Exclusion codes key

List of studies

1. Vaginal delivery after cesarean section. Am Fam Physician, 1985. 32(3): p. 90.

Exclusion code: 6

2. Cesarean births and trial of labor rates. Jama, 1987. 257(20): p. 2757–9.

Exclusion code: 6

3. A method of predicting the likelihood of success or failure in a trial of labor in any given set of circumstances is a laudable goal. [comment]. J Reprod Med, 1991. 36(11): p. 829–31.

Exclusion code: 4

4. Nonclinical factors and repeat C-section. [comment]. Jama, 1991. 265(18): p. 2338–9.

Exclusion code: 6

5. Improving the timeliness of emergency C-sections at Southwestern Vermont Medical Center leads to improved patient care and increased physician satisfaction. Qual Lett Healthc Lead, 1993. 5(1): p. 6–8.

Exclusion code: 6

6. Repeat cesarean section vs. VBACs: helping women decide. AWHONN Voice, 1994. 2(8): p. 1.

Exclusion code: 6

7. Trial of labor vs. elective repeat cesarean section. AAFP Task Force on Clinical Policies for Patient Care. Am Fam Physician, 1995. 52(6): p. 1763–5.

Exclusion code: 4

8. Vaginal delivery after a previous cesarean birth. ACOG Committee opinion. Number 143-October 1994 (replaces No. 64, October 1988). Committee on Obstetric Practice. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1995. 48(1): p. 127–9.

Exclusion code: 4

9. ACOG releases practice guidelines on vaginal delivery after previous cesarean birth. Am Fam Physician, 1996. 53(2): p. 775–6.

Exclusion code: 6

10. Vaginal delivery after previous cesarean birth. Number 1--August 1995. Committee on Practice Patterns. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1996. 52(1): p. 90–8.

Exclusion code: 4

11. VBAC (vaginal birth after cesareans): are cost concerns outweighing possible safety risks? Hosp Case Manag, 1996. 4(11): p. 161–4.

Exclusion code: 6

12. What is the right number of caesarean sections? Lancet, 1997. 349(9055): p. 815.

Exclusion code: 4

13. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 9-1998. Cardiovascular collapse after vaginal delivery in a patient with a history of cesarean section. N Engl J Med, 1998. 338(12): p. 821–6.

Exclusion code: 9

14. Outreach program slashes Florida health network’s rate of cesarean sections. Health Care Cost Reengineering Rep, 1998. 3(9): p. 137–8.

Exclusion code: 6

15. Stats & facts. Vaginal births after cesarean sections: a need to revisit. Manag Care Interface, 2001. 14(11): p. 34–5.

Exclusion code: 4

16. Medical discipline--not guilty. N Z Med J, 2004. 117(1188): p. 2 p following U755.

Exclusion code: 6

17. National Institutes of Health state-of-the-science conference statement: Cesarean delivery on maternal request March 27–29, 2006. Obstet Gynecol, 2006. 107(6): p. 1386–97.

Exclusion code: 4

18. NIH State of the Science Conference: cesarean delivery on maternal request. Adv Neonat Care, 2006. 6(4): p. 171–2.

Exclusion code: 4

19. Risks and benefits of caesarean delivery on maternal request. Midwifery, 2006. 22(2): p. 98–9.

Exclusion code: 6

20. Aali, B.S. and B. Motamedi, Women’s knowledge and attitude towards modes of delivery in Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J, 2005. 11(4): p. 663–72.

Exclusion code: 5

21. Abbas, F., et al., Placenta percreta with bladder invasion as a cause of life threatening hemorrhage. J Urol, 2000. 164(4): p. 1270–4.

Exclusion code: 9

22. Abboud, T.K., et al., Isoflurane or halothane for cesarean section: comparative maternal and neonatal effects. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 1989. 33(7): p. 578–81.

Exclusion code: 5

23. Abboud, T.K., et al., Isoflurane or halothane for cesarean section: comparative maternal and neonatal effects. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 1989. 33(7): p. 578–81.

Exclusion code: 5

24. Abboud, T.K., et al., Desflurane: a new volatile anesthetic for cesarean section. Maternal and neonatal effects. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 1995. 39(6): p. 723–6.

Exclusion code: 5

25. Abboud, T.K., et al., Intravenous propofol vs thiamylal-isoflurane for caesarean section, comparative maternal and neonatal effects. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 1995. 39(2): p. 205–9.

Exclusion code: 5

26. Abdelhak, Y.E., et al., Management of cervical cerclage at term: remove the suture in labor? J Perinat Med, 2000. 28(6): p. 453–7.

Exclusion code: 5

27. Abitbol, M.M., et al., The cephalopelvic disproportion index. Combined fetal sonography and x-ray pelvimetry for early detection of cephalopelvic disproportion. J Reprod Med, 1991. 36(5): p. 369–73.

Exclusion code: 4

28. Abouleish, E., et al., Combined intrathecal morphine and bupivacaine for cesarean section. Anesth Analg, 1988. 67(4): p. 370–4.

Exclusion code: 5

29. Aboulfalah, A., et al., Induction of labour with intravaginal misoprostol after prior cesarean delivery. Afr J Reprod Health, 2001. 5(2): p. 139–42.

Exclusion code: 4

30. Abu-Ghazzeh, Y.M. and R. Barqawi, An appraisal of computed tomography pelvimetry in patients with previous caesarean section. East Mediterr Health J, 2000. 6(2–3): p. 260–4.

Exclusion code: 8

31. Abu-Heija, A.T. and A.M. Ali, Induction of labor in grand multiparous women and previous cesarean section: is it safe? Gynecol Obstet Invest, 2002. 53(2): p. 121–4.

Exclusion code: 8

32. Abu-Heija, A.T., F. El-Jallad, and S. Ziadeh, Placenta previa: effect of age, gravidity, parity and previous caesarean section. Gynecol Obstet Invest, 1999. 47(1): p. 6–8.

Exclusion code: 8

33. Afriat, C.I., Vaginal birth after cesarean section: a review of the literature. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs, 1990. 3(3): p. 1–13.

Exclusion code: 10

34. Agostini, A., et al., Risk of bladder injury during vaginal hysterectomy in women with a previous cesarean section. J Reprod Med, 2005. 50(12): p. 940–2.

Exclusion code: 6

35. Al Nuaim, L.A., S. Kattan, and M.S. Mustafa, Vesicouterine fistula after a previous low vertical cesarean section (DeLee incision). Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1996. 55(2): p. 161–2.

Exclusion code: 4

36. Al Sakka, M., W. Dauleh, and S. Al Hassani, Case series of uterine rupture and subsequent pregnancy outcome. Int J Fertil Womens Med, 1999. 44(6): p. 297–300.

Exclusion code: 8

37. Al Sakka, M., A. Hamsho, and L. Khan, Rupture of the pregnant uterus--a 21-year review. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1998. 63(2): p. 105–8.

Exclusion code: 8

38. Alarab, M., et al., Singleton vaginal breech delivery at term: still a safe option. Obstet Gynecol, 2004. 103(3): p. 407–12.

Exclusion code: 5

39. Albers, L.L., Safety of VBACs in birth centers: choices and risks. Birth, 2005. 32(3): p. 229–31.

Exclusion code: 4

40. Alexander, J.M., et al., Fetal injury associated with cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol, 2006. 108(4): p. 885–90.

Exclusion code: 5

41. Alexiadis, G., et al., Abdominal wall endometriosis--ultrasound research: a diagnostic problem. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol, 2001. 28(2): p. 121–2.

Exclusion code: 4

42. Alfirevic, Z., Oral misoprostol for induction of labour. [update in Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(2):CD001338; PMID: 11405987][update of Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD001338; PMID: 10796260]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2000(4): p. CD001338.

Exclusion code: 4

43. Alfirevic, Z. and A. Weeks, Oral misoprostol for induction of labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2006.

Exclusion code: 4

44. Algert, C.S., et al., Labor before a primary cesarean delivery: reduced risk of uterine rupture in a subsequent trial of labor for vaginal birth after cesarean. Obstet Gynecol, 2008. 112(5): p. 1061–6.

Exclusion code: 6

45. Al-Kadri, H., et al., Failed individual and sequential instrumental vaginal delivery: contributing risk factors and maternal-neonatal complications. [erratum appears in Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2003 Oct;82(10):976]. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2003. 82(7): p. 642–8.

Exclusion code: 8

46. Alkatib, M., A.V.M. Franco, and M.M. Fynes, Vesicouterine fistula following Cesarean delivery--ultrasound diagnosis and surgical management. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2005. 26(2): p. 183–5.

Exclusion code: 4

47. Almeida, E.C.S., et al., Cesarean section as a cause of chronic pelvic pain. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2002. 79(2): p. 101–4.

Exclusion code: 7

48. Al-Najjar, F.S. and A.M. Al-Shafiai, Safety of vaginal breech delivery. Saudi Med J, 2004. 25(10): p. 1517–8.

Exclusion code: 5

49. Alran, S., et al., Maternal and neonatal outcome of 93 consecutive triplet pregnancies with 71% vaginal delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2004. 83(6): p. 554–9.

Exclusion code: 5

50. Altman, D., et al., Symptoms of anal and urinary incontinence following cesarean section or spontaneous vaginal delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2007. 197(5): p. 512. e1–7.

Exclusion code: 5

51. Al-Took, S., Adhesion-related small-bowel obstruction after gynecologic operations. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1999. 180(2): p. 313–5.

Exclusion code: 4

52. Amon, E., B.M. Sibai, and G.D. Anderson, How perinatologists manage the problem of the presenting breech. Am J Perinatol, 1988. 5(3): p. 247–50.

Exclusion code: 4

53. Andersen, H.F., et al., Neonatal status in relation to incision intervals, obstetric factors, and anesthesia at cesarean delivery. Am J Perinatol, 1987. 4(4): p. 279–83.

Exclusion code: 4

54. Andersen, J.R., et al., Decidual prolactin content and secretion at term. Correlations with the clinical data. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 1987. 66(7): p. 591–6.

Exclusion code: 7

55. Anderson, G. and C. Strong, The premature breech: caesarean section or trial of labour? J Med Ethics, 1988. 14(1): p. 18–24.

Exclusion code: 5

56. Andrews, W.W., et al., Effect of type of anesthesia on blood loss at elective repeat cesarean section. Am J Perinatol, 1992. 9(3): p. 197–200.

Exclusion code: 4

57. Angelini, D.J. and L. Greenwald, Closed claims analysis of 65 medical malpractice cases involving nurse-midwives. J Midwifery Womens Health, 2005. 50(6): p. 454–60.

Exclusion code: 6

58. Annibale, D.J., et al., Comparative neonatal morbidity of abdominal and vaginal deliveries after uncomplicated pregnancies. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 1995. 149(8): p. 862–7.

Exclusion code: 5

59. Anteby, S.O., A. Birkenfeld, and D. Weinstein, Post cesarean section urinary tract infections, risk factors and prophylactic antibiotic treatment. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol, 1984. 11(4): p. 161–4.

Exclusion code: 5

60. Antoine, C. and B.K. Young, Fetal lactic acidosis with epidural anesthesia. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1982. 142(1): p. 55–9.

Exclusion code: 10

61. Appleton, B., et al., Knowledge and attitudes about vaginal birth after Caesarean section in Australian hospitals. VBAC Study Group. Vaginal Birth After Caesarean. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 2000. 40(2): p. 195–9.

Exclusion code: 4

62. Ardiet, E., D. Subtil, and F. Puech, Cervical ripening with dinoprostone gel and previous cesarean delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2005. 91(3): p. 260–1.

Exclusion code: 6

63. Arias, E., et al., Annual summary of vital statistics--2002. Pediatrics, 2003. 112(6 Pt 1): p. 1215–30.

Exclusion code: 4

64. Armstrong, V., et al., Detection of cesarean scars by transvaginal ultrasound. Obstet Gynecol, 2003. 101(1): p. 61–5.

Exclusion code: 4

65. Arraztoa, J.A., et al., [Delivery conduction in patients with cicatrix of a prior cesarean section. Pilot study]. Revista chilena de obstetricia y ginecologia, 1994. 59(2): p. 95–100; discussion 100-1.

Exclusion code: 8

66. Arulkumaran, S., et al., Uterine activity during spontaneous labour after previous lower-segment caesarean section. Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 1989. 96(8): p. 933–8.

Exclusion code: 8

67. Arulkumaran, S., I. Ingemarsson, and S.S. Ratnam, Oxytocin augmentation in dysfunctional labour after previous caesarean section. Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 1989. 96(8): p. 939–41.

Exclusion code: 8

68. Ash, A., A. Smith, and D. Maxwell, Caesarean scar pregnancy. Bjog, 2007. 114(3): p. 253–63.

Exclusion code: 4

69. Ashton, P., et al., Return to theatre--experience at the Mercy Maternity Hospital, Melbourne 1971–1982. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1985. 25(3): p. 159–69.

Exclusion code: 7

70. Asole, S., et al., Effect of hospital practices on breastfeeding: A survey in the Italian region of Lazio. Journal of Human Lactation, 2009. 25(3): p. 333–340.

Exclusion code: 7

71. Atad, J., et al., Ripening and dilatation of the unfavourable cervix for induction of labour by a double balloon device: experience with 250 cases. Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 1997. 104(1): p. 29–32.

Exclusion code: 7

72. Atad, J., et al., Continuous extraovular prostaglandin F2 alpha instillation for late pregnancy termination in patients with previous cesarean section delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1986. 24(4): p. 315–9.

Exclusion code: 5

73. Atalla, R.K., et al., Reactive thrombocytosis after caesarean section and vaginal delivery: implications for maternal thromboembolism and its prevention. Bjog, 2000. 107(3): p. 411–4.

Exclusion code: 4

74. Atug, F., et al., Delivery of dead fetus from inside urinary bladder with uterine perforation: case report and review of literature. Urology, 2005. 65(4): p. 797.

Exclusion code: 9

75. Austin, S.E., Childbirth classes for couples desiring VBAC (vaginal birth after cesarean). MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs, 1986. 11(4): p. 250–5.

Exclusion code: 4

76. Avery, J.K., Loss prevention case of the month. Would guidelines have helped? Tenn Med, 2003. 96(10): p. 461–2.

Exclusion code: 9

77. Avery, J.K., The obstetrical dilemma. J Ark Med Soc, 2005. 102(6): p. 156–7.

Exclusion code: 6

78. Bader, D., et al., Breathing patterns in term infants delivered by caesarean section. Acta Paediatr, 2004. 93(9): p. 1216–20.

Exclusion code: 7

79. Bai, S.W., et al., Peripartum hysterectomy and associated factors. J Reprod Med, 2003. 48(3): p. 148–52.

Exclusion code: 7

80. Bainbridge, J., Choices after cesarean. Birth, 2002. 29(3): p. 203–6.

Exclusion code: 4

81. Bakshi, S. and B.A. Meyer, Indications for and outcomes of emergency peripartum hysterectomy. A five-year review. J Reprod Med, 2000. 45(9): p. 733–7.

Exclusion code: 7

82. Barker, G., et al., Placental water content and distribution. Placenta, 1994. 15(1): p. 47–56.

Exclusion code: 4

83. Barnsley, J.M., et al., Cesarean section in Ontario: practice patterns and responses to hypothetical cases. Can J Surg, 1990. 33(2): p. 128–32.

Exclusion code: 4

84. Barton, D.P., M.J. Turner, and J.M. Stronge, Outcome of the second labour in patients whose first labour was prolonged: the Dublin experience. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 1991. 42(1): p. 15–8.

Exclusion code: 7

85. Baskett, T.F., Emergency obstetric hysterectomy. J Obstet Gynaecol, 2003. 23(4): p. 353–5.

Exclusion code: 7

86. Baskett, T.F., Uterine compression sutures for postpartum hemorrhage: efficacy, morbidity, and subsequent pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol, 2007. 110(1): p. 68–71.

Exclusion code: 5

87. Basson, E., H.J. Odendaal, and D. Grove, Oxytocin use in South Africa--a review. Samj, S, 2004. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 94(10): p. 839–45.

Exclusion code: 4

88. Beall, M., et al., Vaginal delivery after cesarean section in women with unknown types of uterine scar. J Reprod Med, 1984. 29(1): p. 31–5.

Exclusion code: 6

89. Beckett, V.A. and L. Regan, Vaginal birth after cesarean: the European experience. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 2001. 44(3): p. 594–603.

Exclusion code: 4

90. Ben Nagi, J., et al., Reproductive outcomes of women with a previous history of Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancies. Hum Reprod, 2007. 22(7): p. 2012–5.

Exclusion code: 5

91. Ben Shachar, I. and D. Weinstein, High risk pregnancy outcome by route of delivery. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol, 1998. 10(6): p. 447–52.

Exclusion code: 4

92. Benedetti, T.J., L. Platt, and M. Druzin, Vaginal delivery after previous cesarean section for a nonrecurrent cause. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1982. 142(3): p. 358–9.

Exclusion code: 10

93. Ben-Haroush, A., et al., Indicated labor induction with vaginal prostaglandin E2 increases the risk of cesarean section even in multiparous women with no previous cesarean section. J Perinat Med, 2004. 32(1): p. 31–6.

Exclusion code: 7

94. Ben-Haroush, A., et al., Accuracy of sonographically estimated fetal weight in 840 women with different pregnancy complications prior to induction of labor. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2004. 23(2): p. 172–6.

Exclusion code: 5

95. Benterud, T., Cesarean section is associated with more frequent pneumothorax and respiratory problems in the neonate. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2009. 88(3): p. 359–61.

Exclusion code: 7

96. Berard, J., et al., Fetal macrosomia: risk factors and outcome. A study of the outcome concerning 100 cases >4500 g. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 1998. 77(1): p. 51–9.

Exclusion code: 5

97. Berg, C.J., et al., Overview of Maternal Morbidity During Hospitalization for Labor and Delivery in the United States. 1993–1997 and 2001–2005. Obstet Gynecol, 2009. 113(5): p. 1075–1081.

Exclusion code: 4

98. Bergeron, M.-E., et al., Sonography of lower uterine segment thickness and prediction of uterine rupture. Obstet Gynecol, 2009. 113(2 Pt 2): p. 520–2.

Exclusion code: 9

99. Bergholt, T., et al., Prevalence and risk factors of adenomyosis at hysterectomy. Hum Reprod, 2001. 16(11): p. 2418–21.

Exclusion code: 5

100. Bergholt, T., et al., Intraoperative surgical complication during cesarean section: an observational study of the incidence and risk factors. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2003. 82(3): p. 251–6.

Exclusion code: 4

101. Berglund, L. and O. Axelsson, Breech extraction versus cesarean section for the remaining second twin. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 1989. 68(5): p. 435–8.

Exclusion code: 5

102. Bernstein, P., Prostaglandin E2 gel for cervical ripening and labour induction: a multicentre placebo-controlled trial.[erratum appears in Can Med Assoc J 1992 Apr 15;146(8):1290]. Cmaj, 1991. 145(10): p. 1249–54.

Exclusion code: 5

103. Bhal, P.S., A. Sharma, and K. Asaad, Vaginal delivery after caesarean section: factors influencing success rates.[comment]. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1996. 36(4): p. 497–8.

Exclusion code: 6

104. Bhattacharjee, N., R.P. Ganguly, and S.P. Saha, Misoprostol for termination of mid-trimester post-Caesarean pregnancy. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 2007. 47(1): p. 23–5.

Exclusion code: 8

105. Biasucci, G., et al., Cesarean delivery may affect the early biodiversity of intestinal bacteria. J Nutr, 2008. 138(9): p. 1796S–1800S.

Exclusion code: 5

106. Binder, T., et al., Conducting labor in women with previous caesarean section in a low gestational week. A prospective case-controlled study. Gynecol Obstet Invest, 2008. 66(3): p. 197–202.

Exclusion code: 5

107. Bingham, P., V. Hird, and R.J. Lilford, Management of the mature selected breech presentation: an analysis based on the intended method of delivery. Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 1987. 94(8): p. 746–52.

Exclusion code: 5

108. Biswas, A., Management of previous cesarean section. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol, 2003. 15(2): p. 123–9.

Exclusion code: 6

109. Bjelic-Radisic, V., et al., Neonatal outcome of second twins depending on presentation and mode of delivery. Twin Res Hum Genet, 2007. 10(3): p. 521–7.

Exclusion code: 5

110. Black, C., J.A. Kaye, and H. Jick, Cesarean delivery in the United Kingdom: time trends in the general practice research database. Obstet Gynecol, 2005. 106(1): p. 151–5.

Exclusion code: 4

111. Blackwell, S.C., et al., Influence of maternal-fetal medicine subspecialization on the frequency of trial of labor in term pregnancies with breech presentation. J Matern Fetal Med, 2000. 9(4): p. 229–32.

Exclusion code: 5

112. Blanchette, H., Comparison of obstetric outcome of a primary-care access clinic staffed by certified nurse-midwives and a private practice group of obstetricians in the same community. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1995. 172(6): p. 1864–8; discussion 1868–71.

Exclusion code: 4

113. Blumenthal, N.J., et al., Changing caesarean section rates. Experience at a Sydney obstetric teaching hospital. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1984. 24(4): p. 246–51.

Exclusion code: 7

114. Bolaji, I.I. and F.P. Meehan, Caesarean section survey in Galway--1973 through 1987. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 1993. 48(1): p. 1–8.

Exclusion code: 10

115. Bolaji, I.I. and F.P. Meehan, Post caesarean section delivery. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 1993. 51(3): p. 181–92.

Exclusion code: 4

116. Bossert, R., et al., Early postpartum discharge at a university hospital. Outcome analysis. J Reprod Med, 2001. 46(1): p. 39–43.

Exclusion code: 4

117. Boucher, M., et al., Maternal morbidity as related to trial of labor after previous cesarean delivery. A quantitative analysis. J Reprod Med, 1984. 29(1): p. 12–6.

Exclusion code: 4

118. Boulet, S.B., Macrosomic births in the United States: determinants, outcomes, and proposed grades of risk. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2003. 188: p. 1372–1378.

Exclusion code: 5

119. Boulet, S.L., H.M. Salihu, and G.R. Alexander, Mode of delivery and birth outcomes of macrosomic infants. J Obstet Gynaecol, 2004. 24(6): p. 622–9.

Exclusion code: 4

120. Boulvain, M., et al., Trial of labour after caesarean section in sub-Saharan Africa: a meta-analysis. Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 1997. 104(12): p. 1385–90.

Exclusion code: 4

121. Boulvain, M., A.J. Kelly, and O. Irion, Intracervical prostaglandins for induction of labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2008.

Exclusion code: 4

122. Boulvain, M., C. Stan, and O. Irion, Elective delivery in diabetic pregnant women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2001.

Exclusion code: 4

123. Bowers, S.K., H.M. MacDonald, and E.D. Shapiro, Prevention of iatrogenic neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: elective repeat cesarean section and spontaneous labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1982. 143(2): p. 186–9.

Exclusion code: 5

124. Bradley, C.F., S.E. Ross, and J. Warnyca, A prospective study of mothers' attitudes and feelings following cesarean and vaginal births. Birth, 1983. 10(2): p. 79–83.

Exclusion code: 5

125. Brahams, D., Caesarean sections by court order. Lancet, 1996. 348(9030): p. 770.

Exclusion code: 6

126. Bricker, L. and M. Luckas, Amniotomy alone for induction of labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2000.

Exclusion code: 4

127. Brill, Y., et al., The management of VBAC at term: a survey of Canadian obstetricians. J Obstet Gynaecol Can, 2003. 25(4): p. 300–10.

Exclusion code: 4

128. Brill, Y. and R. Windrim, Vaginal birth after Caesarean section: review of antenatal predictors of success. J Obstet Gynaecol Can, 2003. 25(4): p. 275–86.

Exclusion code: 4

129. Brink, S., C-sections rise but may not be the kindest cut. US News World Rep, 2000. 129(9): p. 63.

Exclusion code: 6

130. Brody, C.Z., et al., Vaginal birth after cesarean section in Hawaii. Experience at Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children. Hawaii Med J, 1993. 52(2): p. 38–42.

Exclusion code: 7

131. Brown, C.E., et al., Puerperal septic pelvic thrombophlebitis: incidence and response to heparin therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1999. 181(1): p. 143–8.

Exclusion code: 4

132. Brubaker, L., Outcomes of trial of labor after previous cesarean delivery.[comment]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2002. 186(5): p. 1104–5.

Exclusion code: 6

133. Bucklin, B.A., Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Anesthesiology, 2003. 99(6): p. 1444–8.

Exclusion code: 6

134. Buechner, J.S., Rate of vaginal births among women with previous cesarean deliveries. Med Health R I, 1997. 80(2): p. 63–4.

Exclusion code: 4

135. Buist, R., J. Brown, and T. McNamara, For whom is the Caesarean section rate high? N Z Med J, 1999. 112(1101): p. 469–71.

Exclusion code: 6

136. Bujold, E., Uterine rupture and labour after a previous low transverse caesarean section.[comment]. Bjog, 2006. 113(11): p. 1337; author reply 1337–8.

Exclusion code: 6

137. Bujold, E., A. Hammoud, and I. Hendler, Safety and efficacy of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery attempts at or beyond 40 weeks of gestation.[comment]. Obstet Gynecol, 2006. 107(1): p. 205; author reply 205.

Exclusion code: 6

138. Burda, D., Motives suspect in caesarean repeats--study. Mod Healthc, 1991. 21(1): p. 14.

Exclusion code: 6

139. Burt, R.D., T.L. Vaughan, and J.R. Daling, Evaluating the risks of cesarean section: low Apgar score in repeat C-section and vaginal deliveries. Am J Public Health, 1988. 78(10): p. 1312–4.

Exclusion code: 7

140. Cahill, A., et al., Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) attempt in twin pregnancies: is it safe? Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2005. 193(3 Pt 2): p. 1050–5.

Exclusion code: 5

141. Cahill, A.G. and G.A. Macones, Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery: evidence-based practice. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 2007. 50(2): p. 518–25.

Exclusion code: 6

142. Cahill, A.G., et al., Racial disparity in the success and complications of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol, 2008. 111(3): p. 654–8.

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143. Cahill, A.G., et al., Does a maximum dose of oxytocin affect risk for uterine rupture in candidates for vaginal birth after cesarean delivery? Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2007. 197(5): p. 495.e1–5.

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144. Cahill, A.G., et al., Risk factors for bladder injury in patients with a prior hysterotomy. Obstet Gynecol, 2008. 112(1): p. 116–20.

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145. Cahill, A.G., et al., Higher maximum doses of oxytocin are associated with an unacceptably high risk for uterine rupture in patients attempting vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2008. 199(1): p. 32.e1–5.

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146. Cakmak, H. and S. Kuguoglu, Comparison of the breastfeeding patterns of mothers who delivered their babies per vagina and via cesarean section: An observational study using the LATCH breastfeeding charting system. Internation Journal of Nursing Studies, 2006. 44: p. 1128–1137.

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147. Carayol, M., et al., Changes in the rates of caesarean delivery before labour for breech presentation at term in France: 1972–2003. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2007. 132(1): p. 20–6.

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148. Carlomagno, G., et al., Vaginal birth after caesarean section: further contribution to counteract caesarean section epidemic. Ann Ig, 1992. 4(4): p. 199–202.

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149. Carlsson, C., G. Nybell-Lindahl, and I. Ingemarsson, Extradural block in patients who have previously undergone caesarean section. Br J Anaesth, 1980. 52(8): p. 827–30.

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150. Caron, A. and D. Neuhauser, The effect of public accountability on hospital performance: trends in rates for cesarean sections and vaginal births after cesarean section in Cleveland, Ohio. Qual Manag Health Care, 1999. 7(2): p. 1–10.

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151. Carpenter, M.W., et al., Practice environment is associated with obstetric decision making regarding abnormal labor. Obstet Gynecol, 1987. 70(4): p. 657–62.

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152. Carr, C.A., P. Burkhardt, and M. Avery, Vaginal birth after cesarean birth: a national survey of U.S. midwifery practice. J Midwifery Womens Health, 2002. 47(5): p. 347–52.

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153. Carroli, G., et al., Epidemiology of postpartum haemorrhage: a systematic review. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 2008. 22(6): p. 999–1012.

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154. Catanzarite, V.A., et al., Maternal death due to rupture of a low transverse cesarean section incision during labor at home. West J Med, 1992. 157(4): p. 454–5.

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155. Cesario, S.K., Reevaluation of Friedman's Labor Curve: a pilot study. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs, 2004. 33(6): p. 713–22.

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156. Chadha, Y.C., et al., Breech delivery and epidural analgesia. Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 1992. 99(2): p. 96–100.

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157. Chaim, W., et al., Prevalence and clinical significance of postpartum endometritis and wound infection. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol, 2000. 8(2): p. 77–82.

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158. Chang, C., Trial of labor with prior vertical cesarean incision. J Fam Pract, 1997. 45(5): p. 380–1.

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159. Chang, C.-Y., et al., Preservation of uterine integrity via transarterial embolization under postoperative massive vaginal bleeding due to cesarean scar pregnancy. Taiwan, 2006. 45(2): p. 183–7.

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160. Chanrachakul, B., S. Hamontri, and Y. Herabutya, A randomized comparison of postcesarean pain between closure and nonclosure of peritoneum. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2002. 101(1): p. 31–5.

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161. Chattopadhyay, K., et al., Vaginal birth after cesarean section: management debate. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1988. 26(2): p. 189–96.

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162. Chattopadhyay, S.K., H. Kharif, and M.M. Sherbeeni, Placenta praevia and accreta after previous caesarean section. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 1993. 52(3): p. 151–6.

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163. Chattopadhyay, S.K., M.M. Sherbeeni, and C.C. Anokute, Planned vaginal delivery after two previous caesarean sections. Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 1994. 101(6): p. 498–500.

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164. Chauhan, S.P., et al., Application of learning theory to obstetric maloccurrence. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2003. 13(3): p. 203–7.

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165. Chauhan, S.P., et al., Maternal and perinatal complications with uterine rupture in 142,075 patients who attempted vaginal birth after cesarean delivery: A review of the literature. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2003. 189(2): p. 408–17.

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166. Chauhan, S.P., et al., Neonatal acidemia with trial of labor among parturients with prior cesarean delivery: a case-control study. J Matern Fetal Med, 2000. 9(5): p. 278–81.

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167. Chazotte, C. and W.R. Cohen, Catastrophic complications of previous cesarean section. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1990. 163(3): p. 738–42.

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168. Chelmow, D. and R.K. Laros, Jr., Maternal and neonatal outcomes after oxytocin augmentation in patients undergoing a trial of labor after prior cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol, 1992. 80(6): p. 966–71.

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169. Chen, H.Y., S.J. Chen, and F.J. Hsieh, Observation of cesarean section scar by transvaginal ultrasonography. Ultrasound Med Biol, 1990. 16(5): p. 443–7.

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170. Chen, K.C. and T.T. Hsieh, Rupture of gravid uterus: a eight-year clinical analysis and review of the literature. Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi, 1992. 15(1): p. 15–22.

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171. Chen, L.H., K.H. Tan, and G.S. Yeo, A ten-year review of uterine rupture in modern obstetric practice. Ann Acad Med Singapore, 1995. 24(6): p. 830–5.

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172. Cheng, M. and M. Hannah, Breech delivery at term: a critical review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol, 1993. 82(4 Pt 1): p. 605–18.

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173. Chestnut, D.H., Does epidural analgesia during labor affect the incidence of cesarean delivery? Reg Anesth, 1997. 22(6): p. 495–9.

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174. Cheung, V.Y.T., Sonographic measurement of the lower uterine segment thickness: is it truly predictive of uterine rupture? J Obstet Gynaecol Can, 2008. 30(2): p. 148–51.

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175. Chez, R.A., Cervical ripening and labor induction after previous cesarean delivery. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 1995. 38(2): p. 287–92.

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176. Chigbu, C.O., J.O. Enwereji, and A.C. Ikeme, Women's experiences following failed vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2007. 99(2): p. 113–6.

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177. Cho, M.K., Y.H. Kim, and T.B. Song, Predictive factors for vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2004. 86(3): p. 392–3.

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178. Christian, S.S., et al., Vaginal breech delivery: a five-year prospective evaluation of a protocol using computed tomographic pelvimetry. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1990. 163(3): p. 848–55.

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179. Chua, S. and S. Arulkumaran, Trial of scar. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1997. 37(1): p. 6–11.

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180. Chuang, J.H. and R.A. Jenders, Trial of labor versus elective repeat cesarean section for the women with a previous cesarean section: a decision analysis. Proceedings/AMIA, 1999. Annual Symposium.: p. 226–30.

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181. Chung, A., et al., Cost-effectiveness of a trial of labor after previous cesarean. Obstet Gynecol, 2001. 97(6): p. 932–41.

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182. Cicinelli, E., et al., Predictive factors for pain experienced at office fluid minihysteroscopy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol, 2007. 14(4): p. 485–8.

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183. Clark, S.L., Rupture of the scarred uterus. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am, 1988. 15(4): p. 737–44.

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184. Clark, S.L., et al., Reducing obstetric litigation through alterations in practice patterns. Obstet Gynecol, 2008. 112(6): p. 1279–83.

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185. Clark, S.L., P.P. Koonings, and J.P. Phelan, Placenta previa/accreta and prior cesarean section. Obstet Gynecol, 1985. 66(1): p. 89–92.

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186. Clark, S.L., et al., Is vaginal birth after cesarean less expensive than repeat cesarean delivery? Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2000. 182(3): p. 599–602.

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187. Clark, S.L., et al., Emergency hysterectomy for obstetric hemorrhage. Obstet Gynecol, 1984. 64(3): p. 376–80.

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188. Clarke, S.C. and S.M. Taffel, Rates of cesarean and VBAC delivery, United States, 1994. Birth, 1996. 23(3): p. 166–8.

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189. Clarke, S.C. and S.M. Taffel, State variation in rates of cesarean and VBAC delivery: 1989 and 1993. Stat Bull Metrop Insur Co, 1996. 77(1): p. 28–36.

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190. Clarkson, C., D.C. Derrick, and M. Newburn, Vaginal birth after caesarean (part 3). Pract Midwife, 2006. 9(11): p. 34–7.

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191. Clarkson, C. and M. Newburn, Vaginal birth after caesarean (part 1). Pract Midwife, 2006. 9(9): p. 22–5.

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192. Clarkson, C. and M. Newburn, Vaginal birth after caesarean (part 2). Pract Midwife, 2006. 9(10): p. 26–7.

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193. Clock, C., et al., Cesarean risk after successful external cephalic version: a matched, retrospective analysis. J Perinatol, 2009. 29(2): p. 96–100.

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194. Cohain, J.S., Vaginal births after C-section are not necessarily riskier in a birth center than in the hospital. Midwifery Today Int Midwife, 2006(77): p. 16–7.

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195. Cohain, J.S., VBAC rupture & birth weight. Midwifery Today Int Midwife, 2007(83): p. 50.

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196. Cohain, J.S. and S. Bewley, Vaginal birth after caesarean section versus elective repeat caesarean section: assess neonatal downstream outcomes too.[comment]. Bjog, 2006. 113(7): p. 852–3; author reply 853–4.

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197. Coleman, V.H., et al., Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery: practice patterns of obstetrician-gynecologists. J Reprod Med, 2005. 50(4): p. 261–6.

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198. Coleman, V.H., H. Lawrence, and J. Schulkin, Rising cesarean delivery rates: the impact of cesarean delivery on maternal request. Obstet Gynecol Surv, 2009. 64(2): p. 115–9. Exclusion code: 6

199. Collins, C., Story of a VBAC rupture. Midwifery Today Int Midwife, 2007(82): p. 35.

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200. Combs, C.A., E.L. Murphy, and R.K. Laros, Jr., Factors associated with hemorrhage in cesarean deliveries. Obstet Gynecol, 1991. 77(1): p. 77–82.

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201. Committee on Obstetric, P., Induction of labor for vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2002. 77(3): p. 303–4.

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202. Conde-Agudelo, A., A. Rosas-Bermudez, and A.C. Kafury-Goeta, Effects of birth spacing on maternal health: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2007. 196(4): p. 297–308.

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203. Coniglio, C. and J.E. Dickinson, Pregnancy following prior Caesarean scar pregnancy rupture: Lessons for modern obstetric practice. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 2004. 44(2): p. 162–5.

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204. Coonrod, D.V., R.C. Bay, and G.Y. Kishi, The epidemiology of labor induction: Arizona, 1997. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2000. 182(6): p. 1355–62.

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205. Coulter, C.H. and R. Lehrfeld, When push comes to shove: implementing VBAC practice guidelines. Physician Exec, 1995. 21(6): p. 30–5.

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206. Crane, J.M., et al., Maternal complications with placenta previa. Am J Perinatol, 2000. 17(2): p. 101–5.

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207. Crane, S.S., et al., Association between pre-pregnancy obesity and the risk of cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol, 1997. 89(2): p. 213–6.

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208. Crawford, P. and L. Kaufmann, How safe is vaginal birth after cesarean section for the mother and fetus? J Fam Pract, 2006. 55(2): p. 149–51; discussion 149.

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209. Cunha, M., et al., Induction of labor by vaginal misoprostol in patients with previous cesarean delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 1999. 78(7): p. 653–4.

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210. Curtin, S.C., L.J. Kozak, and K.D. Gregory, U.S. cesarean and VBAC rates stalled in the mid-1990s. Birth, 2000. 27(1): p. 54–7.

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211. Daltveit, A.K., et al., Cesarean delivery and subsequent pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol, 2008. 111(6): p. 1327–34.

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212. Dandolu, V., et al., Resident education regarding technical aspects of cesarean section. J Reprod Med, 2006. 51(1): p. 49–54.

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213. Danforth, D.N., Cesarean section. Jama, 1985. 253(6): p. 811–8.

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214. Daponte, A., et al., The use of vaginal misoprostol for second-trimester pregnancy termination in women with previous single cesarean section. Contraception, 2006. 74(4): p. 324–7.

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215. Daponte, A., et al., Pregnancy termination using vaginal misoprostol in women with more than one caesarean section. J Obstet Gynaecol, 2007. 27(6): p. 597–600.

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216. Dashow, E.E., J.A. Read, and F.H. Coleman, Randomized comparison of five irrigation solutions at cesarean section. Obstet Gynecol, 1986. 68(4): p. 473–8.

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217. Daskalakis, G.J., et al., Misoprostol for second trimester pregnancy termination in women with prior caesarean section. Bjog, 2005. 112(1): p. 97–9.

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218. Dauphinee, J.D., VBAC: safety for the patient and the nurse.[erratum appears in J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2004 Nov-Dec;33(6):833]. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs, 2004. 33(1): p. 105–15.

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219. Davey, M.R., J. Moodley, and G.J. Hofmeyr, Labour after caesarean section--the problem of scar dehiscence. South African Medical Journal Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde, 1987. 71(12): p. 766–8.

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220. David, M., et al., Prior cesarean section--an acceptable risk for vaginal delivery at free-standing midwife-led birth centers? Results of the analysis of vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC) in German birth centers. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2009. 142(2): p. 106–10.

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221. David-Montefiore, E., et al., Surgical routes and complications of hysterectomy for benign disorders: a prospective observational study in French university hospitals. Hum Reprod, 2007. 22(1): p. 260–5.

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222. Davies, G.A., P.M. Hahn, and M.M. McGrath, Vaginal birth after cesarean. Physicians' perceptions and practice. J Reprod Med, 1996. 41(7): p. 515–20.

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223. Daviss, B.A., Vaginal delivery after caesarean section. Study's focus on induction v spontaneous labour neglects spontaneous deliver. Bmj, 2001. 323(7324): p. 1307.

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224. de Costa, C., Vaginal birth after classical Caesarean section. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 2005. 45(3): p. 182–6.

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225. de Jong, P., Trial of labor following cesarean section--a study of 212 patients. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1987. 25(5): p. 405–11.

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226. de Muylder, X. and M. Thiery, The cesarean delivery rate can be safely reduced in a developing country. Obstet Gynecol, 1990. 75(3 Pt 1): p. 360–4.

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227. de Regt, R.H., et al., Relation of private or clinic care to the cesarean birth rate. N Engl J Med, 1986. 315(10): p. 619–24.

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228. Declercq, E., M. Barger, and J.P. O'Grady, Uterine rupture among women with a prior cesarean delivery. N Engl J Med, 2002. 346(2): p. 134–7.

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229. DeJoy, S., J.P. O'Grady, and R.T. Burkman, The risks of lowering the cesarean-delivery rate.[comment]. N Engl J Med, 1999. 341(1): p. 53–4; author reply 54–5.

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230. Delaney, T. and D.C. Young, Trial of labour compared to elective Caesarean in twin gestations with a previous Caesarean delivery. J Obstet Gynaecol Can, 2003. 25(4): p. 289–92.

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231. Delpapa, E.H. and E. Mueller-Heubach, Pregnancy outcome following ultrasound diagnosis of macrosomia. Obstet Gynecol, 1991. 78(3 Pt 1): p. 340–3.

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232. Demianczuk, N.N., D.J. Hunter, and D.W. Taylor, Trial of labor after previous cesarean section: prognostic indicators of outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1982. 142(6 Pt 1): p. 640–2.

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233. Deneux-Tharaux, C., et al., Postpartum maternal mortality and cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol, 2006. 108(3 Pt 1): p. 541–8.

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234. Deutchman, M. and R.G. Roberts, VBAC: protecting patients, defending doctors. Am Fam Physician, 2003. 67(5): p. 931–2.

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235. Diani, F., Fetal macrosomia and management of delivery. Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology, 1997. 24: p. 212–214.

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236. Diaz, S.D., et al., Uterine rupture and dehiscence: ten-year review and case-control study. South Med J, 2002. 95(4): p. 431–5.

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237. Dildy, G.A., et al., Very advanced maternal age: pregnancy after age 45. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1996. 175(3 Pt 1): p. 668–74.

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238. Dilks, F.M. and J.A. Beal, Role of self-efficacy in birth choice. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs, 1997. 11(1): p. 1–9.

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239. DiMaio, H., et al., Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery: an historic cohort cost analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2002. 186(5): p. 890–2.

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240. Dodd, J. and C. Crowther, Induction of labour for women with a previous Caesarean birth: a systematic review of the literature. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 2004. 44(5): p. 392–5.

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241. Dodd, J. and C. Crowther, Vaginal birth after Caesarean versus elective repeat Caesarean for women with a single prior Caesarean birth: a systematic review of the literature. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 2004. 44(5): p. 387–91.

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242. Dodd, J. and C.A. Crowther, Vaginal birth after Caesarean section: a survey of practice in Australia and New Zealand. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 2003. 43(3): p. 226–31.

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243. Dodd, J., E. Pearce, and C. Crowther, Women's experiences and preferences following Caesarean birth. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 2004. 44(6): p. 521–4.

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244. Dodd, J.M., E.R. Anderson, and S. Gates, Surgical techniques for uterine incision and uterine closure at the time of caesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2008.

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245. Dodd, J.M. and C.A. Crowther, Elective repeat caesarean section versus induction of labour for women with a previous caesarean birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2006(4): p. CD004906.

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246. Dodd, J.M., et al., Birth after caesarean study--planned vaginal birth or planned elective repeat caesarean for women at term with a single previous caesarean birth: protocol for a patient preference study and randomised trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2007. 7: p. 17.

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247. Doherty, D.A., et al., Factors affecting caesarean operative time and the effect of operative time on pregnancy outcomes. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 2008. 48(3): p. 286–91.

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248. Doucette, R.C., H.T. Sharp, and S.C. Alder, Challenging generally accepted contraindications to vaginal hysterectomy. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2001. 184(7): p. 1386–9; discussion 1390–1.

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249. Duffield, C., et al., Endometrial and endocervical micro echogenic foci: sonographic appearance with clinical and histologic correlation. J Ultrasound Med, 2005. 24(5): p. 583–90.

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250. Dunn, E.A. and C. O'Herlihy, Comparison of maternal satisfaction following vaginal delivery after caesarean section and caesarean section after previous vaginal delivery. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2005. 121(1): p. 56–60.

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251. Durnwald, C.P. and B.M. Mercer, Myometrial thickness according to uterine site, gestational age and prior cesarean delivery. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2008. 21(4): p. 247–50.

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252. Durnwald, C.P., et al., The Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Cesarean Registry: safety and efficacy of a trial of labor in preterm pregnancy after a prior cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2006. 195(4): p. 1119–26.

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253. Dyack, C., P.F. Hughes, and J.B. Simbakalia, Vaginal birth after cesarean section in the grand multipara with a previous lower segment scar. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1996. 55(2): p. 167–8.

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254. Dyack, C., P.F. Hughes, and J.B. Simbakalia, Vaginal delivery in the grand multipara following previous lower segment cesarian section. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 1997. 23(2): p. 219–22.

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255. Ebell, M.H., Predicting the likelihood of successful vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Am Fam Physician, 2007. 76(8): p. 1192–4.

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256. Ecker, J.L. and F.D. Frigoletto, Jr., Cesarean delivery and the risk-benefit calculus. N Engl J Med, 2007. 356(9): p. 885–8.

Exclusion code: 6

257. Eden, K.B., et al., Childbirth preferences after cesarean birth: a review of the evidence. Birth, 2004. 31(1): p. 49–60.

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258. Elferink-Stinkens, P.M., R. Brand, and O.J. Van Hemel, Trends in caesarean section rates among high-and medium-risk pregnancies in The Netherlands 1983–1992. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 1995. 59(2): p. 159–67.

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259. Eltabbakh, G.H. and J.D. Watson, Postpartum hysterectomy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1995. 50(3): p. 257–62.

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260. Emmett, C.L., et al., Decision-making about mode of delivery after previous caesarean section: development and piloting of two computer-based decision aids. Health Expect, 2007. 10(2): p. 161–72.

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261. Emmett, C.L., et al., Women's experience of decision making about mode of delivery after a previous caesarean section: the role of health professionals and information about health risks. Bjog, 2006. 113(12): p. 1438–45.

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262. Eniola, O.A., et al., Obstetric hysterectomy in a population of South East England. J Obstet Gynaecol, 2006. 26(2): p. 104–9.

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263. Escamilla, J.O., Comments on trial of labor scoring system.[comment]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1993. 169(4): p. 1076–7.

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264. Escamilla, J.O., A VBAC question.[comment]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2002. 186(4): p. 851; author reply 851.

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265. Escudero, F. and H. Contreras, A comparative trial of labor induction with misoprostol versus oxytocin. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1997. 57(2): p. 139–43.

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266. Esler, M.D. and J. Douglas, Planning for hemorrhage Steps an anesthesiologist can take to limit and treat hemorrhage in the obstetric patient. Anesthesiology Clin N Am, 2003. 21: p. 127–144.

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267. Estrade, S., et al., History of cesarean before 32 weeks' gestation and trial of labor: what is the risk of uterine rupture? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2009. 88(2): p. 149–53.

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268. Ewen, S.P., R.G. Notley, and P.M. Coats, Bladder laceration associated with uterine scar rupture during vaginal delivery. Br J Urol, 1994. 73(6): p. 712–3.

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269. Faiz, A.S. and C.V. Ananth, Etiology and risk factors for placenta previa: an overview and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2003. 13(3): p. 175–90.

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270. Fang, Y.M.V. and C.M. Zelop, Vaginal birth after cesarean: assessing maternal and perinatal risks--contemporary management. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 2006. 49(1): p. 147–53.

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271. Farmakides, G., et al., Vaginal birth after two or more previous cesarean sections. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1987. 156(3): p. 565–6.

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272. Farmer, R.M., et al., Uterine rupture during trial of labor after previous cesarean section. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1991. 165(4 Pt 1): p. 996–1001.

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273. Farnworth, A., et al., Decision support for women choosing mode of delivery after a previous caesarean section: a developmental study. Patient Educ Couns, 2008. 71(1): p. 116–24.

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274. Fedorkow, D.M., C.A. Nimrod, and P.J. Taylor, Ruptured uterus in pregnancy: a Canadian hospital's experience. Cmaj, 1987. 137(1): p. 27–9.

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275. Fenwick, J., J. Gamble, and Y. Hauck, Reframing birth: a consequence of cesarean section. J Adv Nurs, 2006. 56(2): p. 121–30; discussion 131–2.

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276. Fenwick, J., J. Gamble, and Y. Hauck, Believing in birth--choosing VBAC: the childbirth expectations of a self-selected cohort of Australian women. J Clin Nurs, 2007. 16(8): p. 1561–70.

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277. Fenwick, J., J. Gamble, and J. Mawson, Women's experiences of Caesarean section and vaginal birth after Caesarian: a Birthrites initiative. Int J Nurs Pract, 2003. 9(1): p. 10–7.

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278. Figueroa, R., D. Garry, and A.P. Mackenzie, Posterior uterine rupture in a woman with a previous Cesarean delivery. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2003. 14(2): p. 130–1.

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279. Finley, B.E. and C.E. Gibbs, Emergent cesarean delivery in patients undergoing a trial of labor with a transverse lower-segment scar. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1986. 155(5): p. 936–9.

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280. Flamm, B.L., Vaginal birth after cesarean section: controversies old and new. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 1985. 28(4): p. 735–44.

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281. Flamm, B.L., Vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC). Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 2001. 15(1): p. 81–92.

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282. Flamm, B.L., Vaginal birth after cesarean: reducing medical and legal risks. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 2001. 44(3): p. 622–9.

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283. Flamm, B.L., Vaginal birth after cesarean: what's new in the new millennium? Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol, 2002. 14(6): p. 595–9.

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284. Flamm, B.L., et al., Prostaglandin E2 for cervical ripening: a multicenter study of patients with prior cesarean delivery. Am J Perinatol, 1997. 14(3): p. 157–60.

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285. Flamm, B.L., et al., Vaginal delivery following cesarean section: use of oxytocin augmentation and epidural anesthesia with internal tocodynamic and internal fetal monitoring. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1984. 148(6): p. 759–63.

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286. Flamm, B.L., et al., External cephalic version after previous cesarean section. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1991. 165(2): p. 370–2.

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287. Fogelson, N.S., et al., Neonatal impact of elective repeat cesarean delivery at term: a comment on patient choice cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2005. 192(5): p. 1433–6.

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288. Ford, A.A.D., B.T. Bateman, and L.L. Simpson, Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery in twin gestations: a large, nationwide sample of deliveries. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2006. 195(4): p. 1138–42.

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289. Forna, F., A.M. Miles, and D.J. Jamieson, Emergency peripartum hysterectomy: a comparison of cesarean and postpartum hysterectomy. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2004. 190(5): p. 1440–4.

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290. Forsnes, E.V., J.E. Browning, and R.B. Gherman, Bladder rupture associated with uterine rupture. A report of two cases occurring during vaginal birth after cesarean. J Reprod Med, 2000. 45(3): p. 240–2.

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291. Francois, K., J.M. Johnson, and C. Harris, Is placenta previa more common in multiple gestations? Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2003. 188(5): p. 1226–7.

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292. Franz, M.B., et al., Stillbirth following previous cesarean section in Bavaria/Germany 1987–2005. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2009. 279(1): p. 29–36.

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293. Fraser, W., Women's mid-pregnancy motivation to attempt VBAC predicts delivery method. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 1994. 46(32).

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294. Frederiksen, M.C., R. Glassenberg, and C.S. Stika, Placenta previa: a 22-year analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1999. 180(6 Pt 1): p. 1432–7.

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295. French, L., Trial of labor after cesarean section. J Fam Pract, 1996. 43(6): p. 538–9.

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296. Frost, J., et al., Women's views on the use of decision aids for decision making about the method of delivery following a previous caesarean section: qualitative interview study. Bjog, 2009. 116(7): p. 896–905.

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297. Fruchter, O., Trial of labor compared with an elective second cesarean section.[comment]. N Engl J Med, 1997. 336(9): p. 658; author reply 659.

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298. Fylstra, D.L., Ectopic pregnancy within a cesarean scar: a review. Obstet Gynecol Surv, 2002. 57(8): p. 537–43.

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299. Gagnon, A.J., Individual or group antenatal education for childbirth/parenthood.[update in Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(3):CD002869; PMID: 17636711]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2000(4): p. CD002869.

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300. Gagnon, A.J. and J. Sandall, Individual or group antenatal education for childbirth or parenthood, or both.[update of Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(4):CD002869; PMID: 11034780]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2007(3): p. CD002869.

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301. Gamble, J.A. and D.K. Creedy, Women's preference for a cesarean section: incidence and associated factors. Birth, 2001. 28(2): p. 101–10.

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302. Gardeil, F., S. Daly, and M.J. Turner, Uterine rupture in pregnancy reviewed. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 1994. 56(2): p. 107–10.

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303. Garg, V.K. and E.N. Ekuma-Nkama, Vaginal birth following two cesarean sections. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2005. 88(1): p. 53–4.

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304. Gates, P.E., Think globally, act locally: an approach to implementation of clinical practice guidelines. Jt Comm J Qual Improv, 1995. 21(2): p. 71–84.

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305. Gellman, E., et al., Vaginal delivery after cesarean section. Experience in private practice. Jama, 1983. 249(21): p. 2935–7.

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306. Gerhardstein, L.P., et al., Reduction in the rate of cesarean birth with active management of labor and intermediate-dose oxytocin. J Reprod Med, 1995. 40(1): p. 4–8.

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307. Gherman, R.B., S. McBrayer, and J. Browning, Uterine rupture associated with vaginal birth after cesarean section: a complication of intravaginal misoprostol? Gynecol Obstet Invest, 2000. 50(3): p. 212–3.

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308. Gibbs, C.E., Planned vaginal delivery following cesarean section. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 1980. 23(2): p. 507–15.

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309. Gibbs, C.P., et al., Obstetric anesthesia: a national survey. Anesthesiology, 1986. 65(3): p. 298–306.

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310. Gifford, D.S., E. Keeler, and K.L. Kahn, Reductions in cost and cesarean rate by routine use of external cephalic version: a decision analysis. Obstet Gynecol, 1995. 85(6): p. 930–6.

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311. Gil, A. and C.J. Sultana, Vesicouterine fistula after vacuum delivery and two previous cesarean sections. A case report. J Reprod Med, 2001. 46(9): p. 853–5.

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312. Gilmour, D.T., et al., Minimizing the urological and psychological morbidity of urinary tract fistulae from VBAC. J Obstet Gynaecol Can, 2006. 28(2): p. 132–5.

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313. Gleicher, N., Mandatory trial of labor after cesarean delivery: an alternative viewpoint.[comment]. Obstet Gynecol, 1991. 78(4): p. 727–8.

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314. Gochnour, G., S. Ratcliffe, and M.B. Stone, The UTAH VBAC Study. Matern Child Health J, 2005. 9(2): p. 181–8.

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315. Goer, H., Misoprostol and uterine rupture. Birth, 2000. 27(3): p. 224–5.

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316. Goer, H., VBAC and the New England Journal of Medicine. Birth, 2002. 29(2): p. 150–1.

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317. Goffman, D., et al., Predictors of maternal mortality and near-miss maternal morbidity. J Perinatol, 2007. 27(10): p. 597–601.

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318. Goldman, G., et al., Effects of patient, physician and hospital characteristics on the likelihood of vaginal birth after previous cesarean section in Quebec. Cmaj, 1990. 143(10): p. 1017–24.

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319. Gonzales, G.F. and A. Salirrosas, Pulse oxygen saturation and neurologic assessment in human neonates after vaginal and cesarean delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1998. 63(1): p. 63–6.

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320. Gorgen, H., et al., Fetal torticollis and upper extremity haematoma after silent uterine rupture: a case report. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 2007. 47(6): p. 513–4.

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321. Goyert, G.L., et al., The physician factor in cesarean birth rates. N Engl J Med, 1989. 320(11): p. 706–9.

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322. Graham, A.R., Trial labor following previous cesarean section. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1984. 149(1): p. 35–45.

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323. Granot, M., Postcesarean section pain prediction by preoperative pressure pain assessment. Anesthesiology, 2003. 98: p. 1422–26.

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324. Gray, R., et al., Caesarean delivery and risk of stillbirth in subsequent pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study in an English population. Bjog, 2007. 114(3): p. 264–70.

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325. Gregory, K.D., Maternal and infant complications in high and normal weight infants by method of delivery. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1998. 92: p. 507–513.

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326. Gregory, K.D., et al., Repeat cesareans: how many are elective? Obstet Gynecol, 1994. 84(4): p. 574–8.

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327. Grobman, W.A., A.M. Peaceman, and M.L. Socol, Cost-effectiveness of elective cesarean delivery after one prior low transverse cesarean. Obstet Gynecol, 2000. 95(5): p. 745–51.

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328. Gross, T., R.J. Sokol, and K.C. King, Obesity in pregnancy: risks and outcome. Obstet Gynecol, 1980. 56(4): p. 446–50.

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329. Gross, T.L., et al., Avoiding prematurity in elective repeat cesarean section. A role for amniotic fluid phosphatidylglycerol. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 1984. 63(8): p. 683–6.

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330. Groutz, A., et al., Persistent postpartum urinary retention in contemporary obstetric practice. Definition, prevalence and clinical implications. J Reprod Med, 2001. 46(1): p. 44–8.

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331. Grunebaum, A.N., et al., The relationship of maternal antibody levels to post-cesarean section endometritis. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1983. 147(8): p. 919–22.

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332. Gudgeon, C.W., Uterine rupture and scar dehiscence.[comment]. Anaesth Intensive Care, 1997. 25(4): p. 434.

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333. Guleria, K., G.I. Dhall, and K. Dhall, Pattern of cervical dilatation in previous lower segment caesarean section patients. J Indian Med Assoc, 1997. 95(5): p. 131–4.

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334. Gupta, A., et al., Meconium stained urine: an unusual sign of combined uterine and bladder rupture. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 2005. 45(4): p. 334.

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335. Haas, A.V., Homebirth after cesarean: the myth & the reality.[erratum appears in Midwifery Today Int Midwife. 2008 Winter;(88):8]. Midwifery Today Int Midwife, 2008(86): p. 44–7.

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336. Habek, D. and R. Becarevic, Emergency peripartum hysterectomy in a tertiary obstetric center: 8-year evaluation. Fetal Diagn Ther, 2007. 22(2): p. 139–42.

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337. Haberman, S., et al., Variations in compliance with documentation using computerized obstetric records. Obstet Gynecol, 2007. 110(1): p. 141–5.

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338. Hales, K., Influence of labor and route of delivery on the frequency of respiratory morbidity in term neonates. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1993. 43: p. 35–40.

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339. Hall, M.H., Mode of delivery and future fertility. Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 1989. 96: p. 1297–1303.

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340. Hamar, B.D., et al., Expectant management of uterine dehiscence in the second trimester of pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol, 2003. 102(5 Pt 2): p. 1139–42.

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341. Hammond, H., Death from obstetrical hemorrhage. Calif Med, 1972. 117(2): p. 16–20.

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342. Hamrick-Turner, J.E., P.E. Cranston, and B.S. Lantrip, Gravid uterine dehiscence: MR findings. Abdom Imaging, 1995. 20(5): p. 486–8.

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343. Hankins, G.D.V., S.M. Clark, and M.B. Munn, Cesarean section on request at 39 weeks: impact on shoulder dystocia, fetal trauma, neonatal encephalopathy, and intrauterine fetal demise. Semin Perinatol, 2006. 30(5): p. 276–87.

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344. Haq, C.L., Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Am Fam Physician, 1988. 37(6): p. 167–71.

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345. Harper, L.M. and G.A. Macones, Predicting success and reducing the risks when attempting vaginal birth after cesarean. Obstet Gynecol Surv, 2008. 63(8): p. 538–45.

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346. Harris, W.J., J.F. Daniell, and J.W. Baxter, Prior cesarean section. A risk factor for adenomyosis? J Reprod Med, 1985. 30(3): p. 173–5.

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347. Has, R., et al., Imaging features of postpartum uterine rupture: a case report. Abdom Imaging, 2008. 33(1): p. 101–3.

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348. Hauth, J.C., G.D. Hankins, and L.C. Gilstrap, 3rd, Uterine contraction pressures achieved in parturients with active phase arrest. Obstet Gynecol, 1991. 78(3 Pt 1): p. 344–7.

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349. Hawe, J.A. and K.S. Olah, Posterior uterine rupture in a patient with a lower segment caesarean section scar complicating prostaglandin induction of labour. Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 1997. 104(7): p. 857–8.

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350. Hawkins, J.L., Obstetric anesthesia work force survey, 1981 versus 1992. Anesthesiology, 1997. 87: p. 135–43.

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351. Hawkins, J.L., et al., Oral intake policies on labor and delivery: A national survey. J Clin Anesth, 1998. 10(6): p. 449–451.

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352. Hawkins, J.L., et al., A reevaluation of the association between instrument delivery and epidural analgesia. Reg Anesth, 1995. 20(1): p. 50–6.

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353. Hawkins, J.L., et al., Anesthesia-related deaths during obstetric delivery in the United States, 1979–1990. Anesthesiology, 1997. 86(2): p. 277–284.

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354. Heddleston, L.N. and W.J. Watson, Vaginal birth after cesarean section in a small hospital. Mil Med, 1991. 156(5): p. 239–40.

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355. Heffner, L.J., Uterine rupture among women with a prior cesarean delivery. N Engl J Med, 2002. 346(2): p. 134–7.

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356. Hendricks, M.S., et al., Previous cesarean section and abortion as risk factors for developing placenta previa. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 1999. 25(2): p. 137–42.

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357. Henrich, W., et al., Ultrasound finding and operative management of a uterine rupture during vaginal delivery after Cesarean section. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2005. 25(2): p. 203–5.

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358. Henriksen, T.B., et al., Cesarean section in twin pregnancies in two Danish counties with different cesarean section rates. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 1994. 73(2): p. 123–8.

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359. Heritage, C.K. and M.D. Cunningham, Association of elective repeat cesarean delivery and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1985. 152(6 Pt 1): p. 627–9.

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360. Hicks, P., Systematic review of the risk of uterine rupture with the use of amnioinfusion after previous cesarean delivery. South Med J, 2005. 98(4): p. 458–61.

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361. Hildingsson, I., et al., Few women wish to be delivered by caesarean section. Bjog, 2002. 109(6): p. 618–23.

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362. Hill, D.A., et al., Uterine rupture and dehiscence associated with intravaginal misoprostol cervical ripening. J Reprod Med, 2000. 45(10): p. 823–6.

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363. Hodgkinson, R., Repeat caesarean section associated with gross obesity. Br J Anaesth, 1981. 53(10): p. 1108.

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364. Hodnett, E.D., et al., Continuous support for women during childbirth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2007.

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365. Hoffman, M.K., et al., Uterine rupture in patients with a prior cesarean delivery: the impact of cervical ripening. Am J Perinatol, 2004. 21(4): p. 217–22.

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366. Hofmeyr, G.J., et al., Methods for cervical ripening and labour induction in late pregnancy: generic protocol. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2000.

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367. Hofmeyr, G.J. and A.M. Gulmezoglu, Vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening and induction of labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2004.

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368. Hofmeyr, G.J. and M.E. Hannah, Planned caesarean section for term breech delivery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2003.

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369. Hofmeyr, G.J. and R. Kulier, External cephalic version for breech presentation at term. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2006.

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370. Hofmeyr, G.J., L. Say, and A.M. Gulmezoglu, WHO systematic review of maternal mortality and morbidity: the prevalence of uterine rupture. Bjog, 2005. 112(9): p. 1221–8.

Exclusion code: 6

371. Horey, D., J. Weaver, and H. Russell, Information for pregnant women about caesarean birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2004(1): p. CD003858.

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372. Howarth, G.R. and D.J. Botha, Amniotomy plus intravenous oxytocin for induction of labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2001.

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373. Hsu, C.D., et al., Rupture of uterine scar with extensive maternal bladder laceration after cocaine abuse. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1992. 167(1): p. 129–30.

Exclusion code: 9

374. Hurry, D.J., B. Larsen, and D. Charles, Effects of postcesarean section febrile morbidity on subsequent fertility. Obstet Gynecol, 1984. 64(2): p. 256–60.

Exclusion code: 10

375. Hutton, E. and E. Mozurkewich, Extra-amniotic prostaglandin for induction of labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2001.

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376. Hutton, E.K. and G.J. Hofmeyr, External cephalic version for breech presentation before term. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2006.

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377. Iglesias, S., R. Burn, and L.D. Saunders, Reducing the cesarean section rate in a rural community hospital.[see comment][erratum appears in Can Med Assoc J 1992 May 15;146(10):1701]. Cmaj, 1991. 145(11): p. 1459–64.

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378. Imberti, R., et al., Blood transfusion during cesarean section. A 12 years' retrospective analysis. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg, 1990. 41(2): p. 139–44.

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379. Imoh-Ita, F. and S. Williams, Prostaglandin E2 induction of labour proceeding to vaginal delivery after two previous caesarean sections. J Obstet Gynaecol, 2002. 22(5): p. 559–60.

Exclusion code: 9

380. Jackson, N. and S. Paterson-Brown, Physical sequelae of caesarean section. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 2001. 15(1): p. 49–61.

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381. Jacob, J. and J. Pfenninger, Cesarean deliveries: when is a pediatrician necessary? Obstet Gynecol, 1997. 89(2): p. 217–20.

Exclusion code: 7

382. Jaillard, S., V. Houfflin-Debarge, and L. Storme, Higher risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn after cesarean. J Perinat Med, 2003. 31(6): p. 538–9.

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383. Janke, J.R., Breastfeeding duration following cesarean and vaginal births. J Nurse Midwifery, 1988. 33(4): p. 159–64.

Exclusion code: 7

384. Janni, W., et al., The prognostic impact of a prolonged second stage of labor on maternal and fetal outcome. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2002. 81(3): p. 214–21.

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385. Janssen, P.A., et al., Outcomes of planned home birth with registered midwife versus planned hospital birth with midwife or physician. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2009. 181(6/7): p. 377–383.

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386. Jarrell, M.A., G.G. Ashmead, and L.I. Mann, Vaginal delivery after cesarean section: a five-year study. Obstet Gynecol, 1985. 65(5): p. 628–32.

Exclusion code: 10

387. Jastrow, N., et al., Inter- and intraobserver variability in sonographic measurement of the lower uterine segment after a previous Cesarean section. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2006. 27(4): p. 420–4.

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388. Jerbi, M., et al., Predictive factors of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2006. 94(1): p. 43–4.

Exclusion code: 8

389. Jerbi, M., et al., Previous cesarean scar exploration following vaginal delivery and hemorrhagic morbidity. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2006. 92(2): p. 135–6.

Exclusion code: 8

390. Johnson, C. and N. Oriol, The role of epidural anesthesia in trial of labor. Reg Anesth, 1990. 15(6): p. 304–8.

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391. Johnson, K.C. and I.M. Gaskin, Vaginal delivery after caesarean section. Safety of single-layer suturing in caesarean sections must be proved. Bmj, 2001. 323(7324): p. 1307–8.

Exclusion code: 6

392. Johnson, S.R., et al., Obstetric decision-making: responses to patients who request cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol, 1986. 67(6): p. 847–50.

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393. Jolly, M.C., Risk factors for macrosomia and its clinical consequences: a study of 350,311 pregnancies. European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 2003. 111: p. 9–14.

Exclusion code: 7

394. Jonas, H.A., N. Khalid, and S.M. Schwartz, The relationship between Caesarean section and neonatal mortality in very-low-birthweight infants born in Washington State, USA. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 1999. 13(2): p. 170–89.

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395. Jonas, H.A. and J.M. Lumley, The effect of mode of delivery on neonatal mortality in very low birthweight infants born in Victoria, Australia: Caesarean section is associated with increased survival in breech-presenting, but not vertex-presenting, infants. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 1997. 11(2): p. 181–99.

Exclusion code: 7

396. Jones, R.O., et al., Rupture of low transverse cesarean scars during trial of labor. Obstet Gynecol, 1991. 77(6): p. 815–7.

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397. Joseph, G.F., Jr., C.M. Stedman, and A.G. Robichaux, Vaginal birth after cesarean section: the impact of patient resistance to a trial of labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1991. 164(6 Pt 1): p. 1441–4; discussion 1444–7.

Exclusion code: 4

398. Joura, E.A., Minimal wound closure at cesarean delivery. Geburtsh Frauenheilkd, 1998. 58: p. 651–3.

Exclusion code: 4

399. Joyce, D.N., F. Giwa-Osagie, and G.W. Stevenson, Role of pelvimetry in active management of labour. Br Med J, 1975. 4(5995): p. 505–7.

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400. Kabir, A.A., et al., Unnecessary cesarean delivery in Louisiana: an analysis of birth certificate data. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2004. 190(1): p. 10–9; discussion 3A.

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401. Kaczmarczyk, M., et al., Risk factors for uterine rupture and neonatal consequences of uterine rupture: a population-based study of successive pregnancies in Sweden. Bjog, 2007. 114(10): p. 1208–14.

Exclusion code: 5

402. Kamal, P., et al., Factors influencing repeat caesarean section: qualitative exploratory study of obstetricians' and midwives' accounts. Bjog, 2005. 112(8): p. 1054–60.

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403. Kaplan, B., et al., Routine revision of uterine scar after prior cesarean section. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 1994. 73(6): p. 473–5.

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404. Kaplan, D.L., Outcomes associated with a trial of labor after prior cesarean delivery.[comment]. N Engl J Med, 2005. 352(16): p. 1718–20; author reply 1718–20.

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405. Karaer, A., F.A. Avsar, and S. Batioglu, Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy: a case-control study. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 2006. 46(6): p. 521–7.

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406. Kastner, E.S., et al., Emergency peripartum hysterectomy: experience at a community teaching hospital. Obstet Gynecol, 2002. 99(6): p. 971–5.

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407. Kavak, Z.N., A. Basgul, and N. Ceyhan, Short-term outcome of newborn infants: spinal versus general anesthesia for elective cesarean section. A prospective randomized study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2001. 100(1): p. 50–4.

Exclusion code: 5

408. Kavanagh, J., A.J. Kelly, and J. Thomas, Sexual intercourse for cervical ripening and induction of labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2001.

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409. Kavanagh, J., A.J. Kelly, and J. Thomas, Breast stimulation for cervical ripening and induction of labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2005.

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410. Kavanagh, J., A.J. Kelly, and J. Thomas, Corticosteroids for cervical ripening and induction of labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2006.

Exclusion code: 4

411. Kavanagh, J., A.J. Kelly, and J. Thomas, Hyaluronidase for cervical ripening and induction of labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2006.

Exclusion code: 4

412. Kayani, S.I. and Z. Alfirevic, Induction of labour with previous caesarean delivery: where do we stand? Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol, 2006. 18(6): p. 636–41.

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413. Keeler, E.B., et al., Adjusting cesarean delivery rates for case mix. Health Serv Res, 1997. 32(4): p. 511–28.

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414. Kelly, A., et al., Induction of labour in specific clinical situations: generic protocol. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2001.

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415. Kelly, A.J. and J. Kavanagh, Nitric oxide donors for cervical ripening and induction of labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2008.

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416. Kelly, A.J., J. Kavanagh, and J. Thomas, Castor oil, bath and/or enema for cervical priming and induction of labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2001.

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417. Kelly, A.J., J. Kavanagh, and J. Thomas, Relaxin for cervical ripening and induction of labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2001.

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418. Kelly, A.J., J. Kavanagh, and J. Thomas, Vaginal prostaglandin (PGE2 and PGF2a) for induction of labour at term. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2003.

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419. Kelly, A.J. and B. Tan, Intravenous oxytocin alone for cervical ripening and induction of labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2001.

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420. Kendrick, J.S., et al., Previous cesarean delivery and the risk of ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol, 1996. 87(2): p. 297–301.

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421. Khan, K.S. and A. Rizvi, The partograph in the management of labor following cesarean section. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1995. 50(2): p. 151–7.

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422. Khan, K.S., A. Rizvi, and J.H. Rizvi, Risk of uterine rupture after the partographic 'alert' line is crossed--an additional dimension in the quest towards safe motherhood in labour following caesarean section. JPMA J Pak Med Assoc, 1996. 46(6): p. 120–2.

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423. Kirk, E.P., et al., Vaginal birth after cesarean or repeat cesarean section: medical risks or social realities? Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1990. 162(6): p. 1398–403; discussion 403–5.

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424. Kirkinen, P., Multiple caesarean sections: outcomes and complications. Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 1988. 95(8): p. 778–82.

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425. Kirkinen, P., Ultrasonography of the lower uterine segment after multiple caesarean sections. Ann Med, 1990. 22(2): p. 137–9.

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426. Kishor, T., et al., Study of vaginal delivery in patients with one previous lower segment caesarean section. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1986. 26(4): p. 245–8.

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427. Kline, J. and F. Arias, Analysis of factors determining the selection of repeated cesarean section or trial of labor in patients with histories of prior cesarean delivery. J Reprod Med, 1993. 38(4): p. 289–92.

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428. Knight, M., et al., Cesarean delivery and peripartum hysterectomy. Obstet Gynecol, 2008. 111(1): p. 97–105.

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429. Kobelin, C.G., Intrapartum management of vaginal birth after cesarean section. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 2001. 44(3): p. 588–93.

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430. Kolas, T., et al., Indications for cesarean deliveries in Norway. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2003. 188(4): p. 864–70.

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431. Kolderup, L.B., R.K. Laros, Jr., and T.J. Musci, Incidence of persistent birth injury in macrosomic infants: association with mode of delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1997. 177(1): p. 37–41.

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432. Kopelman, J.N., et al., Computed tomographic pelvimetry in the evaluation of breech presentation. Obstet Gynecol, 1986. 68(4): p. 455–8.

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433. Koroukian, S.M., Uterine rupture among women with a prior cesarean delivery. N Engl J Med, 2002. 346(2): p. 134–7.

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434. Koroukian, S.M., D. Bush, and A.A. Rimm, Comparison of cesarean section rates in fee-for-service versus managed care patients in the Ohio Medicaid population, 1992–1997. Am J Manag Care, 2001. 7(2): p. 134–42.

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435. Koroukian, S.M. and A.A. Rimm, Declining trends in cesarean deliveries, Ohio 1989–1996: an analysis by indications. Birth, 2000. 27(1): p. 12–8.

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436. Koroukian, S.M., B. Trisel, and A.A. Rimm, Estimating the proportion of unnecessary Cesarean sections in Ohio using birth certificate data.[erratum appears in J Clin Epidemiol 1999 Apr;52(4):379]. J Clin Epidemiol, 1998. 51(12): p. 1327–34.

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437. Korst, L.M., et al., Hospital rates of maternal and neonatal infection in a low-risk population. Matern Child Health J, 2005. 9(3): p. 307–16.

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438. Kotagal, U.R., et al., The impact of legislation and secular trends on newborn length of stay for Medicaid infants in Ohio. J Pediatr, 2002. 141(3): p. 392–7.

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439. Kozak, L.J. and J.D. Weeks, U.S. trends in obstetric procedures, 1990–2000. Birth, 2002. 29(3): p. 157–61.

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440. Krishnamurthy, S., et al., The role of postnatal x-ray pelvimetry after caesarean section in the management of subsequent delivery. Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 1991. 98(7): p. 716–8.

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445. Lam, C.M., S.F. Wong, and L.Y. Chan, Labor outcomes of short multiparous women with a previous successful vaginal delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2001. 75(3): p. 313–4.

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446. Landon, M.B., Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Clin Perinatol, 2008. 35(3): p. 491–504.

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447. Langer, O., Shoulder dystocia: should the fetus weighing greater than or equal to 4000 grams be delivered by caesarean section? Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1991. 165: p. 831–837.

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448. Lao, T.T. and B.F. Leung, Rupture of the gravid uterus. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 1987. 25(3): p. 175–80.

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449. Laopaiboon, M., et al., Music during caesarean section under regional anesthesia for improving maternal and infant outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2008.

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450. Laros, R.K., Jr., T.A. Flanagan, and S.J. Kilpatrick, Management of term breech presentation: a protocol of external cephalic version and selective trial of labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1995. 172(6): p. 1916–23; discussion 1923–5.

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451. Latendresse, G., P.A. Murphy, and J.T. Fullerton, A description of the management and outcomes of vaginal birth after cesarean birth in the homebirth setting. J Midwifery Womens Health, 2005. 50(5): p. 386–91.

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452. Latthe, P., et al., Factors predisposing women to chronic pelvic pain: systematic review. Bmj, 2006. 332(7544): p. 749–55.

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453. Lavin, J.P., et al., Vaginal delivery in patients with a prior cesarean section. Obstet Gynecol, 1982. 59(2): p. 135–48.

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454. Leaphart, W.L., M.C. Meyer, and E.L. Capeless, Labor induction with a prenatal diagnosis of fetal macrosomia. J Matern Fetal Med, 1997. 6(2): p. 99–102.

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455. Lee, K.S., et al., Relationship of cesarean delivery to lower birth weight-specific neonatal mortality in singleton breech infants in the United States. Obstet Gynecol, 1998. 92(5): p. 769–74.

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456. Leeman, L. and R. Leeman, A Native American community with a 7% cesarean delivery rate: does case mix, ethnicity, or labor management explain the low rate? Ann Fam Med, 2003. 1(1): p. 36–43.

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457. Lewis, S. and M. Collins, Induction of vaginal birth after cesarean using intracervical Foley bulb. J Midwifery Womens Health, 2008. 53(6): p. 563–6.

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458. Lieberman, E., Risk factors for uterine rupture during a trial of labor after cesarean. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 2001. 44(3): p. 609–21.

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459. Lieberman, E., et al., Assessing the role of case mix in cesarean delivery rates. Obstet Gynecol, 1998. 92(1): p. 1–7.

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460. Linton, A. and M.R. Peterson, Effect of managed care enrollment on primary and repeat cesarean rates among U.S. Department of Defense health care beneficiaries in military and civilian hospitals worldwide, 1999–2002. Birth, 2004. 31(4): p. 254–64.

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461. Linton, A., M.R. Peterson, and T.V. Williams, Effects of maternal characteristics on cesarean delivery rates among U.S. Department of Defense healthcare beneficiaries, 1996–2002. Birth, 2004. 31(1): p. 3–11.

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462. Lipscomb, K.R., K. Gregory, and K. Shaw, The outcome of macrosomic infants weighing at least 4500 grams: Los Angeles County + University of Southern California experience. Obstet Gynecol, 1995. 85(4): p. 558–64.

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463. Liston, F.A., et al., Neonatal outcomes with caesarean delivery at term. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 2008. 93(3): p. F176–82.

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465. Localio, A.R., et al., Relationship Between Malpractice Claims and Cesarean Delivery. JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association, 1993. 269(3): p. 366–373.

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466. Lomas, J., et al., Opinion leaders vs audit and feedback to implement practice guidelines. Delivery after previous cesarean section. Jama, 1991. 265(17): p. 2202–7.

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467. Longo, D.R., et al., Consumer reports in health care. Do they make a difference in patient care? Jama, 1997. 278(19): p. 1579–84.

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468. Lucas, A., Information for women after CS: are they getting enough? RCM Midwives, 2004. 7(11): p. 472–5.

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469. Lurie, S., et al., Routine previous cesarean scar exploration following successful vaginal delivery. Is it necessary? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 1992. 45(3): p. 185–6.

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471. Lynch, J.C. and J.P. Pardy, Uterine rupture and scar dehiscence. A five-year survey. Anaesth Intensive Care, 1996. 24(6): p. 699–704.

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472. Macario, A., Y.Y. El-Sayed, and M.L. Druzin, Cost-effectiveness of a trial of labor after previous cesarean delivery depends on the a priori chance of success. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 2004. 47(2): p. 378–85.

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473. MacDorman, M.F., et al., Fetal and perinatal mortality, United States, 2005. Natl Vital Stat Rep, 2009. 57(8): p. 1–19.

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475. MacKenzie, I.Z., S. Bradley, and M.P. Embrey, Vaginal prostaglandins and labour induction for patients previously delivered by caesarean section. Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 1984. 91(1): p. 7–10.

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476. Macones, G.A., The utility of clinical tests of eligibility for a trial of labour following a caesarean section: a decision analysis. Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 1999. 106(7): p. 642–6.

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477. Magee, B.D., Uterine rupture among women with a prior cesarean delivery. N Engl J Med, 2002. 346(2): p. 134–7.

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478. Mahmood, T.A., Maternal height, birthweight, obstetric conjugate and their influence on the management of parturients with a previous cesarean scar. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 1989. 68(7): p. 595–8.

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479. Mahmood, T.A., The influence of maternal height, obstetrical conjugate and fetal birth-weight in the management of patients with breech presentation. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1990. 30(1): p. 10–4.

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480. Mahony, R., et al., Outcome of second delivery after prior macrosomic infant in women with normal glucose tolerance. Obstet Gynecol, 2006. 107(4): p. 857–62.

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481. Makino, S., et al., Prospective comparison of delivery outcomes of vaginal births after cesarean section versus laparoscopic myomectomy. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2008. 34(6): p. 952–6.

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482. Makoha, F.W., et al., Multiple cesarean section morbidity. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2004. 87(3): p. 227–32.

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483. Mankuta, D.D., et al., Vaginal birth after cesarean section: trial of labor or repeat cesarean section? A decision analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2003. 189(3): p. 714–9.

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484. Many, A., et al., Neonatal respiratory morbidity after elective cesarean section. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2006. 19(2): p. 75–8.

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485. Martel, M.-J., et al., Guidelines for vaginal birth after previous Caesarean birth. J Obstet Gynaecol Can, 2004. 26(7): p. 660–83; quiz 684–6.

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486. Martel, M.-J., et al., Guidelines for vaginal birth after previous Caesarean birth. J Obstet Gynaecol Can, 2005. 27(2): p. 164–88.

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487. Martin, J.N., Jr., J.C. Morrison, and W.L. Wiser, Vaginal birth after cesarean section: the demise of routine repeat abdominal delivery. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am, 1988. 15(4): p. 719–36.

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488. Martin, J.N., Jr., et al., The case for trial of labor in the patient with a prior low-segment vertical cesarean incision. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1997. 177(1): p. 144–8.

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489. Martin, L.F., K.M. Finigan, and T.E. Nolan, Pregnancy after adjustable gastric banding. Obstet Gynecol, 2000. 95(6 Pt 1): p. 927–30.

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490. Maslow, A.S. and A.L. Sweeny, Elective induction of labor as a risk factor for cesarean delivery among low-risk women at term. Obstet Gynecol, 2000. 95(6 Pt 1): p. 917–22.

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491. Mastrobattista, J.M., Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am, 1999. 26(2): p. 295–304.

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492. Matalon, S., et al., Relationship of treated maternal hypothyroidism and perinatal outcome. J Reprod Med, 2006. 51(1): p. 59–63.

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493. Mathelier, A.C., Radiopelvimetry after cesarean section. J Reprod Med, 1996. 41(6): p. 427–30.

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495. Mawson, A.R., Reducing cesarean delivery rates in managed care organizations. Am J Manag Care, 2002. 8(8): p. 730–40.

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496. Maymon, E., et al., Peripartum complications in grand multiparous women: para 6–9 versus para > or =10. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 1998. 81(1): p. 21–5.

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497. McCarthy, F.P., A. Ades, and W.C. Ang, Spontaneous combined bladder and uterine rupture in pregnancy. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 2009. 49(2): p. 234–5.

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498. McClain, C.S., Why women choose trial of labor or repeat cesarean section.[erratum appears in J Fam Pract 1986 Nov;23(5):425]. J Fam Pract, 1985. 21(3): p. 210–6.

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499. McClain, C.S., Patient decision making: the case of delivery method after a previous cesarean section. Cult Med Psychiatry, 1987. 11(4): p. 495–508.

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500. McClain, C.S., The making of a medical tradition: vaginal birth after cesarean. Soc Sci Med, 1990. 31(2): p. 203–10.

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501. McCracken, L., Issue 57: Cesarean prevention/VBAC. Midwifery Today Int Midwife, 2001(58): p. 4.

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502. McDonagh, M.S., P. Osterweil, and J.-M. Guise, The benefits and risks of inducing labour in patients with prior caesarean delivery: a systematic review. Bjog, 2005. 112(8): p. 1007–15.

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503. McShane, P.M., P.S. Heyl, and M.F. Epstein, Maternal and perinatal morbidity resulting from placenta previa. Obstet Gynecol, 1985. 65(2): p. 176–82.

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504. Meddings, F., et al., Vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC): exploring women's perceptions. J Clin Nurs, 2007. 16(1): p. 160–7.

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505. Meehan, F.P., Delivery following prior cesarean section: an obstetrician's dilemma? Obstet Gynecol Surv, 1988. 43(10): p. 582–9.

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506. Meehan, F.P., Trial of scar with induction/oxytocin in delivery following prior section. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol, 1988. 15(4): p. 117–23.

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507. Meehan, F.P., et al., Delivery following cesarean section and perinatal mortality. Am J Perinatol, 1989. 6(1): p. 90–4.

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508. Meehan, F.P., G. Burke, and J.T. Kehoe, Update on delivery following prior cesarean section: a 15-year review 1972–1987. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1989. 30(3): p. 205–12.

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509. Meehan, F.P., et al., True rupture/scar dehiscence in delivery following prior section. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1990. 31(3): p. 249–55.

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510. Meehan, F.P. and I.M. Magani, True rupture of the caesarean section scar (a 15 year review, 1972–1987). Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 1989. 30(2): p. 129–35.

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511. Megafu, U., Factors influencing maternal survival in ruptured uterus. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1985. 23(6): p. 475–80.

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512. Mehta, S.H., et al., Shoulder dystocia and the next delivery: outcomes and management. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2007. 20(10): p. 729–33.

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515. Menihan, C.A., The effect of uterine rupture on fetal heart rate patterns. J Nurse Midwifery, 1999. 44(1): p. 40–6.

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516. Menticoglou, S.M., Must macrosomic fetuses be delivered by a caesarean section? A review of outcome for 786 babies greater than or equal to 4,500 g. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1992. 32: p. 100–103.

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517. Merrill, B.S. and C.E. Gibbs, Planned vaginal delivery following cesarean section. Obstet Gynecol, 1978. 52(1): p. 50–2.

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518. Meyer, M.C., Translating data to dialogue: how to discuss mode of delivery with your patient with twins. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2006. 195(4): p. 899–906.

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519. Miller, D.A., et al., Intrapartum rupture of the unscarred uterus. Obstet Gynecol, 1997. 89(5 Pt 1): p. 671–3.

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520. Miller, D.A., et al., Vaginal birth after cesarean section in twin gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1996. 175(1): p. 194–8.

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521. Miller, E.S., J. Partezana, and R.L. Montgomery, Vaginal birth after cesarean: a 5-year experience in a family practice residency program. J Am Board Fam Pract, 1995. 8(5): p. 357–60.

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522. Miller, P.J., et al., The relationship between surgeon experience and endometritis after cesarean section. Surg Gynecol Obstet, 1987. 165(6): p. 535–9.

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523. Milsom, I., et al., Influence of maternal, obstetric and fetal risk factors on the prevalence of birth asphyxia at term in a Swedish urban population. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2002. 81(10): p. 909–17.

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524. Minkoff, H. and S. McCalla, Uterine rupture among women with a prior cesarean delivery. N Engl J Med, 2002. 346(2): p. 134–7.

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525. Minkoff, H.L., et al., The relationship of amniotic fluid phosphate-to-zinc ratios to post-cesarean section infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1982. 142(8): p. 988–91.

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526. Misra, A., Impact of the HealthChoice program on cesarean section and vaginal birth after C-section deliveries: a retrospective analysis. Matern Child Health J, 2008. 12(2): p. 266–74.

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527. Mo, A. and M.S. Rogers, Sonographic examination of uteroplacental separation during the third stage of labor. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2008. 31(4): p. 427–31.

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528. Moffat, M.A., et al., Decision making about mode of delivery among pregnant women who have previously had a caesarean section: A qualitative study. Bjog, 2007. 114(1): p. 86–93.

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529. Molloy, B.G., O. Sheil, and N.M. Duignan, Delivery after caesarean section: review of 2176 consecutive cases. British Medical Journal Clinical Research Ed, 1987. 294(6588): p. 1645–7.

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530. Montgomery, A.A., et al., Two decision aids for mode of delivery among women with previous caesarean section: randomised controlled trial. Bmj, 2007. 334(7607): p. 1305.

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531. Mootabar, H., et al., Vaginal delivery following previous cesarean section in 1983. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1984. 22(2): p. 155–60.

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532. Moran, C., et al., Gastrin levels in mothers and neonates at delivery in various perinatal conditions. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 1996. 75(7): p. 608–11.

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533. Morency, A.-M., N. Brassard, and R.J. Gauthier, Can uterine rupture in patients attempting vaginal birth after cesarean delivery be predicted?[comment]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2007. 196(6): p. e6; author reply e6.

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534. Moriel, E.Z., et al., Experience with the immediate treatment of iatrogenic bladder injuries and the repair of complex vesico-vaginal fistulae by the transvesical approach. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 1993. 253(3): p. 127–30.

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535. Morin, K.H. and L. Reilly, Caring for obese pregnant women. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs, 2007. 36(5): p. 482–9.

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536. Morrison, J., Neonatal respiratory morbidity and mode of delivery at term: influence of timing of elective cesarean section. Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 1995. 102: p. 101–6.

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537. Mor-Yosef, S., A. Samueloff, and J.G. Schenker, The Israel perinatal census. Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol, 1992. 18(2): p. 139–45.

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538. Mor-Yosef, S., et al., Vaginal delivery following one previous cesarean birth: nation wide survey. Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol, 1990. 16(1): p. 33–7.

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539. Mozurkewich, E.L. and E.K. Hutton, Elective repeat cesarean delivery versus trial of labor: a meta-analysis of the literature from 1989 to 1999. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2000. 183(5): p. 1187–97.

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542. Murphy, D.J., Uterine rupture. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol, 2006. 18(2): p. 135–40.

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543. Murphy, D.J., et al., The relationship between Caesarean section and subfertility in a population-based sample of 14 541 pregnancies. Hum Reprod, 2002. 17(7): p. 1914–7.

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544. Murphy, H., Uterine rupture without previous caesarean section. Review of twelve cases. Ir Med J, 1976. 69(20): p. 531–2.

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545. Murphy, M.C. and S.M. Harvey, Choice of a childbirth method after cesarean. Women Health, 1989. 15(2): p. 67–85.

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546. Murray, T.M., Case 9–1998: uterine rupture.[comment]. N Engl J Med, 1998. 339(4): p. 268; author reply 269.

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547. Murta, E.F.C. and R.S. Nomelini, Is repeated caesarean section a consequence of elective caesarean section? Lancet, 2004. 364(9435): p. 649–50.

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548. Murtha, A.P., et al., Umbilical venous D-dimer concentrations with and without labor. Obstet Gynecol, 1998. 92(2): p. 184–6.

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549. Murthy, K., et al., Association Between Rising Professional Liability Insurance Premiums and Primary Cesarean Delivery Rates. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2007. 110(6): p. 1264–1269.

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550. Myers, S.A. and T.L. Bennett, Incidence of significant adhesions at repeat cesarean section and the relationship to method of prior peritoneal closure. J Reprod Med, 2005. 50(9): p. 659–62.

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551. Myers, S.A. and N. Gleicher, A successful program to lower cesarean-section rates. N Engl J Med, 1988. 319(23): p. 1511–6.

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552. Myles, T., Vaginal birth of twins after a previous Cesarean section. J Matern Fetal Med, 2001. 10(3): p. 171–4.

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553. Nasrat, H. and A. Warda, X-ray pelvimetry-reappraisal. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol, 1991. 18(1): p. 27–33.

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554. Nather, A., et al., Nonclosure of peritoneum at cesarean delivery and future fertility. Fertil Steril, 2002. 78(2): p. 424–5.

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555. Naulty, J.S., et al., Epidural fentanyl for postcesarean delivery pain management. Anesthesiology, 1985. 63(6): p. 694–698.

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556. Ngu, A. and M.A. Quinn, Vaginal delivery following caesarean section. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1985. 25(1): p. 41–3.

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557. Ni, H.Y., et al., Previous abdominal surgery and tubal pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol, 1990. 75(6): p. 919–22.

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558. Nicoll, A.E., et al., An audit of neonatal respiratory morbidity following elective caesarean section at term. Scott Med J, 2004. 49(1): p. 22–5.

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560. Nielsen, T.F. and K.H. Hokegard, The course of subsequent pregnancies after previous cesarean section. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 1984. 63(1): p. 13–6.

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561. Nielsen, T.F., U. Ljungblad, and H. Hagberg, Rupture and dehiscence of cesarean section scar during pregnancy and delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1989. 160(3): p. 569–73.

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562. Nordin, A.J. and J.A. Richardson, Lower segment uterine scar rupture during induction of labour with vaginal prostaglandin E2. Postgrad Med J, 1993. 69(813): p. 592.

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563. Norman, P., S. Kostovcik, and A. Lanning, Elective repeat cesarean sections: how many could be vaginal births? Cmaj, 1993. 149(4): p. 431–5.

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564. Norris, M.C., Are combined spinal epidural catheters reliable? Int, 2000. 9(1): p. 3–6.

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565. November, M.T., Cost analysis of vaginal birth after cesarean. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 2001. 44(3): p. 571–87.

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567. Nwokoro, C.A., et al., Vaginal birth after primary cesarean section: the fetal size factor. J Obstet Gynaecol, 2003. 23(4): p. 392–3.

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597. Petitti, D.B., et al., In-hospital maternal mortality in the United States: time trends and relation to method of delivery. Obstet Gynecol, 1982. 59(1): p. 6–12.

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598. Petrikovsky, B.M., Endoscopic assessment of the integrity of the postcesarean uterine wall before a trial of labor. Transcervical Endoscopy Registry. J Reprod Med, 1994. 39(6): p. 464–6.

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599. Peyrat, L., et al., Prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence in young and middle-aged women. BJU Int, 2002. 89(1): p. 61–6.

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600. Phelan, J.P., Uterine rupture. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 1990. 33(3): p. 432–7.

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602. Pietrantoni, M., Peritoneal closure or non-clusure at cesarean. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1991. 77(2): p. 293–6.

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603. Pinette, M.G., et al., Vaginal birth after Cesarean rates are declining rapidly in the rural state of Maine. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2004. 16(1): p. 37–43.

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606. Placek, P.J. and S.M. Taffel, The Frequency of Complications in Cesarean and Noncesarean Deliveries, 1970 and 1978. Public Health Rep, 1983. 98(4): p. 396–400.

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607. Placek, P.J. and S.M. Taffel, Recent patterns in cesarean delivery in the United States. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am, 1988. 15(4): p. 607–27.

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608. Placek, P.J. and S.M. Taffel, Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) in the 1980s. Am J Public Health, 1988. 78(5): p. 512–5.

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609. Plauche, W.C., W. Von Almen, and R. Muller, Catastrophic uterine rupture. Obstet Gynecol, 1984. 64(6): p. 792–7.

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611. Pollio, F., et al., Uterine dehiscence in term pregnant patients with one previous cesarean delivery: growth factor immunoexpression and collagen content in the scarred lower uterine segment. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2006. 194(2): p. 527–34.

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612. Poma, P.A., Effect of departmental policies on cesarean delivery rates: a community hospital experience. Obstet Gynecol, 1998. 91(6): p. 1013–8.

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613. Poma, P.A., Correlation of birth weights with cesarean rates. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1999. 65(2): p. 117–23.

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614. Poma, P.A., Effects of obstetrician characteristics on cesarean delivery rates. A community hospital experience. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1999. 180(6 Pt 1): p. 1364–72.

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615. Poma, P.A., Rupture of a cesarean-scarred uterus: a community hospital experience. J Natl Med Assoc, 2000. 92(6): p. 295–300.

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616. Ponkey, S.E., et al., Persistent fetal occiput posterior position: obstetric outcomes. Obstet Gynecol, 2003. 101(5 Pt 1): p. 915–20.

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617. Porreco, R.P. and J.A. Thorp, The cesarean birth epidemic: trends, causes, and solutions. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1996. 175(2): p. 369–74.

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618. Porter, T.F., Survival and neurologic outcome of apparently stillborn infants. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1997. 176(1 (2)): p. S15.

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619. Practice, A.C.o.O., Committee opinion. Induction of labor for vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol, 2002. 99(4): p. 679–80.

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620. Pridjian, G., Labor after prior cesarean section. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 1992. 35(3): p. 445–56.

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622. Qublan, H.S. and Y. Tahat, Multiple cesarean section. The impact on maternal and fetal outcome. Saudi Med J, 2006. 27(2): p. 210–4.

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623. Qureshi, B., et al., Ultrasonographic evaluation of lower uterine segment to predict the integrity and quality of cesarean scar during pregnancy: a prospective study. Tohoku J Exp Med, 1997. 183(1): p. 55–65.

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625. Rahman, J., et al., Emergency obstetric hysterectomy in a university hospital: A 25-year review. J Obstet Gynaecol, 2008. 28(1): p. 69–72.

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626. Rasmussen, S., S. Albrechtsen, and K. Dalaker, Obstetric history and the risk of placenta previa. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2000. 79(6): p. 502–7.

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627. Rattan, P.K., et al., Cesarean delivery of the second twin after vaginal delivery of the first twin. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1986. 154(4): p. 936–9.

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628. Rayburn, W., et al., Attempted vaginal birth after cesarean section: a multicenter comparison of outpatient prostaglandin E2 gel with expectant management [abstract]. Primary Care Update for Ob/Gyns, 1998. 5(4): p. 182–183.

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629. Read, A.W., et al., Trends in caesarean section in Western Australia, 1980–1987. Med J Aust, 1990. 153(6): p. 318–23.

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630. Read, J.A., The scheduling of repeat cesarean section operations: prospective management protocol experience. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1985. 151(5): p. 557–63.

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631. Rees, K.M., et al., Healthcare professionals' views on two computer-based decision aids for women choosing mode of delivery after previous caesarean section: a qualitative study. Bjog, 2009. 116(7): p. 906–14.

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632. Reime, B., et al., Do maternity care provider groups have different attitudes towards birth? Bjog, 2004. 111(12): p. 1388–93.

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633. Renner, R.M., et al., Informational factors influencing patient's childbirth preferences after prior cesarean. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2007. 196(5): p. e14–6.

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635. Ridgeway, J.J., D.L. Weyrich, and T.J. Benedetti, Fetal heart rate changes associated with uterine rupture. Obstet Gynecol, 2004. 103(3): p. 506–12.

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636. Ridley, R.T., et al., What influences a woman to choose vaginal birth after cesarean? J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs, 2002. 31(6): p. 665–72.

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637. Rinehart, H., A VBAC primer. Technical issues for midwives. Midwifery Today Int Midwife, 2001(57): p. 16–20.

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638. Roberts, H., et al., Ectopic pregnancy in lower segment uterine scar. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1998. 38(1): p. 114–6.

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639. Roberts, R.G., et al., Trial of labor or repeated cesarean section. The woman's choice. Arch Fam Med, 1997. 6(2): p. 120–5.

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641. Rock, S.M., Variability and consistency of rates of primary and repeat cesarean sections among hospitals in two states. Public Health Rep, 1993. 108(4): p. 514–6.

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642. Rogers, J.F. and W.L. Graves, Risk factors associated with low Apgar scores in a low-income population. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 1993. 7(2): p. 205–16.

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643. Roopnarinesingh, A.J., Abdominal delivery of the second twin. J Obstet Gynaecol, 2002. 22(4): p. 379–80.

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645. Rosen, M.G., J.C. Dickinson, and C.L. Westhoff, Vaginal birth after cesarean: a meta-analysis of morbidity and mortality. Obstet Gynecol, 1991. 77(3): p. 465–70.

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647. Rothman, K.J., S. Greenland, and T. Lash, Modern Epidemiology. 3 ed. 2008, Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

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648. Roumen, F.J., A.A. Janssen, and F.P. Vrouenraets, The course of delivery after previous cesarean section. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 1990. 34(1–2): p. 15–20.

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649. Rouse, D.J., J. Owen, and J.C. Hauth, Active-phase labor arrest: oxytocin augmentation for at least 4 hours. Obstet Gynecol, 1999. 93(3): p. 323–8.

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650. Rousseau, J.A., et al., A randomized study comparing skin closure in cesarean sections: staples vs subcuticular sutures. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2009. 200(3): p. 265.e1–4.

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652. Sachs, B.P., Vaginal birth after cesarean: a health policy perspective. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 2001. 44(3): p. 553–60.

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653. Sachs, B.P., et al., The risks of lowering the cesarean-delivery rate. N Engl J Med, 1999. 340(1): p. 54–7.

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655. Saglamtas, M., et al., Rupture of the uterus. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1995. 49(1): p. 9–15.

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657. Saldana, L.R., H. Schulman, and L. Reuss, Management of pregnancy after cesarean section. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1979. 135(5): p. 555–61.

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658. Salihu, H.M., et al., Risk of stillbirth following a cesarean delivery: black-white disparity. Obstet Gynecol, 2006. 107(2 Pt 1): p. 383–90.

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659. Salim, R., et al., Abdominal scar characteristics as a predictor of intra-abdominal adhesions at repeat cesarean delivery. Fertil Steril, 2008. 90(6): p. 2324–7.

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662. Sanchez-Ramos, L., et al., Route of breech delivery and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2001. 73(1): p. 7–14.

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663. Sansregret, A., E. Bujold, and R.J. Gauthier, Twin delivery after a previous caesarean: a twelve-year experience. J Obstet Gynaecol Can, 2003. 25(4): p. 294–8.

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664. Sarno, A.P., Jr., et al., Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Trial of labor in women with breech presentation. J Reprod Med, 1989. 34(10): p. 831–3.

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665. Saunders, L.D. and G. Flowerdew, Cesarean sections in Alberta from April 1979 to March 1988. Cmaj, 1991. 144(10): p. 1243–9.

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666. Schimmel, L.M., et al., The Yolo County Midwifery Service. A descriptive study of 496 singleton birth outcomes, 1990. J Nurse Midwifery, 1992. 37(6): p. 398–403.

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667. Schneider, J., D. Gallego, and R. Benito, Trial of labour in patients with a prior caesarean section and an intervening vaginal delivery. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1987. 27(3): p. 178–9.

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668. Schnitker, K.A., Uterine rupture during trial of labor: risk management recommendations. J Healthc Risk Manag, 1999. 19(4): p. 12–6.

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669. Schreiner, R.L., et al., Respiratory distress associated with elective repeat cesarean section. A two-year experience in one medical community. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 1981. 60(3): p. 261–4.

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670. Schreiner, R.L., et al., Respiratory distress following elective repeat cesarean section. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1982. 143(6): p. 689–92.

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671. Sciscione, A.C., et al., A randomized comparison of transcervical Foley catheter to intravaginal misoprostol for preinduction cervical ripening. Obstet Gynecol, 2001. 97(4): p. 603–7.

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672. Scott, J.R., Mandatory trial of labor after cesarean delivery: an alternative viewpoint. Obstet Gynecol, 1991. 77(6): p. 811–4.

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673. Scott, J.R., Avoiding labor problems during vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 1997. 40(3): p. 533–41.

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675. Segal, S., et al., Evaluation of breast stimulation for induction of labor in women with a prior cesarean section and in grandmultiparas. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 1995. 74(1): p. 40–1.

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676. Sela, H.Y., et al., Safety and efficacy of external cephalic version for women with a previous cesarean delivery. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2009. 142(2): p. 111–4.

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677. Sen, S., S. Malik, and S. Salhan, Ultrasonographic evaluation of lower uterine segment thickness in patients of previous cesarean section. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2004. 87(3): p. 215–9.

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678. Seow, K.M., et al., Cesarean scar pregnancy: issues in management. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2004. 23(3): p. 247–53.

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679. Seow, K.-M., et al., Subsequent pregnancy outcome after conservative treatment of a previous cesarean scar pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2004. 83(12): p. 1167–72.

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680. Shalev, E., et al., External cephalic version at term--using tocolysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 1993. 72(6): p. 455–7.

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681. Sheffield, J.S., et al., Valacyclovir prophylaxis to prevent recurrent herpes at delivery: a randomized clinical trial.[see comment][erratum appears in Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Sep;108(3 Pt 1):695]. Obstet Gynecol, 2006. 108(1): p. 141–7.

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682. Sheiner, E., et al., Identifying risk factors for peripartum cesarean hysterectomy. A population-based study. J Reprod Med, 2003. 48(8): p. 622–6.

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683. Sheiner, E., et al., Failed vacuum extraction. Maternal risk factors and pregnancy outcome. J Reprod Med, 2001. 46(9): p. 819–24.

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684. Sherrard, A., et al., Maternal anthropometric risk factors for caesarean delivery before or after onset of labour. Bjog, 2007. 114(9): p. 1088–96.

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685. Shihady, I.R., et al., Vaginal birth after cesarean: do California hospital policies follow national guidelines? J Reprod Med, 2007. 52(5): p. 349–58.

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686. Shin, Y.K., Shoulder pain in a trial of labor after cesarean delivery. South Med J, 1989. 82(10): p. 1320.

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687. Shipp, T.A., Maternal age as a predictor of symptomatic uterine rupture during a trial of labor after previous desarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2001. 184: p. S186.

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688. Shorten, A., et al., Making choices for childbirth: development and testing of a decision-aid for women who have experienced previous caesarean. Patient Educ Couns, 2004. 52(3): p. 307–13.

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689. Shorten, A., D.E. Lewis, and B. Shorten, Trial of labour versus elective repeat caesarean section: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Aust Health Rev, 1998. 21(1): p. 8–28.

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690. Shorten, A., et al., Making choices for childbirth: a randomized controlled trial of a decision-aid for informed birth after cesarean. Birth, 2005. 32(4): p. 252–61.

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691. Shukunami, K.-I., K. Nishijima, and F. Kotsuji, Re: Use of the Atad catheter for the induction of labour in women who have had a previous Caesarean section: a case series.[comment]. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 2006. 46(1): p. 70; author reply 70.

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692. Shy, K.K., J.P. LoGerfo, and L.E. Karp, Evaluation of elective repeat cesarean section as a standard of care: an application of decision analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1981. 139(2): p. 123–9.

Exclusion code: 4

693. Silberstein, T., et al., Routine revision of uterine scar after cesarean section: has it ever been necessary? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 1998. 78(1): p. 29–32.

Exclusion code: 4

694. Silver, R.K. and J. Minogue, When does a statistical fact become an ethical imperative? Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1987. 157(2): p. 229–33.

Exclusion code: 4

695. Simon, R. and D. Altman, Statistical aspects of prognostic factor studies in oncology. Br J Cancer, 1994. 69: p. 979–85.

Exclusion code: 4

696. Singh, P.M., C. Rodrigues, and A.N. Gupta, Placenta previa and previous cesarean section. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 1981. 60(4): p. 367–8.

Exclusion code: 10

697. Singhal, S.R., et al., Intrapartum posterior uterine wall rupture in lower segment cesarean section scarred uterus. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2005. 84(2): p. 196–7.

Exclusion code: 9

698. Skelly, H.R., A.M. Duthie, and R.H. Philpott, Rupture of the uterus: the preventable factors. Samj, S, 1976. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 50(13): p. 505–9.

Exclusion code: 10

699. Smith, G.C.S., Predicting antepartum stillbirth. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol, 2006. 18(6): p. 625–30.

Exclusion code: 5

700. Smith, G.C.S., J.P. Pell, and R. Dobbie, Caesarean section and risk of unexplained stillbirth in subsequent pregnancy. Lancet, 2003. 362(9398): p. 1779–84.

Exclusion code: 4

701. Smith, J.G. and D.C. Merrill, Oxytocin for induction of labor. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 2006. 49(3): p. 594–608.

Exclusion code: 6

702. Smith, J.G., H.L. Mertz, and D.C. Merrill, Identifying risk factors for uterine rupture. Clin Perinatol, 2008. 35(1): p. 85–99.

Exclusion code: 4

703. Sobande, A. and M. Eskandar, Multiple repeat caesarean sections: complications and outcomes. J Obstet Gynaecol Can, 2006. 28(3): p. 193–7.

Exclusion code: 8

704. Songane, F.F., et al., Balancing the risks of planned cesarean section and trial of vaginal delivery for the mature, selected, singleton breech presentation. J Perinat Med, 1987. 15(6): p. 531–43.

Exclusion code: 4

705. Spaulding, L.B. and D.G. Gallup, Current concepts of management of rupture of the gravid uterus. Obstet Gynecol, 1979. 54(4): p. 437–41.

Exclusion code: 7

706. Spellacy, W.N., et al., Neonatal seizures after cesarean delivery: higher risk with labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1987. 157(2): p. 377–9.

Exclusion code: 5

707. Spetz, J., M.W. Smith, and S.F. Ennis, Physician incentives and the timing of cesarean sections: evidence from California. Med Care, 2001. 39(6): p. 536–50.

Exclusion code: 6

708. Spurrett, B. and C.M. Cook, Why we choose caesarean section: a prospective study. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1997. 37(3): p. 297–300.

Exclusion code: 6

709. Stafford, R.S., The impact of nonclinical factors on repeat cesarean section. Jama, 1991. 265(1): p. 59–63.

Exclusion code: 6

710. Stalnaker, B.L., et al., Characteristics of successful claims for payment by the Florida Neurologic Injury Compensation Association Fund. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1997. 177(2): p. 268–71; discussion 271–3.

Exclusion code: 6

711. Stevenson, D.K., et al., Increased immunoreactive erythropoietin in cord plasma and neonatal bilirubin production in normal term infants after labor. Obstet Gynecol, 1986. 67 (1): p. 69–73.

Exclusion code: 7

712. Stone, J.L., et al., Use of cervical prostaglandin E2 gel in patients with previous cesarean section. Am J Perinatol, 1994. 11(4): p. 309–12.

Exclusion code: 5

713. Strong, T.H., Jr., et al., Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery in the twin gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1989. 161(1): p. 29–32.

Exclusion code: 5

714. Stubbs, T.M., Oxytocin for labor induction. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 2000. 43(3): p. 489–94.

Exclusion code: 6

715. Sumigama, S., et al., Placenta previa increta/percreta in Japan: a retrospective study of ultrasound findings, management and clinical course. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2007. 33(5): p. 606–11.

Exclusion code: 7

716. Sur, S. and I.Z. Mackenzie, Does discussion of possible scar rupture influence preferred mode of delivery after a caesarean section? J Obstet Gynaecol, 2005. 25(4): p. 338–41.

Exclusion code: 6

717. Sur, S., K.W. Murphy, and I.Z. Mackenzie, Delivery after caesarean section: consultant obstetricians' professional advice and personal preferences. J Obstet Gynaecol, 2009. 29(3): p. 212–6.

Exclusion code: 6

718. Swaim, L.S., C.S. Holste, and D.K. Waller, Umbilical cord blood pH after prior cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol, 1998. 92(3): p. 390–3.

Exclusion code: 5

719. Szczesny, W., et al., Bishop score and the outcome of labor induction with misoprostol. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2006. 85(5): p. 579–82.

Exclusion code: 5

720. Takayama, T., Risks associated with cesarean section in women with placenta previa. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 1997. 23: p. 375–9.

Exclusion code: 10

721. Tammelleo, A.D., Failure to "fully communicate": catastrophic results. Case in point: Baptist Medical Center v. Wilson 618 So. 2d 1335--AL (1993). Regan Rep Nurs Law, 1993. 34(3): p. 2.

Exclusion code: 9

722. Tan, P.C., R.N. Subramaniam, and S.Z. Omar, Predictors for caesarean delivery and neonatal admission after trial of labour in women with one previous lower segment caesarean scar. Singapore Med J, 2008. 49(3): p. 188–92.

Exclusion code: 8

723. Tan, P.C., R.N. Subramaniam, and S.Z. Omar, Trial of labor after one cesarean: role of the order and number of prior vaginal births on the risk of emergency cesarean delivery and neonatal admission. Taiwan, 2008. 47(3): p. 305–11.

Exclusion code: 5

724. Targett, C., Caesarean section and trial of scar. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1988. 28(4): p. 249–62.

Exclusion code: 10

725. Tatar, M., et al., Women's perceptions of caesarean section: reflections from a Turkish teaching hospital. Soc Sci Med, 2000. 50(9): p. 1227–33.

Exclusion code: 6

726. Taylor, V.M., et al., Placenta previa and prior cesarean delivery: how strong is the association? Obstet Gynecol, 1994. 84(1): p. 55–7.

Exclusion code: 5

727. To, W.W. and W.C. Leung, Placenta previa and previous cesarean section. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1995. 51(1): p. 25–31.

Exclusion code: 7

728. Tripathi, J.B., H.U. Doshi, and P.J. Kotdawala, Vaginal birth after one caesarean section: analysis of indicators of success. J Indian Med Assoc, 2006. 104(3): p. 113–5.

Exclusion code: 8

729. Tuggy, M.L., Uterine-vesicular rupture during trial of labor. J Am Board Fam Pract, 1995. 8(5): p. 405–9.

Exclusion code: 9

730. Tuncer, R., et al., Emergency postpartum hysterectomy. J Gynecol Surg, 1995. 11(4): p. 209–13.

Exclusion code: 5

731. Turner, M.J., Delivery after one previous cesarean section. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1997. 176(4): p. 741–4.

Exclusion code: 7

732. Turner, M.J., Uterine rupture. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 2002. 16(1): p. 69–79.

Exclusion code: 6

733. Turner, M.J.A., G. Agnew, and H. Langan, Uterine rupture after a previous Caesarean section. Ir Med J, 2005. 98(8): p. 229–30.

Exclusion code: 4

734. Turner, M.J.A., G. Agnew, and H. Langan, Uterine rupture and labour after a previous low transverse caesarean section. Bjog, 2006. 113(6): p. 729–32.

Exclusion code: 11

735. Turnquest, M.A., et al., Vaginal birth after cesarean section in a university setting. J Ky Med Assoc, 1994. 92(6): p. 216–21.

Exclusion code: 4

736. Tutschek, B., H.G. Bender, and W. Henrich, Silent uterine rupture during vaginal delivery successfully managed conservatively. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2005. 26(2): p. 199–200.

Exclusion code: 9

737. Udayasankar, V., R. Padmagirison, and F. Majoko, National survey of obstetricians in Wales regarding induction of labour in women with a previous caesarean section. J Obstet Gynaecol, 2008. 28(1): p. 48–50.

Exclusion code: 6

738. Udo-Inyang, A., C. Lee, and E. Evans, Gravid uterine rupture following cesarean section and intervening vaginal delivery. Henry Ford Hosp Med J, 1986. 34(3): p. 215–7.

Exclusion code: 9

739. Uppington, J., Epidural analgesia and previous Caesarean section. Anaesthesia, 1983. 38(4): p. 336–41.

Exclusion code: 9

740. Usta, I.M., et al., Placenta previa-accreta: risk factors and complications. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2005. 193(3 Pt 2): p. 1045–9.

Exclusion code: 4

741. Usta, I.M. and A.H. Nassar, Advanced maternal age. Part I: obstetric complications. Am J Perinatol, 2008. 25(8): p. 521–34.

Exclusion code: 5

742. van Amerongen, D., Vaginal birth after cesarean section in an HMO. Hmo Pract, 1989. 3(3): p. 104–7.

Exclusion code: 4

743. van Amerongen, D., Vaginal birth after cesarean section. Experience in a community-based practice. J Reprod Med, 1989. 34(8): p. 531–4.

Exclusion code: 4

744. Van Bogaert, L.J., The relation between height, foot length, pelvic adequacy and mode of delivery. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 1999. 82(2): p. 195–9.

Exclusion code: 7

745. van Bogaert, L.J., Mode of delivery after one cesarean section. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2004. 87(1): p. 9–13.

Exclusion code: 4

746. van Loon, A.J., et al., Randomised controlled trial of magnetic-resonance pelvimetry in breech presentation at term. Lancet, 1997. 350(9094): p. 1799–804.

Exclusion code: 5

747. van Roosmalen, J. and C.D. van der Does, Caesarean birth rates worldwide. A search for determinants. Trop Geogr Med, 1995. 47(1): p. 19–22.

Exclusion code: 6

748. Varner, M.W., et al., The Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit cesarean registry: trial of labor with a twin gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2005. 193(1): p. 135–40.

Exclusion code: 5

749. Varner, M.W., et al., Trial of labor after one previous cesarean delivery for multifetal gestation. Obstet Gynecol, 2007. 110(4): p. 814–9.

Exclusion code: 5

750. Vause, S. and M. Macintosh, Evidence based case report: use of prostaglandins to induce labour in women with a caesarean section scar. Bmj, 1999. 318(7190): p. 1056–8.

Exclusion code: 9

751. Veille, J.C., et al., Human umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms before and after regional anesthesia for cesarean section. Obstet Gynecol, 1988. 72(6): p. 890–3.

Exclusion code: 4

752. Vellekoop, J., E.A.M. Roell-Schorer, and J. van Roosmalen, Uterine scar rupture after a previous cesarean section and induction of labor with prostaglandins. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2006. 85(2): p. 132–4.

Exclusion code: 9

753. Veltman, L., Vaginal birth after cesarean checklist; an evidence-based approach to improving care during VBAC trials. J Healthc Risk Manag, 2009. 29(1): p. 22–7.

Exclusion code: 6

754. Vendittelli, F., et al., Is a breech presentation at term more frequent in women with a history of cesarean delivery? Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2008. 198(5): p. 521.e1–6.

Exclusion code: 5

755. Vengadasalam, D., Vaginal delivery following caesarean section. Singapore Med J, 1986. 27(5): p. 396–8.

Exclusion code: 4

756. Veridiano, N.P., N.S. Thorner, and J. Ducey, Vaginal delivery after cesarean section. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1989. 29(4): p. 307–11.

Exclusion code: 5

757. Wadhawan, S. and J.N. Narone, Outcome of labor following previous cesarean section. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1983. 21(1): p. 7–10.

Exclusion code: 8

758. Wagner, M., What every midwife should know about ACOG and VBAC. Critique of ACOG Practice Bulletin #5, July 1999, “Vaginal birth after previous cesarean section”. Midwifery Today Int Midwife, 2001(59): p. 41–3.

Exclusion code: 6

759. Wallace, D.H., et al., Indirect sonographic guidance for epidural anesthesia in obese pregnant patients. Reg Anesth, 1992. 17(4): p. 233–6.

Exclusion code: 6

760. Wareham, V., C. Bain, and D. Cruickshank, Caesarean section audit by peer review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 1993. 48(1): p. 9–14.

Exclusion code: 4

761. Warren, L., A revelation in birth--home VBAC. Midwifery Today Int Midwife, 2005(74): p. 40–1.

Exclusion code: 4

762. Wax, J.R., et al., Pregnancy following gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity: maternal and neonatal outcomes. Obes Surg, 2008. 18(5): p. 540–4.

Exclusion code: 7

763. Wax, J.R., et al., Twin vaginal birth after cesarean. Conn Med, 2000. 64(4): p. 205–8.

Exclusion code: 5

764. Wax, J.R., et al., Interpregnancy interval as a risk factor for placenta accreta. Conn Med, 2000. 64(11): p. 659–61.

Exclusion code: 5

765. Weeks, A., et al., Misoprostol for induction of labor with a live fetus. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2007. 99 Suppl 2: p. S194–7.

Exclusion code: 6

766. Weeks, J.W., T. Pitman, and J.A. Spinnato, 2nd, Fetal macrosomia: does antenatal prediction affect delivery route and birth outcome? Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1995. 173(4): p. 1215–9.

Exclusion code: 5

767. Weiss, J., A. Nannini, and L. Bartlett, Uterine rupture among women with a prior cesarean delivery. N Engl J Med, 2002. 346(2): p. 134–7.

Exclusion code: 6

768. Whiteman, M.K., et al., Incidence and determinants of peripartum hysterectomy. Obstet Gynecol, 2006. 108(6): p. 1486–92.

Exclusion code: 4

769. Whiteside, D.C., C.S. Mahan, and J.C. Cook, Factors associated with successful vaginal delivery after cesarean section. J Reprod Med, 1983. 28(11): p. 785–8.

Exclusion code: 7

770. Wilson, P.D., R.M. Herbison, and G.P. Herbison, Obstetric practice and the prevalence of urinary incontinence three months after delivery. Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 1996. 103(2): p. 154–61.

Exclusion code: 5

771. Windrim, R., Vaginal delivery in birth centre after previous caesarean section. Lancet, 2005. 365(9454): p. 106–7.

Exclusion code: 6

772. Wing, D.A. and C.A.L. Gaffaney, Vaginal misoprostol administration for cervical ripening and labor induction. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 2006. 49(3): p. 627–41.

Exclusion code: 4

773. Wing, D.A. and R.H. Paul, Vaginal birth after cesarean section: selection and management. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 1999. 42(4): p. 836–48.

Exclusion code: 6

774. Wood, S.L., et al., The risk of unexplained antepartum stillbirth in second pregnancies following caesarean section in the first pregnancy. Bjog, 2008. 115(6): p. 726–31.

Exclusion code: 7

775. Woods, J.R., Jr., et al., The effect of labor on maternal and fetal vitamins C and E. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2002. 187(5): p. 1179–83.

Exclusion code: 5

776. Yamani, T.Y. and A.A. Rouzi, Induction of labor with vaginal prostaglandin-E2 in grand multiparous women with one previous cesarean section. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1999. 65(3): p. 251–3.

Exclusion code: 8

777. Yamani Zamzami, T.Y., Indication of emergency peripartum hysterectomy: review of 17 cases. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2003. 268(3): p. 131–5.

Exclusion code: 8

778. Yamani Zamzami, T.Y., Vaginal birth after cesarean section in grand multiparous women. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2004. 270(1): p. 21–4.

Exclusion code: 8

779. Yamani-Zamzami, T.Y., Delivery outcomes at term after one previous cesarean section. Saudi Med J, 2007. 28(12): p. 1845–9.

Exclusion code: 8

780. Yang, J.I., et al., Sonographic findings of placental lacunae and the prediction of adherent placenta in women with placenta previa totalis and prior Cesarean section. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2006. 28(2): p. 178–82.

Exclusion code: 4

781. Yang, Y.T., et al., Relationship between malpractice litigation pressure and rates of cesarean section and vaginal birth after cesarean section. Med Care, 2009. 47(2): p. 234–42.

Exclusion code: 6

782. Yangzom, Y., et al., Outcome of hospital deliveries of women living at high altitude: a study from Lhasa in Tibet. Acta Paediatr, 2008. 97(3): p. 317–21.

Exclusion code: 8

783. Yap, O.W., E.S. Kim, and R.K. Laros, Jr., Maternal and neonatal outcomes after uterine rupture in labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2001. 184(7): p. 1576–81.

Exclusion code: 10

784. Yasumizu, T., et al., Trial of vaginal birth following cesarean section for arrest disorders of labor: analysis of patients with well-documented medical records. Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol, 1994. 20(4): p. 407–13.

Exclusion code: 7

785. Yeh, S., X. Huang, and J.P. Phelan, Postterm pregnancy after previous cesarean section. J Reprod Med, 1984. 29(1): p. 41–4.

Exclusion code: 10

786. Yogev, Y., et al., Induction of labor with vaginal prostaglandin E2. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2003. 14(1): p. 30–4.

Exclusion code: 7

787. Yu, C.K.H., T.G. Teoh, and S. Robinson, Obesity in pregnancy. Bjog, 2006. 113(10): p. 1117–25.

Exclusion code: 6

788. Yudkin, P.L. and C.W. Redman, Caesarean section dissected, 1978–1983. Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 1986. 93(2): p. 135–44.

Exclusion code: 7

789. Zagorzycki, M.T. and C.R. Brinkman, 3rd, The effect of general and epidural anesthesia upon neonatal Apgar scores in repeat cesarean section. Surg Gynecol Obstet, 1982. 155(5): p. 641–5.

Exclusion code: 7

790. Zaideh, S.M., A.T. Abu-Heija, and M.F. El-Jallad, Placenta praevia and accreta: analysis of a two-year experience. Gynecol Obstet Invest, 1998. 46(2): p. 96–8.

Exclusion code: 8

791. Zaki, Z.M., et al., Risk factors and morbidity in patients with placenta previa accreta compared to placenta previa non-accreta. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 1998. 77(4): p. 391–4.

Exclusion code: 8

792. Zhang, J. and D.A. Savitz, Maternal age and placenta previa: a population-based, case-control study. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1993. 168(2): p. 641–5.

Exclusion code: 4

793. Zhuang, Y.L., et al., [Treatment of pregnancy in a previous caesarean section scar with uterine artery embolization: analysis of 60 cases]. Zhonghua yi xue za zhi, 2008. 88(33): p. 2372–4.

Exclusion code: 8

794. Ziadeh, S.M. and A.T. Abu-Heija, Duration of labor in patients delivered vaginally after one previous lower segment cesarean section. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1994. 45(3): p. 213–5.

Exclusion code: 8

795. Ziadeh, S.M., M.R. Zakaria, and E.I. Sunna, Obstetric uterine rupture in north Jordan. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 1996. 22(3): p. 209–13.

Exclusion code: 8

796. Zorlu, C.G., et al., Vaginal birth following unmonitored labor in patients with prior cesarean section. Gynecol Obstet Invest, 1996. 42(4): p. 222–6.

Exclusion code: 4

797. Zweifler, J., et al., Vaginal birth after cesarean in California: before and after a change in guidelines. Ann Fam Med, 2006. 4(3): p. 228–34.

Exclusion code: 7

Studies excluded by specific topics of interest

Trial of labor and vaginal birth after cesarean rates:

Studies were excluded from the trial of labor and vaginal birth after cesarean rates sections for various reasons, these include: limited population that was not comparable to others included, poor quality studies, examined the same group of cohort as included studies, studies were not specific about all who was eligible for a trial of labor.

1. Blanchette, H., et al., Is vaginal birth after cesarean safe? Experience at a community hospital. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2001. 184(7): p. 1478-84; discussion 1484-7.

2. Bujold, E., et al., Modified Bishop's score and induction of labor in patients with a previous cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2004. 191(5): p. 1644–8.

3. Cahill, A.G., et al., Is vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) or elective repeat cesarean safer in women with a prior vaginal delivery? Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2006. 195(4): p. 1143–7.

4. Carroll, C.S., Sr., et al., Vaginal birth after cesarean section versus elective repeat cesarean delivery: Weight-based outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2003. 188(6): p. 1516–20; discussion 1520–2.

5. Chauhan, S.P., et al., Mode of delivery for the morbidly obese with prior cesarean delivery: vaginal versus repeat cesarean section. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2001. 185(2): p. 349–54.

6. Gibson, D.H., Vaginal delivery after caesarean section in primigravidae. Ir J Med Sci, 1988. 157(9): p. 290–2.

7. Gonen, R., et al., Variables associated with successful vaginal birth after one cesarean section: a proposed vaginal birth after cesarean section score. Am J Perinatol, 2004. 21(8): p. 447–53.

8. Grobman, W.A., et al., Pregnancy outcomes for women with placenta previa in relation to the number of prior cesarean deliveries. Obstet Gynecol, 2007. 110(6): p. 1249–55.

9. Heddleston, L.N. and W.J. Watson, Vaginal birth after cesarean section in a small hospital. Mil Med, 1991. 156(5): p. 239–40.

10. Kabir, A.A., et al., Racial differences in cesareans: an analysis of U.S. 2001 National Inpatient Sample Data.[see comment][erratum appears in Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Jun;105(6):1495]. Obstet Gynecol, 2005. 105(4): p. 710–8.

11. King, D.E. and K. Lahiri, Socioeconomic factors and the odds of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Jama, 1994. 272(7): p. 524–9.

12. Landon, M.B., et al., Maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with a trial of labor after prior cesarean delivery. N Engl J Med, 2004. 351(25): p. 2581–9.

13. Leung, A.S., E.K. Leung, and R.H. Paul, Uterine rupture after previous cesarean delivery: maternal and fetal consequences. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1993. 169(4): p. 945–50.

14. Melnikow, J., et al., Vaginal birth after cesarean in California. Obstet Gynecol, 2001. 98(3): p. 421–6.

15. Mercer, B.M., et al., Labor outcomes with increasing number of prior vaginal births after cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol, 2008. 111(2 Pt 1): p. 285–91.

16. Montgomery, A.A., et al., Two decision aids for mode of delivery among women with previous caesarean section: randomised controlled trial. Bmj, 2007. 334(7607): p. 1305.

17. Paterson, C.M. and N.J. Saunders, Mode of delivery after one caesarean section: audit of current practice in a health region. Bmj, 1991. 303(6806): p. 818–21.

18. Paul, R.H., J.P. Phelan, and S.Y. Yeh, Trial of labor in the patient with a prior cesarean birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1985. 151(3): p. 297–304.

19. Peaceman, A.M., et al., The MFMU Cesarean Registry: impact of fetal size on trial of labor success for patients with previous cesarean for dystocia. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2006. 195(4): p. 1127–31.

20. Quinones, J.N., et al., The effect of prematurity on vaginal birth after cesarean delivery: success and maternal morbidity. Obstet Gynecol, 2005. 105(3): p. 519–24.

21. Rudick, V., et al., Epidural analgesia for planned vaginal delivery following previous cesarean section. Obstet Gynecol, 1984. 64(5): p. 621–3.

22. Shorten, A., et al., Making choices for childbirth: a randomized controlled trial of a decision-aid for informed birth after cesarean. Birth, 2005. 32(4): p. 252–61.

23. Srinivas, S.K., et al., Predicting failure of a vaginal birth attempt after cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol, 2007. 109(4): p. 800–5.

24. Stone, C., et al., Vaginal births after Caesarean (VBAC): a population study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 2000. 14(4): p. 340–8.

25. van der Walt, W.A., H.S. Cronje, and R.H. Bam, Vaginal delivery after one cesarean section. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1994. 46(3): p. 271–7.

Uterine rupture

Studies not using the anatomical definition, defined as: complete uterine rupture – separation through the entire thickness of the wall including visceral serosa (with or without extrusion of part of all of fetal-placental unit). The following studies were excluded from the risk of uterine rupture section of the report because they did not use this definition.

1. Amir, W., J. Peter, and Z. Etan, Trial of labor without oxytocin in patients with a previous cesarean section. Am J Perinatol, 1987. 4(2): p. 140–3.

2. Bais, J.M., et al., Vaginal birth after caesarean section in a population with a low overall caesarean section rate. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2001. 96(2): p. 158–62.

3. Blanchette, H., et al., Is vaginal birth after cesarean safe? Experience at a community hospital. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2001. 184(7): p. 1478-84; discussion 1484–7.

4. Bujold, E., S.C. Blackwell, and R.J. Gauthier, Cervical ripening with transcervical foley catheter and the risk of uterine rupture. Obstet Gynecol, 2004. 103(1): p. 18–23.

5. Bujold, E., et al., The impact of a single-layer or double-layer closure on uterine rupture. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2002. 186(6): p. 1326–30.

6. Eglinton, G.S., et al., Outcome of a trial of labor after prior cesarean delivery. J Reprod Med, 1984. 29(1): p. 3–8.

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