NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
Rostom A, Dubé C, Cranney A, et al. Celiac Disease. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2004 Sep. (Evidence Reports/Technology Assessments, No. 104.)
This publication is provided for historical reference only and the information may be out of date.
Data Assessment Forms
Level 1 Screening
Objective 1:
- Does this refer to determining the sensitivity or specificity of one of the following tests for celiac disease? (biopsy, anti-htTG, anti-endomysial, anti-gliadin antibody, anti-gliadin antibody, HLA DQ2/DQ8).
- This citation refers to another objective and should be moved or copied
- No (move on to next citation)
- Yes
- Can't tell
Objective 2:
- Does this refer to the prevalence or incidence of celiac disease?
- This citation refers to another objective and should be moved or copied
- No (move on to next citation)
- Yes
- Can't tell
Objective 3:
- Does this refer to an association between celiac and GI lymphoma?
- This citation refers to another objective and should be moved or copied
- No (move on to next citation)
- Yes
- Can't tell
Objective 4:
- Does this refer to expected consequences of testing for celiac disease
- This citation refers to another objective and should be moved or copied
- No (move on to next citation)
- Yes
- Can't tell
Objective 5:
- Does this refer to identifying or assessing interventions for promoting or monitoring adherence to a gluten free diet?
- This citation refers to another objective and should be moved or copied
- No (move on to next citation)
- Yes
- Can't tell
Level 2 Screening
Objective 1:
- Does this refer specifically to determining the sensitivity or specificity of one of the identified tests for celiac disease? Note: for biopsy and HLA, we may not see sensitivity or specificity - keep if you can get data on use as diagnostic test or accuracy as a test or if it distinguishes celiac from other diseases etc.
- Yes. If this citation also refers to another objective(s), please state objective number(s):
- No. If this citation refers to another objective(s), please state objective number(s): (move on to next citation)
- Is this a review article?
- Yes (keep for references)
- No
- What is the test(s) being studied? (Note: we are not interested in any other type of test!)
- Biopsy
- Anti-htTG
- Anti-endomysial antibody (EMA)
- Anti-gliadin antibody (AGA)
- HLA DQ2/DQ8 (note: we are not interested in pathophysiology does the article give data using HLA to distinguish celiac from non celiac)
- If none of above then - reject citation
- What is the “gold standard” the test(s) is compared to?
- Biopsy
- Anti-htTG
- Anti-endomysial antibody (EMA)
- Anti-gliadin antibody (AGA)
- HLA DQ2/DQ8
- Other (list in box)
- What is the patient population?
- Adults
- Paediatric
- General unselected
- Specific ethnic groups (fill in box)
- Patients with suspected celiac (symptomatic)
- Patients at risk of celiac disease (asymptomatic - relatives of celiac, diabetes, Fe Diff, infertility, osteoporosis, short stature)
- Other (fill in box)
Objective 2:
- Does this refer specifically to the prevalence or incidence of celiac disease? Please remember we are only really interested in the incidence / prevalence of celiac in population X or disease X NOT vice verse.
- Yes.
- No. Exclude
- No. But this referrers to an association between celiac and another disease to state in background /discussion
- Is this a review article?
- Yes (keep for references)
- No
- Does the prevalence or incidence refer to:
- Classical celiac
- Atypical celiac (i.e., Fe diff, infertility, short stature, osteoporosis)
- Asymptomatic celiac
- Other or (fill in box)
- What is the patient population that was tested?
- Unselected - general population (e.g., blood donors, routine physical etc)
- Patients with suspected celiac
- Relatives of celiac patients
- Iron deficiency
- Osteoporosis
- Short stature
- Infertility
- Other (fill in box)
- What was the screening test(s) used?
- Biopsy
- Anti-htTG
- Anti-endomysial antibody (EMA)
- Anti-gliadin antibody (AGA)
- HLA DQ2/DQ8
- Other (fill in box)
- What is the country/region of origin of the study (fill in box)?
Objective 3:
- Does this refer specifically to an association between celiac and GI lymphoma?
- Yes
- No. Exclude
- Is this a review article?
- Yes (keep for references)
- No
- Does this give data on the risk of developing GI lymphoma in celiac?
- Yes
- No
- What is the country/region of origin of the study? (fill in box)
- What celiac population was evaluated?
- Classical celiac
- Atypical celiac (i.e., fe dif, infertility, short stature, osteoporosis)
- Asymptomatic celiac
- Other (fill in box)
Objective 4:
- Does this refer specifically to expected consequences of testing for celiac disease?
- Yes
- No. Exclude
- Is this a review article?
- Yes (keep for references)
- No
- What consequences were assessed:
- False-positive results
- Follow-up testing
- Invasive procedures (biopsy)
- Costs
- Cases diagnosed
- Patients complying with treatment
- Response to treatment
- Clinical outcome (reduced risk of complication etc)
- Other (fill in box)
- What is the country/region of origin of the study? (fill in box)
- What is the patient population that was tested?
- Unselected - general population (e.g., blood donors, routine physical, etc.)
- Patients with symptoms suggestive of celiac.
- Asymptomatic at risk populations (relatives of celiac patients, iron deficiency, osteoporosis, infertility short, stature)
- Other (fill in box).
Objective 5:
- Does this specifically refer to identifying or assessing an intervention(s) for promoting or monitoring adherence to a gluten free diet?
- Yes
- No. Exclude
- Is this a review article?
- Yes (keep for references)
- No
- Does this refer to:
- Promoting adherence
- Monitoring adherence
- Both
- What intervention was assessed? (If monitoring adherence)
- Biopsy
- Antibody testing
- What intervention was used? (If promoting adherence) - fill in box
Level 3 Screening
Celiac 1: Sensitivity and specificity of screening tests:
Inclusion criteria: (a No answer to any of the below excludes the article)
- For serology - the study publication date is 1990 or more recent (biopsy studies can be earlier)
- Yes (include)
- No (exclude)
- For AGA - the studies uses a standardized commercial ELISA kit (or this study is testing such a kit or technique)
- Yes (include)
- No (exclude)
- For EMA - the substrate is monkey esophagus or human umbilical cord
- Yes (include)
- No (exclude)
- For tTG - study uses ELISA with the substrate for tTG being guinea pig or human recombinant tTG.
- Yes (include)
- No (exclude)
- For any serology and HLA studies - the control group(s) are appropriate and controls evaluated with the reference test (i.e., biopsy)?
- Yes (include)
- No (exclude)
- The paper allows for the extraction of the sensitivity or specificity of the test in question (AGA, EMA, tTG, HLA DQ2/8, biopsy)?
- Yes (include)
- No (exclude)
- Was the diagnosis of celiac disease appropriate in the celiac disease group
- Yes (include)
- No (exclude)
Celiac 2: Prevalence and incidence of celiac disease:
Inclusion Criteria: (a No answer to any of the below excludes the article)
- The country of origin must be Western Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand.
- Yes (include)
- No (exclude)
- The publication date was >= 1990 if serology was used to screen (but can be earlier for biopsy)
- Yes (include)
- No (exclude)
- The screening test was biopsy, standardized ELISA AGA, EMA (monkey esophagus or human umbilical cord), tTG (guinea pig, or human recombinant)
- Yes (include)
- No (exclude)
- The screened population must belong to one of these groups:
- Unselected - General population (e.g. Blood donors, routine physical etc)
- Patients with suspected celiac
- Relatives of celiac patients
- Iron deficiency
- Osteoporosis
- Diabetes
- Yes (include)
- No (exclude)
Celiac 3: Prevalence/incidence of lymphoma in celiac disease
- Does this study specifically give the incidence, prevalence or a measure of risk of GI lymphoma (Includes malignant histiocytosis) in a population of celiac patients? (Note: we are not interested in other cancers, and we are not interested in how many lymphoma patients have celiac disease)ORDoes this study discuss ulcerative jejuno-ileitis or refractory sprue as a precursor or marker for GI lymphoma in patients with celiac disease?
- Yes (include lymphoma)
- Yes (include jejuno-ileitis/refractory sprue)
- No (exclude)
Celiac 4: Consequences of testing for celiac disease
- Does this paper report a consequence of testing for celiac listed below: (note: false positive, and negative results, follow-up testing and need for invasive testing is obtained from Celiac 1 objective)
- Costs
- Patients complying with treatment
- Response to treatment - i.e., clinical outcome (reduced risk of complication - osteoporosis, lymphoma, anemia, symptoms)
- Yes (include)
- No (exclude)
- Did the population include one of the following (note: nothing more than listed):
- Patients with symptoms suggestive of celiac disease
- Asymptomatic, at-risk populations (affected family members, patients with type 1 diabetes, osteoporosis, Fe Diff)
- General population
- Yes (include)
- No (exclude)
a No to either question excludes the study
Celiac 5: Monitoring or promoting adherence to a GFD
If a monitoring question:
Does this paper report monitoring adherence based on serology (standardized ELISA AGA publication date >= 1990, EMA (monkey esophagus or human umbilical cord), tTG (guinea pig, or human recombinant) or biopsy?
If this is a study of sensitivity or specificity - it must include actual extractable follow-up data (like drop in titre or improvement in biopsy)
OR
If a promoting adherence question:
Does this paper report on an intervention that was used to promote adherence to Gluten free diet?
- Yes (include promoting)
- Yes (include Monitoring)
- No (exclude)
Data Abstraction Forms
Celiac 1: Serology
- Paper #:
- Title:
- Author/year:
- Reference:
- Reviewer:
- Publication type:
- Journal
- Conference abstract
- Other:
- Is this a duplicate publication (state refid of duplicate):
- Study type:
- Relevant clinical population: (cases and controls defined from the population based on the results of the test under study)
- Case Control: (groups are predefined and may come from different populations):
- Other: (list)
- Country:
- Racial Groups and % if different from country: list in box
- Group demographics
Celiac Control Group 1 Group 2 Group 1 group 2 group 3 group 4 Group name Age groups Mean age Age range % female Gluten intake - Type of population (applies to 8 a): (from level 2 database)
- Unselected - general population (e.g., blood donors, routine physical, etc.)
- Patients with suspected celiac
- Relatives of celiac patients
- Diabetes
- Iron deficiency
- Osteoporosis
- Other (fill in box): not part of extraction - background / discussion only
- Case and control group types (applies to 8 b):
- Celiac group 1
- Untreated
- Classic
- Silent celiac
- Atypical celiac
- Other
- Treated On GFD
- Refractory (implies on GFD) / ulcerative jejuno-ileitis
- Other/can't tell: text box
- Celiac group 2 - if applicable
- Untreated
- Classic
- Silent celiac
- Atypical celiac
- Other
- Treated on GFD
- Refractory (implies on GFD) / ulcerative jejuno-ileitis
- Other/can't tell: text boxNote: Control groups must have had a negative biopsy otherwise should have been excluded at level 3
- Control group 1:
- Unselected - general population (e.g., blood donors, routine physical, etc.)
- Patients with suspected celiac
- Relatives of celiac patients
- Diabetes
- Iron deficiency
- Osteoporosis
- Other disease controls
- Other (fill in box):
- Control group 2 (if applicable):
- Unselected - general population (e.g., blood donors, routine physical, etc.)
- Patients with suspected celiac
- Relatives of celiac patients
- Diabetes
- Iron deficiency
- Osteoporosis
- Other disease controls
- Other (fill in box):
- Control group 3 (if applicable):
- Unselected - general population (e.g., blood donors, routine physical, etc)
- Patients with suspected celiac
- Relatives of celiac patients
- Diabetes
- Iron deficiency
- Osteoporosis
- Other disease controls
- Other (fill in box):
- Control group 4 (if applicable):
- Unselected - general population (e.g., blood donors, routine physical, etc.)
- Patients with suspected celiac
- Relatives of celiac patients
- Diabetes
- Iron deficiency
- Osteoporosis
- Other disease controls
- Other (fill in box):
- Reference test(s) for cases (i.e., how was celiac diagnosed):
- Biopsy (required):
- endoscopic
- capsule
- list type: text box
- how many samples taken (text box)
- Serology (check as many as applicable)
- AGA (date >1990)
- EMA
- tTG
- Comments:
- What test was conducted first
- Biopsy
- Serology
- Simultaneous
- Mixed
- Unsure/other: comment in box
- Reference test for control (s) 1-----2-----3-----4
- Include biopsy (required)
- Otherwise excluded
- Detail biopsy criteria used to define celiac (ESPGAN, Marsh, Rostami) and state what grades were used (i.e., Marsh I and above? etc.)
- Was IgA deficiency assessed (if applicable):
- Yes
- No
- N/A
- Comments: text box)
- Overall number:
- Number of:
- Cases 1
- Cases 2 (if applicable):
- Control group 1:
- Control group 2 (if applicable):
- Control group 3 (if applicable):
- Control group 4 (if applicable):
- Intervention: ( may be up to 8+ tests studied - distinguish IgG from IgA )
Results (4×4 table) Test name Methodology Cut-off (criteria) Group a b c d - Stated results if raw data not given:
Test name Sensitivity Specificity PPV NPV Prevalence - Comments regarding study: test box
Notes for reference:
Test name can be:
- Anti-htTG
- Anti-endomysial antibody (EMA)
- Anti-gliadin antibody (AGA)
Calculate automatically
- Prevalence: (a+c)/(a+b+c+d)
- Sensitivity: (a/(a+c));
- Specificity: d/(b+d);
- PPV: a/(a+b)
- NPV: d/(c+d)
Celiac 1: HLA
- Paper #:
- Title:
- Author/year:
- Reference:
- Reviewer:
- Publication type:
- Journal
- Conference abstract
- Other:
- Is this a duplicate publication (state refid of duplicate):
- Country:
- Racial groups and % if different from country: list in box
- Age groups (ped, adult, both):
- Mean age:
- Range of age:
- Percent female:
- Study type:
- d. Relevant clinical population: (cases and controls defined from the population based on the results of the test under study)
- e. Case control: (groups are predefined and may come from different populations:
- f. Cross-sectional screening study
- g. Other: (list)
- Type of population (applies to 14 a, c):
- Unselected - general population (e.g., blood donors, routine physical etc)
- Patients with suspected celiac
- Relatives of celiac patients
- Diabetes
- Iron deficiency
- Osteoporosis
- Other (fill in box): not part of extraction - background / discussion only
- Case and control group types (applies to 14b):
- h. Celiac group 1
- Untreated
- Classic
- Silent celiac
- Atypical celiac
- Other
- Treated on GFD
- Refractory (implies on GFD) / ulcerative jejuno-ileitis
- Other/can't tell: text box Celiac group 2
- i. Celiac group 2 - if applicable
- Untreated
- Classic
- Silent celiac
- Atypical celiac
- Other
- Treated on GFD
- Refractory (implies on GFD) / ulcerative jejuno-ileitis
- Other/can't tell: text boxNote: Control groups must have had a negative biopsy otherwise should have been excluded at level 3
- j. Control group 1:
- Unselected - general population (e.g., blood donors, routine physical, etc.)
- Patients with suspected celiac
- Relatives of celiac patients
- Diabetes
- Iron deficiency
- Osteoporosis
- Other disease controls
- Other (fill in box):
- k. Control group 2 (if applicable):
- Unselected - general population (e.g., blood donors, routine physical, etc.)
- Patients with suspected celiac
- Relatives of celiac patients
- Diabetes
- Iron deficiency
- Osteoporosis
- Other disease controls
- Other (fill in box):
- l. Control group 3 (if applicable):
- Unselected - general population (e.g., blood donors, routine physical, etc.)
- Patients with suspected celiac
- Relatives of celiac patients
- Diabetes
- Iron deficiency
- Osteoporosis
- Other disease controls
- Other (fill in box):
- m. Control group 4 (if applicable):
- Unselected - general population (e.g., blood donors, routine physical, etc.)
- Patients with suspected celiac
- Relatives of celiac patients
- Diabetes
- Iron deficiency
- Osteoporosis
- Other disease controls
- Other (fill in box):
- Reference test for cases
- n. Biopsy:
- endoscopic
- capsule
- list type: text box
- o. Serology (check as many as applicable)
- AGA (date >1990)
- EMA
- tTG
- Reference test for control 1-----2------3-----4
- p. Biopsy
- q. Serology (list)
- r. Can't tell
- Overall number:
- Number of:
- s. Cases 1
- t. Cases 2 (if applicable):
- u. Control group 1:
- v. Control group 2 (if applicable):
- w. Control group 3 (if applicable):
- x. Control group 4 (if applicable):
- HLA tested
Results (4×4 table) Test name Methodology Cut-off (criteria) Group a b c d - Stated results if raw data not given:
Test name Sensitivity Specificity PPV NPV Prevalence - Narrative result if data not extractable: text box
- Comments regarding study: text box
Celiac 2: Prevalence and Incidence of Celiac Disease
- Paper #:
- Title:
- Author/year:
- Reference:
- Reviewer:Patient population:
- Publication type:
- Journal
- Conference abstract
- Etc (your list)
- Is this a duplicated: list refid
- Study type:
- Cross-sectional prevalence
- Cohort
- Case control
- Incidence study
- Other: (list)
- Country:
- Racial groups and % if different from country: list in box
- Type of patients screened:
- Unselected - general population (e.g., blood donors, routine physical etc)
- Patients with suspected celiac
- Relatives of celiac patients
- Diabetes
- Iron deficiency
- Osteoporosis
- Other (fill in box): not part of extraction - background / discussion only
- Age groups (ped, adult or both): from level 2 database
- Mean age:
- Range of age:
- Percent female:Intervention:
Results Test name Methodology # screened Cases detected Incidence (time period) Prevalence Note: distinguish IgG from IgA. Also the screen may be single test, or combination of tests. So list each strategy used as a “test name” - State control reference and methodology of incidence study: (fill in box)
- Confirmatory test
- None
- Biopsy
- Other serology
- Other: fill in box
- Was IgA deficiency assessed (if applicable):
- Yes
- No
- N/A
- Comments: (text box)
- Comments about study: text box
Celiac 3: Lymphoma
- Paper #:
- Title:
- Author/year:
- Reference:
- Reviewer:
- Publication type:
- Journal
- Conference abstract
- Etc (your list)
- Study type:
- Cross-sectional prevalence
- Case series
- Cohort
- Prospective
- Retrospective
- Case control
- Other: (list)
- Country: from level 2 database
- Racial groups and % if different from country: list in box
- Study population type(s) - this is the population of “lymphoma” in case control OR the overall population in a screening/prevalence study and cohort studies: Check multiple if study included different populations
- Classic celiac:
- Treated celiac
- Untreated celiac
- Non-compliant
- Unclear about treatment
- Asymptomatic (silent celiac)
- Atypical celiac (found on basis of
- Latent celiac (normal histology)
- Refractory celiac
- Ulcerative jejuno-ileitis
- Other celiac complications
- Patients on Immunosuppression:
- Other:
- How were celiac patients identified (text box)
- How were cases of lymphoma identified? (i.e., registry, administrative database, etc.) text box
- Group demographics
Overall population study type a, b, c Case group Control group Age groups Mean age Age range % female Disease duration - For case control study:
- Control population type (those without lymphoma)
- Unselected general population
- Other disease controls: state disease(s)
- A celiac population
- Classic celiac:
- Treated celiac
- Untreated celiac
- Non-compliant
- Unclear about treatment
- Asymptomatic (silent celiac)
- Atypical celiac (found on basis of
- Latent celiac (normal histology)
- Refractory celiac
- Ulcerative jejuno-ileitis
- Other celiac complications
- Patients on immunosuppression:
- # of cases:
- # of controls:
- Risk factor used to calculate odds ratio
- Celiac itself
- classic
- refractory
- ulcerative jejuno-ileitis
- Compliance with diet
- Disease duration
- Other: state in text box
- Raw data (if possible)Table for case control study
Risk factor Lymphoma present Lymphoma absent Present Absent
- For cohort study
- f. Length of F/U of cohort:
- g. Timeline:
- iii. Prospective cohort
- iv. Retrospective cohort:
- h. Risk factor used to calculate Relative Risk if one population used
- v. Celiac itself
- classic
- atypical
- silent
- refractory
- ulcerative jejuno-ileitis
- vi. Compliance with diet
- vii. Disease duration
- viii. Other: state in text box
- i. If a celiac cohort was compared to another population to obtain another risk estimate (i.e., standardized mortality or morbidity ratios). Describe control population.
- ix. Unselected general population
- x. Other disease controls: state disease(s)
- xi. A celiac population
- Classic celiac:
- Treated celiac
- Untreated celiac
- Non-compliant
- Unclear about treatment
- Asymptomatic (silent celiac)
- Atypical celiac (found on basis of
- Latent celiac (normal histology)
- Refractory celiac
- Ulcerative jejuno-ileitis
- Other celiac complications
- xii. Patients on immunosuppression
- xiii. Other: (fill in text box)
- j. Overall number in cohort:
- xiv. Number of cases identified:
- k. Number in control population (if applicable)
- xv. Number of lymphomas identified
- xvi. Raw data if available:
- Table for classic cohort study
Risk factor Lymphoma present Lymphoma absent Present Absent - For cross sectional studies: study population in Q #10
- l. Overall number screened:
- m. Number of cases identified:
- Results (text boxes)
- n. Lymphoma type
- o. Prevalence of lymphoma in celiac:
- p. Incidence of lymphoma in celiac:
- q. Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)
- r. Relative risk (95% confidence interval):
- s. Standardized mortality ratio
- t. Standardized morbidity ratio
- u. Other risk estimate:
- Study comments:
Celiac 4: Consequences of Testing
- Paper #:
- Title:
- Author/year:
- Reference:
- Reviewer:Patient population:
- Publication type:
- Journal
- Conference abstract
- Etc (your list)
- Study type:
- Diagnostic test
- Cross-sectional prevalence
- Cohort
- Case control
- Other: (list)
- Country: from level 2 database
- Racial groups and % if different from country: list in box
- Type of patients tested (from level 2 database)
- Unselected - general population (e.g., blood donors, routine physical, etc.)
- Patients with suspected celiac
- Relatives of celiac patients
- Diabetes
- Iron deficiency
- Osteoporosis
- Other (fill in box):
- Type of celiac patients identified:
- Classic celiac
- Asymptomatic
- Atypical celiac
- Fe deficiency
- Osteoporosis
- Other
- Complicated celiac
- Refractory
- Jejuno-ileitis
- Lymphoma)
- Other
- Intervention:
- Test(s) used to identify celiac patients:
- Biopsy
- AGA ELISA (publication date >1990)
- AMA
- tTG:
- Was IgA deficiency assessed (if applicable):
- Yes
- No
- N/A
- Comments: text box)
- Length of F/U:
- How were patients followed (if applicable): test box
- Outcomes:
Outcome Result Notes Costs Cases diagnosed Patients complying with treatment Response to treatment Clinical outcome (reduced risk of complication, etc) Other (fill in box) - Comments regarding study: Fill in text box
Celiac 5: Promoting and Monitoring Adherence to Gluten-Free Diet
- Paper #:
- Title:
- Author/year:
- Reference:
- Reviewer:Patient population:
- Publication type:
- Journal
- Conference abstract
- Etc (your list)
- Study type:
- Diagnostic test
- Cross-sectional prevalence
- Cohort
- Case control
- Other: (list)
- Country: from level 2 database
- Racial groups and % if different from country: list in box
- Age groups (ped, adult, both): from level 2 database
- Mean age:
- Range of age:
- Percent female:
- Disease duration: state in box
- Type of celiac studied
- Classic celiac
- Asymptomatic celiac
- Atypical celiac (Fe deficiency, osteoporosis, etc.)
- Refractory celiac
- Ulcerative jejuno-ileitis
- IgA deficient celiac
- Other:
- Does this refer to:
- Promoting adherence
- Monitoring adherence
- Both
- What intervention was assessed? (if monitoring adherence)
Result (normalization of biopsy or drop in antibody titres - list result details) Biopsy Antibody testing (state test used) Other: - Did this study determine the sensitivity/specificity of the intervention during follow-up or with different histologic grades:
- No
- Yes: detail in text box
- Was IgA deficiency assessed (if applicable):
- Yes
- No
- N/A
- Comments: text box
- What intervention was used? (if promoting adherence) - fill in box
Intervention Result Comments about the study: fill in text box
- Appendix C. Data Assessment and Data Abstraction Forms - Celiac DiseaseAppendix C. Data Assessment and Data Abstraction Forms - Celiac Disease
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