarinen T., Mork J., Gislefoss R. E., Jellum E., Koskela P., Lehtinen M., Pukkala E., Thoresen S.Ø., Dillner J. Human papillomavirus infection as a risk factor for anal and perianal skin cancer in a prospective study. Br. J. Cancer. 2002;87:61–64. [PMC free article: PMC2364291] [PubMed: 12085257]

Bleeker M.C.G., Hogewoning C.J.A., van den Brule A.J.C., Voorhorst F.J., van Andel R.E., Risse E.K.J., Starink T.M., Meijer C.J.L.M. Penile lesions and human papillomavirus in male sexual partners of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2002;47:351–357. [PubMed: 12196743]

Bleeker M.C.G., Hogewoning C.J.A., Voorhorst F.J., van den Brule A.J.C., Snijders P.J.F., Starink T.M., Berkhof J., Meijer C.J.L.M. Condom use promotes regression of human papillomavirus-associated penile lesions in male sexual partners of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Int. J. Cancer. 2003;107:804–810. [PubMed: 14566831]

Bleeker M.C.G., Hogewoning C.J.A., Voorhorst F.J., van den Brule A.J.C., Berkhof J., Hesselink A.T., Lettink M., Starink T.M., Stoof T.J., Snijders P.J.F., Meijer C.J.L.M. HPV-associated flat penile lesions in men of a non-STD hospital population: Less frequent and smaller in size than in male sexual partners of women with CIN. Int. J. Cancer. 2005a;113:36–41. [PubMed: 15386360]

Bleeker M.C., Berkhof H., Hogewoning C.J., Voorhorst F.J., van den Brule A.J., Starink T.M., Snjeders P.J., Meijer C.J.L.M. HPV type concordance in sexual couples determines the effect of condoms on regression of flat penile lesions. Br. J. Cancer. 2005b;92:1388–1392. [PMC free article: PMC2361997] [PubMed: 15812547]

Blessing K., McLaren K.M., Benton E.C., Barr B.B., Bunney M.H., Smith I.W., Beveridge G.W. Histopathology of skin lesions in renal allograft recipients — An assessment of viral features and dysplasia. Histopathology. 1989;14:129–139. [PubMed: 2540085]

Blessing K., McLaren K.M., Morris R., Barr B.B., Benton E.C., Alloub M., Bunney M.H., Smith I.W., Smart G.E., Bird C.C. Detection of human papillomavirus in skin and genital lesions of renal allograft recipients by in situ hybridization. Histopathology. 1990;16:181–185. [PubMed: 2157656]

Bloch N., Breen M. Bovine papillomavirus type 5: Partial sequence and comparison with other bovine papillomaviruses. Virus Genes. 1997;14:171–174. [PubMed: 9311560]

Bloch N., Sutton R.H., Spradbrow P.B. Bovine cutaneous papillomas associated with bovine papillomavirus type 5. Arch. Virol. 1994a;138:373–377. [PubMed: 7998842]

Bloch N., Breen M., Spradbrow P.B. Genomic sequences of bovine papillomaviruses in formalin-fixed sarcoids from Australian horses revealed by polymerase chain reaction. Vet. Microbiol. 1994b;41:163–172. [PubMed: 7801519]

Blumenthal P.D., Gaffikin L., Chirenje Z.M., McGrath J., Womack S., Shah K. Adjunctive testing for cervical cancer in low resource settings with visual inspection, HPV, and the Pap smear. Int. J. Gynecol. Obst. 2001;72:47–53. [PubMed: 11146077]

Bodaghi S., Yamanegi K., Xiao S.-Y., Da Costa M., Palefsky J.M., Zheng Z.-M. Colorectal papillomavirus infection in patients with colorectal cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 2005;11:2862–2867. [PMC free article: PMC1479314] [PubMed: 15837733]

Boguszaková L., Hirsch I., Brichácek B., Faltyn J., Fric P., Dvoráková H., Vonka V. Absence of cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and papillomavirus DNA from adenoma and adenocarcinoma of the colon. Acta virol. 1988;32:303–308. [PubMed: 2903634]

Bohlmeyer T., Le T.N., Shroyer L., Markham N., Shroyer K.R. Detection of human papillomavirus in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung by polymerase chain reaction. Am. J. respir. Cell. mol. Biol. 1998;18:265–269. [PubMed: 9476914]

van Bommel P.F.J., van den Brule A.J.C., Helmerhorst T.J.M., Gallee M.P.W., Gaarenstroom K.N., Walboomers J.M.M., Meijer C.J.L.M., Kenemans P. HPV DNA presence and HPV genotypes as prognostic factors in low-stage squamous cell cervical cancer. Gynecol. Oncol. 1993;48:333–337. [PubMed: 8385059]

Boner W., Taylor E.R., Tsirimonaki E., Yamane K., Campo M.S., Morgan I.M. A functional interaction between the human papillomavirus 16 transcription/replication factor E2 and the DNA damage response protein TopBP1. J. biol. Chem. 2002;277:22297–22303. [PubMed: 11934899]

Bongain A., Rampal A., Durant J., Michiels J.-F., Dellamonica P., Gillet J.-Y. Cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. reprod. Biol. 1996;65:195–199. [PubMed: 8730624]

Bonnez W., Da Rin C, Rose R.C, Reichman R.C. Use of human papillomavirus type 11 virions in an ELISA to detect specific antibodies in humans with condylomata acuminata. J. gen. Virol. 1991;72:1343–1347. [PubMed: 1646276]

Bonnez W., Rose R.C., Reichman R.C. Antibody-mediated neutralization of human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11) infection in the nude mouse: Detection of HPV-11 mRNAs. J. infect. Dis. 1992;165:376–380. [PubMed: 1309849]

Bonnez W., Elswick R.K. Jr, Bailey-Farchione A., Hallahan D., Bell R., Isenberg R., Stoler M.H., Reichman R.C. Efficacy and safety of 0.5% podofilox solution in the treatment and suppression of anogenital warts. Am. J. Med. 1994;96:420–425. [PubMed: 8192173]

Bontkes H.J., van Duin M., de Gruijl T.D., Duggan-Keen M.F., Walboomers J.M.M., Stukart M.J., Verheijen R.H.M., Helmerhorst T.J.M., Meijer C.J.L.M., Scheper R.J., Stevens F.R.A., Dyer P.A., Sinnott P., Stern P.L. HPV 16 infection and progression of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia: Analysis of HLA polymorphism and HPV 16 E6 sequence variants. Int. J. Cancer. 1998;78:166–171. [PubMed: 9754647]

Bontkes H.J., de Gruijl T.D., Walboomers J.M.M., Schiller J.T., Dillner J., Helmerhorst T.J.M., Verheijen R.H.M., Scheper R.J., Meijer C.J.L.M. Immune responses against human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 virus-like particles in a cohort study of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. II. Systemic but not local IgA responses correlate with clearance of HPV-16. J. gen. Virol. 1999;80:409–417. [PubMed: 10073701]

Boon M.E., Baak J.P.A., Kurver P.J.H., Overdiep S.H., Verdonk G.W. Adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix: An underdiagnosed lesion. Cancer. 1981;48:768–773. [PubMed: 7248903]

Borchers A., Braspenning J., Meijer J., Osen W., Gissmann L., Jochmus I. E7-specific cytotoxic T cell tolerance in HPV-transgenic mice. Arch. Virol. 1999;144:1539–1556. [PubMed: 10486109]

Borg A.J., Medley G., Garland S.M. Prevalence of HPV in a Melbourne female STD population: Comparison of RNA and DNA probes in detecting HPV by dot blot hybridization. Int. J. sex transm. Dis. AIDS. 1993;4:159–164. [PubMed: 8391855]

Borger D.R., Mi Y.-D., Geslani G., Zyzak L.L., Batova A., Engin T.S.W., Pirisi L., Creek K.E. Retinoic acid resistance at late stages of human papillomavirus type 16-mediated transformation of human keratinocytes arises despite intact retinoid signaling and is due to a loss of sensitivity to transforming growth factor-β. Virology. 2000;270:397–407. [PubMed: 10792999]

Bornstein J., Shapiro S., Rahat M., Goldshmid N., Goldik Z., Abramovici H., Lahat N. Polymerase chain reaction search for viral etiology of vulvar vestibulitis syndrome. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1996;175:139–144. [PubMed: 8694039]

Bornstein J., Pascal B., Zarfati D., Goldshmid N., Abramovici H. Recombinant human interferon-β for condylomata acuminata: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of intralesional therapy. Int. J. STD AIDS. 1997;8:614–621. [PubMed: 9310220]

Borysiewicz L.K., Fiander A., Nimako M., Man S., Wilkinson G.W.G., Westmoreland D., Evans A.S., Adams M., Stacey S.N., Boursnell M.E.G., Rutherford E., Hickling J.K., Inglis S.C. A recombinant vaccinia virus encoding human papillomavirus types 16 and 18, E6 and E7 proteins as immunotherapy for cervical cancer. Lancet. 1996;347:1523–1527. [PubMed: 8684105]

Borzacchiello G., Ambrosio V., Galati P., Poggiali F., Venuti A., Roperto F. The pagetoid variant of urothelial carcinoma in situ of urinary bladder in a cow. Vet. Pathol. 2001;38:113–116. [PubMed: 11199158]

Borzacchiello G., Iovane G., Marcante M.L., Poggiali F., Roperto F., Roperto S., Venuti A. Presence of bovine papillomavirus type 2 DNA and expression of the viral oncoprotein E5 in naturally occurring urinary bladder tumours in cows. J. gen. Virol. 2003a;84:2921–2926. [PubMed: 14573796]

Borzacchiello G., Ambrosio V., Roperto S., Poggiali F., Tsirimonakis E., Venuti A., Campo M.S., Roperto F. Bovine papillomavirus type 4 in oesophageal papillomas of cattle from the south of Italy. J. comp. Pathol. 2003b;128:203–206. [PubMed: 12634101]

Bosch F.X., Muñoz N., de Sanjosé S., Izarzugaza I., Gili M., Viladiu P., Tormo M.J., Moreo P., Ascunce N., Gonzalez L.C., Tafur L., Kaldor J.M., Guerrero E., Aristizabal N., Santamaria M., Alonso de Ruiz P., Shan K.V. Risk factors for cervical cancer in Colombia and Spain. Int. J. Cancer. 1992;52:750–758. [PubMed: 1330934]

Bosch F.X., Manos M.M., Muñoz N., Sherman M., Jansen A.M., Peto J., Schiffman M.H., Moreno V., Kurman R., Shah K.V., for the International Biological Study on Cervical Cancer (IBSCC) Study Group. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in cervical cancer: A worldwide perspective. J. natl Cancer Inst. 1995;87:796–802. [PubMed: 7791229]

Bosch F.X., Castellsagué X., Muñoz N., de Sanjosé S., Ghaffari A.M., Gonzalez L.C., Gili M., Izarzugaza I., Viladiu P., Navarro C., Vergara A., Ascunce N., Guerrero E., Shah K.V. Male sexual behavior and human papillomavirus DNA: Key risk factors for cervical cancer in Spain. J. natl Cancer Inst. 1996;88:1060–1067. [PubMed: 8683637]

Boshart M., Gissmann L., Ikenberg H., Kleinheinz A., Scheurlen W., zur Hausen H. A new type of papillomavirus DNA, its presence in genital cancer biopsies and in cell lines derived from cervical cancer. EMBO J. 1984;3:1151–1157. [PMC free article: PMC557488] [PubMed: 6329740]

Boucher N.R., Scholefield J.H., Anderson J.B. The aetiological significance of human papillomavirus in bladder cancer. Br. J. Urol. 1996;78:866–869. [PubMed: 9014710]

Boursnell M.E.G., Rutherford E., Hickling J.K., Rollinson E.A., Munro A.J., Rolley N., McLean C.S., Borysiewicz L.K., Vousden K., Inglis S.C. Construction and characterisation of a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing human papillomavirus proteins for immunotherapy of cervical cancer. Vaccine. 1996;14:1485–1494. [PMC free article: PMC7130629] [PubMed: 9014288]

Bousarghin L., Combita-Rojas A.-L., Touzé A., El Mehdaoui S., Sizaret P.-Y., Bravo M.M., Coursaget P. Detection of neutralizing antibodies against human papillomaviruses (HPV) by inhibition of gene transfer mediated by HPV pseudovirions. J. clin. Microbiol. 2002;40:926–932. [PMC free article: PMC120236] [PubMed: 11880418]

Bouvard V., Storey A., Pim D., Banks L. Characterization of the human papillomavirus E2 protein: Evidence of trans-activation and trans-repression in cervical keratinocytes. EMBO J. 1994a;13:5451–5459. [PMC free article: PMC395503] [PubMed: 7957111]

Bouvard V., Matlashewski G., Gu Z.-M., Storey A., Banks L. The human papillomavirus type 16 E5 gene cooperates with the E7 gene to stimulate proliferation of primary cells and increases viral gene expression. Virology. 1994b;203:73–80. [PubMed: 8030286]

Bouwes Bavinck J.N., Berkhout R.J.M. HPV infections and immunosuppression. Clin. Dermatol. 1997;15:427–437. [PubMed: 9255448]

Bouwes Bavinck J.N., Hardie D.R., Green A., Cutmore S., MacNaught A., O'Sullivan B., Siskind V., Van Der Woude F.J., Hardie I.R. The risk of skin cancer in renal transplant recipients in Queensland, Australia. A follow-up study. Transplantation. 1996;61:715–721. [PubMed: 8607173]

Bouwes Bavinck J.N., Feltkamp M., Struijk L., ter Schegget J. Human papillomavirus infection and skin cancer risk in organ transplant recipients. J. invest. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. 2001;6:207–211. [PubMed: 11924829]

Bowden F.J., Paterson B.A., Mein J., Savage J., Fairley C.K., Garland S.M., Tabrizi S.N. Estimating the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and human papillomavirus infection in indigenous women in northern Australia. Sex. transm. Infect. 1999;75:431–434. [PMC free article: PMC1758254] [PubMed: 10754952]

Bower M., Powles T., Newsom-Davis T., Thirlwell C., Stebbing J., Mandalia S., Nelson M., Gazzard B. HIV-associated anal cancer: Has highly active antiretroviral therapy reduced the incidence or improved the outcome? J. acquir. immune Defic. Syndr. 2004;37:1563–1565. [PubMed: 15577408]

Boxman I.L.A., Berkhout R.J.M., Mulder L.H.C., Wolkers M.C., Bouwes Bavinck J.N., Vermeer B.J., ter Schegget J. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in plucked hairs from renal transplant recipients and healthy volunteers. J. invest. Dermatol. 1997;108:712–715. [PubMed: 9129220]

Boxman I.L.A., Mulder L.H.C., Russell A., Bouwes Bavinck J.N., Green A., ter Schegget J. Human papillomavirus type 5 is commonly present in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent individuals. Br. J. Dermatol. 1999;141:246–249. [PubMed: 10468795]

Boxman I.L.A., Russell A., Mulder L.H.C., Bouwes Bavinck J.N., ter Schegget J., Green A., the Nambour Skin Cancer Prevention Study Group. Case–control study in a subtropical Australian population to assess the relation between non-melanoma skin cancer and epidermodysplasia verruciformis human papillomavirus DNA in plucked eyebrow hairs. Int. J. Cancer. 2000;86:118–121. [PubMed: 10728604]

Boxman I.L.A., Russell A., Mulder L.H.C., Bouwes Bavinck J.N., ter Schegget J., Green A., Collaborators of the Nambour Prevention Study. Association between epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus DNA in plucked eyebrow hair and solar keratoses. J. invest. Dermatol. 2001;117:1108–1112. [PubMed: 11710920]

Boyer S.N., Wazer D.E., Band V. E7 protein of human papilloma virus-16 induces degradation of retinoblastoma protein through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Cancer Res. 1996;56:4620–4624. [PubMed: 8840974]

Boyle D.C.M., Smith J.R. Infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer. 1999;9:177–186. [PubMed: 11240764]

Boyle D.C.M., Barton S.E., Uthayakumar S., Hay P.E., Pollock J.W., Steer P.J., Smith J.R. Is bacterial vaginosis associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia? Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer. 2003;13:159–163. [PubMed: 12657117]

Braakhuis B.J.M., Snijders P.J.F., Keune W.-J.H., Meijer C.J.L.M., Ruijter-Schippers H.J., Leemans C.R., Brakenhoff R.H. Genetic patterns in head and neck cancers that contain or lack transcriptionally active human papillomavirus. J. natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:998–1006. [PubMed: 15240783]

Bradford C.R., Hoffman H.T., Wolf G.T., Carey T.E., Baker S.R., McClatchey K.D. Squamous carcinoma of the head and neck in organ transplant recipients: Possible role of oncogenic virus. Laryngoscope. 1990;100:190–194. [PubMed: 2153884]

Bradshaw B.R, Nuovo G.J., DiCostanzo D., Cohen S.R. Human papillomavirus type 16 in a homosexual man. Association with perianal carcinoma in situ and condyloma acuminatum. Arch. Dermatol. 1992;128:949–952. [PubMed: 1320850]

Brake T., Lambert P.F. Estrogen contributes to the onset, persistence, and malignant progression of cervical cancer in a human papillomavirus-transgenic mouse model. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 2005;102:2490–2495. [PMC free article: PMC548999] [PubMed: 15699322]

Brake T., Connor J.P., Petereit D.G., Lambert P.F. Comparative analysis of cervical cancer in women and in a human papillomavirus-transgenic mouse model: Identification of minichromosome maintenance protein 7 as an informative biomarker for human cervical cancer. Cancer Res. 2003;63:8173–8180. [PubMed: 14678972]

Branca M., Delfino A., Rossi E., Giacomini G., Leoncini L., Riti M.G., Morosini P.L. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and human papillomavirus related lesions of the genital tract in HIV positive and negative women. Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol. 1995;16:410–417. [PubMed: 8549609]

Branca M., Migliore G., Giuliani M., Leoncini L., Ippolito G., Cappiello G., Garbuglia A.R., Schiesari A., Rezza G., the DIANAIDS Cooperative Study Group. Squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and HPV associated changes in HIV infected women or at risk of HIV. Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol. 2000;21:155–159. [PubMed: 10843475]

Branca M., Garbuglia A.R., Benedetto A., Cappiello T., Leoncini L., Migliore G., Agarossi A., Syrjanen K., the DIANAIDS Cooperative Study Group. Factors predicting the persistence of genital human papillomavirus infections and PAP smear abnormality in HIV-positive and HIV-negative women during prospective follow-up. Int. J. STD AIDS. 2003;14:417–425. [PubMed: 12816671]

Branca M., Costa S., Mariani L., Sesti F., Agarossi A., di Carlo A., Galati M., Benedetto A., Ciotti M., Giorgi C., Criscuolo A., Valieri M., Favalli C., Paba P., Santini D., Piccione E., Alderisio M., De Nuzzo M., di Bonito L., Syrjanen K. Assessment of risk factors and human papillomavirus (HPV) related pathogenetic mechanisms of CIN in HIV-positive and HIV-negative women. Study design and baseline data of the HPV-PathogenISS Study. Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol. 2004;25:689–698. [PubMed: 15597844]

Brandsma J.L., Abramson A.L. Association of papillomavirus with cancers of the head and neck. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 1989;115:621–625. [PubMed: 2539843]

Brannon A.R., Maresca J.A., Boeke J.D., Basrai M.A., McBride A.A. Reconstitution of papillomavirus E2-mediated plasmid maintenance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the Brd4 bromodomain protein. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 2005;102:2998–3003. [PMC free article: PMC549465] [PubMed: 15710895]

Bratthauer G.L., Tavassoli F.A., O'Leary T.J. Etiology of breast carcinoma: No apparent role for papillomavirus types 6/11/16/18. Pathol. Res. Pract. 1992;188:384–386. [PubMed: 1320761]

Bregman C.L., Hirth R.S., Sundberg J.P., Christensen E.F. Cutaneous neoplasms in dogs associated with canine oral papillomavirus vaccine. Vet. Pathol. 1987;24:477–487. [PubMed: 2842917]

Brehm A., Miska E.A., McCance D.J., Reid J.L., Bannister A.J., Kouzarides T. Retinoblastoma protein recruits histone deacetylase to repress transcription. Nature. 1998;391:597–601. [PubMed: 9468139]

Brehm A., Nielsen S.J., Miska E.A., McCance D.J., Reid J.L., Bannister A.J., Kouzarides T. The E7 oncoprotein associates with Mi2 and histone deacetylase activity to promote cell growth. EMBO J. 1999;18:2449–2458. [PMC free article: PMC1171327] [PubMed: 10228159]

Breitburd F., Coursaget P. Human papillomavirus vaccines. Semin. Cancer Biol. 1999;9:431–445. [PubMed: 10712890]

Breitburd F., Kirnbauer R., Hubbert N.L., Nonnenmacher B., Trin-Dinh-Desmarquet C., Orth G., Schiller J.T., Lowy D.R. Immunization with viruslike particles from cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) can protect against experimental CRPV infection. J. Virol. 1995;69:3959–3963. [PMC free article: PMC189126] [PubMed: 7745754]

Briggs M.W., Adam J.L., McCance D.J. The human papillomavirus type 16 E5 protein alters vacuolar H⁺-ATPase function and stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Virology. 2001;280:169–175. [PubMed: 11162831]

Brinton, L.A. (1992) Epidemiology of cervical cancer — Overview. In: Muñoz, N., Bosch, F.X., Shah, K.V. & Meheus, A., eds, The Epidemiology of Cervical Cancer and Human Papillomavirus (IARC Scientific Publications No. 199). Lyon, pp. 3–23.

Brinton L.A., Tashima K.T., Lehman H.F., Levine R.S., Mallin K., Savitz D.A., Stolley P.D., Fraumeni J.F. Jr. Epidemiology of cervical cancer by cell type. Cancer Res. 1987;47:1706–1711. [PubMed: 3815368]

Brouchet L., Valmary S., Dahan M., Didier A., Galateau-Salle F., Brousset P., Degano B. Detection of oncogenic virus genomes and gene products in lung carcinoma. Br. J. Cancer. 2005;92:743–746. [PMC free article: PMC2361883] [PubMed: 15700034]

Browder J.F., Araujo O.E., Myer N.A., Flowers F.P. The interferons and their use in condyloma acuminata. Ann. Pharmacother. 1992;26:42–45. [PubMed: 1376628]

Brown D.R., Bryan J.T. Abnormalities of cornified cell envelopes isolated from human papillomavirus type 11-infected genital epithelium. Virology. 2000;271:65–70. [PubMed: 10814571]

Brown M.R., Noffsinger A., First M.R., Penn I., Husseinzadeh N. HPV subtype analysis in lower genital tract neoplasms of female renal transplant recipients. Gynecol. Oncol. 2000;79:220–224. [PubMed: 11063648]

van den Brule A.J.C., Meijer C.J.L.M., Bakels V., Kenemans P., Walboomers J.M.M. Rapid detection of human papillomavirus in cervical scrapes by combined general primer-mediated and type-specific polymerase chain reaction. J. clin. Microbiol. 1990;28:2739–2743. [PMC free article: PMC268265] [PubMed: 2177751]

van den Brule A.J.C., Pol R., Fransen-Daalmeijer N., Schouls L.M., Meijer C.J.L.M., Snijders P.J.F. GP5+/6+ PCR followed by reverse line blot analysis enables rapid and high-throughput identification of human papillomavirus genotypes. J. clin. Microbiol. 2002;40:779–787. [PMC free article: PMC120256] [PubMed: 11880393]

Brumm C., Rivière A., Wilckens C., Löning T. Immunohistochemical investigation and northern blot analysis of c-erb-B-2 expression in normal, premalignant and malignant tissues of the corpus and cervix uteri. Virchows Arch. A. pathol. Anat. Histopathol. 1990;417:477–484. [PubMed: 1980167]

Bryant P., Davies P., Wilson D. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in cancer of the urinary bladder by in situ hybridisation. Br. J. Urol. 1991;68:49–52. [PubMed: 1651798]

Bubb V., McCance D.J., Schlegel R. DNA sequence of the HPV-16 E5 ORF and the structural conservation of its encoded protein. Virology. 1988;163:243–246. [PubMed: 2831662]

Buchwald C., Franzmann M.-B., Jacobsen G.K., Juhl B.R., Lindeberg H. Carcinomas occurring in papillomas of the nasal septum associated with human papilloma virus (HPV). Rhinology. 1997;35:74–78. [PubMed: 9299655]

Buchwald C., Lindeberg H., Pedersen B.L., Franzmann M.-B. Human papilloma virus and p53 expression in carcinomas associated with sinonasal papillomas: A Danish epidemiological study 1980–1998. Laryngoscope. 2001;111:1104–1110. [PubMed: 11404629]

Bulk S., van Kemenade F.J., Rozendaal L., Meijer C.J.L.M. The Dutch CISOE-A framework for cytology reporting increases efficacy of screening upon standardisation since 1996. J. clin. Pathol. 2004;57:388–393. [PMC free article: PMC1770272] [PubMed: 15047743]

Bulkmans N.W.J., Rozendaal L., Snijders P.J.F., Voorhorst F.J., Boeke A.J.P., Zandwijken G.R.J., van Kemenade F.J., Verheijen R.H.M., von Groningen K., Boon M.E., Keuning H.J.F., van Ballegooijen M., van den Brule A.J.C., Meijer C.J.L.M. POBASCAM, a population-based randomized controlled trial for implementation of high-risk HPV testing in cervical screening: Design, methods and baseline data of 44 102 women. Int. J. Cancer. 2004;110:94–101. [PubMed: 15054873]

Bulten J., van der Laak J.A.W.M., Gemmink J.H., Pahlplatz M.M.M., de Wilde P.C.M., Hanselaar A,G.J.M. MIB1, a promising marker for the classification of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. J. Pathol. 1996;178:268–273. [PubMed: 8778331]

Buonaguro F.M., Tornesello M.L., Buonaguro L., Del Gaudio E., Beth-Giraldo E., Giraldo G. Role of HIV as cofactor in HPV oncogenesis: In vitro evidences of virus interactions. Antibiot. Chemother. 1994;46:102–109. [PubMed: 7826030]

Buonaguro F.M., Tornesello M.L., Salatiello I., Okong P., Buonaguro L., Beth-Giraldo E., Biryahwaho B., Sempala S.D.K., Giraldo G. The Uganda study on HPV variants and genital cancers. J. clin. Virol. 2000;19:31–41. [PubMed: 11091146]

Burk R.D., Kelly P., Feldman J., Bromberg J., Vermund S.H., DeHovitz J.A., Landesman S.H. Declining prevalence of cervicovaginal human papillomavirus infection with age is independent of other risk factors. Sex. transm. Dis. 1996;23:333–341. [PubMed: 8836027]

Burstein G.R., Gaydos C.A., Diener-West M., Howell M.R., Zenilman J.M., Quinn T.C. Incident Chlamydia trachomatis infections among inner-city adolescent females. J. Am. med. Assoc. 1998;280:521–526. [PubMed: 9707141]

Burstein G.R., Snyder M.H., Conley D., Boekeloo B.O., Quinn T.C., Zenilman J.M. Adolescent chlamydia testing practices and diagnosed infections in a larged managed care organization. Sex. transm. Dis. 2001;28:477–483. [PubMed: 11473222]

Burtscher H., Grundberg W., Meingassner G. Infectious keratoacanthomas of the epidermis in Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis. Naturwissenschaften. 1973;60:209–210. [PubMed: 4709365]

Busson P., Keryer C., Ooka T., Corbex M. EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinomas: From epidemiology to virus-targeting strategies. Trends Microbiol. 2004;12:356–360. [PubMed: 15276610]

Bustos D.A., Grenon M.S., Benitez M., de Boccardo G., Pavan J.V., Gendelman H. Human papillomavirus infection in cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth in renal allograft recipients. J. Periodontol. 2001;72:741–744. [PubMed: 11453235]

Butler D., Collins C., Mabruk M., Barry Walsh C., Leader M.B., Kay E.W. Deletion of the FHIT gene in neoplastic and invasive cervical lesions is related to high-risk HPV infection but is independent of histopathological features. J. Pathol. 2000;192:502–510. [PubMed: 11113868]

Butler D., Collins C., Mabruk M., Leader M.B., Kay E.W. Loss of Fhit expression as a potential marker of malignant progression in preinvasive squamous cervical cancer. Gynecol. Oncol. 2002;86:144–149. [PubMed: 12144820]

Butterworth C.E. Jr, Hatch K.D., Macaluso M., Cole P., Sauberlich H.E., Soong S.J., Borst M., Baker V.V. Folate deficiency and cervical dysplasia. J. Am. med. Assoc. 1992;267:528–533. [PubMed: 1729576]

Byars R.W., Poole G.V., Barber W.H. Anal carcinoma arising from condyloma acuminata. Am Surg. 2001;67:469–472. [PubMed: 11379652]

Byrne J.C., Tsao M.-S., Fraser R.S., Howley P.M. Human papillomavirus-11 DNA in a patient with chronic laryngotracheobronchial papillomatosis and metastatic squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung. New Engl. J. Med. 1987;317:873–878. [PubMed: 2442608]

Cairey-Remonnay S., Humbey O., Mougin C., Algros M.P., Mauny F., Kanitakis J., Euvrard S., Laurent R., Aubin F. TP53 polymorphism of exon 4 at codon 72 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and benign epithelial lesions of renal transplant recipients and immunocompetent individuals: Lack of correlation with human papillomavirus status. J. invest. Dermatol. 2002;118:1026–1031. [PubMed: 12060398]

Caldeira S., Zehbe I., Accardi R., Malanchi I., Dong W., Giarrè M., de Villiers E.-M., Filotico R., Boukamp P., Tommasino M. The E6 and E7 proteins of the cutaneous human papillomavirus type 38 display transforming properties. J. Virol. 2003;77:2195–2206. [PMC free article: PMC140944] [PubMed: 12525654]

Calero L., Brusis T. [Laryngeal papillomatosis — First recognition in Germany as an occupational disease in an operating room nurse.] Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie. 2003;82:790–793. (in German) [PubMed: 14634897]

Calore E.E., Cavaliere M.J., Calore N.M.P. Squamous intraepithelial lesions in cervical smears of human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive adolescents. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1998;18:91–92. [PubMed: 9484635]

Calore E.E., Pereira S.M.M., Cavaliere M.J. Progression of cervical lesions in HIV-seropositive women: A cytological study. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2001;24:117–119. [PubMed: 11169890]

Calos M.P. Stability without a centromere. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 1998;95:4084–4085. [PMC free article: PMC34263] [PubMed: 9539691]

Campo M.S. Animal models of papillomavirus pathogenesis. Virus Res. 2002;89:249–261. [PubMed: 12445664]

Campo M.S., Moar M.H., Jarrett W.F.H., Laird H.M. A new papillomavirus associated with alimentary cancer in cattle. Nature. 1980;286:180–182. [PubMed: 6250043]

Campo M.S., Moar M.H., Laird H.M., Jarrett W.F.H. Molecular heterogeneity and lesion site specificity of cutaneous bovine papillomaviruses. Virology. 1981;113:323–335. [PubMed: 6267786]

Campo M.S., Moar M.H., Sartirana M.L., Kennedy I.M., Jarrett W.F.H. The presence of bovine papillomavirus type 4 DNA is not required for the progression to, or the maintenance of, the malignant state in cancers of the alimentary canal in cattle. EMBO J. 1985;4:1819–1825. [PMC free article: PMC554423] [PubMed: 2992946]

Campo M.S., Jarrett W.F.H., Barron R., O'Neil B.W., Smith K.T. Association of bovine papillomavirus type 2 and bracken fern with bladder cancer in cattle. Cancer Res. 1992;52:6898–6904. [PubMed: 1333885]

Campo M.S., Jarrett W.F.H., O'Neil W., Barron R.J. Latent papillomavirus infection in cattle. Res. vet. Sci. 1994a;56:151–157. [PubMed: 8191003]

Campo M.S., O'Neil B.W., Barron R.J., Jarrett W.F.H. Experimental reproduction of the papilloma–carcinoma complex of the alimentary canal in cattle. Carcinogenesis. 1994b;15:1597–1601. [PubMed: 8055638]

Campo M.S., O'Neil B.W., Grindlay G.J., Curtis F., Knowles G., Chandrachud L. A peptide encoding a B-cell epitope from the N-terminus of the capsid protein L2 of bovine papillomavirus-4 prevents disease. Virology. 1997;234:261–266. [PubMed: 9268157]

Cappiello G., Garbuglia A.R., Salvi R., Rezza G., Giuliani M., Pezzotti P., Suligoi B., Branca M., Migliore G., Formigoni Pomponi D., D'Ubaldo C., Ippolito G., Giacomini G., Benedetto A., the DIANAIDS Collaborative Study Group. HIV infection increases the risk of squamous intra-epithelial lesions in women with HPV infection: An analysis of HPV genotypes. Int. J. Cancer. 1997;72:982–986. [PubMed: 9378562]

Carlson C.A., Ethier S.P. Lack of RB protein correlates with increased sensitivity to UV-radiation-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Radiat. Res. 2000;154:590–599. [PubMed: 11025655]

Carney H.C., England J.J., Hodgin E.C., Whiteley H.E., Adkinson D.L., Sundberg J.P. Papillomavirus infection of aged Persian cats. J. vet. diagn. Invest. 1990;2:294–299. [PubMed: 1965634]

Carozzi F., Lombardi F.C., Zendron P., Confortini M., Sani C., Bisanzi S., Pontenani G., Ciatto S. Association of human papillomavirus with prostate cancer: Analysis of a consecutive series of prostate biopsies. Int. J. biol. Markers. 2004;19:257–261. [PubMed: 15646830]

Carr E.A., Théon A.P., Madewell B.R., Griffey S.M., Hitchcock M.E. Bovine papillomavirus DNA in neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissues obtained from horses with and without sarcoids in the western United States. Am. J. vet. Res. 2001a;62:741–744. [PubMed: 11341396]

Carr E.A., Théon A.P., Madewell B.R., Hitchcock M.E., Schlegel R., Schiller J.T. Expression of a transforming gene (E5) of bovine papillomavirus in sarcoids obtained from horses. Am. J. vet. Res. 2001b;62:1212–1217. [PubMed: 11497440]

Carter J.J., Hagensee M., Taflin M.C., Lee S.K., Koutsky L.A., Galloway D.A. HPV-1 capsids expressed in vitro detect human serum antibodies associated with foot warts. Virology. 1993;195:456–462. [PubMed: 7687802]

Carter J.J., Hagensee M.B., Lee S.K., McKnight B., Koutsky L.A., Galloway D.A. Use of HPV-1 capsids produced by recombinant vaccinia viruses in an ELISA to detect serum antibodies in people with foot warts. Virology. 1994;199:284–291. [PubMed: 7510082]

Carter J.J., Wipf G.C., Hagensee M.E., McKnight B., Habel L.A., Lee S.-K., Kuypers J., Kiviat N., Daling J.R., Koutsky L.A., Watts D.H., Holmes K.K., Galloway D.A. Use of human papillomavirus type 6 capsids to detect antibodies in people with genital warts. J. infect. Dis. 1995;172:11–18. [PubMed: 7797899]

Carter P.S., de Ruiter A., Whatrup C., Katz D.R., Ewings P., Mindel A., Northover J.M.A. Human immunodeficiency virus infection and genital warts as risk factors for anal intraepithelial neoplasia in homosexual men. Br. J. Surg. 1995;82:473–474. [PubMed: 7613888]

Carter J.J., Koutsky L.A., Wipf G.C., Christensen N.D., Lee S.-K., Kuypers J., Kiviat N., Galloway D.A. The natural history of human papillomavirus type 16 capsid antibodies among a cohort of university women. J. infect. Dis. 1996;174:927–936. [PubMed: 8896492]

Carter J.J., Koutsky L.A., Hughes J.P., Lee S.K., Kuypers J., Kiviat N., Galloway D.A. Comparison of human papillomavirus types 16, 18, and 6 capsid antibody responses following incident infection. J. infect. Dis. 2000;181:1911–1919. [PubMed: 10837170]

Carter J.J., Madeleine M.M., Shera K., Schwartz S.M., Cushing-Haugen K.L., Wipf G.C., Porter P., Daling J.R., McDougall J.K., Galloway D.A. Human papillomavirus 16 and 18 L1 serology compared across anogenital cancer sites. Cancer Res. 2001;61:1934–1940. [PubMed: 11280749]

Carter J.J., Wipf G.C., Benki S.F., Christensen N.D., Galloway D.A. Identification of a human papillomavirus type 16-specific epitope on the C-terminal arm of the major capsid protein L1. J. Virol. 2003;77:11625–11632. [PMC free article: PMC229369] [PubMed: 14557648]

Carter J.J., Wipf G.C., Madeleine M.M., Schwartz S.M., Koutsky L.A., Galloway D.A. Identification of human papillomavirus type 16 L1 surface loops required for neutralization by human sera. J. Virol. 2006;80:4664–4672. [PMC free article: PMC1472072] [PubMed: 16641259]

Caruso M.L., Valentini A.M. Different human papillomavirus genotypes in ano-genital lesions. Anticancer Res. 1999;19:3049–3053. [PubMed: 10652591]

Cason J., Kaye J., Pakarian F., Raju K.S., Best J.M. HPV-16 transmission. Lancet. 1995;345:197–198. [PubMed: 7823697]

Castellsagué X., Muñoz N. Chapter 3: Cofactors in human papillomavirus carcinogenesis — Role of parity, oral contraceptives, and tobacco smoking. J. natl Cancer Inst. Monogr. 2003;31:20–28. [PubMed: 12807941]

Castellsagué X., Ghaffari A., Daniel R.W., Bosch F.X., Muñoz N., Shah K.V. Prevalence of penile human papillomavirus DNA in husbands of women with and without cervical neoplasia: A study in Spain and Colombia. J. infect. Dis. 1997;176:353–361. [PubMed: 9237700]

Castellsagué X., Menéndez C., Loscertales M.-P., Kornegay J.R., dos Santos F., Gómez-Olivé F.X., Lloveras B., Abarca N., Vaz N., Barreto A., Bosch F.X., Alonso P. Human papillomavirus genotypes in rural Mozambique. Lancet. 2001;358:1429–1430. [PubMed: 11705494]

Castellsagué X., Bosch F.X., Muñoz N., Meijer C.J.L.M., Shah K.V., de Sanjosé S., Eluf-Neto J., Ngelangel C.A., Chichareon S., Smith J.S., Herrero R., Franceschi S., for the International Agency for Research on Cancer Multicenter Cervical Cancer Study Group. Male circumcision, penile human papillomavirus infection, and cervical cancer in female partners. New Engl. J. Med. 2002;346:1105–1112. [PubMed: 11948269]

Castellsagué X., Bosch F.X., Muñoz N. The male role in cervical cancer. Salud publica Mex. 2003;45 Suppl. 3:S345–S353. [PubMed: 14746027]

Castle P.E., Giuliano A.R. Genital tract infections, cervical inflammation, and antioxidant nutrients — Assessing their roles as human papillomavirus cofactors. J. natl Cancer Inst. Monogr. 2003;31:29–34. [PubMed: 12807942]

Castle P.E., Hillier S.L., Rabe L.K., Hildesheim A., Herrero R., Bratti M.C., Sherman M.E., Burk R.D., Rodriguez A.C., Alfaro M., Hutchinson M.L., Morales J., Schiffman M. An association of cervical inflammation with high-grade cervical neoplasia in women infected with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV). Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2001;10:1021–1027. [PubMed: 11588127]

Castle P.E., Schiffman M., Gravitt P.E., Kendall H., Fishman S., Dong H., Hildesheim A., Herrero R., Bratti M.C., Sherman M.E., Lorincz A., Schussler J.E., Burk R.D. Comparisons of HPV DNA detection by MY09/11 PCR methods. J. med. Virol. 2002a;68:417–423. [PubMed: 12226831]

Castle P.E., Wacholder S., Lorincz A.T., Scott D.R., Sherman M.E., Glass A.G., Rush B.B., Schussler J.E., Schiffman M. A prospective study of high-grade cervical neoplasia risk among human papillomavirus-infected women. J. natl Cancer Inst. 2002b;94:1406–1414. [PubMed: 12237286]

Castle P.E., Lorincz A.T., Scott D.R., Sherman M.E., Glass A.G., Rush B.B., Wacholder S., Burk R.D., Manos M.M., Schussler J.E., Macomber P., Schiffman M. Comparison between prototype Hybrid Capture 3 and Hybrid Capture 2 human papillomavirus DNA assays for detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer. J. clin. Microbiol. 2003a;41:4022–4030. [PMC free article: PMC193854] [PubMed: 12958220]

Castle P.E., Escoffery C., Schachter J., Rattray C., Schiffman M., Moncada J., Sugai K., Brown C., Cranston B., Hanchard B., Palefsky J.M., Burk R.D., Hutchinson M.L., Strickler H.D. Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus 2, and human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 are not associated with grade of cervical neoplasia in Jamaican colposcopy patients. Sex. transm. Dis. 2003b;30:575–580. [PubMed: 12838087]

Castle P.E., Solomon D., Schiffman M., Wheeler C.M., for the ALTS Group. Human papillomavirus type 16 infections and 2-year absolute risk of cervical precancer in women with equivocal or mild cytologic abnormalities. J. natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97:1066–1071. [PubMed: 16030304]

Cattani P., Hohaus S., Bellacosa A., Genuardi M., Cavallo S., Rovella V., Almadori G., Cadoni G., Galli J., Maurizi M., Fadda G., Neri G. Association between cyclin D1 (CCND1) gene amplification and human papillomavirus infection in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 1998;4:2585–2589. [PubMed: 9829720]

Cavatorta A.L., Fumero G., Chouhy D., Aguirre R., Nocito A.L., Giri A.A., Banks L., Gardiol D. Differential expression of the human homologue of Drosophila discs large oncosuppressor in histologic samples from human papillomavirus-associated lesions as a marker for progression to malignancy. Int. J. Cancer. 2004;111:373–380. [PubMed: 15221964]

Cecchini S., Bonardi R., Mazzotta A., Grazzini G., Iossa A., Ciatto S. Testing cervicography and cervicoscopy as screening tests for cervical cancer. Tumori. 1993;79:22–25. [PubMed: 8497916]

Chambers G., Ellsmore V.A., O'Brien P.M., Reid S.W.J., Love S., Campo M.S., Nasir L. Association of bovine papillomavirus with the equine sarcoid. J. gen. Virol. 2003a;84:1055–1062. [PubMed: 12692268]

Chambers G., Ellsmore V.A., O'Brien P.M., Reid S.W.J., Love S., Campo M.S., Nasir. L. Sequence variants of bovine papillomavirus E5 detected in equine sarcoids. Virus Res. 2003b;96:141–145. [PubMed: 12951274]

Chan W.-K., Klock G., Bernard H.-U. Progesterone and glucocorticoid response elements occur in the long control regions of several human papillomaviruses involved in anogenital neoplasia. J. Virol. 1989;63:3261–3269. [PMC free article: PMC250897] [PubMed: 2545902]

Chan S.-Y., Ho L., Ong C.-K., Chow V., Drescher B., Durst M., ter Meulen J., Villa L., Luande J., Mgaya H.N., Bernard H.-U. Molecular variants of human papillomavirus type 16 from four continents suggest ancient pandemic spread of the virus and its coevolution with humankind. J. Virol. 1992a;66:2057–2066. [PMC free article: PMC288996] [PubMed: 1312620]

Chan S.-Y., Bernard H.-U., Ong C.-K., Chan S.-P., Hofmann B., Delius H. Phylogenetic analysis of 48 papillomavirus types and 28 subtypes and variants: A showcase for the molecular evolution of DNA viruses. J. Virol. 1992b;66:5714–5725. [PMC free article: PMC241446] [PubMed: 1326639]

Chan S.-Y., Tan C.-H., Delius H., Bernard H.-U. Human papillomavirus type 2c is identical to human papillomavirus type 27. Virology. 1994;201:397–398. [PubMed: 8184550]

Chan S.-Y., Delius H., Halpern A.L., Bernard H.-U. Analysis of genomic sequences of 95 papillomavirus types: Uniting typing, phylogeny, and taxonomy. J. Virol. 1995;69:3074–3083. [PMC free article: PMC189008] [PubMed: 7707535]

Chan K.W., Wong K.Y., Srivastava G. Prevalence of six types of human papillomavirus in inverted papilloma and papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: An evaluation by polymerase chain reaction. J. clin. Pathol. 1997;50:1018–1021. [PMC free article: PMC500384] [PubMed: 9516885]

Chan S.-Y., Bernard H.-U., Ratterree M., Birkebak T.A., Faras A.J., Ostrow R.S. Genomic diversity and evolution of papillomaviruses in rhesus monkeys. J. Virol. 1997a;71:4938–4943. [PMC free article: PMC191724] [PubMed: 9188556]

Chan S.-Y., Ostrow R.S., Faras A.J., Bernard H.-U. Genital papillomaviruses (PVs) and epidermodysplasia verruciformis PVs occur in the same monkey species: Implications for PV evolution. Virology. 1997b;228:213–217. [PubMed: 9123827]

Chan P.K.S., Chan M.Y.M., Li W.W.H., Chan D.P.C., Cheung J.L.K., Cheng A.F. Association of human β-herpesviruses with the development of cervical cancer: Bystanders or cofactors. J. clin. Pathol. 2001;54:48–53. [PMC free article: PMC1731269] [PubMed: 11271789]

Chandrachud L.M., Grindlay G.J., McGarvie G.M., O'Neil B.W., Wagner E.R., Jarrett W.F.H., Campo M.S. Vaccination of cattle with the N-terminus of L2 is necessary and sufficient for preventing infection by bovine papillomavirus-4. Virology. 1995;211:204–208. [PubMed: 7544045]

Chang Y.E., Laimins L.A. Microarray analysis identifies interferon-inducible genes and Stat-1 as major transcriptional targets of human papillomavirus type 31. J. Virol. 2000;74:4174–4182. [PMC free article: PMC111932] [PubMed: 10756030]

Chang F., Syrjänen S., Shen Q., Wang L., Wang D., Syrjänen K. Human papillomavirus involvement in esophageal precancerous lesions and squamous cell carcinomas as evidenced by microscopy and different DNA techniques. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 1992;27:553–563. [PubMed: 1322555]

Chang F., Lipponen P., Tervahauta A., Syrjänen S., Syrjänen K. Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: Failure to demonstrate human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid by in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. J. Urol. 1994;152:1429–1433. [PubMed: 7933176]

Chang F., Syrjänen S., Shen Q., Cintorino M., Santopietro R., Tosi P., Syrjänen K. Human papillomavirus involvement in esophageal carcinogenesis in the high-incidence area of China. A study of 700 cases by screening and type-specific in situ hybridization. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 2000;35:123–130. [PubMed: 10720108]

Chang J.-L., Tsao Y.-P., Liu D.-W., Huang S.-J., Lee W.-H., Chen S.-L. The expression of HPV-16 E5 protein in squamous neoplastic changes in the uterine cervix. J. biomed. Sci. 2001;8:206–213. [PubMed: 11287752]

Chang J.Y.-F., Lin M.-C., Chiang C.-P. High-risk human papillomaviruses may have an important role in non-oral habits-associated oral squamous cell carcinomas in Taiwan. Am. J. clin. Pathol. 2003;120:909–916. [PubMed: 14671980]

Chatterjee R., Mukhopadhyay D., Murmu N., Mitra P.K. Correlation between human papillomavirus DNA detection in maternal cervical smears and buccal swabs of infants. Indian J. exp. Biol. 1998;36:199–202. [PubMed: 9754051]

Chee Y.H., Namkoong S.E., Kim D.H., Kim S.J., Park J.S. Immunologic diagnosis and monitoring of cervical cancers using in vitro translated HPV proteins. Gynecol. Oncol. 1995;57:226–231. [PubMed: 7729739]

Chellappan S., Kraus V.B., Kroger B., Munger K., Howley P.M., Phelps W.C., Nevins J.R. Adenovirus E1A, simian virus 40 tumor antigen, and human papillomavirus E7 protein share the capacity to disrupt the interaction between transcription factor E2F and the retinoblastoma gene product. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 1992;89:4549–4553. [PMC free article: PMC49120] [PubMed: 1316611]

Chen S.-L., Mounts P. Transforming activity of E5a protein of human papillomavirus type 6 in NIH 3T3 and C127 cells. J. Virol. 1990;64:3226–3233. [PMC free article: PMC249539] [PubMed: 2161939]

Chen L.P., Thomas E.K., Hu S.-L., Hellström I., Hellström K.E. Human papillomavirus type 16 nucleoprotein E7 is a tumor rejection antigen. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 1991;88:110–114. [PMC free article: PMC50759] [PubMed: 1846033]

Chen S., Slavin J., Fairley C.K., Tabrizi S.N., Borg A.J., Billson V., Garland S.M. The absence of HPV DNA in genital specimens from infants. Genitourin. Med. 1993;69:270–272. [PMC free article: PMC1195085] [PubMed: 7721286]

Chen M., Wang H., Woodworth C.D., Lusso P., Berneman Z., Kingma D., Delgado G., DiPaolo J.A. Detection of human herpesvirus 6 and human papillomavirus 16 in cervical carcinoma. Am. J. Pathol. 1994;145:1509–1516. [PMC free article: PMC1887479] [PubMed: 7992853]

Chen J.J., Reid C.E., Band V., Androphy E.J. Interaction of papillomavirus E6 oncoproteins with a putative calcium-binding protein. Science. 1995;269:529–531. [PubMed: 7624774]

Chen Y.-H., Huang L.-H., Chen T.-M. Differential effects of progestins and estrogens on long control regions of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 1996;224:651–659. [PubMed: 8713103]

Chen J.J., Hong Y., Rustamzadeh E., Baleja J.D., Androphy E.J. Identification of an α helical motif sufficient for association with papillomavirus E6. J. biol. Chem. 1998;273:13537–13544. [PubMed: 9593689]

Chen T.R., Chan P.J., Seraj I.M., King A. Absence of human papillomavirus E6–E7 transforming genes from HPV 16 and 18 in malignant ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol. Oncol. 1999;72:180–182. [PubMed: 10021297]

Chen C.-H., Wang T.-L., Hung C.-F., Yang Y., Young R.A., Pardoll D.M., Wu T.-C. Enhancement of DNA vaccine potency by linkage of antigen gene to an HSP70 gene. Cancer Res. 2000;60:1035–1042. [PubMed: 10706121]

Chen X.S., Garcea R.L., Goldberg I., Casini G., Harrison S.C. Structure of small virus-like particles assembled from the L1 protein of human papillomavirus 16. Mol. Cell. 2000;5:557–567. [PubMed: 10882140]

Chen Y.-C., Chen J.-H., Richard K., Chen P.-Y., Christiani D.C. Lung adenocarcinoma and human papillomavirus infection. Cancer. 2004;101:1428–1436. [PubMed: 15368331]

Chen R., Sehr P., Waterboer T., Leivo I., Pawlita M., Vaheri A., Aaltonen L.-M. Presence of DNA of human papillomavirus 16 but no other types in tumor-free tonsillar tissue. J. clin. Microbiol. 2005;43:1408–1410. [PMC free article: PMC1081223] [PubMed: 15750119]

Cheng J.-Y., Meng C.-L., Chao C.-F., Gau S.-D., Lin J.-C. Human papillomavirus type-related DNA and c-myc oncogene alterations in colon cancer cell lines. Dis. Colon Rectum. 1991;34:469–474. [PubMed: 1645245]

Cheng J.-Y., Meng C.-L., Chao C.-F., Gau S.-D., Lin J.-C. Human papillomavirus 16 DNA in NIH3T3 cells transformed by colonic cancer cellular DNA. Gut. 1993;34:1710–1713. [PMC free article: PMC1374468] [PubMed: 8282259]

Cheng S., Schmidt-Grimminger D.-C., Murant T., Broker T.R., Chow L.T. Differentiation-dependent up-regulation of the human papillomavirus E7 gene reactivates cellular DNA replication in suprabasal differentiated keratinocytes. Genes Dev. 1995;9:2335–2349. [PubMed: 7557386]

Cheng Y.-W., Chiou H.-L., Sheu G.-T., Hsieh L.-L., Chen J.-T., Chen C.-Y., Su J.-M., Lee H. The association of human papillomavirus 16/18 infection with lung cancer among nonsmoking Taiwanese women. Cancer Res. 2001;61:2799–2803. [PubMed: 11306446]

Cheng Y.-W., Chiou H.-L., Chen J.-T., Chou M.-C., Lin T.-S., Lai W.-W., Chen C.-Y., Tsai Y. Y., Lee H. Gender difference in human papillomavirus infection for non-small cell lung cancer in Taiwan. Lung Cancer. 2004;46:165–170. [PubMed: 15474664]

Chesebro M.J., Everett W.D., Lörincz A. High-risk human papillomavirus testing of women with cytological low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. J. lower genit. Tract Dis. 1997;1:234–239. [PubMed: 25951209]

Chetsanga C., Malmström P.-U., Gyllensten U., Moreno-Lopez J., Dinter Z., Pettersson U. Low incidence of human papillomavirus type 16 DNA in bladder tumor detected by the polymerase chain reaction. Cancer. 1992;69:1208–1211. [PubMed: 1310888]

Chiasson M.A., Ellerbrock T.V., Bush T.J., Sun X.-W., Wright T.C. Jr. Increased prevalence of vulvovaginal condyloma and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Obstet. Gynecol. 1997;89:690–694. [PubMed: 9166302]

Chien W.-M., Parker J.N., Schmidt-Grimminger D.-C., Broker T.R., Chow L.T. Casein kinase II phosphorylation of the human papillomavirus-18 E7 protein is critical for promoting S-phase entry. Cell Growth Differ. 2000;11:425–435. [PubMed: 10965847]

Chien W.-M., Noya F., Benedict-Hamilton H.M., Broker T.R., Chow L.T. Alternative fates of keratinocytes transduced by human papillomavirus type 18 E7 during squamous differentiation. J. Virol. 2002;76:2964–2972. [PMC free article: PMC136004] [PubMed: 11861862]

Childers J.M., Chu J., Voigt L.F., Feigl P., Tamimi H.K., Franklin E.W., Alberts D.S., Meyskens F.L.L. Jr. Chemoprevention of cervical cancer with folic acid: A phase III Southwest Oncology Group Intergroup Study. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 1995;4:155–159. [PubMed: 7742723]

Chin-Hong P.V., Vittinghoff E., Cranston R.D., Buchbinder S., Cohen D., Colfax G., Da Costa M., Darragh T., Hess E., Judson F., Koblin B., Madison M., Palefsky J.M. Age-specific prevalence of anal human papillomavirus infection in HIV-negative sexually active men who have sex with men: The EXPLORE Study. J. infect. Dis. 2004;190:2070–2076. [PubMed: 15551204]

Chiou H.-L., Wu M.-F., Liaw Y.-C., Cheng Y.-W., Wong R.-H., Chen C.-Y., Lee H. The presence of human papillomavirus type 16/18 DNA in blood circulation may act as a risk marker of lung cancer in Taiwan. Cancer. 2003;97:1558–1563. [PubMed: 12627521]

Chirenje Z.M., Loeb L., Mwale M., Nyamapfeni P., Kamba M., Padian N. Association of cervical SIL and HIV-1 infection among Zimbabwean women in an HIV/STI prevention study. Int. J. STD AIDS. 2002;13:765–768. [PubMed: 12437897]

Choi B.-S., Kim O., Park M.S., Kim K.S., Jeong J.K., Lee J.-S. Genital human papillomavirus genotyping by HPV oligonucleotide microarray in Korean commercial sex workers. J. med. Virol. 2003;71:440–445. [PubMed: 12966552]

Chong T., Apt D., Gloss B., Isa M., Bernard H.-U. The enhancer of human papillomavirus type 16: Binding sites for the ubiquitous transcription factors oct-1, NFA, TEF-2, NF1, and AP-1 participate in epithelial cell-specific transcription. J. Virol. 1991;65:5933–5943. [PMC free article: PMC250257] [PubMed: 1656080]

Chow V.T.K., Leong P.W. Complete nucleotide sequence, genomic organization and phylogenetic analysis of a novel genital human papillomavirus type, HLT7474-S. J. gen. Virol. 1999;80:2923–2929. [PubMed: 10580054]

Christensen N.D., Kreider J.W. Antibody-mediated neutralization in vivo of infectious papillomaviruses. J. Virol. 1990;64:3151–3156. [PMC free article: PMC249518] [PubMed: 1693698]

Christensen N.D., Kreider J.W., Cladel N.M., Galloway D.A. Immunological cross-reactivity to laboratory-produced HPV-11 virions of polysera raised against bacterially derived fusion proteins and synthetic peptides of HPV-6b and HPV-16 capsid proteins. Virology. 1990;175:1–9. [PubMed: 2155503]

Christensen N.D., Kreider J.W., Kan N.C., DiAngelo S.L. The open reading frame L2 of cottontail rabbit papillomavirus contains antibody-inducing neutralizing epitopes. Virology. 1991;181:572–579. [PubMed: 1707567]

Christensen N.D., Kirnbauer R., Schiller J.T., Ghim S.-J., Schlegel R., Jenson A.B., Kreider J.W. Human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 have antigenically distinct strongly immunogenic conformationally dependent neutralizing epitopes. Virology. 1994;205:329–335. [PubMed: 7526536]

Christensen N.D., Cladel N.M., Reed C.A. Postattachment neutralization of papillomaviruses by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Virology. 1995;207:136–142. [PubMed: 7871722]

Christensen N.D., Dillner J., Eklund C., Carter J.J., Wipf G.C., Reed C.A., Cladel N.M., Galloway D.A. Surface conformational and linear epitopes on HPV-16 and HPV-18 L1 virus-like particles as defined by monoclonal antibodies. Virology. 1996a;223:174–184. [PubMed: 8806551]

Christensen N.D., Reed C.A., Cladel N.M., Hall K., Leiserowitz G.S. Monoclonal antibodies to HPV-6 L1 virus-like particles identify conformational and linear neutralizing epitopes on HPV-11 in addition to type-specific epitopes on HPV-6. Virology. 1996b;224:477–486. [PubMed: 8874508]

Christensen N.D., Reed C.A., Cladel N.M., Han R., Kreider J.W. Immunization with viruslike particles induces long-term protection of rabbits against challenge with cottontail rabbit papillomavirus. J. Virol. 1996c;70:960–965. [PMC free article: PMC189900] [PubMed: 8551636]

Christensen N.D., Cladel N.M., Reed C.A., Han R. Rabbit oral papillomavirus complete genome sequence and immunity following genital infection. Virology. 2000;269:451–461. [PubMed: 10753723]

Christensen N.D., Cladel N.M., Reed C.A., Budgeon L.R., Embers M.E., Skulsky D.M., McClements W.L., Ludmerer S.W., Jansen K.U. Hybrid papillomavirus L1 molecules assemble into virus-like particles that reconstitute conformational epitopes and induce neutralizing antibodies to distinct HPV types. Virology. 2001;291:324–334. [PubMed: 11878901]

Ciccolini F., Di Pasquale G., Carlotti F., Crawford L., Tommasino M. Functional studies of E7 proteins from different HPV types. Oncogene. 1994;9:2633–2638. [PubMed: 8058327]

Cid A., Auewarakul P., Garcia-Carranca A., Ovseiovich R., Gaissert H., Gissmann L. Cell-type-specific activity of the human papillomavirus type 18 upstream regulatory region in transgenic mice and its modulation by tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate and glucocorticoids. J. Virol. 1993;67:6742–6752. [PMC free article: PMC238115] [PubMed: 8411377]

Cirisano F.D. Management of pre-invasive disease of the cervix. Semin. surg. Oncol. 1999;16:222–227. [PubMed: 10225299]

Claas E.C.J., Quint W.G.V., Pieters W.J.L.M., Burger M.P.M., Oosterhuis W.J., Lindeman J. Human papillomavirus and the three group metaphase figure as markers of an increased risk for the development of cervical carcinoma. Am. J. Pathol. 1992;140:497–502. [PMC free article: PMC1886439] [PubMed: 1310833]

Classon M., Salama S., Gorka C., Mulloy R., Braun P., Harlow E. Combinatorial roles for pRB, p107, and p130 in E2F-mediated cell cycle control. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 2000;97:10820–10825. [PMC free article: PMC27107] [PubMed: 10995475]

Clavel C.E., Nawrocki B., Bosseaux B., Poitevin G., Putaud I.C., Mangeonjean C.C., Monteau M., Birembaut P.L. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in bronchopulmonary carcinomas by Hybrid Capture II. A study of 185 tumors. Cancer. 2000;88:1347–1352. [PubMed: 10717615]

Clavel C., Masure M., Bory J.-P., Putaud I., Mangeonjean C., Lorenzato M., Nazeyrollas P., Gabriel R., Quereux C., Birembaut P. Human papillomavirus testing in primary screening for the detection of high-grade cervical lesions: A study of 7932 women. Br. J. Cancer. 2001;89:1616–1623. [PMC free article: PMC2363679] [PubMed: 11401314]

Clavel C., Cucherousset J., Lorenzato M., Caudroy S., Nou J.M., Nazeyrollas P., Polette M., Bory J.-P., Gabriel R., Quereux C., Birembaut P. Negative human papillomavirus testing in normal smears selects a population at low risk for developing high-grade cervical lesions. Br. J. Cancer. 2004;90:1803–1808. [PMC free article: PMC2409748] [PubMed: 15150605]

Clifford G.M., Smith J.S., Aguado T., Franceschi S. Comparison of HPV type distribution in high-grade cervical lesions and cervical cancer: A meta-analysis. Br. J. Cancer. 2003a;89:101–105. [PMC free article: PMC2394204] [PubMed: 12838308]

Clifford G.M., Smith J.S., Plummer M., Muñoz N., Franceschi S. Human papillomavirus types in invasive cervical cancer worldwide: A meta-analysis. Br. J. Cancer. 2003b;88:63–73. [PMC free article: PMC2376782] [PubMed: 12556961]

Clifford G.M., Rana R.K., Franceschi S., Smith J.S., Gough G., Pimenta J.M. Human papillomavirus genotype distribution in low-grade cervical lesions: Comparison by geographic region and with cervical cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14:1157–1164. [PubMed: 15894666]

Cohn J.A., Gagnon S., Spence M.R., Harrison D.D., Kluzak T.R., Langenberg P., Brinson C., Stein A., Hellinger J., the Cervical Disease Study Group of the American Foundation for AIDS Research Community Based Clinical Trials Network. The role of human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid assay and repeated cervical cytologic examination in the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2001;184:322–330. [PubMed: 11228481]

Coker A.L., Russell R.B., Bond S.M., Pirisi L., Liu Y., Mane M., Kokorina N., Gerasimova T., Hermonat P.L. Adeno-associated virus is associated with a lower risk of high-grade cervical neoplasia. Exp. mol. Pathol. 2001;70:83–89. [PubMed: 11263951]

Coleman N., Stanley M.A. Analysis of HLA-DR expression on keratinocytes in cervical neoplasia. Int. J. Cancer. 1994;56:314–319. [PubMed: 8314316]

Coleman N., Birley H.D.L., Renton A.M., Hanna N.F., Ryait B.K., Byrne M., Taylor-Robinson D., Stanley M.A. Immunological events in regressing genital warts. Am. J. clin. Pathol. 1994;102:768–774. [PubMed: 7801889]

Collins S.I., Mazloomzadeh S., Winter H., Rollason T.P., Blomfield P., Young L.S., Woodman C.B.J. Proximity of first intercourse to menarche and the risk of human papillomavirus infection: A longitudinal study. Int. J. Cancer. 2005;114:498–500. [PubMed: 15551326]

Combita A.-L., Bravo M.-M., Touzé A., Orozco O., Coursaget P. Serologic response to human oncogenic papillomavirus types 16, 18, 31, 33, 39, 58 and 59 virus-like particles in Colombian women with invasive cervical cancer. Int. J. Cancer. 2002;97:796–803. [PubMed: 11857357]

Conley L.J., Ellerbrock T.V., Bush T.J., Chiasson M.A., Sawo D., Wright T.C. HIV-1 infection and risk of vulvovaginal and perianal condylomata acuminata and intraepithelial neoplasia: A prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2002;359:108–113. [PubMed: 11809252]

Connor J.P., Ferrer K., Kane J.P., Goldberg J.M. Evaluation of Langerhans' cells in the cervical epithelium of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Gynecol. Oncol. 1999;75:130–135. [PubMed: 10502439]

Conrad M., Bubb V.J., Schlegel R. The human papillomavirus type 6 and 16 E5 proteins are membrane-associated proteins which associate with the 16-kilodalton pore-forming protein. J. Virol. 1993;67:6170–6178. [PMC free article: PMC238039] [PubMed: 7690419]

Conrad M., Goldstein D., Andresson T., Schlegel R. The E5 protein of HPV-6, but not HPV-16, associates efficiently with cellular growth factor receptors. Virology. 1994;200:796–800. [PubMed: 7909971]

Cook J.R., Hill D.A., Humphrey P.A., Pfeifer J.D., El-Mofty S.K. Squamous cell carcinoma arising in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis with pulmonary involvement: Emerging common pattern of clinical features and human papillomavirus serotype association. Mod. Pathol. 2000;13:914–918. [PubMed: 10955460]

Cooper K., Haffajee Z., Taylor L. Human papillomavirus and schistosomiasis associated bladder cancer. J. clin. Pathol. mol. Pathol. 1997;50:145–148. [PMC free article: PMC379609] [PubMed: 9292149]

Coppleson M. Colposcopic features of papillomaviral infection and premalignancy in the female lower genital tract. Dermatol. Clin. 1991;9:251–266. [PubMed: 1647904]

Corbitt G., Zarod A.P., Arrand J.R., Longson M., Farrington W.T. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes associated with laryngeal papilloma. J. clin. Pathol. 1988;41:284–288. [PMC free article: PMC1141425] [PubMed: 2834419]

Cordiner J.W., Sharp F., Briggs J.D. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in immunosuppressed women after renal transplantation. Scott. med. J. 1980;25:275–277. [PubMed: 7010590]

Costa S., Rotola A., Terzano P., Secchiero P., Di Luca D., Poggi M.G., Masotti P., Martinelli G., Cassai E. Is vestibular papillomatosis associated with human papillomavirus? J. med. Virol. 1991;35:7–13. [PubMed: 1658222]

Coulombeau B., Nusa Naiman A., Ceruse P., Froehlich P. [The place of anti-viral injection (Cidofovir) in the treatment of laryngeal papillomatosis.] Rev. Laryngol. Otol. Rhinol. 2002;123:315–320. (in French) [PubMed: 12741293]

Coursen J.D., Bennett W.P., Gollahon L., Shay J.W., Harris C.C. Genomic instability and telomerase activity in human bronchial epithelial cells during immortalization by human papillomavirus-16 E6 and E7 genes. Exp. Cell Res. 1997;235:245–253. [PubMed: 9281374]

Coussens L.M., Hanahan D., Arbeit J.M. Genetic predisposition and parameters of malignant progression in K14-HPV16 transgenic mice. Am. J. Pathol. 1996;149:1899–1917. [PMC free article: PMC1865365] [PubMed: 8952526]

Couto E., Hemminki K. Heritable and environmental components in cervical tumors. Int. J. Cancer. 2006;119:2699–2701. [PubMed: 16991123]

Cox J.T., Schiffman M., Solomon D., ASCUS-LSIL Triage Study (ALTS Group. Prospective follow-up suggests similar risk of subsequent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 among women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 or negative colposcopy and directed biopsy. Am. J. obstet. Gynecol. 2003;188:1406–1412. [PubMed: 12824970]

Cox J.T., Petry K.-U., Rylander E., Roy M. Using imiquimod for genital warts in female patients. J. Womens Health. 2004;13:265–271. [PubMed: 15130255]

Creek K.E., Jenkins G.R., Khan M.A., Batova A., Hodam J.R., Tolleson W.H., Pirisi L. Retinoic acid suppresses human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16)-mediated transformation of human keratinocytes and inhibits the expression of HPV16 oncogenes. Adv. exp. med. Biol. 1994;354:19–35. [PubMed: 8067286]

Cress R.D., Holly E.A. Incidence of anal cancer in California: Increased incidence among men in San Francisco, 1973–1999. Prev. Med. 2003;36:555–560. [PubMed: 12689800]

Cripe T.P., Haugen T.H., Turk J.P., Tabatabai F., Schmid P.G., Dürst M., Gissmann L., Roman A., Turek L.P. Transcriptional regulation of the human papillomavirus-16 E6-E7 promoter by a keratinocyte-dependent enhancer, and by viral E2 trans-activator and repressor gene products: Implications for cervical carcinogenesis. EMBO J. 1987;6:3745–3753. [PMC free article: PMC553845] [PubMed: 2448139]

Cripe T.P., Alderborn A., Anderson R.D., Parkkinen S., Bergman P., Haugen T.H., Pettersson U., Turek L.P. Transcriptional activation of the human papillomavirus-16 P97 promoter by an 88-nucleotide enhancer containing distinct cell-dependent and AP-1-responsive modules. New Biologist. 1990;2:450–463. [PubMed: 1963084]

Critchlow C.W., Surawicz C.M., Holmes K.K., Kuypers J., Daling J.R., Hawes S.E., Goldbaum G.M., Sayer J., Hurt C., Dunphy C., Kiviat N.B. Prospective study of high grade anal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia in a cohort of homosexual men: Influence of HIV infection, immunosuppression and human papillomavirus infection. AIDS. 1995;9:1255–1262. [PubMed: 8561979]

Critchlow C.W., Hawes S.E., Kuypers J.M., Goldbaum G.M., Holmes K.K., Surawicz C.M., Kiviat N.B. Effect of HIV infection on the natural history of anal human papillomavirus infection. AIDS. 1998;12:1177–1184. [PubMed: 9677167]

Cromme F.V., Meijer C.J.L.M., Snijders P.J.F., Uyterlinde A., Kenemans P., Helmerhorst T., Stern P.L., van den Brule A.J.C., Walboomers J.M.M. Analysis of MHC class I and II expression in relation to presence of HPV genotypes in premalignant and malignant cervical lesions. Br. J. Cancer. 1993;67:1372–1380. [PMC free article: PMC1968477] [PubMed: 8390286]

Cromme F.V., Airey J., Heemels M.-T., Ploegh H.L., Keating P.J., Stern P.L., Meijer C.J.L.M., Walboomers J.M.M. Loss of transporter protein encoded by the TAP-1 gene is highly correlated with loss of HLA expression in cervical carcinomas. J. exp. Med. 1994;179:335–340. [PMC free article: PMC2191340] [PubMed: 8270878]

Cronjé H.S., Parham G.P., Cooreman B.F., de Beer A., Divall P., Bam R.H. A comparison of four screening methods for cervical neoplasia in a developing country. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2003;188:395–400. [PubMed: 12592246]

Crook T., Storey A., Almond N., Osborn K., Crawford L. Human papillomavirus type 16 cooperates with activated ras and fos oncogenes in the hormone-dependent transformation of primary mouse cells. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 1988;85:8820–8824. [PMC free article: PMC282598] [PubMed: 2848240]

Crook T., Morgenstern J.P., Crawford L., Banks L. Continued expression of HPV-16 E7 protein is required for maintenance of the transformed phenotype of cells co-transformed by HPV-16 plus EJ-ras. EMBO J. 1989;8:513–519. [PMC free article: PMC400835] [PubMed: 2542020]

Crum C.P., Barber S., Symbula M., Snyder K., Saleh A.M., Roche J.K. Coexpression of the human papillomavirus type 16 E4 and L1 open reading frames in early cervical neoplasia. Virology. 1990;178:238–246. [PubMed: 2167552]

Crum C.P., Barber S., Roche J.K. Pathobiology of papillomavirus-related cervical diseases: Prospects for immunodiagnosis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1991;4:270–285. [PMC free article: PMC358199] [PubMed: 1653642]

Crusius K., Auvinen E., Alonso A. Enhancement of EGF- and PMA-mediated MAP kinase activation in cells expressing the human papillomavirus type 16 E5 protein. Oncogene. 1997;15:1437–1444. [PubMed: 9333019]

Crusius K., Auvinen E., Steuer B., Gaissert H., Alonso A. The human papillomavirus type 16 E5-protein modulates ligand-dependent activation of the EGF receptor family in the human epithelial cell line HaCaT. Exp. Cell Res. 1998;241:76–83. [PubMed: 9633515]

Cubie H.A., Seagar A.L., Beattie G.J., Monaghan S., Williams A.R.W. A longitudinal study of HPV detection and cervical pathology in HIV infected women. Sex transm. Infect. 2000;76:257–261. [PMC free article: PMC1744169] [PubMed: 11026879]

Cuesta K.H., Palazzo J.P., Mittal K.R. Detection of human papillomavirus in verrucous carcinoma from HIV-seropositive patients. J. cutan. Pathol. 1998;25:165–170. [PubMed: 9550316]

Cullen A.P., Reid R., Campion M., Lörincz A.T. Analysis of the physical state of different human papillomavirus DNAs in intraepithelial and invasive cervical neoplasm. J. Virol. 1991;65:606–612. [PMC free article: PMC239798] [PubMed: 1846186]

Culp T.D., Christensen N.D.. Quantitative RT-PCR assay for HPV infection in cultured cells. J. virol. Meth. 2003;111:135–144. [PubMed: 12880929]

Cupp M.R., Malek R.S., Goellner J.R., Espy M.J., Smith T.F. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in primary squamous cell carcinoma of the male urethra. Urology. 1996;48:551–555. [PubMed: 8886059]

Cuschieri K.S., Whitley M.J., Cubie H.A. Human papillomavirus type specific DNA and RNA persistence — Implications for cervical disease progression and monitoring. J. med. Virol. 2004a;73:65–70. [PubMed: 15042650]

Cuschieri K.S., Cubie H.A., Whitley M.W., Seagar A.L., Arends M.J., Moore C., Gilkisson G., McGoogan E. Multiple high risk HPV infections are common in cervical neoplasia and young women in a cervical screening population. J. clin. Pathol. 2004b;57:68–72.. [PMC free article: PMC1770158] [PubMed: 14693839]

Cuschieri K.S., Beattie G., Hassan S., Robertson K., Cubie H. Assessment of human papillomavirus mRNA detection over time in cervical specimens collected in liquid based cytology medium. J. virol. Meth. 2005;124:211–215. [PubMed: 15664071]

Cusimano R., Dardanoni G., Dardanoni L., La Rosa M., Pavone G., Tumino R., Gafa L. Risk factors of female cancers in Ragusa population (Sicily) — 1. Endometrium and cervix uteri cancers. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 1989;5:363–371. [PubMed: 2792311]

Cu-Uvin S., Hogan J.W., Warren D., Klein R.S., Peipert J., Schuman P., Holmberg S., Anderson J., Schoenbaum E., Vlahov D., Mayer K.H., for the HIV Epidemiology Research Study Group. Prevalence of lower genital tract infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and high-risk HIV-seronegative women. Clin. infect. Dis. 1999;29:1145–1150. [PubMed: 10524955]

Cuzick J., Szarewski A., Terry G., Ho L., Hanby A., Maddox P., Anderson M., Kocjan G., Steele S.T., Guillebaud J. Human papillomavirus testing in primary cervical screening. Lancet. 1995;345:1533–1536. [PubMed: 7791438]

Cuzick J., Beverley E., Ho L., Terry G., Sapper H., Mielzynska I., Lorincz A., Chan W.-K., Krausz T., Soutter P. HPV testing in primary screening of older women. Br. J. Cancer. 1999;81:554–558. [PMC free article: PMC2362918] [PubMed: 10507785]

Cuzick J., Terry G., Ho L., Monaghan J., Lopes A., Clarkson P., Duncan I. Association between high-risk HPV types, HLA DRB1* and DQB1* alleles and cervical cancer in British women. Br. J. Cancer. 2000;82:1348–1352. [PMC free article: PMC2374489] [PubMed: 10755413]

Cuzick J., Szarewski A., Cubie H., Hulman G., Kitchener H., Luesley D., McGoogan E., Menon U., Terry G., Edwards R., Brooks C., Desai M., Gie C., Ho L., Jacobs I., Pickles C., Sasieni P. Management of women who test positive for high-risk types of human papillomavirus: The HART study. Lancet. 2003;362:1871–1876. [PubMed: 14667741]

Czerwenka K., Heuss F., Hosmann J.W., Manavi M., Lu Y., Jelincic D., Kubista E. Human papilloma virus DNA: A factor in the pathogenesis of mammary Paget's disease? Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 1996;41:51–57. [PubMed: 8932876]

Da J., Chen L., Hu Y. Human papillomavirus infection and p53 gene mutation in primary lung cancer. Chin. J. Oncol. 1996;18:27–29. [PubMed: 8732107]

Dahlgren L., Dahlstrand H.M., Lindquist D., Högmo A., Björnestål L., Lindholm J., Lundberg B., Dalianis T., Munck-Wikland E. Human papillomavirus is more common in base of tongue than in mobile tongue cancer and is a favorable prognostic factor in base of tongue cancer patients. Int. J. Cancer. 2004;112:1015–1019. [PubMed: 15386365]

Dahlstrom K.R., Adler-Storthz K., Etzel C.J., Liu Z., Dillon L., El-Naggar A.K., Spitz M.R., Schiller J.T., Wei Q., Sturgis E.M. Human papillomavirus type 16 infection and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in never-smokers: A matched pair analysis. Clin. Cancer Res. 2003;9:2620–2626. [PubMed: 12855639]

Dai M., Clifford G.M., le Calvez F., Castellsagué X., Snijders P.J.F., Pawlita M., Herrero R., Hainaut P., Franceschi S., for the IARC Multicenter Oral Cancer Study Group. Human papillomavirus type 16 and TP53 mutation in oral cancer: Matched analysis of the IARC Multicenter Study. Cancer Res. 2004;64:468–471. [PubMed: 14744758]

Dal Maso L., Franceschi S., Polesel J., Braga C., Piselli P., Crocetti E., Falcini F., Guzzinati S., Zanetti R., Vercelli M., Rezza G., for the Cancer and AIDS Registry Linkage Study. Risk of cancer in persons with AIDS in Italy, 1985–1998. Br. J. Cancer. 2003;89:94–100. [PMC free article: PMC2394201] [PubMed: 12838307]

Dalal S., Gao Q., Androphy E.J., Band V. Mutational analysis of human papillomavirus type 16 E6 demonstrates that p53 degradation is necessary for immortalization of mammary epithelial cells. J. Virol. 1996;70:683–688. [PMC free article: PMC189867] [PubMed: 8551603]

Daling J.R., Madeleine M.M., McKnight B., Carter J.J., Wipf G.C., Ashley R., Schwartz S.M., Beckmann A.M., Hagensee M.E., Mandelson M.T., Galloway D.A. The relationship of human papillomavirus-related cervical tumors to cigarette smoking, oral contraceptive use, and prior herpes simplex virus type 2 infection. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 1996;5:541–548. [PubMed: 8827359]

Daling J.R., Madeleine M.M., Schwartz S.M., Shera K.A., Carter J.J., McKnight B., Porter P.L., Galloway D.A., McDougall J.K., Tamimi H. A population-based study of squamous cell vaginal cancer: HPV and cofactors. Gynecol. Oncol. 2002;84:263–270. [PubMed: 11812085]

Daling J.R., Madeleine M.M., Johnson L.G., Schwartz S.M., Shera K.A., Wurscher M.A., Carter J.J., Porter P.L., Galloway D.A., McDougall J.K. Human papillomavirus, smoking, and sexual practices in the etiology of anal cancer. Cancer. 2004;101:270–280. [PubMed: 15241823]

Damin A.P.S., Karam R., Zettler C.G., Caleffi M., Alexandre C.O.P. Evidence for an association of human papillomavirus and breast carcinomas. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 2004;84:131–137. [PubMed: 14999143]

Danos O., Georges E., Orth G., Yaniv M. Fine structure of the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus mRNAs expressed in the transplantable VX2 carcinoma. J. Virol. 1985;53:735–741. [PMC free article: PMC254701] [PubMed: 2983085]

Dargent D., Martin X., Sacchetoni A., Mathevet P. Laparoscopic vaginal radical trachelectomy. A treatment to preserve the fertility of cervical carcinoma patients. Cancer. 2000;88:1877–1882. [PubMed: 10760765]

David M., Sohl S., Krause H., Farkic M., Neuhaus R. Changes in cervix cytology in women with liver transplants treated with immunosuppressive therapy. Zentralbl. Gynakol. 1993;115:362–365. [PubMed: 7692689]

Davidson E.J., Boswell C.M., Sehr P., Pawlita M., Tomlinson A.E., McVey R.J., Dobson J., Roberts J.S.C., Hickling J., Kitchener H.C., Stern P.L. Immunological and clinical responses in women with vulval intraepithelial neoplasia vaccinated with a vaccinia virus encoding human papillomavirus 16/18 oncoproteins. Cancer Res. 2003;63:6032–6041. [PubMed: 14522932]

Davidson E.J., Faulkner R.L., Sehr P., Pawlita M., Smyth L.J.C., Burt D.J., Tomlinson A.E., Hickling J., Kitchener H.C., Stern P.L. Effect of TA-CIN (HPV 16 L2E6E7) booster immunisation in vulval intraepithelial neoplasia patients previously vaccinated with TA-HPV (vaccinia virus encoding HPV 16/18 E6E7). Vaccine. 2004;22:2722–2729. [PubMed: 15246603]

Davies R., Hicks R., Crook T., Morris J., Vousden K. Human papillomavirus type 16 E7 associates with a histone H1 kinase and with p107 through sequences necessary for transformation. J. Virol. 1993;67:2521–2528. [PMC free article: PMC237571] [PubMed: 8386265]

Davis D.B., Kingsbury D.T. Quantitation of the viral DNA present in cells transformed by UV-irradiated herpes simplex virus. J. Virol. 1976;17:788–793. [PMC free article: PMC515477] [PubMed: 176444]

Davis G., Wentworth J., Richard J. Self-administered topical imiquimod treatment of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. A report of four cases. J. reprod. Med. 2000;45:619–623. [PubMed: 10986679]

Davison J.M., Marty J.J. Detecting premalignant cervical lesions. Contribution of screening colposcopy to cytology. J. reprod. Med. 1994;39:388–392. [PubMed: 8064706]

Davy C.E., Jackson D.J., Wang Q., Raj K., Masterson P.J., Fenner N.F., Southern S., Cuthill S., Millar J.B.A., Doorbar J. Identification of a G2 arrest domain in the E1^E4 protein of human papillomavirus type 16. J. Virol. 2002;76:9806–9818. [PMC free article: PMC136512] [PubMed: 12208959]

Day P.M., Roden R.B.S., Lowy D.R., Schiller J.T. The papillomavirus minor capsid protein, L2, induces localization of the major capsid protein, L1, and the viral transcription/replication protein, E2, to PML oncogenic domains. J. Virol. 1998;72:142–150. [PMC free article: PMC109358] [PubMed: 9420209]

Day P.M., Lowy D.R., Schiller J.T. Papillomaviruses infect cells via a clathrin-dependent pathway. Virology. 2003;307:1–11. [PubMed: 12667809]

Day P.M., Baker C.C., Lowy D.R., Schiller J.T. Establishment of papillomavirus infection is enhanced by promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) expression. Proc. natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2004;101:14252–14257. [PMC free article: PMC521143] [PubMed: 15383670]

D'Costa J., Saranath D., Dedhia P., Sanghvi V., Mehta A.R. Detection of HPV-16 genome in human oral cancers and potentially malignant lesions from India. Oral Oncol. 1998;34:413–420. [PubMed: 9861351]

Deacon J.M., Evans C.D., Yule R., Desai M., Binns W., Taylor C., Peto J. Sexual behaviour and smoking as determinants of cervical HPV infection and of CIN3 among those infected: A case–control study nested within the Manchester cohort. Br. J. Cancer. 2000;83:1565–1572. [PMC free article: PMC2363425] [PubMed: 11076670]

Deau M.-C., Favre M., Orth G. Genetic heterogeneity among human papillomaviruses (HPV) associated with epidermodysplasia verruciformis: Evidence for multiple allelic forms of HPV 5 and HPV 8 E6 genes. Virology. 1991;184:492–503. [PubMed: 1653484]

De Cicco C., Sideri M., Bartolomei M., Grana C., Cremonesi M., Fiorenza M., Maggioni A., Bocciolone L., Mangioni C., Colombo N., Paganelli G. Sentinel node biopsy in early vulvar cancer. Br. J. Cancer. 2000;82:295–299. [PMC free article: PMC2363267] [PubMed: 10646880]

De Clercq E. Clinical potential of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates cidofovir, adefovir, and tenofovir in treatment of DNA virus and retrovirus infections. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2003;16:569–596. [PMC free article: PMC207110] [PubMed: 14557287]

De Gaetani C., Ferrari G., Righi E., Bettelli S., Migaldi M., Ferrari P., Trentini G.P. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in urinary bladder carcinoma by in situ hybridisation. J. clin. Pathol. 1999;52:103–106. [PMC free article: PMC501052] [PubMed: 10396236]

Degenhardt Y.Y., Silverstein S.J. Gps2, a protein partner for human papillomavirus E6 proteins. J. Virol. 2001;75:151–160. [PMC free article: PMC113908] [PubMed: 11119584]

Delius H., van Ranst M.A., Jenson A.B., zur Hausen H., Sundberg J.P. Canine oral papillomavirus genomic sequence: A unique 1.5-kb intervening sequence between the E2 and L2 open reading frames. Virology. 1994;204:447–452. [PubMed: 8091677]

Della Torre G., Pilotti S., de Palo G., Rilke F. Viral particles in cervical condylomatous lesions. Tumori. 1978;64:549–553. [PubMed: 746603]

Delmas M.-C., Larsen C., van Benthem B., Hamers F.F., Bergeron C., Poveda J.-D., Anzén B., van den Hoek A., Meier F., Peña J.M., Savonius H., Sperandeo D., Suligoi B., Vernazza P., Brunet J.B., De Vincenzi I., for the European Study Group on Natural History of HIV Infection in Women. Cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in HIV-infected women: Prevalence, incidence and regression. AIDS. 2000;14:1775–1784. [PubMed: 10985315]

Del Mistro A., Braunstein J.D., Halwer M., Koss L.G. Identification of human papillomavirus types in male urethral condylomata acuminata by in situ hybridization. Hum. Pathol. 1987;18:936–940. [PubMed: 3040573]

Demers G.W., Espling E., Harry J.B., Etscheid B.G., Galloway D.A. Abrogation of growth arrest signals by human papillomavirus type 16 E7 is mediated by sequences required for transformation. J. Virol. 1996;70:6862–6869. [PMC free article: PMC190734] [PubMed: 8794328]

Deng S.-J., Pearce K.H., Dixon E.P., Hartley K.A., Stanley T.B., Lobe D.C., Garvey E.P., Kost T.A., Petty R.L., Rocque W.J., Alexander K.A., Underwood M.R. Identification of peptides that inhibit the DNA binding, trans-activator, and DNA replication functions of the human papillomavirus type 11 E2 protein. J. Virol. 2004;78:2637–2641. [PMC free article: PMC369253] [PubMed: 14963172]

Denny L., Kuhn L., Pollack A., Wainwright H., Wright T.C. Jr. Evaluation of alternative methods of cervical cancer screening for resource-poor settings. Cancer. 2000;89:826–833. [PubMed: 10951346]

Denny L., Kuhn L., Pollack A., Wright T.C. Jr. Direct visual inspection for cervical cancer screening. An analysis of factors influencing test performance. Cancer. 2002;94:1699–1707. [PubMed: 11920531]

Dersimonian R., Laird N.M. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Controlled Clin. Trials. 1986;7:177–188. [PubMed: 3802833]

Desaintes C., Demeret C. Control of papillomavirus DNA replication and transcription. Semin. Cancer Biol. 1996;7:339–347. [PubMed: 9284526]

De Vuyst H., Steyaert S., Van Renterghem L., Claeys P., Muchiri L., Sitati S., Vansteelandt S., Quint W., Kleter B., Van Marck E., Temmerman M. Distribution of human papillomavirus in a family planning population in Nairobi, Kenya. Sex. transm. Dis. 2003;30:137–142. [PubMed: 12567172]

Dhanwada K.R., Garrett L., Smith P., Thompson K.D., Doster A., Jones C. Characterization of human keratinocytes transformed by high risk human papillomavirus types 16 or 18 and herpes simplex virus type 2. J. gen. Virol. 1993;74:955–963. [PubMed: 8389810]

Diaz-Arrastia C., Arany I., Robazetti S.C., Dinh T.V., Gatalica Z., Tyring S.K., Hannigan E. Clinical and molecular responses in high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia treated with topical imiquimod 5%. Clin. Cancer Res. 2001;7:3031–3033. [PubMed: 11595691]

Dillner J. Mapping of linear epitopes of human papillomavirus type 16: The E1, E2, E4, E5, E6 and E7 open reading frames. Int. J. Cancer. 1990;46:703–711. [PubMed: 1698732]

Dillner J. The serological response to papillomaviruses. Semin. Cancer Biol. 1999;9:423–430. [PubMed: 10712889]

Dillner J., Dillner L., Robb J., Willems J., Jones I., Lancaster W., Smith R., Lerner R. A synthetic peptide defines a serologic IgA response to a human papillomavirus-encoded nuclear antigen expressed in virus-carrying cervical neoplasia. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 1989;86:3838–3841. [PMC free article: PMC287236] [PubMed: 2471193]

Dillner L., Heino P., Moreno-Lopez J., Dillner J. Antigenic and immunogenic epitopes shared by human papillomavirus type 16 and bovine, canine, and avian papillomaviruses. J. Virol. 1991;65:6862–6871. [PMC free article: PMC250784] [PubMed: 1719234]

Dillner J., Lenner P., Lehtinen M., Eklund C., Heino P., Wiklund F., Hallmans G., Stendahl U. A population-based seroepidemiological study of cervical cancer. Cancer Res. 1994;54:134–141. [PubMed: 8261434]

Dillner J., Wiklund F., Lenner P., Eklund C., Frederiksson-Shanazarian V., Schiller J.T., Hibma M., Hallmans G., Stendahl U. Antibodies against linear and conformational epitopes of human papillomavirus type 16 that independently associate with incident cervical cancer. Int. J. Cancer. 1995a;60:377–382. [PubMed: 7530234]

Dillner J., Knekt P., Schiller J.T., Hakulinen T. Prospective seroepidemiological evidence that human papillomavirus type 16 infection is a risk factor for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Br. med. J. 1995b;311:1346. [PMC free article: PMC2551249] [PubMed: 7496288]

Dillner J., Kallings I., Brihmer C., Sikström B., Koskela P., Lehtinen M., Schiller J.T., Sapp M., Mårdh P.A. Seropositivities to human papillomavirus types 16, 18, or 33 capsids and to Chlamydia trachomatis are markers of sexual behaviour. J. infect. Dis. 1996;173:1394–1398. [PubMed: 8648211]

Dillner J., Lehtinen M., Björge T., Luostarinen T., Youngman L., Jellum E., Koskela P., Gislefoss R.E., Hallmans G., Paavonen J., Sapp M., Schiller J.T., Hakulinen T., Thoresen S., Hakama M. Prospective seroepidemiologic study of human papillomavirus infection as a risk factor for invasive cervical cancer. J. natl Cancer Inst. 1997;89:1293–1299. [PubMed: 9293920]

Dillner J., Knekt P., Boman J., Lehtinen M., Af Geijersstam V., Sapp M., Schiller J., Maatela J., Aromaa A. Sero-epidemiological association between human-papillomavirus infection and risk of prostate cancer. Int. J. Cancer. 1998;75:564–567. [PubMed: 9466657]

Dillner J., Andersson-Ellström A., Hagmar B., Schiller J. High risk genital papillomavirus infections are not spread vertically. Rev. med. Virol. 1999;9:23–29. [PubMed: 10371669]

Dillner J., Arbyn M., Dillner L. Translational mini-review series on vaccines: Monitoring of human papillomavirus vaccination. Clin. exp. Immunol. 2007;148:199–207. [PMC free article: PMC1868871] [PubMed: 17437418]

Di Lonardo A., Venuti A., Marcante M.L. Human papillomavirus in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 1992;21:95–100. [PubMed: 1320958]

DiLorenzo T.P., Tamsen A., Abramson A.L., Steinberg B.M. Human papillomavirus type 6a DNA in the lung carcinoma of a patient with recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis is characterized by a partial duplication. J. gen. Virol. 1992;73:423–428. [PubMed: 1311363]

DiMaio D., Mattoon D. Mechanisms of cell transformation by papillomavirus E5 proteins. Oncogene. 2001;20:7866–7873. [PubMed: 11753669]

DiMaio D., Guralski D., Schiller J.T. Translation of open reading frame E5 of bovine papillomavirus is required for its transforming activity. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 1986;83:1797–1801. [PMC free article: PMC323171] [PubMed: 3006073]

DiPaolo J.A., Woodworth C.D., Popescu N.C., Koval D.L., Lopez J.V., Doniger J. HSV-2-induced tumorigenicity in HPV16-immortalized human genital keratinocytes. Virology. 1990;177:777–779. [PubMed: 2164733]

DiPaolo J.A., Woodworth C.D., Coutlée F., Zimonic D.B., Bryant J., Kessous A. Relationship of stable integration of herpes simplex virus-2 Bg/II N subfragment Xho2 to malignant transformation of human papillomavirus-immortalized cervical keratinocytes. Int. J. Cancer. 1998;76:865–871. [PubMed: 9626354]

Doan T., Chambers M., Street M., Fernando G.J.P., Herd K., Lambert P., Tindle R. Mice expressing the E7 oncogene of HPV16 in epithelium show central tolerance, and evidence of peripheral anergising tolerance, to E7-encoded cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes. Virology. 1998;244:352–364. [PubMed: 9601506]

Doan T., Herd K.A., Lambert P.F., Fernando G.J.P., Street M.D., Tindle R.W. Peripheral tolerance to human papillomavirus E7 oncoprotein occurs by cross-tolerization, is largely Th-2-independent, and is broken by dendritic cell immunization. Cancer Res. 2000;60:2810–2815. [PubMed: 10850419]

Dodd J.G., Paraskevas M., McNicol P.J. Detection of human papillomavirus 16 transcription in human prostate tissue. J. Urol. 1993;149:400–402. [PubMed: 7678873]

Dong S.M., Kim H.-S., Rha S.-H., Sidransky D. Promoter hypermethylation of multiple genes in carcinomas of the uterine cervix. Clin. Cancer Res. 2001;7:1982–1986. [PubMed: 11448914]

Doniger J., Muralidhar S., Rosenthal L.J. Human cytomegalovirus and human herpesvirus 6 genes that transform and transactivate. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1999;12:367–382. [PMC free article: PMC100243] [PubMed: 10398670]

Doorbar J., Ely S., Sterling J., McLean C., Crawford L. Specific interaction between HPV-16 E1-E4 and cytokeratins results in collapse of the epithelial cell intermediate filament network. Nature. 1991;352:824–827. [PubMed: 1715519]

Doorbar J., Foo C., Coleman N., Medcalf L., Hartley O., Prospero T., Napthine S., Sterling J., Winter G., Griffin H. Characterization of events during the late stages of HPV16 infection in vivo using high-affinity synthetic Fabs to E4. Virology. 1997;238:40–52. [PubMed: 9375007]

van Doorn L.-J., Quint W., Kleter B., Molijn A., Colau B., Martin M.-T., Kravang-In, Torrez-Martinez N., Peyton C.L., Wheeler C.M. Genotyping of human papillomavirus in liquid cytology cervical specimens by the PGMY line blot assay and the SPF₁₀ line probe assay. J. clin. Microbiol. 2002;40:979–983. [PMC free article: PMC120246] [PubMed: 11880426]

Dorrucci M., Suligoi B., Serraino D., Tirelli U., Rezza G., for the Italian HIV-Seroconversion Study. Incidence of invasive cervical cancer in a cohort of HIV-seropositive women before and after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. J. acquir. immune Defic. Syndr. 2001;26:377–380. [PubMed: 11317082]

Dostatni N., Lambert P.F., Sousa R., Ham J., Howley P.M., Yaniv M. The functional BPV-1 E2 trans-activating protein can act as a repressor by preventing formation of the initiation complex. Genes Dev. 1991;5:1657–1671. [PubMed: 1653173]

Downs A.M.R., Ward K.A., Peachey R.D.G. Subungual squamous cell carcinoma in Darier's disease. Clin. exp. Dermatol. 1997;22:277–279. [PubMed: 9604454]

Doyle D.J., Gianoli G.J., Espinola T., Miller R.H. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: Juvenile versus adult forms. Laryngoscope. 1994;104:523–527. [PubMed: 8189980]

Drapkin A.L., Livingston E.G., Dodge R., Coogan A.C., Herbert W.N. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-infected women in a southeastern US population. South. med. J. 1997;90:893–896. [PubMed: 9305297]

van Driel W.J., Ressing M.E., Kenter G.G., Brandt R.M.P., Krul E.J.T., van Rossum A.B., Schuuring E., Offringa R., Bauknecht T., Tamm-Hermelink A., van Dam P.A., Fleuren G.J., Kast W.M., Melief C.J.M., Trimbos J.B. Vaccination with HPV16 peptides of patients with advanced cervical carcinoma: Clinical evaluation of a phase I-II trial. Eur. J. Cancer. 1999;35:946–952. [PubMed: 10533477]

Drobacheff C., Dupont P., Mougin C., Bourezane Y., Challier B., Fantoli M., Bettinger D., Laurent R. Anal human papillomavirus DNA screening by Hybrid Capture II™ in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients with or without anal intercourse. Eur. J. Dermatol. 2003;13:367–371. [PubMed: 12948917]

Drobni P., Mistry N., McMillan N., Evander M. Carboxy-fluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester labeled papillomavirus virus-like particles fluoresce after internalization and interact with heparan sulfate for binding and entry. Virology. 2003;310:163–172. [PubMed: 12788640]

Duensing S., Münger K. Centrosome abnormalities, genomic instability and carcinogenic progression. Biochim. biophys. Acta. 2001;1471:M81–M88. [PubMed: 11342187]

Duensing S., Münger K. The human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins independently induce numerical and structural chromosome instability. Cancer Res. 2002;62:7075–7082. [PubMed: 12460929]

Duensing S., Münger K. Human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein can induce abnormal centrosome duplication through a mechanism independent of inactivation of retinoblastoma protein family members. J. Virol. 2003;77:12331–12335. [PMC free article: PMC254291] [PubMed: 14581569]

Duensing S., Lee L.Y., Duensing A., Basile J., Piboonniyom S.-O., Gonzalez S., Crum C.P., Münger K. The human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins cooperate to induce mitotic defects and genomic instability by uncoupling centrosome duplication from the cell division cycle. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 2000;97:10002–10007. [PMC free article: PMC27652] [PubMed: 10944189]

Duensing S., Duensing A., Crum C.P., Münger K. Human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein-induced abnormal centrosome synthesis is an early event in the evolving malignant phenotype. Cancer Res. 2001a;61:2356–2360. [PubMed: 11289095]

Duensing S., Duensing A., Flores E.R., Do A., Lambert P.F., Münger K. Centrosome abnormalities and genomic instability by episomal expression of human papillomavirus type 16 in raft cultures of human keratinocytes. J. Virol. 2001b;75:7712–7716. [PMC free article: PMC115006] [PubMed: 11462043]

Duerr A., Kieke B., Warren D., Shah K., Burk R., Peipert J.F., Schuman P., Klein R.S., for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemiology Research (HER) Study. Human papillomavirus-associated cervical cytologic abnormalities among women with or at risk of infection with human immunodeficiency virus. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2001;184:584–590. [PubMed: 11262457]

Duff, R. (1975) Quantitative transformation of Swiss/3T3 cells by UV-irradiated herpes simplex virus type 2. In: de-Thé, G., Epstein, M.A. & zur Hausen, H., eds, Oncogenesis and Herpes-viruses II (IARC Scientific Publications No. 11), Lyon, pp. 421–427. [PubMed: 190148]

Duff R., Rapp F. Oncogenic transformation of hamster cells after exposure to herpes simplex virus type 2. Nat. new Biol. 1971a;233:48–50. [PubMed: 4329350]

Duff R., Rapp F. Properties of hamster embryo fibroblasts transformed in vitro after exposure to ultraviolet-irradiated herpes simplex virus type 2. J. Virol. 1971b;8:469–477. [PMC free article: PMC376220] [PubMed: 4108570]

Duff R., Rapp F. Oncogenic transformation of hamster embryo cells after exposure to inactivated herpes simplex virus type 1. J. Virol. 1973;12:209–217. [PMC free article: PMC356614] [PubMed: 4355928]

Duggan-Keen M.F., Keating P.J., Stevens F.R.A., Sinnott P., Snijders P.J.F., Walboomers J.M.M., Davidson S., Hunter R.D., Dyer P.A., Stern P.L. Immunogenetic factors in HPV-associated cervical cancer: influence on disease progression. K. Immunogen. 1996;23:275–284. [PubMed: 8858284]

van Duin M., Snijders P.J.F., Schrijnemakers H.F.J., Voorhorst F.J., Rozendaal L., Nobbenhuis M.A.E., van den Brule A.J.C., Verheijen R.H.M., Helmerhorst T.J., Meijer C.J.L.M. Human papillomavirus 16 load in normal and abnormal cervical scrapes: An indicator of CIN II/III and viral clearance. Int. J. Cancer. 2002;98:590–595. [PubMed: 11920620]

Dunn L.A., Evander M., Tindle R.W., Bulloch A.L., de Kluyver R.L., Fernando G.J.P., Lambert P.F., Frazer I.H. Presentation of the HPV16E7 protein by skin grafts is insufficient to allow graft rejection in an E7-primed animal. Virology. 1997;235:94–103. [PubMed: 9300040]

Durante A.J., Williams A.B., Da Costa M., Darragh T.M., Khoshnood K., Palefsky J.M. Incidence of anal cytological abnormalities in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2003;12:638–642. [PubMed: 12869403]

Dürst M., Kleinheinz A., Hotz M., Gissmann L. The physical state of human papillomavirus type 16 DNA in benign and malignant genital tumours. J. gen. Virol. 1985;66:1515–1522. [PubMed: 2991428]

Dürst M., Dzarlieva-Petrusevska R.T., Boukamp P., Fusenig N.E., Gissmann L. Molecular and cytogenetic analysis of immortalized human primary keratinocytes obtained after transfection with human papillomavirus type 16 DNA. Oncogene. 1987a;1:251–256. [PubMed: 2838778]

Dürst M., Croce C.M., Gissmann L., Schwarz E., Huebner K. Papillomavirus sequences integrate near cellular oncogenes in some cervical carcinomas. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA. 1987b;84:1070–1074. [PMC free article: PMC304363] [PubMed: 3029760]

Dürst M., Seagon S., Wanschura S., zur Hausen H., Bullerdiek J. Malignant progression of an HPV 16-immortalized human keratinocyte cell line (HPK IA) in vitro. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 1995;85:105–112. [PubMed: 8548732]

Dyall-Smith D., Trowell H., Mark A., Dyall-Smith M. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and papillomaviruses in renal transplant recipients: A clinical and molecular biological study. J. dermatol. Sci. 1991;2:139–146. [PubMed: 1652277]

Dybikowska A., Licznerski P., Podhajska A. HPV detection in cervical cancer patients in northern Poland. Oncol. Rep. 2002;9:871–874. [PubMed: 12066224]

Dyson N., Howley P.M., Münger K., Harlow E. The human papilloma virus-16 E7 oncoprotein is able to bind to the retinoblastoma gene product. Science. 1989;243:934–937. [PubMed: 2537532]

Dyson N., Guida P., Münger K., Harlow E. Homologous sequences in adenovirus E1A and human papillomavirus E7 proteins mediate interaction with the same set of cellular proteins. J. Virol. 1992;66:6893–6902. [PMC free article: PMC240306] [PubMed: 1331501]

Dyson N., Dembski M., Fattaey A., Ngwu C., Ewen M., Helin K. Analysis of p107-associated proteins: p107 Associates with a form of E2F that differs from pRB-associated E2F-1. J. Virol. 1993;67:7641–7647. [PMC free article: PMC238233] [PubMed: 8230483]

Eckert R.L., Agarwal C., Hembree J.R., Choo C.K., Sizemore N., Andreatta-van Leyen S., Rorke E.A. Human cervical cancer. Retinoids, interferon and human papillomavirus. Adv. exp. med. Biol. 1995;375:31–44. [PubMed: 7544060]

Eckert L.O., Watts D.H., Koutsky L.A., Hawes S.E., Stevens C.E., Kuypers J., Kiviat N.B. A matched prospective study of human immunodeficiency virus serostatus, human papillomavirus DNA, and cervical lesions detected by cytology and colposcopy. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 1999;7:158–164. [PMC free article: PMC1784734] [PubMed: 10371475]

Edwards S., Carne C. Oral sex and the transmission of viral STIs. Sex. transm. Infect. 1998;74:6–10. [PMC free article: PMC1758078] [PubMed: 9634307]

Edwards A., Atma-Ram A., Thin R.N. Podophyllotoxin 0.5% v. podophyllin 20% to treat penile warts. Genitourin. Med. 1988;64:263–265. [PMC free article: PMC1194230] [PubMed: 3169757]

Edwards L., Ferenczy A., Eron L., Baker D., Owens M.L., Fox T.L., Hougham A.J., Schmitt K.A., the HPV Study Group. Self-administered topical 5% imiquimod cream for external anogenital warts. Arch. Dermatol. 1998;134:25–30. [PubMed: 9449906]

Effert P.J., Frye R.A., Neubauer A., Liu E.T., Walther P.J. Human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 are not involved in human prostate carcinogenesis: Analysis of archival human prostate cancer specimens by differential polymerase chain reaction. J. Urol. 1992;147:192–196. [PubMed: 1309581]

Egawa K., Inaba Y., Yoshimura K., Ono T. Varied clinical morphology of HPV-1-induced warts, depending on anatomical factors. Br. J. Dermatol. 1993a;128:271–276. [PubMed: 8385984]

Egawa K., Shibasaki Y., de Villiers E.-M. Double infection with human papillomavirus 1 and human papillomavirus 63 in single cells of a lesion displaying only an human papillomavirus 63-induced cytopathogenic effect. Lab. Invest. 1993b;69:583–588. [PubMed: 8246450]

Egawa K., Honda Y., Inaba Y., Kojo Y., Ono T., de Villiers E.-M. Multiple plantar epidermoid cysts harboring carcinoembryonic antigen and human papillomavirus DNA sequences. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 1994;40:494–496. [PubMed: 8113467]

Egberink H.F., Berrocal A., Bax H.A.D., van den Ingh T.S.G.A.M., Walter J.H., Horzinek M.C. Papillomavirus associated skin lesions in a cat seropositive for feline immunodeficiency virus. Vet. Microbiol. 1992;31:117–125. [PubMed: 1320786]

Eichten A., Westfall M., Pietenpol J.A., Münger K. Stabilization and functional impairment of the tumor suppressor p53 by the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein. Virology. 2002;295:74–85. [PubMed: 12033767]

Eike A., Buchwald C., Rolighed J., Lindeberg H. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is rarely present in normal oral and nasal mucosa. Clin. Otolaryngol. 1995;20:171–173. [PubMed: 7634527]

Eisemann C., Fisher S.G., Gross G., Müller M., Gissmann L. Antibodies to human papillomavirus type 11 virus-like particles in sera of patients with genital warts and in control groups. J. gen. Virol. 1996;77:1799–1803. [PubMed: 8760429]

Elbel M., Carl S., Spaderna S., Iftner T. A comparative analysis of the interactions of the E6 proteins from cutaneous and genital papillomaviruses with p53 and E6AP in correlation to their transforming potential. Virology. 1997;239:132–149. [PubMed: 9426453]

Elgui de Oliveira D., Furtado Monteiro T.A., Alencar de Melo W., Amaral Reboucas Moreira M., Alvarenga M., Bacchi C.E. Lack of Epstein-Barr virus infection in cervical carcinomas. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 1999;123:1098–1100. [PubMed: 10539915]

ELhamidi A., Hamoudi R.A., Kocjan G., Du M.-Q. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: Prognosis by combined LOH analysis of multiple loci. Gynecol. Oncol. 2004;94:671–679. [PubMed: 15350357]

Eliezri Y.D., Silverstein S.J., Nuovo G.J. Occurrence of human papillomavirus type 16 DNA in cutaneous squamous and basal cell neoplasms. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 1990;23:836–842. [PubMed: 2174930]

Ellerbrock T.V., Chiasson M.A., Bush T.J., Sun X.-W., Sawo D., Brudney K., Wright T.C. Jr. Incidence of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in HIV-infected women. J. Am. med. Assoc. 2000;283:1031–1037. [PubMed: 10697063]

Elson D.A., Riley R.R., Lacey A., Thordarson G., Talamantes F.J., Arbeit J.M. Sensitivity of the cervical transformation zone to estrogen-induced squamous carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 2000;60:1267–1275. [PubMed: 10728686]

El-Tonsy M.H., Anbar T.E.-D., El-Domyati M., Barakat M. Density of viral particles in pre and post Nd:YAG laser hyperthermia therapy and cryotherapy in plantar warts. Int. J. Dermatol. 1999;38:393–398. [PubMed: 10369554]

Eng H.-L., Lin T.-M., Chen S.-Y., Wu S.-M., Chen W.-J. Failure to detect human papillomavirus DNA in malignant epithelial neoplasms of conjunctiva by polymerase chain reaction. Am. J. clin. Pathol. 2002;117:429–436. [PubMed: 11888082]

Engelberg R., Carrell D., Krantz E., Corey L., Wald A. Natural history of genital herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. Sex. transm. Dis. 2003;30:174–177. [PubMed: 12567178]

Enzenauer C., Mengus G., Lavigne A.-C., Davidson I., Pfister H., May M. Interaction of human papillomavirus 8 regulatory proteins E2, E6 and E7 with components of the TFIID complex. Intervirology. 1998;41:80–90. [PubMed: 9820841]

Epinat J.-C., Gilmore T.D. Diverse agents act at multiple levels to inhibit the Rel/NF-κB signal transduction pathway. Oncogene. 1999;18:6896–6909. [PubMed: 10602465]

Euvrard S., Chardonnet Y., Dureau G., Hermier C., Thivolet J. Human papillomavirus type 1-associated squamous cell carcinoma in a heart transplant recipient. Arch. Dermatol. 1991;127:559–564. [PubMed: 1848746]

Euvrard S., Chardonnet Y., Pouteil-Noble C., Kanitakis J., Chignol M.C., Thivolet J., Touraine J.L. Association of skin malignancies with various and multiple carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic human papillomaviruses in renal transplant recipients. Cancer. 1993;72:2198–2206. [PubMed: 8397062]

Evander M., Frazer I.H., Payne E., Qi Y.M., Hengst K., McMillan N.A.J. Identification of the α6 integrin as a candidate receptor for papillomaviruses. J. Virol. 1997;71:2449–2456. [PMC free article: PMC191355] [PubMed: 9032382]

Evans E.M.-L., Man S., Evans A.S., Borysiewicz L.K. Infiltration of cervical cancer tissue with human papillomavirus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Cancer Res. 1997;57:2943–2950. [PubMed: 9230206]

Everett R.D., Earnshaw W.C., Pluta A.F., Sternsdorf T., Ainsztein A.M., Carmena M., Ruchaud S., Hsu W.-L., Orr A. A dynamic connection between centromeres and ND10 proteins. J. Cell Sci. 1999;112:3443–3454. [PubMed: 10504293]

Eversole L.R., Laipis P.J., Green T.L. Human papillomavirus type 2 DNA in oral and labial verruca vulgaris. J. cutan. Pathol. 1987a;14:319–325. [PubMed: 2832456]

Eversole L.R., Laipis P.J., Merrell P., Choi E. Demonstration of human papillomavirus DNA in oral condyloma acuminatum. J. oral Pathol. 1987b;16:266–272. [PubMed: 2821213]

Faccini A.M., Cairney M., Ashrafi G.H., Finbow M.E., Campo M.S., Pitts J.D. The bovine papillomavirus type 4 E8 protein binds to ductin and causes loss of gap junctional inter-cellular communication in primary fibroblasts. J. Virol. 1996;70:9041–9045. [PMC free article: PMC191008] [PubMed: 8971040]

Fairley C.K., Chen S., Tabrizi S.N., McNeil J., Becker G., Walker R., Atkins R.C., Thomson N., Allan P., Woodburn C., Garland S.M. Prevalence of HPV DNA in cervical specimens in women with renal transplants: A comparison with dialysis-dependent patients and patients with renal impairment. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 1994a;9:416–420. [PubMed: 8084456]

Fairley C.K., Sheil A.G.R., McNeil J.-J., Ugoni A.M., Disney A.P.S., Giles G.G., Amiss N. The risk of ano-genital malignancies in dialysis and transplant patients. Clin. Nephrol. 1994b;41:101–105. [PubMed: 8004825]

Fairley C.K., Tabrizi S.N., Chen S., Baghurst P., Young H., Quinn M., Medley G., McNeil J.J., Garland S.M. A randomized clinical trial of beta carotene vs placebo for the treatment of cervical HPV infection. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer. 1996;6:225–230.

Fan T., Lu H., Hu H., Shi L., McClarty G.A., Nance D.M., Greenberg A.H., Zhong G. Inhibition of apoptosis in chlamydia-infected cells: Blockade of mitochondrial cytochrome c release and caspase activation. J. exp. Med. 1998;187:487–496. [PMC free article: PMC2212145] [PubMed: 9463399]

Fang L., Ward M.G., Welsh P.A., Budgeon L.R., Neely E.B., Howett M.K. Suppression of human papillomavirus gene expression in vitro and in vivo by herpes simplex virus type 2 infection. Virology. 2003;314:147–160. [PubMed: 14517068]

Farin F.M., Bigler L.G., Oda D., McDougall J.K., Omiecinski C.J. Expression of cytochrome P450 and microsomal epoxide hydrolase in cervical and oral epithelial cells immortalized by human papillomavirus type 16 E6/E7 genes. Carcinogenesis. 1995;16:1391–1401. [PubMed: 7788860]

Farr A., Wang H., Kashe M.S., Roman A. Relative enhancer activity and transforming potential of authentic human papillomavirus type 6 genomes from benign and malignant lesions. J. gen. Virol. 1991;72:519–526. [PubMed: 1848589]

Favre M., Obalek S., Jablonska S., Orth G. Human papillomavirus type 49, a type isolated from flat warts of renal transplant patients. J. Virol. 1989;63:4909. [PMC free article: PMC251134] [PubMed: 2552167]

Favre M., Orth G., Majewski S., Baloul S., Pura A., Jablonska S. Psoriasis: A possible reservoir for human papillomavirus type 5, the virus associated with skin carcinomas of epidermodysplasia verruciformis. J. invest. Dermatol. 1998a;110:311–317. [PubMed: 9540967]

Favre M., Majewski S., De Jesus N., Malejczyk M., Orth G., Jablonska S. A possible vertical transmission of human papillomavirus genotypes associated with epidermodysplasia verruciformis. J. invest. Dermatol. 1998b;111:333–336. [PubMed: 9699739]

Favre M., Majewski S., Noszczyk B., Maienfisch F., Pura A., Orth G., Jablonska S. Antibodies to human papillomavirus type 5 are generated in epidermal repair processes. J. invest. Dermatol. 2000;114:403–407. [PubMed: 10692096]

Fehrmann F., Laimins L.A. Human papillomaviruses: Targeting differentiating epithelial cells for malignant transformation. Oncogene. 2003;22:5201–5207. [PubMed: 12910257]

Fehrmann F., Klumpp D.J., Laimins L.A. Human papillomavirus type 31 E5 protein supports cell cycle progression and activates late viral functions upon epithelial differentiation. J. Virol. 2003;77:2819–2831. [PMC free article: PMC149771] [PubMed: 12584305]

Feltkamp M.C., Smits H.L., Vierboom M.P.M., Minnaar R.P., de Jongh B.M., Drijfhout J.W., ter Schegget J., Melief C.J.M., Kast W.M. Vaccination with cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope-containing peptide protects against a tumor induced by human papillomavirus type 16-transformed cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 1993;23:2242–2249. [PubMed: 7690326]

Feltkamp M.C.W., Broer R., di Summa F.M., Struijk L., van der Meijden E., Verlaan B.P.J., Westendorp R.G.J., ter Schegget J., Spaan W.J.M., Bouwes Bavinck J.N. Seroreactivity to epidermodysplasia verruciformis-related human papillomavirus types is associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer. Cancer Res. 2003;63:2695–2700. [PubMed: 12750299]

Ferber M.J., Thorland E.C., Brink A.A.T.P., Rapp A.K., Phillips L.A., McGovern R., Gostout B.S., Cheung T.H., Chung T.K.H., Fu W.Y., Smith D.I. Preferential integration of human papillomavirus type 18 near the c-myc locus in cervical carcinoma. Oncogene. 2003a;22:7233–7242. [PubMed: 14562053]

Ferber M.J., Montoya D.P., Yu C., Aderca I., McGee A., Thorland E.C., Nagomey D.M., Gostout B.S., Burgart L.J., Boix L., Bruix J., McMahon B.J., Cheung T.H., Chung T.K.H., Wong Y.F., Smith D.I., Roberts L.R. Integrations of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) into the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene in liver and cervical cancers. Oncogene. 2003b;22:3813–3820. [PubMed: 12802289]

Ferenczy A. Laser treatment of genital human papillomavirus infections in the male patient. Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. North Am. 1991;18:525–535. [PubMed: 1659682]

Ferenczy A., Bergeron C., Richart R.M. Carbon dioxide laser energy disperses human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid onto treatment fields. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1990;163:1271–1274. [PubMed: 2171340]

Ferrara A., Nonn M., Sehr P., Schreckenberger C., Pawlita M., Dürst M., Schneider A., Kaufmann A.M. Dendritic cell-based tumor vaccine for cervical cancer II: Results of a clinical pilot study in 15 individual patients. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 2003;129:521–530. [PubMed: 12898233]

Ferreccio C., Bratti M.C., Sherman M.E., Herrero R., Wacholder S., Hildesheim A., Burk R.D., Hutchinson M., Alfaro M., Greenberg M.D., Morales J., Rodriguez A.C., Schussler J., Eklund C., Marshall G., Schiffman M. A comparison of single and combined visual, cytologic, and virologic tests as screening strategies in a region at high risk of cervical cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2003;12:815–823. [PubMed: 14504189]

Ferreccio C., Prado R.B., Luzoro A.V., Ampuero S.L., Snijders P.J.F., Meijer C.J.L.M., Vaccarella S.V., Jara A.T., Puschel K.I., Robles S.C., Herrero R., Franceschi S.F., Ojeda J.M. Population-based prevalence and age distribution of human papillomavirus among women in Santiago, Chile. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004;13:2271–2276. [PubMed: 15598792]

Ferrera A., Baay M.F.D., Herbrink P., Figueroa M., Velema J.P., Melchers W.J.J. A sero-epidemiological study of the relationship between sexually transmitted agents and cervical cancer in Honduras. Int. J. Cancer. 1997a;73:781–785. [PubMed: 9399651]

Ferrera A., Melchers W.J.G., Velema J.P., Figueroa M. Association of infections with human immunodeficiency virus and human papillomavirus in Honduras. Am. J. trop. Med. Hyg. 1997b;57:138–141. [PubMed: 9288804]

Ferrera A., Velema J.P., Figueroa M., Bulnes R., Toro L.A., Claros J.M., De Barahona O., Melchers W.J.G. Human papillomavirus infection, cervical dysplasia and invasive cervical cancer in Honduras: A case–control study. Int. J. Cancer. 1999;82:799–803. [PubMed: 10446444]

Ferreux E., Lont A.P., Horenblas S., Gallee M.P.W., Raaphorst F.M., von Knebel Doeberitz M., Meijer C.J.L.M., Snijders P.J.F. Evidence for at least three alternative mechanisms targeting the p16^INK4A/cyclin D/Rb pathway in penile carcinoma, one of which is mediated by high-risk human papillomavirus. J. Pathol. 2003;201:109–118. [PubMed: 12950023]

Ferson M., Edwards A., Lind A., Milton G.W., Hersey P. Low natural killer-cell activity and immunoglobulin levels associated with smoking in human subjects. Int. J. Cancer. 1979;23:603–609. [PubMed: 457307]

Fettig A., Pogrel M.A., Silverman S. Jr, Bramanti T.E., Da Costa M., Regezi J.A. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia of the gingiva. Oral Surg. oral Med. oral Pathol. oral Radiol. Endod. 2000;90:723–730. [PubMed: 11113818]

Fiedler M., Müller-Holzner E., Viertler H.-P., Widschwendter A., Laich A., Pfister G., Spoden G.A., Jansen-Durr P., Zwerschke W. High level HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein expression correlates with reduced pRb-levels in cervical biopsies. FASEB J. 2004;18:1120–1122. [PubMed: 15155561]

Finan R.R., Tamim H., Almawi W.Y. Identification of Chlamydia trachomatis DNA in human papillomavirus (HPV) positive women with normal and abnormal cytology. Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 2002;266:168–171. [PubMed: 12197559]

Fine B.A., Piver M.S., McAuley M., Driscoll D. The curative potential of radiation therapy in the treatment of primary vaginal carcinoma. Am. J. clin. Oncol. 1996;19:39–44. [PubMed: 8554034]

Fioriti D., Pietropaolo V., Dal Forno S., Laurenti C., Chiarini F., Degener A.M. Urothelial bladder carcinoma and viral infections: Different association with human polyomaviruses and papillomaviruses. Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol. 2003;16:283–288. [PubMed: 14611733]

Firzlaff J.M., Kiviat N.B., Beckmann A.M., Jenison S.A., Galloway D.A. Detection of human papillomavirus capsid antigens in various squamous epithelial lesions using antibodies directed against the L1 and L2 open reading frames. Virology. 1988;164:467–477. [PubMed: 2835863]

Fisher S.G., Benitez-Bribiesca L., Nindl I., Stockfleth E., Muller M., Wolf H., Perez-Garcia F., Guzman-Gaona J., Gutierrez-Delgado F., Irvin W., Gissmann L. The association of human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 antibodies with stage of cervical cancer. Gynecol. Oncol. 1996;61:73–78. [PubMed: 8626121]

Flaitz C.M., Hicks M.J. Molecular piracy: The viral link to carcinogenesis. Oral Oncol. 1998;34:448–453. [PubMed: 9930354]

Flieder D.B., Koss M.N., Nicholson A., Sesterhenn I.A., Petras R.E., Travis W.D. Solitary pulmonary papillomas in adults: A clinicopathologic and in situ hybridization study of 14 cases combined with 27 cases in the literature. Am. J. surg. Pathol. 1998;22:1328–1342. [PubMed: 9808125]

Flores E.R., Lambert P.F. Evidence for a switch in the mode of human papillomavirus type 16 DNA replication during the viral life cycle. J. Virol. 1997;71:7167–7179. [PMC free article: PMC192056] [PubMed: 9311789]

Flores E.R., Allen-Hoffmann B.L., Lee D., Sattler C.A., Lambert P.F. Establishment of the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) life cycle in an immortalized human foreskin keratinocyte cell line. Virology. 1999;262:344–354. [PubMed: 10502513]

Flores E.R., Allen-Hoffmann B.L., Lee D., Lambert P.F. The human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncogene is required for the productive stage of the viral life cycle. J. Virol. 2000;74:6622–6631. [PMC free article: PMC112172] [PubMed: 10864676]

Florin L., Schäfer F., Sotlar K., Streeck R.E., Sapp M. Reorganization of nuclear domain 10 induced by papillomavirus capsid protein L2. Virology. 2002a;295:97–107. [PubMed: 12033769]

Florin L., Sapp C., Streeck R.E., Sapp M. Assembly and translocation of papillomavirus capsid proteins. J. Virol. 2002b;76:10009–10014. [PMC free article: PMC136525] [PubMed: 12208977]

Follen M., Atkinson E.N., Schottenfeld D., Maplica A., West L., Lippman S., Zou C., Hittelman W.N., Lotan R., Hong W.K. A randomized clinical trail of 4-hydroxyphenylretinamide for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. Clin. Cancer Res. 2001;7:3356–3365. [PubMed: 11705848]

Ford J.N., Jennings P.A., Spradbrow P.B., Francis J. Evidence for papillomaviruses in ocular lesions in cattle. Res. vet. Sci. 1982;32:257–259. [PubMed: 6281870]

Ford K., Reed B.D., Wirawan D.N., Muliawan P., Sutarga M., Gregoire L. The Bali STD/AIDS study: Human papillomavirus infection among female sex workers. Int. J. STD AIDS. 2003;14:681–687. [PubMed: 14596772]

Forslund O., Antonsson A., Nordin P., Stenquist B., Hansson B.G. A broad range of human papillomavirus types detected with a general PCR method suitable for analysis of cutaneous tumours and normal skin. J. gen. Virol. 1999;80:2437–2443. [PubMed: 10501499]

Forslund O., Nordin P., Hansson B.G. Mucosal human papillomavirus types in squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix and subsequently on fingers. Br. J. Dermatol. 2000;142:1148–1153. [PubMed: 10848738]

Forslund O., Antonsson A., Edlund K., van den Brule A.J.C., Hansson B.-G., Meijer C.J.L.M., Ryd W., Rylander E., Strand A., Wadell G., Dillner J., Johansson B. Population-based type-specific prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in middle-aged Swedish women. J. med Virol. 2002;66:535–541. [PubMed: 11857534]

Forslund O., DeAngelis P.M., Beigi M., Schjølberg A.R., Clausen O.P.F. Identification of human papillomavirus in keratoacanthomas. J. cutan. Pathol. 2003a;30:423–429. [PubMed: 12859739]

Forslund O., Antonsson A., Higgins G., Ly H., Delius H., Hunziker A., de Villiers E.M. Nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic classification of candidate human papilloma virus type 92. Virology. 2003b;312:255–260. [PubMed: 12919731]

Forslund O., Ly H., Reid C., Higgins G. A broad spectrum of human papillomavirus types is present in the skin of Australian patients with non-melanoma skin cancers and solar keratosis. Br. J. Dermatol. 2003c;149:64–73. [PubMed: 12890196]

Forslund O., Lindelöf B., Hradil E., Nordin P., Stenquist B., Kirnbauer R., Slupetzky K., Dillner J. High prevalence of cutaneous human papillomavirus DNA on the top of skin tumors but not in ‘stripped’ biopsies from the same tumors. J. invest. Dermatol. 2004;123:388–394. [PMC free article: PMC3822504] [PubMed: 15245440]

Fouret P., Martin F., Flahault A., Lacau Saint-Guily J. Human papillomavirus infection in the malignant and premalignant head and neck epithelium. Diagn. mol. Pathol. 1995;4:122–127. [PubMed: 7551292]

Fox P.A., Tung M.-Y. Human papillomavirus. Burden of illness and treatment cost considerations. Am. J. clin. Dermatol. 2005;6:365–381. [PubMed: 16343025]

Franceschi S., Clifford G.M. Re.: A study of the impact of adding HPV types to cervical cancer screening and triage tests. J. natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97:938–939. [PubMed: 15956659]

Franceschi S., Muñoz N., Bosch X.F., Snijders P.J.F., Walboomers J.M.M. Human papillomavirus and cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract: A review of epidemiological and experimental evidence. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 1996;5:567–575. [PubMed: 8827362]

Franceschi S., Castellsagué X., Dal Maso L., Smith J.S., Plummer M., Ngelangel C., Chichareon S., Eluf-Neto J., Shah K.V., Snijders P.J.F., Meijer C.J.L.M., Bosch F.X., Muñoz N. Prevalence and determinants of human papillomavirus genital infection in men. Br. J. Cancer. 2002;86:705–711. [PMC free article: PMC2375316] [PubMed: 11875730]

Franceschi S., Rajkumar T., Vaccarella S., Gajalakshmi V., Sharmila A., Snijders P.J.F., Muñoz N., Meijer C.J.L.M., Herrero R. Human papillomavirus and risk factors for cervical cancer in Chennai, India: A case–control study. Int. J. Cancer. 2003;107:127–133. [PubMed: 12925967]

Franceschi S., Rajkumar R., Snijders P.J.F., Arslan A., Mahé C., Plummer M., Sankaranarayanan R., Cherian J., Meijer C.J.L.M., Weiderpass E. Papillomavirus infection in rural women in southern India. Br. J. Cancer. 2005;92:601–606. [PMC free article: PMC2362069] [PubMed: 15668709]

Francis D.A., Schmid S.I., Howley P.M. Repression of the integrated papillomavirus E6/E7 promoter is required for growth suppression of cervical cancer cells. J. Virol. 2000;74:2679–2686. [PMC free article: PMC111757] [PubMed: 10684283]

Franco E.L. The sexually transmitted disease model for cervical cancer: Incoherent epidemiologic findings and the role of misclassification of human papillomavirus infection. Epidemiology. 1991;2:98–106. [PubMed: 1657209]

Franco, E.L. (1992) Measurement errors in epidemiological studies of human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. In: Muñoz, N., Bosch, F.X., Shah, K.V. & Meheus, A., eds, The Epidemiology of Cervical Cancer and Human Papillomavirus (IARC Scientific Publications No. 119), Lyon, pp. 181–197. [PubMed: 1330909]

Franco E.L., Villa L.L., Rahal P., Ruiz A. Molecular variant analysis as an epidemiological tool to study persistence of cervical human papillomavirus infection. J. natl Cancer Inst. 1994;86:1558–1559. [PubMed: 7932815]

Franco E.L., Villa L.L., Ruiz A., Costa M.C. Transmission of cervical human papillomavirus infection by sexual activity: Differences between low and high oncogenic risk types. J. infect Dis. 1995;172:756–763. [PubMed: 7658069]