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Cancer Medicine is the best known and respected work in the field of oncology and was the first comprehensive textbook devoted to reporting and assessing the rapid and continuous development in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Cancer Medicine is widely recognized as a leading reference resource for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, internists, surgical oncologists, and others who treat cancer patients. Cancer Medicine e.5 continues this high standard while providing updated information in all areas of oncology - including molecular biology, pathology, imaging interventional radiology, endoscopy, surgical oncology, radiation oncology, and medical oncology.
Contents
- Editors
- Contributors
- Preface
- Section 1. Cancer Biology
- Chapter 1. Molecular BiologyBarrett J Rollins, MD, Todd R Golub, MD, Kornelia Polyak, MD, and Charles D Stiles, PhD.
- Chapter 2. Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, and ApoptosisMichael Andreeff, MD, David W Goodrich, MD, and Arthur B Pardee, MD.
- Chapter 3. Growth Factor Signal Transduction in CancerPaolo Fedi, MD, Alec Kimmelman, MD, and Stuart A Aaronson, MD.
- Background
- Growth Factor Receptors with Tyrosine Kinase Activity
- Classification of Growth Factors and Their Receptors
- Abnormalities Associated with Growth Factors in Cancer Cells
- Aberrations Affecting GrowthFactor Receptors in Tumor Cells
- Signaling Pathways of Tyrosine Kinase Receptors
- Implications for Cancer Therapy
- References
- Chapter 4. OncogenesMarco A Pierotti, MD, Steven A Schichman, MD, Gabriella Sozzi, and Carlo M Croce, MD.
- Chapter 5. Tumor Suppressor Gene Defects in Human CancerEric R Fearon, MD and Bert Vogelstein, MD.
- Genetic Basis for Tumor Development
- Somatic Cell Genetic Studies of Tumorigenesis
- Retinoblastoma—A Paradigm for Tumor Suppressor Gene Function
- The p53 Gene
- The INK4a Locus and the p16INK4a and p19ARF Genes
- The APC Gene
- The BRCA1 and BRCA2 Genes
- The WT1 Gene
- The NF1 and NF2 Genes
- The VHL Gene
- DNA Repair Pathway Genes
- Candidate Tumor Suppressor Genes
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 6. Recurring Chromosome Rearrangements in Human CancerOlufunmilayo I Olopade, MD, Olatoyosi M Sobulo, MD, and Janet D Rowley, MD.
- Chapter 7. Biochemistry of CancerRaymond W Ruddon, MD.
- Chapter 8. Invasion and MetastasesLance A Liotta, MD and Elise C Kohn, MD.
- Chapter 9. Tumor AngiogenesisJudah Folkman, MD.
- Chapter 1. Molecular Biology
- Section 2. Tumor Immunology
- Section 3. Cancer Etiology
- Chapter 11. Genetic Predisposition to CancerMarcia S Brose, MD, Tom Smyrk, MD, Barbara Weber, MD, and Henry T Lynch, MD.
- Chapter 12. Chemical CarcinogenesisAinsley Weston, PhD and Curtis C Harris, MD.
- Multi-stage Carcinogenesis
- Gene–Environment Interactions and Interindividual Variation
- Carcinogen Metabolism
- DNA Damage and Repair
- Biologic Response to Tumor Promoters
- Oncogenes and Tumor-Suppressor Genes
- Clonal Evolution
- Chemical and Viral Interactions
- Implications for Molecular Epidemiology, Risk Assessment, and Cancer Prevention
- References
- Chapter 13. Hormones and the Etiology of CancerBrian E Henderson, MD, Leslie Bernstein, PhD, and Ronald K Ross, MD.
- Chapter 14. Ionizing RadiationJohn B Little, MD.
- Chapter 15. Ultraviolet Radiation CarcinogenesisJames E Cleaver, PhD and David L Mitchell, PhD.
- Chapter 16. Physical CarcinogensCesare Maltoni, MD, Franco Minardi, MD, and James F Holland, MD.
- Chapter 17. Trauma and InflammationJohn F Gaeta, MD.
- Chapter 18. Tumor VirusesHoward A Fine, MD and Joseph G Sodroski, MD.
- Chapter 19. HerpesvirusesJeffrey I Cohen, MD.
- Chapter 20. Papillomaviruses and Cervical NeoplasiaCatherine M McLachlin, MD and Christopher P Crum, MD.
- Chapter 21. Hepatitis VirusesMax W Sung, MD, Swan N Thung, MD, and George Acs, MD.
- Chapter 22. ParasitesPiero Mustacchi, MD.
- Chapter 11. Genetic Predisposition to Cancer
- Section 4. Cancer Epidemiology
- Chapter 23. Cancer EpidemiologyMichael J Thun, MD and Phyllis A Wingo, PhD.
- Surveillance of Cancer in the Population
- Temporal Trends in Cancer Occurrence in the United States
- Survival of Patients with Cancer
- Types of Observational Epidemiologic Studies
- Descriptive Studies
- Analytic Epidemiology
- Measures of Association
- Case-Control Studies
- What Constitutes “Proof” in Epidemiologic Studies?
- IARC Classification of Carcinogens
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 23. Cancer Epidemiology
- Section 5. Theory and Practice of Clinical Trials
- Section 6. Cancer Prevention
- Chapter 25. Prevention of Tobacco-Related CancersPaul F Engstrom, MD, Margie Clapper, PhD, Robert A Schnoll, PhD, and C. Tracy Orleans, PhD.
- Chapter 26. Nutrition in the Etiology and Prevention of CancerSteven K Clinton, MD, Elizabeth C Miller, MS, and Edward L Giovannucci, MD.
- Chapter 27. Chemoprevention of CancerMichael B Sporn, MD and Scott M Lippman, MD.
- Chapter 25. Prevention of Tobacco-Related Cancers
- Section 7. Cancer Screening and Early Detection
- Chapter 28. Cancer Screening and Early DetectionHarmon J Eyre, MD, Robert A Smith, PhD, and Curtis J Mettlin, PhD.
- Key Criteria in the Decision to Screen
- Methodologic Issues in the Evaluation of Early-Detection Programs
- Breast Cancer
- Colorectal Cancer
- Lung Cancer
- Prostate Cancer
- Testicular Cancer
- Cervical Cancer
- Endometrial Cancer
- Ovarian Cancer
- Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer
- Oral Cancer
- The Cancer-Related Checkup
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 28. Cancer Screening and Early Detection
- Section 8. Principles of Cancer Pathology
- Chapter 29. Principles of Cancer PathologyJames L Connolly, MD, Stuart J Schnitt, MD, Helen H Wang, MD, Ann M Dvorak, MD, and Harold F Dvorak, MD.
- Solid Tumor Structure and Tumor Stroma Generation
- Role of the Surgical Pathologist in the Diagnosis and Management of the Cancer Patient
- Role of the Cytopathologist
- Role of the Immunohistochemist
- Role of the Electron Microscopist
- Role of the Clinical Pathologist
- Role of the Autopsy Pathologist
- Summary and Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 29. Principles of Cancer Pathology
- Section 9. Principles of Imaging
- Chapter 30. Principles of ImagingRichard J Steckel, MD.
- Chapter 30A. Imaging Cancer of Unknown Primary SiteA. Robert Kagan, MD and Richard J Steckel, MD.
- Chapter 30B. Imaging Neoplasms of the Head and Neck and Central Nervous SystemRobert B Lufkin, MD.
- Chapter 30C. Imaging Neoplasms of the ThoraxPoonam V Batra, MD.
- Chapter 30D. Imaging Neoplasms of the Abdomen and PelvisRobert A Halvorsen Jr, MD and William M Thompson, MD.
- Chapter 30E. Cross-Sectional Imaging of Musculoskeletal NeoplasmsLeanne L Seeger, MD.
- Chapter 30F. Imaging the BreastLawrence W Bassett, MD.
- Chapter 30G. Ultrasound in Cancer MedicineEdward G Grant, MD.
- Central Nervous System Ultrasonography
- Head and Neck Ultrasonography
- Thoracic Ultrasonography
- Breast Ultrasonography
- Abdominal Ultrasonography
- Intraoperative Ultrasonography
- Retroperitoneal Ultrasonography
- Pelvic and Endovaginal Ultrasonography
- Prostatic and Transrectal Ultrasonography
- Testicular Ultrasonography
- Venous Ultrasonography
- Subcutaneous Ultrasonography
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 30H. Radionuclide Imaging in Cancer MedicineRandall A Hawkins, MD.
- Chapter 30I. Perspectives in ImagingRichard J Steckel, MD.
- Chapter 31. Interventional Radiology for the Cancer PatientMarshall Hicks, MD, Chusilp Charnsangavej, MD, and Michael Wallace, MD.
- Chapter 30. Principles of Imaging
- Section 10. Principles of Surgical Oncology
- Chapter 32. Principles of Surgical OncologyRaphael E Pollock, MD and Donald L Morton, MD.
- Chapter 33. Vascular Access in Cancer PatientsMichail Shafir, MD.
- Chapter 32. Principles of Surgical Oncology
- Section 11. Principles of Radiation Oncology
- Chapter 34. Physical and Biologic Basis of Radiation OncologyArno J Mundt, MD, John C Roeske, PhD, and Ralph R Weichselbaum, MD.
- Chapter 35. Principles of HyperthermiaDaniel S Kapp, PhD, George M Hahn, PhD, and Robert W Carlson, MD.
- Chapter 36. Photodynamic Therapy of CancerTayyaba Hasan, PhD, Anne C E Moor, PhD, and Bernard Ortel, MD.
- Chapter 34. Physical and Biologic Basis of Radiation Oncology
- Section 12. Principles of Medical Oncology
- Chapter 37. Principles of Medical OncologyJames F Holland, MD, Emil Frei III, MD, Donald W Kufe, MD, and Robert C Bast Jr, MD.
- The Medical Oncologist’s Role
- Clinical Responsibilities
- Cancer Prevention
- Clinical Research
- Fundamental Science, Clinical Science, and Medical Art
- Chemotherapy Trials
- Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
- Surrogate End Points
- Palliative Therapy
- Laws of Therapeutics
- Truth Telling
- Resuscitation
- Burnout
- Nomenclature: Systeme Internationale (SI) Units
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 37. Principles of Medical Oncology
- Section 13. Principles of Chemotherapy
- Chapter 38. CytokineticsTeresa Ann Gilewski, MD, Chau Dang, MD, Antonella Surbone, MD, and Larry Norton, MD.
- Chapter 39. Drug Resistance and Its Clinical CircumventionCharles S Morrow, MD and Kenneth H Cowan, MD.
- Chapter 40. Principles of Dose, Schedule, and Combination ChemotherapyEmil Frei III, MD and Karen H Antman, MD.
- Chapter 41. Regional ChemotherapyMaurie Markman, MD.
- Chapter 42. Animal Models in Developmental TherapeuticsSamir N Khleif, MD and Gregory A Curt, MD.
- Chapter 43. In Vitro and In Vivo Predictive TestsA. R Hanauske, MD.
- Chapter 44. PharmacologyMark J Ratain, MD and William Plunkett, MD.
- Chapter 45. Toxicology by Organ SystemMichael R Grever, MD and Charles K Grieshaber, PhD.
- Chapter 38. Cytokinetics
- Section 14. Chemotherapeutic Agents
- Chapter 46. Folate
AntagonistsBarton A Kamen, MD, Peter D Cole, MD, and Joseph R Bertino, MD.
- Chapter 47. Pyrimidine and Purine AntimetabolitesGiuseppe Pizzorno, MD, Robert E Handschumacher, MD, and Yung-Chi Cheng, MD.
- Chapter 48. Alkylating Agents and Platinum Antitumor CompoundsD. Michael Colvin, MD.
- Chapter 49. Anthracyclines and DNA Intercalators/Epipodophyllotoxins/DNA TopoisomerasesEric H Rubin, MD and William N Hait, MD.
- Chapter 50. Microtubule-Targeting Anticancer Drugs Derived from Plants and Microbes: Vinca Alkaloids, Taxanes, and EpothilonesWilliam T Beck, PhD, Carol E Cass, PhD, and Peter J Houghton, PhD.
- Chapter 51. AsparaginaseJoAnne Kurtzberg, MD.
- Chapter 46. Folate
Antagonists
- Section 15. Principles of Endocrine Therapy
- Chapter 52. Steroid Hormone Binding and Hormone ReceptorsEugene R DeSombre, PhD and Elwood V Jensen, PhD.
- Chapter 53. Hypothalamic and Other Peptide HormonesAndrew V Schally, PhD and Ana Maria Comaru-Schally, MD.
- Chapter 54. CorticosteroidsLorraine I McKay, PhD and John A Cidlowski, PhD.
- Chapter 55. Estrogens and AntiestrogensV. Craig Jordan, PhD.
- Chapter 56. Clinical Use of Aromatase Inhibitors in Breast CarcinomaHarold A Harvey, MD.
- Chapter 57. ProgestinsKenneth S McCarty Jr, MD and Kenneth S McCarty Sr, PhD.
- Chapter 58. Androgen Deprivation Strategies in the Treatment of Advanced Prostate CancerSamuel R Denmeade, MD and John T Isaacs, PhD.
- Cellular Organization of the Normal Prostate
- Definition of Androgen Responsiveness on a Cellular Basis
- Mechanism of Androgen Action
- Overview of Regulation of Systemic Androgen Levels
- Pharmacological Approaches to Lower Circulating Androgen
- Androgen Deprivation Strategies for the Treatment of Recurrent and Metastatic Prostate Cancer
- Intermittent Androgen Suppression
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 59. Paraneoplastic SyndromesWilliam D Odell, MD.
- Tumor Production of Protein Hormones or Their Precursors
- Metabolism of Steroids
- Tumor Production of Enzymes or Fetal Proteins
- Tumor Production of Cytokines
- Tumor Stimulation of Antibody Production
- Miscellaneous Syndromes
- Endocrine Syndromes Caused by Cancer
- Paraneoplastic Syndromes of the Nervous System
- Dermatologic Syndromes of Cancer
- Glomerulonephritis
- Hematologic Syndromes
- Other Syndromes
- Fever and Cancer
- Tumor Production of Other Proteins
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 52. Steroid Hormone Binding and Hormone Receptors
- Section 16. Principles of Biotherapeutics
- Chapter 60. ImmunostimulantsRobert C Bast Jr, MD and Donald L Morton, MD.
- Chapter 61. Active Specific Immunotherapy with VaccinesMepur H Ravindranath, PhD and Donald L Morton, MD.
- Chapter 62. InterferonsErnest C Borden, MD and Bryan R G Williams, PhD.
- Chapter 63. Cytokines: Biology and Applications in Cancer MedicineElizabeth A Grimm, PhD.
- Chapter 64. Hematopoietic Growth FactorsRazelle Kurzrock, MD.
- Hematopoiesis and the Role of Growth Factors
- Erythropoietin
- Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor
- Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
- Stem Cell Factor
- Thrombopoietin
- Interleukin-1
- Interleukin-2
- Interleukin-3
- Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13
- Interleukin-5
- Interleukin 6
- Interleukin-7
- Interleukin-8
- Interleukin-9
- Interleukin-10
- Interleukin-11
- Interleukin-12
- Interleukin-15
- Interleukin-16
- Interleukin-17
- Interleukin-18
- Other Hematopoietic Growth Factors
- Use of Hematopoietic Growth Factors after Chemotherapy
- Hematopoietic Growth Factors in the Transplantation setting
- Thrombopoietic Agents in the Clinic: an Overview
- Hematopoietic Growth Factors in Bone Marrow Failure States
- Future Perspectives
- References
- Chapter 65. Monoclonal SerotherapyRobert C Bast Jr, MD, Michael R Zalutsky, PhD, Robert J Kreitman, MD, Edward A Sausville, MD, and Arthur E Frankel, MD.
- Chapter 60. Immunostimulants
- Section 17. Principles of Gene Therapy
- Chapter 66. Cancer Gene TherapyDonald W Kufe, MD, Sunil Advani, MD, and Ralph Weichselbaum, MD.
- Chapter 66. Cancer Gene Therapy
- Section 18. Principles of Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Chapter 67. Autologous Bone Marrow and Stem Cell TransplantationWilliam P Peters, MD, Caroline Hamm, MD, and Roy D Baynes, MD.
- Chapter 68. Transplantation of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cells for the Treatment of MalignanciesRichard J O’Reilly, MD, Esperanza B Papadopoulos, MD, and Trudy N Small, MD.
- Biology of Allogeneic Marrow Transplants Applied to the Treatment of Hematological Neoplasia
- Late Complications of Marrow Transplantations
- HLA-Matched Marrow Transplants for Leukemia
- Marrow Transplantation for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
- Marrow Transplantation for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- Marrow Transplantation for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
- Marrow Transplantations for Myelodysplastic Syndromes
- Marrow Transplantation for Lymphoma
- Marrow Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma
- Nonmyeloablative Regimens Used with Peripheral Blood Stem Cells
- Marrow Transplantation for Patients Lacking an HLA-Identical Sibling Donor
- T Cell–Depleted HLA-Nonidentical Related and HLA-Compatible Unrelated Marrow Grafts
- References
- Chapter 67. Autologous Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation
- Section 19. Principles of Psycho-Oncology
- Chapter 69. Principles of Psycho-OncologyJimmie C Holland, MD and Jane Gooen-Piels, PhD.
- Historical Perspective
- Hearing the Diagnosis
- Factors in Adaptation to Cancer
- Psychosocial Problems
- Guidelines for Recognition of Psychosocial Distress
- Psychiatric Disorders
- Psychiatric and Psychosocial Interventions
- Blurring of Conventional Psychosocial and Behavioral Interventions with Alternative/ Complementary Therapies
- Quality-of-Life Assessment
- Family Issues
- Grief in Surviving Family Members
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 69. Principles of Psycho-Oncology
- Section 20. Principles of Oncology Nursing
- Section 21. Principles of Cancer Rehabilitation Medicine
- Chapter 71. Principles of Cancer Rehabilitation MedicineKristjan T Ragnarsson, MD and David C Thomas, MD.
- Application of Rehabilitation Concepts
- The Cancer Rehabilitation and Adaptation Team
- Functional Assessment
- The Rehabilitation Process
- Cancer of the Brain
- Cancer of the Spine
- Cancer of the Head and Neck
- Cancer of the Lung
- Cancer of the Breast
- Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract
- Cancer of the Genitourinary System
- Cancer of the Limbs
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 71. Principles of Cancer Rehabilitation Medicine
- Section 22. Principles of Multidisciplinary Management
- Chapter 72. Principles of Multidisciplinary ManagementJames F Holland, MD, Emil Frei III, MD, Donald W Kufe, MD, Robert C Bast Jr, MD, Raphael E Pollock, MD, and Ralph R Weichselbaum, MD.
- The Primary Physician
- The Radiologist
- The Pathologist
- The Surgical Oncologist
- The Anesthesiologist
- The Medical Oncologist
- The Radiation Oncologist
- The Gynecologic Oncologist
- The Pediatric Oncologist
- The Psycho-oncologist
- The Rehabilitation Specialist
- The Nurse Oncologist
- The Oncology Pharmacist
- Other Support Personnel
- Chapter 73. Palliative CareAlan C Carver, MD and Kathleen M Foley, MD.
- Chapter 72. Principles of Multidisciplinary Management
- Section 23. Principles of Societal Oncology
- Chapter 74. Ethical Aspects of Caring for Patients with CancerEzekiel J Emanuel, MD and Steven Joffe, MD.
- Chapter 75. Legal Aspects of CancerJoseph M Taraska, PA.
- Chapter 76. The Government and Cancer MedicineJohn E Ultmann, MD, Marguerite Donoghue Baxter, RN, and Terry Lierman.
- Legislative History of the National Cancer Institute
- Federal Budget Process
- Public Policy Factors Affecting Medical Research
- Public Policy Factors Affecting Costs of Treating and Preventing Cancer
- Tobacco And Research
- THE MARCH: Coming Together to Conquer Cancer
- National Dialogue on Cancer
- Analysis
- A Call to Action
- Epilogue
- References
- Chapter 77. Clinical Oncology in a Changing Healthcare EnvironmentMartin N Raber, MD and Joseph S Bailes, MD.
- Effects of Managed Care on Providers
- Effects of Managed Care on Insurers
- Effects of Managed Care on Employers
- Effects of Managed Care on Government Programs
- Effects of Managed Care on Patients and Patient Care
- Implications for Cancer Care
- Demands of Patients Facing Terminal Illnesses
- Current Strategies for the Delivery of Cancer Care
- Future Directions in Health-Care Reform
- References
- Chapter 78. Outcomes AssessmentJane C Weeks, MD.
- Chapter 79. Questionable Cancer TherapiesBarrie R Cassileth, PhD.
- Chapter 74. Ethical Aspects of Caring for Patients with Cancer
- Section 24. Neoplasms of the Central Nervous System
- Chapter 80. Neoplasms of the Central Nervous SystemMichael D Prados, MD.
- Epidemiology and Risk Factors
- Molecular Genetics
- Familial Syndromes
- Pathology Grading Systems
- Clinical Presentation
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging
- Surgical Diagnosis and Resection
- Cortical Mapping and Interactive Image-Guided Resections
- Postoperative Imaging
- Clinical Trials
- Glioblastoma Multiforme and Anaplastic Astrocytoma
- Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma
- Low-Grade Gliomas
- Ependymoma
- Brainstem Glioma
- Spinal Cord Tumors
- Medulloblastoma and Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors
- Other Primary Tumors of the Central Nervous System
- Disease Metastatic to the Central Nervous System
- Spinal Metastases
- Neoplastic Meningitis
- Future Directions
- References
- Chapter 80. Neoplasms of the Central Nervous System
- Section 25. Neoplasms of the Eye
- Chapter 81. Neoplasms of the EyeDavid H Abramson, MD, Ira J Dunkel, MD, and Beryl McCormick, MD.
- Chapter 81. Neoplasms of the Eye
- Section 26. Neoplasms of the Endocrine Glands
- Chapter 82. Pituitary NeoplasmsAviva Abosch, MD and Charles B Wilson, MD.
- Chapter 83. Neoplasms of the ThyroidSteven I Sherman, MD and Ann M Gillenwater, MD.
- Chapter 84. Neoplasms of the Adrenal CortexDavid E Schteingart, MD.
- Pathogenesis
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Imaging Characterization of Adrenal Masses
- Staging
- Pathologic Diagnosis
- Management of Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma
- Long-Term Treatment Outcome
- The Use of Inhibitors of Adrenal Function in Patients with Functioning Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma
- Future Prospects
- References
- Chapter 85. Neoplasms of the Neuroendocrine System and Neoplasms of the Gastroenteropancreatic Endocrine SystemLarry K Kvols, MD, Roger R Perry, MD, Aaron I Vinik, MD, Li-teh Wu, MD, Phillippe Chaninian, MD, Stephen B Baylin, MD, and Norman W Thompson, MD.
- Chapter 82. Pituitary Neoplasms
- Section 27. Neoplasms of the Head and Neck
- Chapter 86. Head and Neck
CancerGary L Clayman, MD, Scott M Lippman, MD, George E Laramore, MD, and Waun Ki Hong, MD.
- Chapter 87. Odontogenic TumorsGeorge Thomas Gallagher, DMD and Gerald Shklar, DDS.
- Chapter 86. Head and Neck
Cancer
- Section 28. Neoplasms of the Thorax
- Chapter 88. Cancer of the LungAra A Vaporciyan, MD, Jonathan C Nesbitt, MD, Jin Soo Lee, MD, Craig Stevens, MD, Ritsuko Komaki, MD, and Jack A Roth, MD.
- Historical Note
- Smoking and Lung Cancer
- Environmental Causes of Lung Cancer
- Familial Predisposition to Lung Cancer
- Molecular Pathogenesis
- Cancer Screening and Early Detection
- Age and Lung Cancer
- Pathology of Lung Cancer
- Natural History
- Diagnosis and Staging
- Performance Status
- General Guidelines for Management
- Results
- Therapy for NSCLC
- Radiotherapy
- Special Considerations
- Chemotherapy for NSCLC
- Management of SCLC
- Conclusion and Future Prospects
- References
- Chapter 89. Malignant MesotheliomaA. Philippe Chahinian, MD and Harvey I Pass, MD.
- Chapter 90. Thymomas and ThymicA. Philippe Chahinian, MD.
- Chapter 91. Tumors of the Heart and Great VesselsA. Philippe Chahinian, MD, David E Gutstein, MD, and Valentin Fuster, MD.
- Chapter 92. Primary Germ Cell Tumors of the ThoraxJohn D Hainsworth, MD and F. Anthony Greco, MD.
- Chapter 93. Metastatic Tumors in the ThoraxDonald L Morton, MD and Perry Shen, MD.
- Chapter 88. Cancer of the Lung
- Section 29. Neoplasms of the Alimentary Canal
- Chapter 94. Neoplasms of the EsophagusMark K Ferguson, MD.
- Chapter 95. Neoplasms of the StomachHoward W Bruckner, MD, John C Morris, MD, and Paul Mansfield, MD.
- Chapter 96. Primary Neoplasms of the LiverPaul F Engstrom, MD, Elin Sigurdson, MD, and Alison A Evans, PhD.
- Chapter 97. Treatment of Liver
MetastasesNancy E Kemeny, MD and Yuman Fong, MD.
- Chapter 98. The GallbladderSteven A Curley, MD.
- Chapter 99. Diagnosis and Management of Biliary Tract CancerSteven A Curley, MD.
- Chapter 100. Neoplasms of the Ampulla of VaterDouglas B Evans, MD and Robert A Wolff, MD.
- Chapter 101. Neoplasms of the Exocrine PancreasRobert A Wolff, MD, James L Abbruzzese, MD, and Douglas B Evans, MD.
- Chapter 102. Neoplasms of the Small Intestine, Vermiform Appendix, and PeritoneumErik Barquist, MD and Michael Zinner, MD.
- Chapter 103. Adenocarcinoma of the Colon and RectumHoward W Bruckner, MD, John Pitrelli, MD, and Marnin Merrick, MD.
- Chapter 104. Neoplasms of the AnusBrenda Shank, MD, Warren E Enker, MD, and Marshall S Flam, MD.
- Chapter 94. Neoplasms of the Esophagus
- Section 30. Neoplasms of the Genitourinary Tract
- Chapter 105. Renal Cell CarcinomaJerome P Richie, MD, Philip W Kantoff, MD, and Charles L Shapiro, MD.
- Pathogenesis
- Incidence
- Etiology
- Molecular Biology
- Clinical Features
- Radiographic Evaluation
- Staging and Grading
- Surgical Treatment
- Adjuvant Therapy
- Treatment of Metastatic Disease
- Future Directions in Therapy
- Surgical Considerations for Metastatic Disease
- Sarcomas of Renal Origin
- Wilms’ Tumor (Nephroblastoma)
- Renal Oncocytoma
- References
- Chapter 106. Neoplasms of the Renal Pelvis and UreterJerome P Richie, MD and Philip W Kantoff, MD.
- Chapter 107. Bladder CancerPhilip W Kantoff, MD, Anthony L Zietman, MD, and Kenneth Wishnow, MD.
- Chapter 108. Neoplasms of the ProstateWilliam K OH, MD, Mark Hurwitz, MD, Anthony V D’Amico, MD, Jerome P Richie, MD, and Philip W Kantoff, MD.
- Introduction
- Epidemiology and Risk Factors
- Biology of Prostate Cancer
- Screening for Prostate Cancer
- Diagnosis and Staging of Prostate Cancer
- Prognostic Factors in Localized Prostate Cancer
- Management of Localized Prostate Cancer
- Radical Prostatectomy
- Radiation Therapy
- Comparison of Treatment Options
- Management of Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer
- Management of Disseminated Cancer
- Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer
- New Approaches to Prostate Cancer Therapy
- References
- Chapter 109. Neoplasms of the PenisVictor A Marcial, MD, A. Puras, MD, and V. A Marcial-Vega, MD.
- Chapter 110. Neoplasms of the TestisCraig R Nichols, MD, Robert Timmerman, MD, Richard S Foster, MD, Bruce J Roth, MD, and Lawrence H Einhorn, MD.
- Epidemiology
- Pathology
- Clinical Presentation
- Staging
- Therapy
- Treatment Versus Cancer Stage
- Therapy for Disseminated Disease
- Treatment of Good-Risk Disseminated Germ Cell Tumors
- Treatment of Patients with “Poor-Risk” Disseminated Disease
- High-Dose Chemotherapy
- Treatment of Multiply Recurrent Germ Cell Cancer
- Special Situations
- Long-Term Toxicity of Chemotherapy
- Long-Term Toxicity of Radiation Therapy
- Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors
- References
- Chapter 105. Renal Cell Carcinoma
- Section 31. Neoplasms of the Female Reproductive Organs
- Chapter 111. Neoplasms of the Vulva and VaginaJacob Rotmensch, MD and Arthur L Herbst, MD.
- Chapter 112. Neoplasms of the CervixJ. Taylor Wharton, MD and Guillermo Tortolero-Luna, MD.
- Chapter 113. Endometrial CancerCarmel J Cohen, MD, Gillian M Thomas, MD, and George S Hagopian, MD.
- Chapter 114. Neoplasms of the Fallopian TubeCarmel J Cohen, MD, Gillian M Thomas, MD, and George S Hagopian, MD.
- Chapter 115. Ovarian CancerJonathan S Berek, MD, Gillian M Thomas, MD, and Robert F Ozols, MD.
- Chapter 116. Gestational Trophoblastic DiseaseRoss S Berkowitz, MD and Donald P Goldstein, MD.
- Chapter 117. Gynecologic SarcomasCarmel J Cohen, MD, Gillian M Thomas, MD, and George S Hagopian, MD.
- Clinical Profile
- Diagnosis
- Sarcoma-Like Variants
- Patterns of Spread
- Prognostic Factors and Prognosis
- Nonuterine Gynecologic Sarcomas
- Surgical Treatment
- Postsurgical Therapy for Gynecologic Sarcomas
- Hormone Therapy
- Radiation Therapy for Leiomyosarcoma
- Radiation Therapy for Malignant Mixed Müllerian Tumors
- Chemotherapy
- References
- Chapter 111. Neoplasms of the Vulva and Vagina
- Section 32. Neoplasms of the Breast
- Chapter 118. Neoplasms of the BreastRichard G Margolese, MD, Bernard Fisher, MD, Gabriel N Hortobagyi, MD, and William D Bloomer, MD.
- Pathology
- Relation of Tumor Characteristics to Outcome
- Epidemiology
- Risk Factors
- Breast Cancer Biology
- Natural History and Prognostic Markers
- Diagnosis and Screening
- Psychosocial Aspects of Breast Cancer
- Surgical Biology
- Systemic Adjuvant Therapy
- Issues for Further Study Regarding Therapy
- Management of Metastatic Breast Cancer
- New Drugs
- Prevention of Invasive Breast Cancer in Women with Intraductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS)
- Prevention of Invasive Breast Cancer in Women at Increased Risk
- Perspectives
- References
- Chapter 118. Neoplasms of the Breast
- Section 33. Neoplasms of the Skin
- Chapter 119. Neoplasms of the SkinThomas B Fitzpatrick, MD.
- Chapter 119. Neoplasms of the Skin
- Section 34. Malignant Melanoma
- Chapter 120. Malignant MelanomaDonald L Morton, MD, Richard Essner, MD, John M Kirkwood, MD, and Robert C Wollman, MD.
- History of Melanoma
- Epidemiology and Etiology
- Precursor Lesions
- Clinical Characteristics
- Prognostic Features of Clinically Localized Disease
- Prognostic Features of Regional Lymph Node Metastases
- Prognostic Features of Distant Metastases
- Management of Primary Melanoma
- Management of Regional Lymph Nodes
- Management of Distant Metastases
- Future Horizons
- References
- Chapter 120. Malignant Melanoma
- Section 35. Neoplasms of the Bone and Soft Tissue
- Chapter 121. Bone TumorsGerald Rosen, MD, Charles A Forscher, MD, Henry J Mankin, MD, and Michael T Selch, MD.
- Chapter 122. Sarcomas of Nonosseous TissuesPeter W T Pisters, MD, Brian O’Sullivan, MD, and George D Demetri, MD.
- Etiology and Screening
- Clinical Presentation, Classification, and Diagnosis
- Staging and Prognostic Factors
- Treatment of Localized Primary Soft-Tissue Sarcoma
- Treatment of Locally Advanced Disease
- Treatment of Metastatic Soft-Tissue Sarcoma
- Specific Clinical Situations
- Special Issues in Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Management
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 121. Bone Tumors
- Section 36. Neoplasms of the Hematopoitic System
- Chapter 123. Myelodysplastic SyndromeLewis R Silverman, MD.
- Chapter 124. Acute Myeloid Leukemia in AdultsCharles A Schiffer, MD and Richard M Stone, MD.
- Chapter 125. Chronic Myeloid LeukemiaRichard T Silver, MD.
- Incidence and Epidemiology
- Etilogy
- Clinical and Hematologic Characteristics
- Terminal Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
- Pathophysiology
- Cytogenetics
- Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Test
- Molecular Biology of CML
- Treatment
- Treatment of Blast Crisis
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Cytogenetic and Molecular Follow-Up
- Future Directions
- References
- Chapter 126. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia in AdultsCharles A Schiffer, MD and Richard A Larson, MD.
- Chapter 127. Chronic Lymphocytic LeukemiaKanti R Rai, MD and Michael J Keating, MD.
- Chapter 128. Hairy-Cell LeukemiaHarvey M Golomb, MD and James Vardiman, MD.
- Chapter 129. Hodgkin’s DiseasePeter Mauch, MD and James O Armitage, MD.
- Chapter 130. Non–Hodgkin’s LymphomasArnold S Freedman, MD and Lee M Nadler, MD.
- Chapter 131. Mycosis Fungoides and the Sézary SyndromeYoun H Kim, MD and Richard T Hoppe, MD.
- Chapter 132. Plasma Cell TumorsKenneth C Anderson, MD.
- Chapter 133. Mast Cell Leukemia and Other Mast Cell NeoplasmsRichard M Stone, MD and Steven H Bernstein, MD.
- Chapter 134. Polycythemia Vera and Essential ThrombocythemiaScott Murphy, MD.
- Chapter 123. Myelodysplastic Syndrome
- Section 37. Neoplasms in AIDS
- Section 38. Neoplasms of Unknown Primary Site
- Chapter 136. Neoplasms of Unknown Primary SiteJohn D Hainsworth, MD and F. Anthony Greco, MD.
- Chapter 136. Neoplasms of Unknown Primary Site
- Section 39. Neoplasms in Children
- Chapter 137A. Principles and Practice of Pediatric OncologyMichael A Weiner, MD.
- Chapter 137B. Incidence, Origins, EpidemiologyLeslie L Robison, PhD.
- Chapter 137C. Principles of Pediatric Radiation OncologyJohn C Breneman, MD and Ashwatha Narayana, MD.
- Chapter 137D. Late Effects of Treatment of Cancer in Children and AdolescentsDaniel M Green, MD.
- Chapter 138A. Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaPaul S Gaynon, MD, Michael E Trigg, MD, and Fatih M Uckun, MD.
- Chapter 138B. Pediatric Acute Myeloid LeukemiaRichard Aplenc, MD and Beverly Lange, MD.
- Chapter 138C. Hodgkin’s Disease in Children and AdolescentsAllen Chauvenet, MD, Cindy L Schwartz, MD, and Michael A Weiner, MD.
- Chapter 138D. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in ChildrenMitchell S Cairo, MD and Sherrie Perkins, MD.
- Chapter 138E. Langerhans’ Cell HistiocytosisKara M Kelly, MD.
- Chapter 139A. Hepatic TumorsMarcio Henrique Malogolowkin, MD.
- Chapter 139B. Renal Tumors of ChildhoodPaul E Grundy, MD, Daniel M Green, MD, Norman E Breslow, PhD, Michael L Ritchey, MD, and Patrick R M Thomas, MB.
- Chapter 139C. Germ Cell TumorsBarbara Cushing, MD and Neyssa Marina, MD.
- Chapter 139D. NeuroblastomaKatherine K Matthay, MD and Darrell J Yamashiro, MD.
- Chapter 139E. Soft Tissue Sarcomas of ChildhoodLeonard H Wexler, MD and Lee J Helman, MD.
- Chapter 137A. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Oncology
- Section 40. Complications of Cancer and its treatment
- Chapter 140. Management of Cancer PainAlan C Carver, MD and Kathleen M Foley, MD.
- Scope of the Problem
- Barriers to Cancer Pain Management
- Mechanisms of Cancer Pain
- Neurophysiology of Pain
- Types of Pain
- Common Pain Syndromes in Patients with Cancer
- Strategy for Assessment and Treatment
- Pharmacologic Approaches
- Psychological and Behavioral Approaches
- Anesthetic Approaches
- Neurosurgical Approaches
- Sedation in the Imminently Dying
- References
- Chapter 141. Anorexia and CachexiaTakao Ohnuma, MD.
- Chapter 142. Antiemetic TherapyRichard J Gralla, MD.
- Chapter 143. Neurologic ComplicationsLisa M DeAngelis, MD and Jerome B Posner, MD.
- Chapter 144. Dermatologic Complications of Cancer ChemotherapyNarin Apisarnthanarax, MD and Madeleine Duvic, MD.
- Alopecia
- Stomatitis
- Nail Reactions
- Extravasation Reactions
- Hyperpigmentation
- Radiation-Associated Reactions
- Photosensitivity Reactions
- Inflammation of Keratoses
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Acral Erythema
- Neutrophilic Eccrine Hidradenitis
- Eccrine Squamous Syringometaplasia
- Cutaneous Eruption of Lymphocyte Recovery
- Cytokine and Miscellaneous Reactions
- References
- Chapter 145. Skeletal ComplicationsSamuel Kenan, MD and Gabriel N Hortobagyi, MD.
- Chapter 146. Hematologic Complications and Blood Bank SupportKenneth C Anderson, MD.
- Normal Hematopoiesis
- Hematopoiesis
- Causes of Pancytopenia
- Abnormalities of Red Cells and Red Cell Support
- Abnormalities of White Cells and White Cell Support
- Abnormalities of Platelets and Platelet Support
- Other Therapeutic Modalities
- Effects of Transfusion on the Immune System
- Transfusion-Associated Graft-Versus-Host Disease
- Transfusion-Related Infectious Diseases
- Future Directions in Blood Component Therapy
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 147. Coagulopathic Complications of CancerSabine Eichinger, MD and Kenneth A Bauer, MD.
- Chapter 148. Urologic ComplicationsChristopher J Logothetis, MD and Jose E Sarriera, MD.
- Chapter 149. Cardiac ComplicationsMichael S Ewer, MD and Robert S Benjamin, MD.
- Chapter 150. Respiratory ComplicationsRoy B Jones, PhD.
- Chapter 151. Liver Function and Hepatotoxicity in CancerLaurie D DeLeve, MD.
- Chapter 152. Gastrointestinal ComplicationsFrank A Sinicrope, MD and Bernard Levin, MD.
- Esophageal Carcinoma
- Esophagitis
- Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
- Pseudomembranous Colitis
- Typhlitis
- Chemotherapy-Related Ileus
- Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction
- Diarrhea
- Hepatic Complications of Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Infectious Hepatitis
- Acute Pancreatitis
- Radiation Coloproctitis and Proctitis
- Anorectal Complications
- References
- Chapter 153. Oral ComplicationsStephen T Sonis, DMD.
- Chapter 154. Gonadal ComplicationsCatherine E Klein, MD.
- Chapter 155. Endocrine ComplicationsS. Jim Yeung, MD and Robert F Gagel, MD.
- Chapter 156. Secondary Cancers: Incidence, Risk Factors, and ManagementSusan R Rheingold, MD, Alfred I Neugut, MD, and Anna T Meadows, MD.
- Chapter 140. Management of Cancer Pain
- Section 41. Infections in Patients with Cancer
- Chapter 157. Infections in Patients with CancerKenneth V I Rolston, MD and Gerald P Bodey, MD.
- Factors Responsible for increased Susceptibility to Infections
- Bacterial Infections
- Fungal Infections
- Viral Infections
- Protozoal Infections
- Other Parasitic Infections
- Abdominal Infection
- Perianal Infections
- Skin Infections
- Therapy of Infections in Neutropenic Patients
- Infection Prevention
- Perspectives
- References
- Chapter 157. Infections in Patients with Cancer
- Section 42. Oncologic Emergencies
- Chapter 158. Oncologic EmergenciesJohn C Morris, MD and James F Holland, MD.
- Chapter 158. Oncologic Emergencies
- Section 43. Oncology and the Information Revolution
- Chapter 159. Oncology and the Information RevolutionEdward P Ambinder, MD.
- Healthcare Policy and Information Technology
- Medical and Oncologic Informatics
- Information Overload
- Overview of Computers
- Personal Digital Assistant
- Internet
- Information Management
- Major Medical Databases of Interest to the Oncologist
- Clinical and Research Uses of Computers in Medical Oncology
- Oncology office and Hospital Information Systems
- References
- Chapter 159. Oncology and the Information Revolution
An approved publication of the American Cancer Society
Associate Editor: Ted S Gansler, MD, MBA, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
Notice: The authors and publisher have made every effort to ensure that the patient care recommended herein, including choice of drugs and drug dosages, is in accord with the accepted standard and practice at the time of publication. However, since research and regulation constantly change clinical standards, the reader is urged to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug, which includes recommended doses, warnings, and contraindications. This is particular important with new or infrequently used drugs.
- Holland-Frei Cancer MedicineHolland-Frei Cancer Medicine
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