Epileptic seizure types and precipitating stimuli for reflex seizures 3
| Self-limited seizure types |
| Generalized seizures |
| Tonic-clonic seizures (includes variations beginning with a clonic or myoclonic phase) |
| Clonic seizures |
| Without tonic features |
| With tonic features |
| Typical absence seizures |
| Atypical absence seizures |
| Myoclonic absence seizures |
| Tonic seizures |
| Spasms |
| Myoclonic seizures |
| Eyelid myoclonia |
| Without absences |
| With absences |
| Myoclonic atonic seizures |
| Negative myoclonus |
| Atonic seizures |
| Reflex seizures in generalized epilepsy syndromes |
| Focal seizures |
| Focal sensory seizures |
| With elementary sensory symptoms (e.g., occipital and parietal lobe seizures) |
| With experiential sensory symptoms (e.g., temporo-parieto-occipital junction seizures) |
| Focal seizures cont. |
| Focal motor seizures |
| With elementary clonic motor signs |
| With asymmetric tonic motor seizures (e.g., supplementary motor seizures) |
| With typical (temporal lobe) automatisms (e.g., mesial temporal lobe seizures) |
| With hyperkinetic automatisms |
| With focal negative myoclonus |
| With inhibitory motor seizures |
| Gelastic seizures |
| Hemiclonic seizures |
| Secondarily generalized seizures |
| Reflex seizures in focal epilepsy syndromes |
| Continuous seizure types |
| Generalized status epilepticus |
| Generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus |
| Clonic status epilepticus |
| Absence status epilepticus |
| Tonic status epilepticus |
| Myoclonic status epilepticus |
| Focal status epilepticus |
| Epilepsia partialis continua of Kozhevnikov |
| Aura continua |
| Limbic status epilepticus (psychomotor status) |
| Hemiconvulsive status with hemiparesis |
| Precipitating stimuli for reflex seizures |
| Visual stimuli |
| Flickering light: colour to be specified when possible |
| Patterns |
| Other visual stimuli |
| Thinking |
| Music |
| Eating |
| Praxis |
| Somatosensory |
| Proprioceptive |
| Reading |
| Hot water |
| Startle |
From Engel (2001)3 with permission of the author and the editor of Epilepsia.
From: Chapter 1, Clinical Aspects of the Diagnosis of Epileptic Seizures and Epileptic Syndromes
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