| The cell cycle |
| Cyclin-dependent kinases, cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors |
| Differentiation |
| Retinoid and vitamin D nuclear steroid receptors |
| Apoptosis |
| Bcl-2, NF-κB, p53, TRAIL, Fas |
| Angiogenesis |
| VEGFR; the endothelial integrins |
| Signaling cell-surface receptors |
| Insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF) |
| ErbB family of receptors |
| C-kit |
| Metastasis |
| Matrix metalloproteinases, chemokine receptors |
| Intracellular signaling elements |
| BCR-ABL, ras, raf, MAP kinase, PI3 kinase, m-TOR, Src, protein kinase C, STAT proteins, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), ALK, STAT proteins and JNK kinases |
| Nuclear transcription factors |
| Eg, steroid hormone No. 4 |
| Potential targets |
| Telomerase |
| DNA methylation (human DNA methyltransferase [METASE]) |
| Proteasome 20S |
| Farnesyltransferase |
| Histone deacetylase |
| Hsp90 (chaperone protein) |
| Cell surface antigens |
| Eg, CD20 |
From: Chapter 44, Principles of Dose, Schedule, and Combination Therapy
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