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O'Connor EA, Whitlock EP, Gaynes B, et al. Screening for Depression in Adults and Older Adults in Primary Care: An Updated Systematic Review [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2009 Dec. (Evidence Syntheses, No. 75.)
Screening for Depression in Adults and Older Adults in Primary Care: An Updated Systematic Review [Internet].
Show detailsHierarchy of Research Design
- I.
Properly conducted randomized controlled trial (RCT)
- II-1.
Well-designed controlled trial without randomization
- II-2.
Well-designed cohort or case-control analytic study
- II-3.
Multiple time series with or without the intervention; dramatic results from uncontrolled experiments
- III.
Opinions of respected authorities, based on clinical experience; descriptive studies or case reports; reports of expert committees
Design-Specific Criteria
Systematic Reviews
Criteria:
- Comprehensiveness of sources considered/search strategy used
- Standard appraisal of included studies
- Validity of conclusions
- Recency and relevance are especially important for systematic reviews
Case-Control Studies
Criteria:
- Accurate ascertainment of cases
- Nonbiased selection of cases/controls with exclusion criteria applied equally to both
- Response rate
- Diagnostic testing procedures applied equally to each group
- Measurement of exposure accurate and applied equally to each group
- Appropriate attention to potential confounding variables
Randomized Controlled Trials and Cohort Studies
Criteria:
- Initial assembly of comparable groups
- -for RCTs: adequate randomization, including first concealment and whether potential confounders were distributed equally among groups.
- -for cohort studies: consideration of potential confounders with either restriction or measurement for adjustment in the analysis; consideration of inception cohorts
- Maintenance of comparable groups (includes attrition, crossovers, adherence, contamination)
- Important differential loss to follow-up or overall high loss to follow-up
- Measurements: equal, reliable, and valid (includes masking of outcome assessment)
- Clear definition of the interventions
- All important outcomes considered
Diagnostic Accuracy Studies
Criteria:
- Screening test relevant, available for primary care, adequately described
- Study uses a credible reference standard, performed regardless of test results
- Reference standard interpreted independently of screening test
- Handles indeterminate result in a reasonable manner
- Spectrum of patients included in study
- Sample size
- Administration of reliable screening test
Appendix B Table 1Specific Quality Rating Criteria
| Randomized Controlled Trials | Systematic Reviews |
|---|---|
| Random assignment | Is there a clear review question? |
| Allocation concealment | Was the literature search strategy stated |
| Groups similar at baseline | Were there explicit inclusion/exclusion criteria reported relating to selection of the primary studies |
| Eligibility criteria specified | Selection Bias |
| Clear definition of Intervention | Is there evidence of a substantial effort to search for all relevant research |
| Training of treatment providers reported | Is the validity of included studies adequately assessed |
| Supervision of treatment providers reported | Is sufficient detail of the individual studies presented |
| Patient and provider treatment allegiance or preference reported | Are any important studies missing |
| Blinded outcomes assessors | Are the primary studies summarized appropriately |
| Attrition <40% and not differential | Were the authors’ conclusions supported by the evidence they presented |
| Adherence reported | What was the funding source and role of funder |
| Cross-over reported | |
| Likelihood of contamination | |
| Appropriate statistical analysis |
- USPSTF Hierarchy of research design and quality rating criteria - Screening for ...USPSTF Hierarchy of research design and quality rating criteria - Screening for Depression in Adults and Older Adults in Primary Care
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- Cynoscion arenarius isolate 45903 D-loop, partial sequence; mitochondrialCynoscion arenarius isolate 45903 D-loop, partial sequence; mitochondrialgi|2462736813|gb|OP037730.1|Nucleotide
- queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase [Anopheles darlingi]queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase [Anopheles darlingi]gi|568249696|gb|ETN59481.1||gnl|WGS |AND_008929Protein
- RecName: Full=Queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase accessory subunit 2; AltName: Full...RecName: Full=Queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase accessory subunit 2; AltName: Full=Queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase domain-containing protein 1gi|259551375|sp|B0WAN0.1|QTRT2_CULQProtein
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