As the culminating volume in the DCP3 series, volume 9 will provide an overview of DCP3 findings and methods, a summary of messages and substantive lessons to be taken from DCP3, and a further discussion of cross-cutting and synthesizing topics across the first eight volumes. The introductory chapters (1-3) in this volume take as their starting point the elements of the Essential Packages presented in the overview chapters of each volume. First, the chapter on intersectoral policy priorities for health includes fiscal and intersectoral policies and assembles a subset of the population policies and applies strict criteria for a low-income setting in order to propose a "highest-priority" essential package. Second, the chapter on packages of care and delivery platforms for universal health coverage (UHC) includes health sector interventions, primarily clinical and public health services, and uses the same approach to propose a highest priority package of interventions and policies that meet similar criteria, provides cost estimates, and describes a pathway to UHC.

Contents

• Foreword
• Introduction
• Preface
• Abbreviations
• 1. Objectives and Conclusion of Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition
  • 1. Universal Health Coverage and Intersectoral Action for Health
    Dean T. Jamison, Ala Alwan, Charles N Mock, Rachel Nugent, David A Watkins, Olusoji Adeyi, Shuchi Anand, Rifat Atun, Stefano Bertozzi, Zulfiqar Bhutta, Agnes Binagwaho, Robert Black, Mark blecher, Barry R Bloom, Elizabeth Brouwer, Donald A. P. Bundy, Dan Chisholm, Alarcos Cieza, Mark Cullen, Kristen Danforth, Nilanthi de Silva, Haile T. Debas, Peter Donkor, Tarun Dua, Kenneth A. Fleming, Mark Gallivan, Patricia Garcia, Atul Gawande, Thomas Gaziano, Hellen Gelband, Roger Glass, Amanda Glassman, Glenda Gray, Demissie Habte, King K Holmes, Susan Horton, Guy Hutton, Prabhat Jha, Felicia Knaul, Olive Kobusingye, Eric Krakauer, Margaret E Kruk, Peter Lachmann, Ramanan Laxminarayan, Carol Levin, Lai Meng Looi, Nita Madhav, Adel Mahmoud, Jean-Claude Mbanya, Anthony R Measham, María Elena Medina-Mora, Carol Medlin, Anne Mills, Jody-Anne Mills, Jaime Montoya, Ole Norheim, Zachary Olson, Folashade Omokhodion, Ben Oppenheim, Toby Ord, Vikram Patel, George C Patton, John Peabody, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Jinyuan Qi, Teri Reynolds, Sevket Ruacan, Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan, Jaime Sepúlveda, Richard Skolnik, Kirk R. Smith, Marleen Temmerman, Stephen Tollman, Stéphane Verguet, Damian Walker, Neff Walker, Yangfeng Wu, and Kun Zhao.
    • INTRODUCING DISEASE CONTROL PRIORITIES, THIRD EDITION
    • CONTEXT
    • PACKAGES, PLATFORMS, AND POLICIES
    • METHODS
    • INTERSECTORAL POLICIES FOR HEALTH
    • ESSENTIAL UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE
    • CONCLUSIONS
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    • ANNEX
    • Note
    • References
  • 2. Intersectoral Policy Priorities for Health
    David A Watkins, Rachel Nugent, Helen Saxenian, Gavin yamey, Kristen Danforth, Eduardo González-Pier, Charles N. Mock, Prabhat Jha, Ala Alwan, and Dean T. Jamison.
    • INTRODUCTION
    • HEALTH CONDITIONS AND RISK FACTORS AMENABLE TO INTERSECTORAL ACTION
    • INTERSECTORAL POLICY PACKAGES
    • POLICIES TO ADDRESS THE CONSEQUENCES OF ILLNESS OR INJURY
    • IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTERSECTORAL AGENDA FOR HEALTH
    • ANNEXES
    • Notes
    • References
  • 3. Universal Health Coverage and Essential Packages of Care
    David A Watkins, Dean T Jamison, Anne Mills, Rifat Atun, Kristen Danforth, Amanda Glassman, Susan Horton, Prabhat Jha, Margaret E Kruk, Ole F Norheim, Jinyuan Qi, Agnes Soucat, Stéphane Verguet, David Wilson, and Ala Alwan.
    • INTRODUCTION
    • FROM ESSENTIAL PACKAGES TO ESSENTIAL UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE
    • COSTS OF ESSENTIAL UHC AND THE HPP
    • HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF ESSENTIAL UHC AND THE HPP
    • IMPLEMENTING ESSENTIAL UHC
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    • ANNEXES
    • Notes
    • References
• 2. Problems and Progress
  • 4. Global and Regional Causes of Death: Patterns and Trends, 2000–15
    Colin Mathers, Gretchen Stevens, Dan Hogan, Wahyu Retno Mahanani, and Jessica Ho.
    • INTRODUCTION
    • Methods
    • Results
    • DISCUSSION
    • CONCLUSIONS
    • Acknowledgments
    • Annexes
    • Notes
    • References
  • 5. Annual Rates of Decline in Child, Maternal, Tuberculosis, and Noncommunicable Disease Mortality across 109 Low- and Middle-Income Countries from 1990 to 2015
    Osondu Ogbuoji, Jinyuan Qi, Zachary D Olson, Gavin Yamey, Rachel Nugent, Ole Frithjof Norheim, Stéphane Verguet, and Dean T Jamison.
    • Introduction
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Annexes
    • Notes
    • Annex 5A: Cross-Country Variation in Rates of Decline for Mortality Indicators, 1998–2013
    • References
  • 6. Economic Burden of Chronic Ill Health and Injuries for Households in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
    Beverley M Essue, Tracey-Lea Laba, Felicia Knaul, Annie Chu, Hoang Van Minh, Thi Kim Phuong Nguyen, and Stephen Jan.
    • Introduction
    • Population-Level Estimates of Catastrophic and Impoverishing Health Expenditures
    • Prevalence Estimates of Catastrophic Health Expenditure Associated with Chronic Ill Health and Injuries in Lmics
    • Other Measures of Household-Level Economic Effect of Chronic Ill Health and Injuries in Lmics
    • Discussion
    • Limitations of the Research
    • Policy Directions for Improving Financial Protection
    • Future Research Directions
    • Conclusions
    • Annexes
    • Note
    • Acknowledgments
    • References
• 3. Economic Evaluation Results from Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition
  • 7. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition
    Susan Horton.
    • INTRODUCTION
    • METHODS
    • RESULTS
    • DISCUSSION
    • CONCLUSIONS
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    • ANNEX
    • Note
    • References
  • 8. Health Policy Analysis: Applications of Extended Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Methodology in Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition
    Stéphane Verguet and Dean T Jamison.
    • INTRODUCTION
    • APPROACH
    • APPLICATIONS
    • DISCUSSION
    • Notes
    • References
  • 9. Benefit-Cost Analysis in Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition
    Angela Y Chang, Susan Horton, and Dean T Jamison.
    • INTRODUCTION: ROLE OF BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS IN THE HEALTH SECTOR
    • CONTRIBUTION OF DISEASE CONTROL PRIORITIES (THIRD EDITION) TO BCA IN THE HEALTH SECTOR
    • USE OF THE VALUE PER STATISTICAL LIFE IN ESTIMATING BCA IN THE HEALTH SECTOR
    • CONCLUSIONS
    • Notes
    • References
• 4. Health System Topics from Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition
  • 10. Quality of Care
    John Peabody, Riti Shimkhada, Olusoji Adeyi, Huihui Wang, Edward Broughton, and Margaret E Kruk.
    • Introduction
    • Problem of Variations in Quality of Care
    • Quality Improvement Infrastructure Requirements
    • Linking Policy and Practice at the Platform Level
    • Updated Quality of Care Framework
    • Challenges for Assessment
    • Impact of Quality Improvement
    • Costs of Improving Quality
    • Conclusions
    • Notes
    • References
  • 11. High-Quality Diagnosis: An Essential Pathology Package
    Kenneth A Fleming, Mahendra Naidoo, Michael Wilson, John Flanigan, Susan Horton, Modupe Kuti, Lai Meng Looi, Christopher P Price, Kun Ru, Abdul Ghafur, Jinaxiang Wang, and Nestor Lago.
    • Introduction
    • Range of Pathology Services
    • Challenges to Pathology Services in Lmics
    • The Essential Pathology Package
    • Conclusions
    • Note
    • References
  • 12. Palliative Care and Pain Control
    Eric L Krakauer, Xiaoxiao Kwete, Stéphane Verguet, Hector Arreola-Ornelas, Afsan Bhadelia, Oscar Mendez, natalia M Rodriguez, Zipporah Ali, Silvia Allende, James F Cleary, Stephen Connor, Kristen Danforth, Liliana de Lima, Liz Gwyther, Ednin Hamzah, Dean T Jamison, Quach Thanh Khanh, Suresh Kumar, Emmanuel Luyirika, Anne Merriman, Egide Mpanumusingo, Diana Nevzorova, Christian Ntizimira, Hibah Osman, Pedro Perez-Cruz, M R Rajagopal, Lukas Radbruch, Dingle Spence, Mark Stoltenberg, Neo Tapela, David A Watkins, and Felicia Knaul.
    • Introduction
    • The Need for Palliative Care
    • The Global Suffering Divide: Disparate Access to Palliative Care and Pain Control
    • An Essential Package of Palliative Care and Pain Control
    • Costs of the Essential Package of Palliative Care and Pain Control
    • Conclusions
    • Annex
    • Notes
    • References
  • 13. Strengthening Health Systems to Provide Emergency Care
    Teri A. Reynolds, Hendry Sawe, Andrés M Rubiano, Sang Do Shin, Lee Wallis, and Charles N. Mock.
    • Introduction
    • What is Emergency Care?
    • Why Focus on Emergency Care?
    • The Who Emergency Care System Framework
    • Essential Package of Emergency Care
    • Cost-Effectiveness of Emergency Care Services in Lmics
    • Priorities for Action
    • Conclusions
    • Acknowledgment
    • Annex
    • Notes
    • References
  • 14. Community Platforms for Public Health Interventions
    Melissa Sherry, Abdul Ghaffar, and David Bishai.
    • Introduction
    • Measuring Success in Community Health Platforms
    • Interventions, Policies, and Effectiveness
    • Acknowledgments
    • Note
    • References
  • 15. Rehabilitation: Essential along the Continuum of Care
    Jody-Anne Mills, Elanie Marks, Teri Reynolds, and Alarcos Cieza.
    • Introduction
    • Growing Demand for Rehabilitation Services
    • Economic Case for Investment
    • Essential Package of Rehabilitation Interventions
    • Available Tools to Inform Rehabilitation System Planning
    • Priorities for Action
    • Conclusions
    • Annex
    • Acknowledgments
    • Notes
    • References
• 5. Intersectoral and International Topics
  • 16. Development Assistance for Health
    Eran Bendavid, Trygve Ottersen, Liu Peilong, Rachel Nugent, Nancy Padian, John-Arne Rottingen, and Marco Schäferhoff.
    • Introduction
    • TRACKING HEALTH AID
    • GOALS AND CRITERIA FOR ALLOCATING HEALTH AID
    • CASE STUDIES
    • GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR THE NEXT DECADE
    • CONCLUSIONS
    • Notes
    • References
  • 17. Pandemics: Risks, Impacts, and Mitigation
    Nita Madhav, Ben Oppenheim, Mark Gallivan, Prime Mulembakani, Edward Rubin, and Nathan Wolfe.
    • INTRODUCTION
    • PANDEMIC RISKS AND CONSEQUENCES
    • PANDEMIC MITIGATION: PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
    • Situational Awareness
    • Preventing and Extinguishing Pandemic Sparks
    • Risk Communications
    • Reducing Pandemic Spread
    • Curtailing Interactions between Infected and Uninfected Populations
    • Reducing Infectiousness and Susceptibility
    • Care and Treatment to Reduce the Severity of Pandemic Illness
    • Potential for Scaling Up
    • Risk Transfer Mechanisms
    • Adequacy of Evidence on Pandemics in LMICs
    • SUMMARY OF PANDEMIC INTERVENTION COSTS AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS
    • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PRIORITIZING INVESTMENTS TO MITIGATE PANDEMIC RISK IN RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    • Notes
    • References
  • 18. The Loss from Pandemic Influenza Risk
    Victoria Y Fan, Dean T Jamison, and Lawrence H Summers.
    • INTRODUCTION
    • REVIEW OF HISTORICAL PANDEMIC RISK AND SEVERITY
    • METHODS
    • Results
    • DISCUSSION
    • SENSITIVITY TESTS AND LIMITATIONS
    • CONCLUSIONS
    • ANNEX
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    • Note
    • References
  • 19. Fiscal Instruments for Health in India
    Amit Summan, Nicholas Stacey, Karen Hofman, and Ramanan Laxminarayan.
    • Introduction
    • Role of Fiscal Policy Interventions
    • ANALYTIC FRAMEWORK
    • FISCAL POLICY ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
    • DISCUSSION
    • CONCLUSIONS
    • Notes
    • References
• DCP3 Series Acknowledgments
• Volume Editors
• Contributors
• Advisory Committee to the Editors
• Reviewers
• Policy Forum Participants
• Environmental Benefits Statement

© 2018 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank

1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433

Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org

Some rights reserved

1 2 3 4 21 20 19 18

This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.

Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.

Rights and Permissions

This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions:

Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Jamison, D. T., H. Gelband, S. Horton, P. Jha, R. Laxminarayan, C. N. Mock, and R. Nugent, editors. 2018. Disease Control Priorities: Improving Health and Reducing Poverty. Disease Control Priorities (third edition), Volume 9. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0527-1. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO

Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation.

Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank.

Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to reuse a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images.

All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; e-mail: gro.knabdlrow@sthgirbup.

ISBNs and DOIs:

Table

Cover photo: © World Bank. Further permission required for reuse.

Chapter opener photo: © Frank Spangler/Worldview Images. Used with the permission of Worldview Images. Further permission required for reuse.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been requested.