Stroke remains a global risk to public health, and a pernicious source of mortality and loss of independence in those afflicted. The preceding decade has seen the transformation of the stroke management landscape, with disruptive diagnostic, therapeutic, prognostic, and rehabilitative strategies rapidly introduced to the armament of clinical and basic stroke neuroscience providers and investigators. This book offers a unique view of this condition—a human condition which knows no geographic boundaries and continues to draw the attention of an indefatigable community of physicians, scientists, engineers, nurses, and allied care personnel—synthesizing the latest among contemporary philosophies regarding the care of such patients. The authors touch upon several critical aspects of stroke care, such as diagnosis (neuroimaging in perinatal, pediatric, and adult populations), clinical care (approach to stroke in young adults, surgical treatments for stroke, and prevention of non-cardioembolic stroke), stroke related complications (memory impairment and unilateral spatial neglect), as well as stroke in the setting of the novel sars-cov-2 virus. As such, this book is of tremendous value to a wide audience seeking information on challenges in stroke care faced by clinical providers and highlights potential areas of research for stroke researchers.

Contents

• Foreword
• Preface
• List of Contributors
• 1. Neuroimaging in Perinatal Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease
  Adam E. Goldman-Yassen and Seena Dehkharghani.
  • INTRODUCTION
  • DEFINITIONS
  • CLINICAL PRESENTATION
  • IMAGING
  • STROKE MIMICS
  • TREATMENT
  • PROGNOSIS
  • CONCLUSION
  • REFERENCES
• 2. Neuroimaging in Pediatric Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease
  Adam E. Goldman-Yassen and Seena Dehkharghani.
  • INTRODUCTION
  • DEFINITIONS
  • CLINICAL PRESENTATION
  • ETIOLOGIES
  • IMAGING
  • STROKE MIMICS
  • TREATMENT
  • PROGNOSIS
  • CONCLUSION
  • REFERENCES
• 3. The Clinical Approach to Stroke in Young Adults
  Christopher A. Stack and John W. Cole.
  • INTRODUCTION
  • QUESTION 1: IS THIS TRULY A STROKE OR A MIMIC?
  • QUESTION 2: IS THERE ANYTHING THAT WE CAN/SHOULD DO NOW TO TREAT THE ACUTE STROKE?
  • QUESTION 3: WHAT CAUSED THE STROKE?
  • INFECTIONS
  • HOW DO WE BEST PREVENT FUTURE STROKES FROM OCCURRING?
  • CONCLUSION
  • REFERENCES
• 4. Timing the Ischemic Stroke by Multiparametric Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  Bryony L. McGarry and Risto A. Kauppinen.
  • INTRODUCTION
  • THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ISCHEMIA IN PRECLINICAL MODELS WITH REFERENCE TO MRI SIGNALS
  • METHODS FOR QUANTIFYING CHANGES IN THE T₂ RELAXATION TIME DUE TO ISCHEMIA
  • STROKE TIMING BASED ON ADC AND THE T₂ MRI RELAXATION TIME IN PRECLINICAL MODELS
  • CLINICAL APPLICATION OF ADC AND T₂ MRI FOR ESTIMATING STROKE ONSET TIME AND TISSUE VIABILITY
  • EXPEDITED MRI IN HUMAN STROKE IMAGING
  • MRI AND MACHINE LEARNING FOR THE CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE PATIENTS
  • CONCLUSION
  • REFERENCES
• 5. Indications for Surgical Intervention in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke
  Vikraant Kohli and Michael T Koltz.
  • INTRODUCTION
  • MECHANICAL THROMBECTOMY
  • VENTRICULOSTOMY AND DECOMPRESSIVE CRANIECTOMY
  • CONCLUSION
  • REFERENCES
• 6. Memory Impairment Due to Stroke
  Shinichiro Maeshima and Aiko Osawa.
  • INTRODUCTION
  • CLASSIFICATION OF MEMORY
  • ANATOMICAL BASIS OF MEMORY AND LESIONS CAUSING MEMORY IMPAIRMENT
  • ASSESSMENT OF MEMORY IMPAIRMENT
  • REHABILITATION
  • CONCLUSION
  • REFERENCES
• 7. Unilateral Spatial Neglect Due to Stroke
  Aiko Osawa and Shinichiro Maeshima.
  • INTRODUCTION
  • HOW TO EXAMINE UNILATERAL SPATIAL NEGLECT
  • ASSESSMENT FOR UNILATERAL SPATIAL NEGLECT
  • ANATOMICAL BASIS OF SPATIAL ATTENTION AND LESIONS CAUSING UNILATERAL SPATIAL NEGLECT
  • MECHANISM OF UNILATERAL SPATIAL NEGLECT
  • REHABILITATION FOR UNILATERAL SPATIAL NEGLECT
  • CONCLUSION
  • REFERENCES
• 8. Prevention of Non-Cardiogenic Ischemic Stroke: Towards Personalized Stroke Care
  Tihamer Molnar and Peter Csecsei.
  • INTRODUCTION
  • EMERGING MARKERS IN ATHEROTHROMBOTIC STROKE
  • PERSPECTIVES
  • CONCLUSION
  • REFERENCES
• 9. The Evolution of Devices and Techniques in Endovascular Stroke Therapy
  Devin V. Bageac, Blake S. Gershon, and Reade A. De Leacy.
  • INTRODUCTION
  • INTRAARTERIAL THROMBOLYSIS
  • DAWN OF THE DEVICE ERA: THE MERCI RETRIEVER
  • THE PENUMBRA SYSTEM
  • THE STENT RETRIEVER
  • THE FAILURES OF 2013
  • THE SUCCESSES OF 2015
  • DIRECT ASPIRATION
  • CURRENT DIRECTIONS
  • CONCLUSION
  • REFERENCES
• 10. COVID-19 and Stroke: A Neurological Perspective
  Serefnur Ozturk.
  • INTRODUCTION
  • THE EFFECTS OF COVID-19 ON STROKE EPIDEMIOLOGY
  • MECHANISMS OF COVID-19-MEDIATED CEREBROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS
  • STROKE CARE DURING COVID-19
  • CONCLUSION
  • REFERENCES

Stroke

ISBN: 978-0-6450017-6-1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36255/exonpublications.stroke.2021

Edited by

Seena Dehkharghani, MD, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

Published by

Exon Publications, Brisbane, Australia

Copyright© 2021 Exon Publications

Copyright of individual chapters belongs to the respective authors. The authors grant unrestricted publishing and distribution rights to the publisher. The electronic versions of the chapters are published under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. Users are allowed to share and adapt the chapters for any non-commercial purposes as long as the authors and the publisher are explicitly identified and properly acknowledged as the original source. The book in its entirety is subject to copyright by the publisher. The reproduction, modification, replication and display of the book in its entirety, in any form, by anyone, for commercial purposes are strictly prohibited without the written consent of the publisher.

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First Published in June 2021

Printed in Australia