protein kinase B

ad libitum

acute myeloid leukaemia

adenosine monophosphate

AMP-activated protein kinase

azoxymethane

adenosine triphosphate

bioelectrical impedance analysis

body mass index

N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine

cyclin-dependent kinase

complementary DNA

chronic dietary restriction

confidence interval

CpG island methylator phenotype

chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

chronic myeloid leukaemia

cyclooxygenase-2

calorie restriction

colorectal cancer

C-reactive protein

computed tomography

diethylnitrosamine

dehydroepiandrosterone

diet-induced obesity

diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene

dietary restriction

dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

endocrine-disrupting chemical

8-epi-prostaglandin F2α

European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

estrogen receptor

Fischer 344

Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits

genetic risk score

gold thioglucose

hepatitis B virus

hepatocellular carcinoma

hepatitis C virus

human epidermal growth factor receptor 2

high-fat diet

human papillomavirus

hazard ratio

hormone replacement therapy

International Agency for Research on Cancer

International Classification of Diseases

intermittent dietary restriction

insulin-like growth factor 1

IGF-1 receptor

IGF binding protein

interleukin

intentional weight loss

low-fat diet

mitogen-activated protein kinase

metabolic equivalents

mouse mammary tumour virus

N-methyl-N-nitrosourea

magnetic resonance imaging

microsatellite instability

microsatellite-stable

mammalian target of rapamycin

non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

non-alcoholic fatty pancreatic disease

non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

noncommunicable diseases

nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study

not otherwise specified

25-hydroxyvitamin D

odds ratio

8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine

plasminogen activator inhibitor-1

pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia

polymerase chain reaction

pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

phosphoinositide 3-kinase

prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor

progesterone receptor

prostate-specific antigen

renal cell carcinoma

randomized controlled trial

reactive oxygen species

relative risk

salicylazosulfapyridine

standard deviation

Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results

soluble guanylyl cyclase

sex hormone-binding globulin

scopolamine hydrobromide trihydrate

small lymphocytic lymphoma

single nucleotide polymorphism

signal transducer and activator of transcription

total dietary restriction

transforming growth factor

tumour necrosis factor alpha

12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate

transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate

vascular endothelial growth factor

maximal oxygen uptake

waist circumference

World Cancer Research Fund

World Health Organization

waist-to-hip ratio