U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

Jonas DE, Garbutt JC, Brown JM, et al. Screening, Behavioral Counseling, and Referral in Primary Care To Reduce Alcohol Misuse [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2012 Jul. (Comparative Effectiveness Reviews, No. 64.)

  • This publication is provided for historical reference only and the information may be out of date.

This publication is provided for historical reference only and the information may be out of date.

Cover of Screening, Behavioral Counseling, and Referral in Primary Care To Reduce Alcohol Misuse

Screening, Behavioral Counseling, and Referral in Primary Care To Reduce Alcohol Misuse [Internet].

Show details

Appendix BList of Excluded Studies

Wrong language

  1. Andreasson S, Eklund AB. [Alcohol abuse prevention in health care services: screening methods and motivational counseling]. Läkartidningen. 1999 Mar 31;96(13):1594–8. [PubMed: 10218343]
  2. Ballesteros J, Arino J, Gonzalez-Pinto A, et al. [Effectiveness of medical advice for reducing excessive alcohol consumption. Meta-analysis of Spanish studies in primary care]. Gac Sanit. 2003 Mar-Apr;17(2):116–22. [PubMed: 12729538]
  3. Fernandez San Martin MI, Bermejo Caja CJ, Alonso Perez M, et al. [Effectiveness of brief medical counseling to reduce drinkers' alcohol consumption]. Aten Primaria. 1997 Feb 28;19(3):127–32. [PubMed: 9264626]
  4. Larrosa Saez P, Vernet Vernet M, Sender Palacios MJ, et al. [Intervention for alcoholism control among chronic drinkers in primary care]. Aten Primaria. 2000 Apr 30;25(7):489–92. [PMC free article: PMC7679493] [PubMed: 10851754]
  5. Lopez-Marina V, Pizarro Romero G, Alcolea Garcia R, et al. [Screening and effectiveness evaluation of a brief intervention in risk drinkers seen in primary health care]. Aten Primaria. 2005 Sep 30;36(5):261–8. [PMC free article: PMC7681800] [PubMed: 16194494]
  6. Minozzi S, Grilli R. Revisione sistematica degli studi sulla efficacia degli interventi di prevenzione primaria dell'abuso di alcool fra gli adolescenti. [The systematic review of studies on the efficacy of interventions for the primary prevention of alcohol abuse among adolescents]. Epidemiologia e Prevenzione. 1997;(3):180–8. (Structured abstract) DARE-11998003207. [PubMed: 9424434]
  7. Rumpf HJ, Bischof G, Freyer-Adam J, et al. [Assessment of problematic alcohol use]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2009 Nov;134(47):2392–3. [PubMed: 19911327]
  8. Segura Garcia L, Gual Sole A, Montserrat Mestre O, et al. [Detection and handling of alcohol problems in primary care in Catalonia]. Aten Primaria. 2006 May 31;37(9):484–8. [PMC free article: PMC7668911] [PubMed: 16756871]
  9. Struzzo P. [Prevention of alcohol-related problems. From therapy to primary health care: experience at the Udine “Healthy City”]. Recenti Prog Med. 1999 Feb;90(2):69–72. [PubMed: 10208095]

Wrong publication type or study design

  1. Acamprosate (Campral) for alcoholism. Conn Med. 2005 Apr;69(4):227–8. [PubMed: 15926637]
  2. Acamprosate facilitates the maintenance of abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients after alcohol withdrawal. Drugs and Therapy Perspectives. 2006;22(3):1–4.
  3. Acamprosate for the maintenance of abstinence in alcohol dependence. British Journal of Clinical Governance. 1999;4(4):161–5.
  4. Ades J, Lejoyeux M. Clinical evaluation of acamprosate to reduce alcohol intake. Alcohol Alcohol Suppl. 1993;2:275–8. [PubMed: 7748311]
  5. Alexander CN, Robinson P, Rainforth M. Treating and preventing alcohol, nicotine, and drug abuse through transcendental meditation: A review and statistical meta-analysis. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. 1994;11(1-2):13–87.
  6. Allen JP, Litten RZ. Alcoholics with collateral psychopathology: Issues and research findings. Alcoholism. 1998;34(1-2):47–56.
  7. Amaro H, Arevalo S, Gonzalez G, et al. Needs and scientific opportunities for research on substance abuse treatment among Hispanic adults. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2006;84(SUPPL.):S64–S75. [PubMed: 16766137]
  8. Andersen M, Paliwoda J, Kaczynski R, et al. Integrating Medical and Substance Abuse Treatment for Addicts Living with HIV/AIDS: Evidence-Based Nursing Practice Model. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 2003;29(4):847–59. [PubMed: 14713143]
  9. Angelini M, Brahmbhatt Y. A review of the pharmacologic options for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Formulary. 2007;42(1):14–31.
  10. Annis HM. A cognitive-social learning approach to relapse: pharmacotherapy and relapse prevention counselling. Alcohol Alcohol Suppl. 1991;1:527–30. [PubMed: 1845593]
  11. Anton RF, Swift RM. Current pharmacotherapies of alcoholism: A U.S. perspective. American Journal on Addictions. 2003;12(SUPPL. 1):S53–S68. [PubMed: 14972780]
  12. Anton RF. Pharmacologic approaches to the management of alcoholism. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2001;62(SUPPL. 20):11–7. [PubMed: 11584870]
  13. Arthur D. Alcohol-related problems: a critical review of the literature and directions in nurse education. Nurse Educ Today. 1998 Aug;18(6):477–87. [PubMed: 9847741]
  14. Assanangkornchai S, Srisurapanont M. The treatment of alcohol dependence. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 2007;20(3):222–7. [PubMed: 17415073]
  15. Babor TF, Grant M, Acuda W, et al. A randomized clinical trial of brief interventions in primary care: summary of a WHO project. Addiction. 1994 Jun;89(6):657–60. discussion 60-78. [PubMed: 8069168]
  16. Babor TF, McRee BG, Kassebaum PA, et al. Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT): toward a public health approach to the management of substance abuse. Subst Abus. 2007;28(3):7–30. [PubMed: 18077300]
  17. Babor TF. Avoiding the horrid and beastly sin of drunkenness: Does dissuasion make a difference? Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 1994;62(6):1127–40. [PubMed: 7860811]
  18. Back SE, Jackson JL, Sonne S, et al. Alcohol dependence and posttraumatic stress disorder: differences in clinical presentation and response to cognitive-behavioral therapy by order of onset. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2005 Jul;29(1):29–37. [PubMed: 15979529]
  19. Barth KS, Malcolm RJ. Disulfiram: An old therapeutic with new applications. CNS and Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets. 2010;9(1):5–12. [PubMed: 20201810]
  20. Bates ME, Bowden SC, Barry D. Neurocognitive impairment associated with alcohol use disorders: Implications for treatment. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology. 2002;10(3):193–212. [PubMed: 12233981]
  21. Beresford TP, Martin B. The evidence for drug treatment of alcohol dependence in liver transplant patients. Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation. 2007;12(2):176–81.
  22. Berglund M. A better widget? Three lessons for improving addiction treatment from a meta-analytical study. Addiction. 2005 Jun;100(6):742–50. [PubMed: 15918803]
  23. Bjornsson E, Nordlinder H, Olsson R. Clinical characteristics and prognostic markers in disulfiram-induced liver injury. J Hepatol. 2006 Apr;44(4):791–7. [PubMed: 16487618]
  24. Blow FC, Walton MA, Barry KL, et al. The relationship between alcohol problems and health functioning of older adults in primary care settings. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000 Jul;48(7):769–74. [PubMed: 10894315]
  25. Bradley KA, Bush KR, McDonell MB, et al. Screening for problem drinking: comparison of CAGE and AUDIT. Ambulatory Care Quality Improvement Project (ACQUIP). Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. J Gen Intern Med. 1998 Jun;13(6):379–88. [PMC free article: PMC1496970] [PubMed: 9669567]
  26. Bradley KA, DeBenedetti AF, Volk RJ, et al. AUDIT-C as a brief screen for alcohol misuse in primary care. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007 Jul;31(7):1208–17. [PubMed: 17451397]
  27. Bradley KA, Kivlahan DR, Zhou XH, et al. Using alcohol screening results and treatment history to assess the severity of at-risk drinking in Veterans Affairs primary care patients. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2004 Mar;28(3):448–55. [PubMed: 15084903]
  28. Brandsma JM, Pattison EM. The outcome of group psychotherapy alcoholics: an empirical review. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1985;11(1-2):151–62. [PubMed: 3904411]
  29. Brewer C. Supervised disulfiram is more effective in alcoholism than naltrexone or acamprosate - Or even psychotherapy: How it works and why it matters. Adicciones. 2005;17(4):285–96.
  30. Broyles LM, Gordon AJ. SBIRT implementation: moving beyond the interdisciplinary rhetoric. Subst Abus. 2010 Oct;31(4):221–3. [PubMed: 21038175]
  31. Budd KW, Ross-Alaolmolki K, Zeller RA. Two prenatal alcohol use screening instruments compared with a physiologic measure. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2000 Mar-Apr;29(2):129–36. [PubMed: 10750678]
  32. Bull LB, Kvigne VL, Leonardson GR, et al. Validation of a self-administered questionnaire to screen for prenatal alcohol use in Northern Plains Indian women. Am J Prev Med. 1999 Apr;16(3):240–3. [PubMed: 10198664]
  33. Bush K, Kivlahan DR, McDonell MB, et al. The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C): an effective brief screening test for problem drinking. Ambulatory Care Quality Improvement Project (ACQUIP). Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Arch Intern Med. 1998 Sep 14;158(16):1789–95. [PubMed: 9738608]
  34. Bush KR, Kivlahan DR, Davis TM, et al. The TWEAK is weak for alcohol screening among female Veterans Affairs outpatients. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2003 Dec;27(12):1971–8. [PubMed: 14691385]
  35. Cada DJ, Levien T, Baker DE. Acamprosate calcium delayed-release tablets. Hospital Pharmacy. 2004;39(12):1177–85.
  36. Campbell NRC, Ashley MJ, Carruthers SG, et al. Recommendations on alcohol consumption. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 1999;160(9 SUPPL.):S13–S20. [PMC free article: PMC1230335] [PubMed: 10333849]
  37. Carr-Gregg MRC, Enderby KC, Grover SR. Risk-taking behaviour of young women in Australia: Screening for health-risk behaviours. Medical Journal of Australia. 2003;178(12):601–4. [PubMed: 12797844]
  38. Carroll KM, Kosten TR, Rounsaville BJ. Choosing a behavioral therapy platform for pharmacotherapy of substance users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2004;75(2):123–34. [PMC free article: PMC3668430] [PubMed: 15276217]
  39. Carroll KM, Onken LS. Behavioral therapies for drug abuse. Am J Psychiatry. 2005 Aug;162(8):1452–60. [PMC free article: PMC3633201] [PubMed: 16055766]
  40. Carson G, Cox LV, Crane J, et al. Alcohol use and pregnancy consensus clinical guidelines. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2010 Aug;32(8 Suppl 3):S1–31. [PubMed: 21172102]
  41. Chander G, McCaul ME. Co-occurring psychiatric disorders in women with addictions. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 2003;30(3):469–81. [PubMed: 14664322]
  42. Chang G, McNamara TK, Wilkins-Haug L, et al. Estimates of prenatal abstinence from alcohol: a matter of perspective. Addictive Behaviors. 2007;(8):1593–601. CN-00617593. [PMC free article: PMC1949870] [PubMed: 17187936]
  43. Chang G, Wilkins-Haug L, Berman S, et al. Alcohol use and pregnancy: improving identification. Obstet Gynecol. 1998 Jun;91(6):892–8. [PubMed: 9610992]
  44. Chang G. Brief interventions for problem drinking and women. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2002;23(1):1–7. [PubMed: 12127463]
  45. Chick J. Naltrexone for 3 or 12 months in addition to psychosocial counselling did not reduce drinking in alcohol dependence. Evid Based Ment Health. 2002 Aug;5(3):80. [PubMed: 12180447]
  46. Cisler RA, Zweben A. Development of a composite measure for assessing alcohol treatment outcome: operationalization and validation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1999 Feb;23(2):263–71. [PubMed: 10069555]
  47. Clark DB, Bukstein O, Cornelius J. Alcohol use disorders in adolescents: Epidemiology, diagnosis, psychosocial interventions, and pharmacological treatment. Pediatric Drugs. 2002;4(8):493–502. [PubMed: 12126453]
  48. Clarke JG, Anderson BJ, Stein MD. Hazardously drinking women leaving jail: time to first drink. J Correct Health Care. 2011 Jan;17(1):61–8. [PMC free article: PMC4887099] [PubMed: 21278321]
  49. Cook RL, Chung T, Kelly TM, et al. Alcohol screening in young persons attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. Comparison of AUDIT, CRAFFT, and CAGE instruments. J Gen Intern Med. 2005 Jan;20(1):1–6. [PMC free article: PMC1490040] [PubMed: 15693920]
  50. Copeland LA, Blow FC, Barry KL. Health care utilization by older alcohol-using veterans: effects of a brief intervention to reduce at-risk drinking. Health Educ Behav. 2003 Jun;30(3):305–21. [PubMed: 19731498]
  51. Davoudi M, Rawson RA. Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) initiatives in California: notable trends, challenges, and recommendations. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2010 Sep Suppl 6:239–48. [PubMed: 21138200]
  52. Dawes MA, Johnson BA. Pharmacotherapeutic trials in adolescent alcohol use disorders: Opportunities and challenges. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 2004;39(3):166–77. [PubMed: 15082452]
  53. Denny CH, Serdula MK, Holtzman D, et al. Physician advice about smoking and drinking: Are U.S. adults being informed? American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2003;24(1):71–4. [PubMed: 12554026]
  54. Desai MM, Rosenheck RA, Craig TJ. Screening for alcohol use disorders among medical outpatients: the influence of individual and facility characteristics. Am J Psychiatry. 2005 Aug;162(8):1521–6. [PubMed: 16055775]
  55. Devos-Comby L, Lange JE. Standardized measures of alcohol-related problems: a review of their use among college students. Psychol Addict Behav. 2008 Sep;22(3):349–61. [PubMed: 18778128]
  56. DiClemente CC, Haug N, Bellino L, et al. Psychotherapy and motivational enhancement. Recent Dev Alcohol. 2003;16:115–32. [PubMed: 12638634]
  57. Diehl A, Ulmer L, Mutschler J, et al. Why is disulfiram superior to acamprosate in the routine clinical setting? A retrospective long-term study in 353 alcohol-dependent patients. Alcohol Alcohol. 2010 May-Jun;45(3):271–7. [PubMed: 20348436]
  58. DiPaula B. The difficulties of dual diagnosis: Alcoholism and depression. Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 1997;10(5):307–15.
  59. Donovan DM. Efficacy and effectiveness: complementary findings from two multisite trials evaluating outcomes of alcohol treatments differing in theoretical orientations. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1999 Mar;23(3):564–72. [PubMed: 10195834]
  60. Doran CM, Shakeshaft AP, Fawcett JE. General practitioners' role in preventive medicine: scenario analysis using alcohol as a case study. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2004 Dec;23(4):399–404. [PubMed: 15763744]
  61. Durand MA. General practice involvement in the management of alcohol misuse: Dynamics and resistances. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1994;35(3):181–9. [PubMed: 7956746]
  62. Espino D, Cruz MP. Acamprosate calcium (Campral(registered trademark)): An effective treatment for maintaining abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients in combination with psychosocial support: Acamprosate calcium (Campral(registered trademark)) may help in maintaining abstinence from alcohol. P and T. 2005;30(9):497–501+5.
  63. Farren CK, Rezvani AH, Overstreet D, et al. Combination pharmacotherapy in alcoholism: A novel treatment approach. CNS Spectrums. 2000;5(2):70–6. [PubMed: 18297000]
  64. Fernandez Garcia JA, Ruiz Moral R, Perula De Torres L, et al. Feasibility of general practitioner intervention in alcoholics and patients with excessive alcohol intake. European Journal of General Practice. 2002;8(3):109–12.
  65. Fiellin DA, Reid MC, O'Connor PG. New therapies for alcohol problems: Application to primary care. American Journal of Medicine. 2000;108(3):227–37. [PubMed: 10723977]
  66. Finfgeld-Connett D. Alcohol brief interventions. Annu Rev Nurs Res. 2005;23:363–87. [PubMed: 16350770]
  67. Florez G, Saiz P, Garcia-Portilla P, et al. Association between the Stin2 VNTR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene and treatment outcome in alcohol-dependent patients. Alcohol Alcohol. 2008 Sep-Oct;43(5):516–22. [PubMed: 18552399]
  68. Flynn HA, Marcus SM, Barry KL, et al. Rates and correlates of alcohol use among pregnant women in obstetrics clinics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2003 Jan;27(1):81–7. [PubMed: 12544010]
  69. Foster RH, McClellan KJ. Acamprosate: Pharmacoeconomic implications of therapy. PharmacoEconomics. 1999;16(6):743–55. [PubMed: 10724798]
  70. Fromme K, Marlatt GA, Baer JS, et al. The Alcohol Skills Training Program: a group intervention for young adult drinkers. J Subst Abuse Treat. 1994 Mar-Apr;11(2):143–54. [PubMed: 8040918]
  71. Gallant D. Amethystic agents and adjunct behavioral therapy and psychotherapy. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1993 Feb;17(1):197–8. [PubMed: 8452203]
  72. Gallant DM. A controlled study of advice versus extended treatment. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1988 Oct;12(5):725–6. [PubMed: 3147606]
  73. Gaume J, Gmel G, Faouzi M, et al. Counselor skill influences outcomes of brief motivational interventions. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2009 Sep;37(2):151–9. [PubMed: 19339147]
  74. Gordis E, Fuller R. Project MATCH. Addiction. 1999;94(1):57–9. [PubMed: 10665095]
  75. Gordon AJ, Saitz R. Identification and management of alcohol use disorders in primary care. Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management. 2004;11(7):444–60.
  76. Gordon AJ. Screening the drinking: Identifying problem alcohol consumption in primary care settings. Advanced Studies in Medicine. 2006;6(3):137–47.
  77. Gray D, Saggers S, Sputore B, et al. What works? A review of evaluated alcohol misuse interventions among aboriginal Australians. Addiction. 2000 Jan;95(1):11–22. [PubMed: 10723822]
  78. Green AI, Noordsy DL, Brunette MF, et al. Substance abuse and schizophrenia: Pharmacotherapeutic intervention. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2008;34(1):61–71. [PMC free article: PMC2930488] [PubMed: 17574793]
  79. Hall RL. Alcohol treatment in American Indian populations: an indigenous treatment modality compared with traditional approaches. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1986;472:168–78. [PubMed: 3467611]
  80. Hall W, Heather N. Issue of statistical power in comparative evaluations of minimal and intensive controlled drinking interventions. Addict Behav. 1991;16(1-2):83–7. [PubMed: 2048462]
  81. Hall W. Patient matching in treatment for alcohol dependence: Is the null hypothesis still alive and well? Addiction. 1999;94(1):52–4. [PubMed: 10665092]
  82. Hampton T. Genes harbor clues to addiction, recovery. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2004;292(3):321–2. [PubMed: 15265836]
  83. Harrison TS, Plosker GL, Keam SJ. Extended-release intramuscular naltrexone. Drugs. 2006;66(13):1741–51. [PubMed: 16978037]
  84. Harrison TS, Plosker GL, Keam SJ. Extended-release intramuscular naltrexone in alcohol dependence in adults: Profile report. CNS Drugs. 2007;21(1):83–7. [PubMed: 17190531]
  85. Heather N. Effectiveness of brief interventions proved beyond reasonable doubt. Addiction. 2002 Mar;97(3):293–4. [PubMed: 11964102]
  86. Hodgson RJ, John B, Abbasi T, et al. Fast screening for alcohol misuse. Addict Behav. 2003 Oct;28(8):1453–63. [PubMed: 14512068]
  87. Hoes MJAJM. Relapse prevention in alcoholics. A review of acamprosate versus naltrexone. Clinical Drug Investigation. 1999;17(3):211–6.
  88. Holtrop JS, Dosh SA, Torres T, et al. The community health educator referral liaison (CHERL): a primary care practice role for promoting healthy behaviors. Am J Prev Med. 2008 Nov;35(5 Suppl):S365–72. [PubMed: 18929983]
  89. Horsfall J, Cleary M, Hunt GE, et al. Psychosocial treatments for people with co-occurring severe mental illnesses and substance use disorders (dual diagnosis): a review of empirical evidence. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2009;17(1):24–34. [PubMed: 19205964]
  90. Howard MO, McGuffin RW, Saxon AJ, et al. Clinical issues related to the costs of alcoholism. PharmacoEconomics. 1996;9(2):134–45. [PubMed: 10160092]
  91. Hughes JC, Cook CCH. The efficacy of disulfiram: A review of outcome studies. Addiction. 1997;92(4):381–95. [PubMed: 9177060]
  92. Hyman Z. Brief interventions for high-risk drinkers. J Clin Nurs. 2006 Nov;15(11):1383–96. [PubMed: 17038099]
  93. Jemmott JB 3rd. Eban health promotion intervention: conceptual basis and procedures. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Sep 1;49 Suppl 1:S28–34. [PMC free article: PMC2814167] [PubMed: 18724187]
  94. Jones BT, Corbin W, Fromme K. A review of expectancy theory and alcohol consumption. Addiction. 2001;96(1):57–72. [PubMed: 11177520]
  95. Jordan CO, Slater M, Kottke TE. Preventing chronic disease risk factors: rationale and feasibility. Medicina (Kaunas). 2008;44(10):745–50. [PubMed: 19001832]
  96. Jung YC, Namkoong K. Pharmacotheraphy for alcohol dependence: Anticraving medications for relapse prevention. Yonsei Medical Journal. 2006;47(2):167–78. [PMC free article: PMC2687624] [PubMed: 16642544]
  97. Jupp B, Lawrence AJ. New horizons for therapeutics in drug and alcohol abuse. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2010;125(1):138–68. [PubMed: 19917308]
  98. Kadden RM. Behavioral and cognitive-behavioral treatments for alcoholism: research opportunities. Recent Dev Alcohol. 2003;16:165–82. [PubMed: 12638637]
  99. Kaner E, Bland M, Cassidy P, et al. Screening and brief interventions for hazardous and harmful alcohol use in primary care: a cluster randomised controlled trial protocol. BMC Public Health. 2009;9:287. [PMC free article: PMC2734851] [PubMed: 19664255]
  100. Karam E, Kypri K, Salamoun M. Alcohol use among college students: an international perspective. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2007 May;20(3):213–21. [PubMed: 17415072]
  101. Kennedy WK, Leloux M, Kutscher EC, et al. Acamprosate. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2010 Mar;6(3):363–80. [PubMed: 20163323]
  102. Kiefer F, Wiedemann K. Combined therapy: what does acamprosate and naltrexone combination tell us? Alcohol Alcohol. 2004 Nov-Dec;39(6):542–7. [PubMed: 15456690]
  103. Kienast T, Heinz A. Therapy and supportive care of alcoholics: guidelines for practitioners. Dig Dis. 2005;23(3-4):304–9. [PubMed: 16508295]
  104. Kleber HD, Weiss RD, Anton RF Jr, et al. Treatment of patients with substance use disorders: Second edition. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2006;163(8 SUPPL.):1–81. [PubMed: 16981488]
  105. Klimas J, Field CA, Cullen W, et al. Psychosocial interventions for problem alcohol use in illicit drug users. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2011;(8)
  106. Krampe H, Stawicki S, Hoehe MR, et al. Outpatient Long-term Intensive Therapy for Alcoholics (OLITA): a successful biopsychosocial approach to the treatment of alcoholism. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2007;9(4):399–412. [PMC free article: PMC3202506] [PubMed: 18286800]
  107. Kranzler HR, Gage A. Acamprosate efficacy in alcohol-dependent patients: summary of results from three pivotal trials. Am J Addict. 2008 Jan-Feb;17(1):70–6. [PubMed: 18214726]
  108. Kranzler HR. Treatment of alcohol dependence. Liver Transplantation and Surgery. 1997;3(3):311–21. [PubMed: 9346757]
  109. Kypri K, McCambridge J, Wilson A, et al. Effects of Study Design and Allocation on participant behaviour--ESDA: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2011;12(1):42. [PMC free article: PMC3045904] [PubMed: 21320316]
  110. Kypri K, Saunders JB, Gallagher SJ. Acceptability of various brief intervention approaches for hazardous drinking among university students. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 2003;38(6):626–8. [PubMed: 14633653]
  111. Kypri K, Sitharthan T, Cunningham JA, et al. Innovative approaches to intervention for problem drinking. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 2005;18(3):229–34. [PubMed: 16639145]
  112. Lesch OM, Walter H. Subtypes of alcoholism and their role in therapy. Alcohol Alcohol. 1996 Mar;31 Suppl 1:63–7. [PubMed: 8737003]
  113. Levkoff SE, Chen H, Coakley E, et al. Design and sample characteristics of the PRISM-E multisite randomized trial to improve behavioral health care for the elderly. J Aging Health. 2004 Feb;16(1):3–27. [PubMed: 14979308]
  114. Littlejohn C. Does socio-economic status influence the acceptability of, attendance for, and outcome of, screening and brief interventions for alcohol misuse: a review. Alcohol Alcohol. 2006 Sep-Oct;41(5):540–5. [PubMed: 16855002]
  115. Littleton JM, De Witte P, Litten R, et al. Challenges to medications development in treating alcohol dependence: An international perspective. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 2004;39(4):271–5. [PubMed: 15208155]
  116. Longabaugh R, Zweben A, Locastro JS, et al. Origins, issues and options in the development of the combined behavioral intervention. J Stud Alcohol Suppl. 2005 Jul;(15):179–87. discussion 68-9. [PubMed: 16223069]
  117. Madras BK, Compton WM, Avula D, et al. Screening, brief interventions, referral to treatment (SBIRT) for illicit drug and alcohol use at multiple healthcare sites: comparison at intake and 6 months later. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009 Jan 1;99(1-3):280–95. [PMC free article: PMC2760304] [PubMed: 18929451]
  118. Malcolm R, Olive MF, Lechner W. The safety of disulfiram for the treatment of alcohol and cocaine dependence in randomized clinical trials: guidance for clinical practice. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2008 Jul;7(4):459–72. [PubMed: 18613809]
  119. Mannelli P, Peindl K, Masand PS, et al. Long-acting injectable naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. 2007;7(10):1265–77. [PubMed: 17939765]
  120. Martens MP, Cimini MD, Barr AR, et al. Implementing a screening and brief intervention for high-risk drinking in university-based health and mental health care settings: Reductions in alcohol use and correlates of success. Addictive Behaviors. 2007;32(11):2563–72. First Author & Affiliation: Martens, Matthew P. [PubMed: 17574769]
  121. Martinus T, Anderson B, Carter H. Counselling for alcohol problems in primary care in Forth Valley--an innovative approach? Health Bull (Edinb). 2001 May;59(3):158–62. [PubMed: 12664755]
  122. Mason BJ. Acamprosate and naltrexone treatment for alcohol dependence: an evidence-based risk-benefits assessment. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2003 Dec;13(6):469–75. [PubMed: 14636963]
  123. McCarty D. Performance measurement for systems treating alcohol and drug use disorders. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2007;33(4):353–4. [PMC free article: PMC2128733] [PubMed: 17596902]
  124. McCaul ME, Petry NM. The role of psychosocial treatments in pharmacotherapy for alcoholism. American Journal on Addictions. 2003;12(SUPPL. 1):S41–S52. [PubMed: 14972779]
  125. McGovern MP, Carroll KM. Evidence-based practices for substance use disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 2003;26(4):991–1010. [PMC free article: PMC3678283] [PubMed: 14711132]
  126. McGrath PJ, Nunes EV, Quitkin FM. Current concepts in the treatment of depression in alcohol-dependent patients. Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 2000;23(4):695–711. [PubMed: 11147242]
  127. McKay JR, Maisto SA. An overview and critique of advances in the treatment of alcohol use disorders. Drugs and Society. 1993;8(1):1–29.
  128. McKay JR. Is there a case for extended interventions for alcohol and drug use disorders? Addiction. 2005;100(11):1594–610. First Author & Affiliation: McKay, James R. [PubMed: 16277622]
  129. McMurran M. A framework for the treatment of alcohol-related aggression and violence. Journal of Substance Use. 2001;6(3):139–44.
  130. Mealy NE, Bayes M, Lupone B, et al. Drugs under development for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Drugs of the Future. 2006;31(3):266–84.
  131. Meberg A, Halvorsen B, Holter B, et al. Moderate alcohol consumption--need for intervention programs in pregnancy? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1986;65(8):861–4. [PubMed: 3825527]
  132. Meza E, Kranzler HR. Closing the gap between alcoholism research and practice: The case for pharmacotherapy. Psychiatric Services. 1996;47(9):917–20. [PubMed: 8875651]
  133. Mezzani L, Patussi V, Rossi A, et al. Establishing an Italian general practitioner brief intervention pilot project for problem drinkers. Subst Use Misuse. 2007;42(12-13):1979–89. [PubMed: 18075922]
  134. Miller JC. 12-Step treatment for alcohol and substance abuse revisited: Best available evidence suggests lack of effectiveness or harm. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2008;6(4):568–76. First Author & Affiliation: Miller, John Clark.
  135. Miller NS. Pharmacotherapy in alcoholism. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. 1995;12(2):129–52.
  136. Minozzi S, Amato L, Vecchi S, et al. Psychosocial treatments for drugs and alcohol abusing adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2011;(3)
  137. Modesto-Lowe V, Boornazian A. Screening and brief intervention in the management of early problem drinkers: Integration into healthcare settings. Disease Management and Health Outcomes. 2000;8(3):129–37.
  138. Modesto-Lowe V, Van Kirk J. Clinical uses of naltrexone: A review of the evidence. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology. 2002;10(3):213–27. [PubMed: 12233982]
  139. Moyer A, Finney JW. Randomized versus nonrandomized studies of alcohol treatment: participants, methodological features and posttreatment functioning. J Stud Alcohol. 2002 Sep;63(5):542–50. [PubMed: 12380850]
  140. Nava F, Vendramin A, Manzato E, et al. New frontiers in alcoholism and addiction treatment. Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery. 2010;5(1):81–94. [PubMed: 19751210]
  141. Nilsen P. Brief alcohol intervention--where to from here? Challenges remain for research and practice. Addiction. 2010 Jun;105(6):954–9. [PubMed: 20121717]
  142. Noordsy DL, Green AI. Pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia and co-occuring substance use disorders. Current psychiatry reports. 2003;5(5):340–6. [PubMed: 13678553]
  143. O'Brien CP. Efficacy and tolerability of long-acting injectable naltrexone for alcohol dependence. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2005 Oct;7(5):327–8. [PubMed: 16216149]
  144. O'Farrell TJ. Marital therapy and spouse-involved treatment with alcoholic patients. Behavior therapy. 1994;25(3):391–406.
  145. Ogborne AC. Identifying and treating patients with alcohol-related problems. CMAJ. 2000 Jun 13;162(12):1705–8. [PMC free article: PMC1232509] [PubMed: 10870503]
  146. Olfson M, Tobin JN, Cassells A, et al. Improving the detection of drug abuse, alcohol abuse, and depression in community health centers. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2003 Aug;14(3):386–402. [PubMed: 12955918]
  147. Overman GP, Teter CJ, Guthrie SK. Acamprosate for the adjunctive treatment of alcohol dependence. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2003;37(7-8):1090–9. [PubMed: 12841823]
  148. Pal HR, Jena R, Yadav D. Validation of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in urban community outreach and de-addiction center samples in north India. J Stud Alcohol. 2004 Nov;65(6):794–800. [PubMed: 15700518]
  149. Pelc I, Ansoms C, Lehert P, et al. The European NEAT program: an integrated approach using acamprosate and psychosocial support for the prevention of relapse in alcohol-dependent patients with a statistical modeling of therapy success prediction. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2002 Oct;26(10):1529–38. [PubMed: 12394286]
  150. Perepletchikova F, Krystal JH, Kaufman J. Practitioner review: adolescent alcohol use disorders: assessment and treatment issues. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008 Nov;49(11):1131–54. [PMC free article: PMC4113213] [PubMed: 19017028]
  151. Perngparn U, Assanangkornchai S, Pilley C, et al. Drug and alcohol services in middle-income countries. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 2008;21(3):229–33. [PubMed: 18382219]
  152. Persson J. Detection and intervention of excessive drinking in somatic outpatient care. Alcohol Alcohol Suppl. 1991;1:465–72. [PubMed: 1845579]
  153. Petrakis IL, Leslie D, Rosenheck R. Use of naltrexone in the treatment of alcoholism nationally in the Department of Veterans Affairs. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2003 Nov;27(11):1780–4. [PubMed: 14634494]
  154. Petry NM. Alcohol use in HIV patients: What we don't know may hurt us. International Journal of STD and AIDS. 1999;10(9):561–70. [PubMed: 10492422]
  155. Pettinati HM, Rabinowitz AR. Choosing the right medication for the treatment of alcoholism. Current psychiatry reports. 2006;8(5):383–8. [PubMed: 16968619]
  156. Poldrugo F, Haeger DA, Comte S, et al. A critical review of pharmacoeconomic studies of acamprosate. Alcohol Alcohol. 2005 Sep-Oct;40(5):422–30. [PubMed: 15939706]
  157. Prisciandaro JJ, Myrick DH. Co-morbid bipolar and alcohol use disorders: A treatment-focused review. Journal of Dual Diagnosis. 2010;6(2):171–88.
  158. Quanbeck A, Lang K, Enami K, et al. A cost-benefit analysis of Wisconsin's screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment program: adding the employer's perspective. WMJ. 2010 Feb;109(1):9–14. [PMC free article: PMC2957302] [PubMed: 20942294]
  159. Redgrave GW, Swartz KL, Romanoski AJ. Alcohol misuse by women. International Review of Psychiatry. 2003;15(3):256–68. [PubMed: 15276964]
  160. Rosenthal RN, Brady KT, Levounis P, et al. Advances in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2007;68(7):1117–28. [PubMed: 17685751]
  161. Rosenthal RN, Gage A, Perhach JL, et al. Acamprosate: Safety and tolerability in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Journal of Addiction Medicine. 2008;2(1):40–50. First Author & Affiliation: Rosenthal, Richard N. [PubMed: 21768971]
  162. Rubinsky AD, Kivlahan DR, Volk RJ, et al. Estimating risk of alcohol dependence using alcohol screening scores. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010 Apr 1;108(1-2):29–36. [PMC free article: PMC2835806] [PubMed: 20042299]
  163. Russell M, Martier SS, Sokol RJ, et al. Detecting risk drinking during pregnancy: a comparison of four screening questionnaires. Am J Public Health. 1996 Oct;86(10):1435–9. [PMC free article: PMC1380656] [PubMed: 8876514]
  164. Russell M, Martier SS, Sokol RJ, et al. Screening for pregnancy risk-drinking. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1994 Oct;18(5):1156–61. [PubMed: 7847599]
  165. Rychlik R, Siedentop H, Pfeil T, et al. Cost-effectiveness of adjuvant treatment with acamprosate in maintaining abstinence in alcohol dependent patients. Eur Addict Res. 2003 Apr;9(2):59–64. [PubMed: 12644731]
  166. Rydon P, Redman S, Sanson-Fisher RW, et al. Detection of alcohol-related problems in general practice. J Stud Alcohol. 1992 May;53(3):197–202. [PubMed: 1583898]
  167. Saitz R, Horton NJ, Cheng DM, et al. Alcohol counseling reflects higher quality of primary care. J Gen Intern Med. 2008 Sep;23(9):1482–6. [PMC free article: PMC2518021] [PubMed: 18618204]
  168. Salaspuro M. Intervention against hazardous alcohol consumption--secondary prevention of alcohol problems. In: Berglund M, Thelander S, Jonsson E, editors. Treating alcohol and drug abuse: An evidence based review. Weinheim Germany: Wiley-VCH Veriag GmbH & Co KGaA; 2003. pp. 1–41.
  169. Sarkar M, Einarson T, Koren G. Comparing the effectiveness of TWEAK and T-ACE in determining problem drinkers in pregnancy. Alcohol Alcohol. 2010 Jul-Aug;45(4):356–60. [PubMed: 20497951]
  170. Saunders JB, Aasland OG, Babor TF, et al. Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO Collaborative Project on Early Detection of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption--II. Addiction. 1993 Jun;88(6):791–804. [PubMed: 8329970]
  171. Schuckit MA. Recent developments in the pharmacotherapy of alcohol dependence. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 1996;64(4):669–76. [PubMed: 8803356]
  172. Schweer LH. Pediatric SBIRT: understanding the magnitude of the problem. J Trauma Nurs. 2009 Jul-Sep;16(3):142–7. [PubMed: 19888019]
  173. Screening brief intervention and referral to treatment (SBIRT) saves lives and improves health. J Okla State Med Assoc. 2010 Jul;103(7):266–8. [PubMed: 20821926]
  174. Simkin DR, Grenoble S. Pharmacotherapies for Adolescent Substance Use Disorders. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 2010;19(3):591–608. [PubMed: 20682223]
  175. Simon J, Patel A, Sleed M. The costs of alcoholism. Journal of Mental Health. 2005;14(4):321–30.
  176. Slattery J. Pragmatic trials and the ARES study. Alcohol Alcohol. 2004 Nov-Dec;39(6):477. [PubMed: 15466897]
  177. Squires DD, Hester RK. Development of a computer-based, brief intervention for drinkers: The increasing role of computers in the assessment and treatment of addictive behaviors. the Behavior Therapist. 2002;25(3):59–65. First Author & Affiliation: Squires, David D.
  178. St John PD, Snow WM, Tyas SL. Alcohol use among older adults. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology. 2010;20(1):56–68.
  179. Stockwell T. Should a few hours of therapy change behaviour 3 years later? Addiction. 1999 Jan;94(1):50–2. [PubMed: 10665091]
  180. Swift RM. Effect of naltrexone on human alcohol consumption. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1995;56(Suppl 7):24–9. [PubMed: 7673102]
  181. Swift RM. Opioid antagonists and alcoholism treatment. CNS Spectrums. 2000;5(2):49–57. [PubMed: 18296998]
  182. Tambour S, Quertemont E. Preclinical and clinical pharmacology of alcohol dependence. Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology. 2007;21(1):9–28. [PubMed: 17227441]
  183. Thase ME, Salloum IM, Cornelius JD. Comorbid alcoholism and depression: Treatment issues. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2001;62(SUPPL. 20):32–41. [PubMed: 11584873]
  184. Thatcher DL, Clark DB. Adolescent alcohol abuse and dependence: Development, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes. Current Psychiatry Reviews. 2006;2(1):159–77.
  185. Tiet QQ, Mausbach B. Treatments for patients with dual diagnosis: A review. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 2007;31(4):513–36. PMID: [PubMed: 17374031]
  186. Toft U, Pisinger C, Aadahl M, et al. The impact of a population-based multi-factorial lifestyle intervention on alcohol intake: the Inter99 study. Prev Med. 2009 Aug-Sep;49(2-3):115–21. [PubMed: 19555710]
  187. Via RM. Screening and intervention for excessive drinking produce small results. Journal of Family Practice. 2004;53(1):15–6. [PubMed: 14709259]
  188. Vinson DC, Cooley FB. Outpatient management of alcohol abuse. Primary Care - Clinics in Office Practice. 1993;20(1):71–80. [PubMed: 8464949]
  189. Volpicelli JR. Alcohol abuse and alcoholism: An overview. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2001;62(SUPPL. 20):4–10. [PubMed: 11584874]
  190. Walburg JA, Vermeulen EC, Chick JD, et al. Towards a multi-functional diagnostic and evaluation instrument for international comparative research into the quality of the treatment of alcohol problems. Alcohol Alcohol Suppl. 1993;2:133–8. [PubMed: 7748290]
  191. Waterson EJ, Murray-Lyon IM. Preventing alcohol related birth damage: a review. Soc Sci Med. 1990;30(3):349–64. [PubMed: 2408151]
  192. West SL, Garbutt JC, Carey TS, et al. Pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ). 1999 Jan;(3):1–5. [PMC free article: PMC4781062] [PubMed: 11487800]
  193. Westra HA, Arkowitz H. Introduction. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. 2011;18(1):1–4.
  194. Wick JY, Zanni GR. Alcohol Use and the Elderly: Health Consequences and Intervention Strategies. Consultant Pharmacist. 2003;18(5):437–50.
  195. Wilbourne PL, Miller WR. Treatment for alcoholism: Older and wiser? Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. 2002;20(3-4):41–59.
  196. Williams EC, Lapham G, Achtmeyer CE, et al. Use of an electronic clinical reminder for brief alcohol counseling is associated with resolution of unhealthy alcohol use at follow-up screening. J Gen Intern Med. 2010 Jan;25 Suppl 1:11–7. [PMC free article: PMC2806961] [PubMed: 20077146]
  197. Winhusen TM, Kropp F. Psychosocial treatments for women with substance use disorders. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 2003;30(3):483–99. [PubMed: 14664323]
  198. Zachry WM III, Grizzle AJ, Munch EA. Understanding the costs and treatment of alcohol abuse and dependence. Formulary. 2002;37(8):407–16.

Wrong PICOTS element

  1. Abhyankar RR. Disulfiram in chronic alcoholism: a study of two treatment schedules. J Assoc Physicians India. 1985 Aug;33(8):517–21. [PubMed: 4055678]
  2. Adamson SJ, Heather N, Morton V, et al. Initial preference for drinking goal in the treatment of alcohol problems: II. Treatment outcomes. Alcohol Alcohol. 2010 Mar-Apr;45(2):136–42. [PubMed: 20130150]
  3. Adamson SJ, Sellman DJ, Dore GM. Therapy preference and treatment outcome in clients with mild to moderate alcohol dependence. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2005 May;24(3):209–16. [PubMed: 16096124]
  4. Adamson SJ, Sellman JD, Frampton CM. Patient predictors of alcohol treatment outcome: a systematic review. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2009 Jan;36(1):75–86. [PubMed: 18657940]
  5. Adamson SJ, Sellman JD. Five-year outcomes of alcohol-dependent persons treated with motivational enhancement. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2008 Jul;69(4):589–93. [PubMed: 18612575]
  6. Aertgeerts B, Buntinx F, Kester A. The value of the CAGE in screening for alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence in general clinical populations: a diagnostic meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2004;(1):30–9. (Structured abstract) DARE-12004000479. [PubMed: 15019008]
  7. Agosti V. The efficacy of controlled trials of alcohol misuse treatments in maintaining abstinence: a meta-analysis. International Journal of the Addictions. 1994;(6):759–69. (Structured abstract) DARE-11994000124. [PubMed: 8034384]
  8. Agosti V. The efficacy of treatments in reducing alcohol consumption: a meta-analysis. International Journal of the Addictions. 1995;(8):1067–77. (Structured abstract) DARE-11995002068. [PubMed: 7558483]
  9. Agostinelli G, Brown JM, Miller WR. Effects of normative feedback on consumption among heavy drinking college students. J Drug Educ. 1995;25(1):31–40. [PubMed: 7776148]
  10. Ahmadi J, Babaeebeigi M, Maany I, et al. Naltrexone for alcohol-dependent patients. Ir J Med Sci. 2004 Jan-Mar;173(1):34–7. [PubMed: 15732235]
  11. Alden LE. Behavioral self-management controlled-drinking strategies in a context of secondary prevention. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988 Apr;56(2):280–6. [PubMed: 3372836]
  12. Aliyev NN. Trial of interferon in chronic alcoholism. Psychiatry Res. 1994 Dec;54(3):307–8. [PubMed: 7792335]
  13. Allen J, Anton RF, Babor TF, et al. Project MATCH secondary a priori hypotheses. Addiction. 1997;92(12):1671–98. [PubMed: 9581001]
  14. Anderson P, Laurant M, Kaner E, et al. Engaging general practitioners in the management of hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption: results of a meta-analysis. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 2004;(2):191–9. (Brief record) DARE-12004002005. [PubMed: 15151349]
  15. Andréasson S, Hansagi H, Osterlund B. Short-term treatment for alcohol-related problems: four-session guided self-change versus one session of advice--a randomized, controlled trial. Alcohol (Fayetteville, NY). 2002;(1):57–62. CN-00410506. [PubMed: 12377361]
  16. Ansoms C, Deckers F, Lehert P, et al. An open study with acamprosate in Belgium and Luxemburg: results on sociodemographics, supportive treatment and outcome. Eur Addict Res. 2000 Sep;6(3):132–40. [PubMed: 11060477]
  17. Anton RF, Moak DH, Latham P, et al. Naltrexone combined with either cognitive behavioral or motivational enhancement therapy for alcohol dependence. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005 Aug;25(4):349–57. [PubMed: 16012278]
  18. Anton RF, Moak DH, Latham PK, et al. Posttreatment results of combining naltrexone with cognitive-behavior therapy for the treatment of alcoholism. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001 Feb;21(1):72–7. [PubMed: 11199951]
  19. Anton RF, Moak DH, Waid LR, et al. Naltrexone and cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of outpatient alcoholics: results of a placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 1999 Nov;156(11):1758–64. [PubMed: 10553740]
  20. Apodaca TR, Miller WR. A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of bibliotherapy for alcohol problems. J Clin Psychol. 2003 Mar;59(3):289–304. [PubMed: 12579546]
  21. Arean PA, Ayalon L, Jin C, et al. Integrated specialty mental health care among older minorities improves access but not outcomes: results of the PRISMe study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008 Oct;23(10):1086–92. [PubMed: 18727133]
  22. Armstrong MA, Kaskutas LA, Witbrodt J, et al. Using drink size to talk about drinking during pregnancy: a randomized clinical trial of Early Start Plus. Soc Work Health Care. 2009 Jan;48(1):90–103. [PMC free article: PMC2814155] [PubMed: 19197768]
  23. Arroyo JA, Miller WR, Tonigan JS. The influence of hispanic ethnicity on long-term outcome in three alcohol-treatment modalities. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 2003;64(1):98–104. [PubMed: 12608489]
  24. Ashenden R, Silagy C, Weller D. A systematic review of the effectiveness of promoting lifestyle change in general practice. Family Practice. 1997;(2):160–75. (Structured abstract) DARE-11997000628. [PubMed: 9137956]
  25. Babor TE, Higgins-Biddle J, Dauser D, et al. Alcohol screening and brief intervention in primary care settings: implementation models and predictors. J Stud Alcohol. 2005 May;66(3):361–8. [PubMed: 16047525]
  26. Baer JS, Kivlahan DR, Blume AW, et al. Brief intervention for heavy-drinking college students: 4-year follow-up and natural history. Am J Public Health. 2001 Aug;91(8):1310–6. [PMC free article: PMC1446766] [PubMed: 11499124]
  27. Balldin J, Berglund M, Borg S, et al. A 6-month controlled naltrexone study: combined effect with cognitive behavioral therapy in outpatient treatment of alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2003 Jul;27(7):1142–9. [PubMed: 12878920]
  28. Baltieri DA, De Andrade AG. Acamprosate in alcohol dependence: a randomized controlled efficacy study in a standard clinical setting. J Stud Alcohol. 2004 Jan;65(1):136–9. [PubMed: 15000513]
  29. Baltieri DA, de Andrade AG. Efficacy of acamprosate in the treatment of alcohol-dependent outpatients. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2003 Sep;25(3):156–9. [PubMed: 12975689]
  30. Barnett NP, Read JP. Mandatory alcohol intervention for alcohol-abusing college students: A systematic review. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2005;29(2):147–58. [PubMed: 16135343]
  31. Bartels SJ, Coakley EH, Zubritsky C, et al. Improving access to geriatric mental health services: a randomized trial comparing treatment engagement with integrated versus enhanced referral care for depression, anxiety, and at-risk alcohol use. The American journal of psychiatry. 2004;(8):1455–62. CN-00481190. [PubMed: 15285973]
  32. Batel P. The treatment of alcoholism in France. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1995 Sep;39 Suppl 1:S15–21. [PubMed: 8565793]
  33. Beattie MC, Longabaugh R. General and alcohol-specific social support following treatment. Addictive Behaviors. 1999;(5):593–606. CN-00264368. [PubMed: 10574299]
  34. Bennie C. A comparison of home detoxification and minimal intervention strategies for problem drinkers. Alcohol Alcohol. 1998 Mar-Apr;33(2):157–63. [PubMed: 9566478]
  35. Berner M, Gunzler C, Frick K, et al. Finding the ideal place for a psychotherapeutic intervention in a stepped care approach--a brief overview of the literature and preliminary results from the Project PREDICT. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2008 Jun;17 Suppl 1:S60–4. [PMC free article: PMC6879086] [PubMed: 18543364]
  36. Besson J, Aeby F, Kasas A, et al. Combined efficacy of acamprosate and disulfiram in the treatment of alcoholism: a controlled study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1998 May;22(3):573–9. [PubMed: 9622434]
  37. Beullens J, Aertgeerts B. Screening for alcohol abuse and dependence in older people using DSM criteria: a review. Aging Ment Health. 2004 Jan;8(1):76–82. [PubMed: 14690871]
  38. Bewick BM, Trusler K, Barkham M, et al. The effectiveness of web-based interventions designed to decrease alcohol consumption--a systematic review. Prev Med. 2008 Jul;47(1):17–26. [PubMed: 18302970]
  39. Bewick BM, Trusler K, Mulhern B, et al. The feasibility and effectiveness of a web-based personalised feedback and social norms alcohol intervention in UK university students: a randomised control trial. Addict Behav. 2008 Sep;33(9):1192–8. [PubMed: 18554819]
  40. Blankers M, Koeter MWJ, Schippers GM. Internet therapy versus internet self-help versus no treatment for problematic alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2011;79(3):330–41. [PubMed: 21534652]
  41. Bliss P, Murphy K, Ricketts T. Relapse prevention group-work: A clinical evaluation. Journal of Substance Use. 2002;7(2):78–84.
  42. Bochner S. The effectiveness of same-sex versus opposite-sex role models in advertisements to reduce alcohol consumption in teenagers. Addictive Behaviors. 1994;19(1):69–82. [PubMed: 8197895]
  43. Boekeloo BO, Griffin MA. Review of clinical trials testing the effectiveness of physician approaches to improving alcohol education and counseling in adolescent outpatients. Current Pediatric Reviews. 2007;3(1):93–101. [PMC free article: PMC3600164] [PubMed: 23513072]
  44. Boekeloo BO, Jerry J, Lee-Ougo WI, et al. Randomized trial of brief office-based interventions to reduce adolescent alcohol use. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004 Jul;158(7):635–42. [PubMed: 15237062]
  45. Boothby LA, Doering PL. Acamprosate for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Clin Ther. 2005 Jun;27(6):695–714. [PubMed: 16117977]
  46. Bordnick PS, Traylor A, Copp HL, et al. Assessing reactivity to virtual reality alcohol based cues. Addictive Behaviors. 2008;(6):743–56. CN-00665537. [PubMed: 18282663]
  47. Borsari B, Carey KB. Effects of a brief motivational intervention with college student drinkers. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000 Aug;68(4):728–33. [PubMed: 10965648]
  48. Bouza C, Magro A, Munoz A, et al. Efficacy and safety of naltrexone and acamprosate in the treatment of alcohol dependence: A systematic review. Addiction. 2004;99(7):811–28. First Author & Affiliation: Carmen, Bouza. [PubMed: 15200577]
  49. Branchey L, Davis W, Lee KK, et al. Psychiatric complications of disulfiram treatment. Am J Psychiatry. 1987 Oct;144(10):1310–2. [PubMed: 3310670]
  50. Braucht GN, Reichardt CS, Geissler LJ, et al. Effective services for homeless substance abusers. Journal of Addictive Diseases. 1995;(4):87–109. CN-00133812. [PubMed: 8929935]
  51. Bray JW, Cowell AJ, Hinde JM. A systematic review and meta-analysis of health care utilization outcomes in alcohol screening and brief intervention trials. Med Care. 2011 Mar;49(3):287–94. [PMC free article: PMC4691530] [PubMed: 21263359]
  52. Breslin FC, Sobell MB, Sobell LC, et al. Problem drinkers: evaluation of a stepped-care approach. J Subst Abuse. 1998;10(3):217–32. [PubMed: 10689656]
  53. Brown RL, Saunders LA, Bobula JA, et al. Randomized-controlled trial of a telephone and mail intervention for alcohol use disorders: three-month drinking outcomes. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007 Aug;31(8):1372–9. [PubMed: 17550366]
  54. Burge SK, Amodei N, Elkin B, et al. An evaluation of two primary care interventions for alcohol abuse among Mexican-American patients. Addiction. 1997 Dec;92(12):1705–16. [PubMed: 9581003]
  55. Burke BL, Arkowitz H, Menchola M. The efficacy of motivational interviewing: A meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2003;71(5):843–61. First Author & Affiliation: Burke, Brian L. [PubMed: 14516234]
  56. Burton LC, Paglia MJ, German PS, et al. The effect among older persons of a general preventive visit on three health behaviors: smoking, excessive alcohol drinking, and sedentary lifestyle. The Medicare Preventive Services Research Team. Prev Med. 1995 Sep;24(5):492–7. [PubMed: 8524724]
  57. Burtscheidt W, Wolwer W, Schwarz R, et al. Out-patient behaviour therapy in alcoholism: treatment outcome after 2 years. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2002 Sep;106(3):227–32. [PubMed: 12197862]
  58. Burtscheidt W, Wolwer W, Schwarz R, et al. Out-patient behaviour therapy in alcoholism: relapse rates after 6 months. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2001 Jan;103(1):24–9. [PubMed: 11202125]
  59. Carey KB, Carey MP, Maisto SA, et al. Brief motivational interventions for heavy college drinkers: A randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006 Oct;74(5):943–54. [PMC free article: PMC2442891] [PubMed: 17032098]
  60. Carey KB, Scott-Sheldon LA, Carey MP, et al. Individual-level interventions to reduce college student drinking: a meta-analytic review. Addict Behav. 2007 Nov;32(11):2469–94. [PMC free article: PMC2144910] [PubMed: 17590277]
  61. Carey KB, Scott-Sheldon LA, Elliott JC, et al. Computer-delivered interventions to reduce college student drinking: a meta-analysis. Addiction. 2009 Nov;104(11):1807–19. [PMC free article: PMC2763045] [PubMed: 19744139]
  62. Caria MP, Faggiano F, Bellocco R, et al. Effects of a school-based prevention program on European adolescents' patterns of alcohol use. J Adolesc Health. 2011 Feb;48(2):182–8. [PubMed: 21257118]
  63. Carpenter RA, Lyons CA, Miller WR. Peer-managed self-control program for prevention of alcohol abuse in American Indian high school students: a pilot evaluation study. The International journal of the addictions. 1985;(2):299–310. CN-00038539. [PubMed: 4008123]
  64. Carroll KM, Libby B, Sheehan J, et al. Motivational interviewing to enhance treatment initiation in substance abusers: an effectiveness study. The American Journal on Addictions/American Academy of Psychiatrists in Alcoholism and Addictions. 2001;(4):335–9. CN-00417034. [PMC free article: PMC3680596] [PubMed: 11783748]
  65. Chang G, Fisher NDL, Hornstein MD, et al. Brief intervention for women with risky drinking and medical diagnoses: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of substance abuse treatment. 2011;41(2):105–14. [PMC free article: PMC3139715] [PubMed: 21489738]
  66. Chang G, Goetz MA, Wilkins-Haug L, et al. A brief intervention for prenatal alcohol use: an in-depth look. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2000 Jun;18(4):365–9. [PubMed: 10812310]
  67. Chang G, Goetz MA, Wilkins-Haug L, et al. Identifying prenatal alcohol use: screening instruments versus clinical predictors. Am J Addict. 1999 Spring;8(2):87–93. [PubMed: 10365188]
  68. Chang G, McNamara TK, Orav EJ, et al. Brief intervention for prenatal alcohol use: a randomized trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2005 May;105(5 Pt 1):991–8. [PMC free article: PMC1380262] [PubMed: 15863535]
  69. Chang G, McNamara TK, Orav EJ, et al. Brief intervention for prenatal alcohol use: the role of drinking goal selection. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2006 Dec;31(4):419–24. [PubMed: 17084796]
  70. Chermack ST, Blow FC, Hill EM, et al. The relationship between alcohol symptoms and consumption among older drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1996 Oct;20(7):1153–8. [PubMed: 8904963]
  71. Chiauzzi E, Green TC, Lord S, et al. My student body: a high-risk drinking prevention web site for college students. J Am Coll Health. 2005 May-Jun;53(6):263–74. [PMC free article: PMC1885481] [PubMed: 15900990]
  72. Chick J, Gough K, Falkowski W, et al. Disulfiram treatment of alcoholism. Br J Psychiatry. 1992 Jul;161:84–9. [PubMed: 1638335]
  73. Chick J, Howlett H, Morgan MY, et al. United Kingdom Multicentre Acamprosate Study (UKMAS): a 6-month prospective study of acamprosate versus placebo in preventing relapse after withdrawal from alcohol. Alcohol Alcohol. 2000 Mar-Apr;35(2):176–87. [PubMed: 10787394]
  74. Chick J, Lehert P, Landron F. Does acamprosate improve reduction of drinking as well as aiding abstinence? J Psychopharmacol. 2003 Dec;17(4):397–402. [PubMed: 14870951]
  75. Chick J, Ritson B, Connaughton J, et al. Advice versus extended treatment for alcoholism: a controlled study. Br J Addict. 1988 Feb;83(2):159–70. [PubMed: 3345393]
  76. Christensen KS, Toft T, Frostholm L, et al. Screening for common mental disorders: Who will benefit? Results from a randomised clinical trial. Family Practice. 2005;22(4):428–34. [PubMed: 15897212]
  77. Ciraulo DA, Dong Q, Silverman BL, et al. Early treatment response in alcohol dependence with extended-release naltrexone. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008 Feb;69(2):190–5. [PubMed: 18348601]
  78. Cisler RA, Barrett D, Zweben A, et al. Integrating a Brief Motivational Treatment for Problem Drinkers in a Private Outpatient Clinic: Client Characteristics, Utilization of Services and Preliminary Outcomes. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. 2003;21(3):1–21.
  79. Cleary M, Hunt GE, Matheson S, et al. Psychosocial treatment programs for people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse. Schizophrenia bulletin. 2008;34(2):226–8. [PMC free article: PMC2632415] [PubMed: 18234699]
  80. Cleary M, Hunt Glenn E, Matheson Sandra L, et al. Psychosocial interventions for people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2008;(1):CD001088. [PubMed: 18253984]
  81. Collins SE, Logan DE, Neighbors C. Which came first: the readiness or the change? Longitudinal relationships between readiness to change and drinking among college drinkers. Addiction. 2010 Nov;105(11):1899–909. [PMC free article: PMC3934960] [PubMed: 20854333]
  82. Conner KR, Li Y, Meldrum S, et al. The role of drinking in suicidal ideation: analyses of Project MATCH data. J Stud Alcohol. 2003 May;64(3):402–8. [PubMed: 12817830]
  83. Connors GJ, Tarbox AR, Faillace LA. Changes in alcohol expectancies and drinking behavior among treated problem drinkers. J Stud Alcohol. 1993 Nov;54(6):676–83. [PubMed: 8271802]
  84. Connors GJ, Walitzer KS. Reducing alcohol consumption among heavily drinking women: evaluating the contributions of life-skills training and booster sessions. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2001 Jun;69(3):447–56. [PubMed: 11495174]
  85. Cornelius JR, Douaihy A, Bukstein OG, et al. Evaluation of cognitive behavioral therapy/motivational enhancement therapy (CBT/MET) in a treatment trial of comorbid MDD/AUD adolescents. Addictive behaviors. 2011;36(8):843–8. [PMC free article: PMC3094504] [PubMed: 21530092]
  86. Cowell AJ, Brown JM, Wedehase BJ, et al. Costs of using motivational interviewing for problem drinking in the U. S. Air Force. Mil Med. 2010 Dec;175(12):1007–13. [PubMed: 21265311]
  87. Cramer J, Rosenheck R, Kirk G, et al. Medication compliance feedback and monitoring in a clinical trial: predictors and outcomes. Value Health. 2003 Sep-Oct;6(5):566–73. [PubMed: 14627063]
  88. Cushman WC, Cutler JA, Hanna E, et al. Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension Study (PATHS): effects of an alcohol treatment program on blood pressure. Arch Intern Med. 1998 Jun 8;158(11):1197–207. [PubMed: 9625399]
  89. Cutler RB, Fishbain DA. Are alcoholism treatments effective? The Project MATCH data. BMC Public Health. 2005;5 [PMC free article: PMC1185549] [PubMed: 16018798]
  90. Daeppen JB, Bertholet N, Gaume J, et al. Efficacy of brief motivational intervention in reducing binge drinking in young men: A randomized controlled trial. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2011;113(1):69–75. First Author & Affiliation: Daeppen, Jean-Bernard. [PubMed: 20729010]
  91. Davidson D, Gulliver SB, Longabaugh R, et al. Building better cognitive-behavioral therapy: is broad-spectrum treatment more effective than motivational-enhancement therapy for alcohol-dependent patients treated with naltrexone? J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2007 Mar;68(2):238–47. [PubMed: 17286342]
  92. Davidson D, Saha C, Scifres S, et al. Naltrexone and brief counseling to reduce heavy drinking in hazardous drinkers. Addict Behav. 2004 Aug;29(6):1253–8. [PubMed: 15236831]
  93. Davidson D, Wirtz PW, Gulliver SB, et al. Naltrexone's suppressant effects on drinking are limited to the first 3 months of treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2007 Sep;194(1):1–10. [PubMed: 17514344]
  94. De Sousa A. A one-year pragmatic trial of naltrexone vs disulfiram in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Alcohol Alcohol. 2004 Nov-Dec;39(6):528–31. [PubMed: 15525790]
  95. De Sousa A. An open randomized trial comparing disulfiram and naltrexone in adolescents with alcohol dependence. Journal of Substance Use. 2008;13(6):382–8. Language: English. Entry Date: 20090227. Revision Date: 20091218. Publication Type: journal article.
  96. De Sousa AA, De Sousa J, Kapoor H. An open randomized trial comparing disulfiram and topiramate in the treatment of alcohol dependence. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2008 Jun;34(4):460–3. [PubMed: 17629442]
  97. De Wildt WA, Schippers GM, Van Den Brink W, et al. Does psychosocial treatment enhance the efficacy of acamprosate in patients with alcohol problems? Alcohol Alcohol. 2002 Jul-Aug;37(4):375–82. [PubMed: 12107041]
  98. Dhalla S, Kopec JA. The CAGE questionnaire for alcohol misuse: a review of reliability and validity studies. Clin Invest Med. 2007;30(1):33–41. [PubMed: 17716538]
  99. Dhalla S, Zumbo BD, Poole G. A review of the psychometric properties of the CRAFFT instrument: 1999-2010. Curr Drug Abuse Rev. 2011 Mar 1;4(1):57–64. [PubMed: 21466499]
  100. Dinh-Zarr TB, Goss CW, Heitman E, et al. Interventions for preventing injuries in problem drinkers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2004;(3):CD001857. [PMC free article: PMC7025439] [PubMed: 15266456]
  101. Donovan D, Mattson ME, Cisler RA, et al. Quality of life as an outcome measure in alcoholism treatment research. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 2005;66(SUPPL. 15):119–39. [PubMed: 16223064]
  102. Donovan DM, Kadden RM, DiClemente CC, et al. Client satisfaction with three therapies in the treatment of alcohol dependence: results from project MATCH. Am J Addict. 2002 Fall;11(4):291–307. [PubMed: 12584872]
  103. Doumas DM, Workman C, Smith D, et al. Reducing high-risk drinking in mandated college students: evaluation of two personalized normative feedback interventions. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2011 Jun;40(4):376–85. [PubMed: 21295938]
  104. Drake RE, O'Neal EL, Wallach MA. A systematic review of psychosocial research on psychosocial interventions for people with co-occurring severe mental and substance use disorders. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2008;34(1):123–38. [PubMed: 17574803]
  105. Drummond DC, Thom B, Brown C, et al. Specialist versus general practitioner treatment of problem drinkers. Lancet. 1990 Oct 13;336(8720):915–8. [PubMed: 1976937]
  106. Duckert F. Recruitment to alcohol treatment: a comparison between male and female problem drinkers recruited to treatment in two different ways. Br J Addict. 1988 Mar;83(3):285–93. [PubMed: 3365508]
  107. Dundon WD, Pettinati HM, Lynch KG, et al. The therapeutic alliance in medical-based interventions impacts outcome in treating alcohol dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008 Jun 1;95(3):230–6. [PMC free article: PMC2600892] [PubMed: 18329827]
  108. Edwards G, Taylor C. A test of the matching hypothesis: alcohol dependence, intensity of treatment, and 12-month outcome. Addiction. 1994 May;89(5):553–61. [PubMed: 8044121]
  109. Emmen MJ, Schippers GM, Wollersheim H, et al. Adding psychologist's intervention to physicians' advice to problem drinkers in the outpatient clinic. Alcohol Alcohol. 2005 May-Jun;40(3):219–26. [PubMed: 15699056]
  110. Enders LE, Mercier JM. Treating chemical dependency: the need for including the family. Int J Addict. 1993 May;28(6):507–19. [PubMed: 8486434]
  111. Ernst DB, Pettinati HM, Weiss RD, et al. An intervention for treating alcohol dependence: relating elements of Medical Management to patient outcomes with implications for primary care. Ann Fam Med. 2008 Sep-Oct;6(5):435–40. [PMC free article: PMC2532776] [PubMed: 18779548]
  112. Feeney GF, Connor JP, Young RM, et al. Alcohol dependence: the impact of cognitive behaviour therapy with or without naltrexone on subjective health status. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2004 Oct;38(10):842–8. [PubMed: 15369544]
  113. Feeney GF, Connor JP, Young RM, et al. Combined acamprosate and naltrexone, with cognitive behavioural therapy is superior to either medication alone for alcohol abstinence: a single centres' experience with pharmacotherapy. Alcohol Alcohol. 2006 May-Jun;41(3):321–7. [PubMed: 16467406]
  114. Feinn R, Kranzler HR. Does effect size in naltrexone trials for alcohol dependence differ for single-site vs. multi-center studies? Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2005 Jun;29(6):983–8. [PubMed: 15976524]
  115. Feinn R, Tennen H, Cramer J, et al. Measurement and prediction of medication compliance in problem drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2003 Aug;27(8):1286–92. [PubMed: 12966323]
  116. Feldstein Ewing SW, LaChance HA, Bryan A, et al. Do genetic and individual risk factors moderate the efficacy of motivational enhancement therapy? Drinking outcomes with an emerging adult sample. Addict Biol. 2009 Jul;14(3):356–65. [PMC free article: PMC2913542] [PubMed: 19298319]
  117. Fernandez AC, Wood MD, Laforge R, et al. Randomized trials of alcohol-use interventions with college students and their parents: lessons from the Transitions Project. Clin Trials. 2011 Jan 26 [PMC free article: PMC3143728] [PubMed: 21270141]
  118. Ferrer RL, Mody-Bailey P, Jaen CR, et al. A medical assistant-based program to promote healthy behaviors in primary care. Ann Fam Med. 2009 Nov-Dec;7(6):504–12. [PMC free article: PMC2775613] [PubMed: 19901309]
  119. Fink A, Elliott MN, Tsai M, et al. An evaluation of an intervention to assist primary care physicians in screening and educating older patients who use alcohol. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 Nov;53(11):1937–43. [PubMed: 16274375]
  120. Fleming M, Brown R, Brown D. The efficacy of a brief alcohol intervention combined with %CDT feedback in patients being treated for type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension. J Stud Alcohol. 2004 Sep;65(5):631–7. [PubMed: 15536773]
  121. Floyd RL, Sobell M, Velasquez MM, et al. Preventing alcohol-exposed pregnancies: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Prev Med. 2007 Jan;32(1):1–10. [PMC free article: PMC2888541] [PubMed: 17218187]
  122. Fox JC, Blank M, Rovnyak VG, et al. Barriers to help seeking for mental disorders in a rural impoverished population. Community Ment Health J. 2001 Oct;37(5):421–36. [PubMed: 11419519]
  123. Foxcroft DR, Ireland D, Lister-Sharp DJ, et al. Longer-term primary prevention for alcohol misuse in young people: a systematic review. Addiction. 2003 Apr;98(4):397–411. [PubMed: 12653810]
  124. Foxcroft DR, Lister-Sharp D, Lowe G. Alcohol misuse prevention for young people: a systematic review reveals methodological concerns and lack of reliable evidence of effectiveness. Addiction. 1997 May;92(5):531–7. [PubMed: 9219376]
  125. Fu SS, Kodl M, Willenbring M, et al. Ethnic differences in alcohol treatment outcomes and the effect of concurrent smoking cessation treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008 Jan 1;92(1-3):61–8. [PMC free article: PMC4049565] [PubMed: 17689205]
  126. Fuller RK, Branchey L, Brightwell DR, et al. Disulfiram treatment of alcoholism. A Veterans Administration cooperative study. JAMA. 1986 Sep 19;256(11):1449–55. [PubMed: 3528541]
  127. Garbutt JC, Kranzler HR, O'Malley SS, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of long-acting injectable naltrexone for alcohol dependence: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2005 Apr 6;293(13):1617–25. [PubMed: 15811981]
  128. Garbutt JC, West SL, Carey TS, et al. Pharmacological treatment of alcohol dependence: a review of the evidence. JAMA. 1999 Apr 14;281(14):1318–25. [PubMed: 10208148]
  129. Garland EL, Gaylord SA, Boettiger CA, et al. Mindfulness training modifies cognitive, affective, and physiological mechanisms implicated in alcohol dependence: results of a randomized controlled pilot trial. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2010 Jun;42(2):177–92. [PMC free article: PMC2921532] [PubMed: 20648913]
  130. Garner BR, Godley SH, Funk RR, et al. Exposure to Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach treatment procedures as a mediator of the relationship between adolescent substance abuse treatment retention and outcome. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2009 Apr;36(3):252–64. [PMC free article: PMC2675944] [PubMed: 18715742]
  131. Gaume J, Gmel G, Daeppen JB. Brief alcohol interventions: do counsellors' and patients' communication characteristics predict change? Alcohol Alcohol. 2008 Jan-Feb;43(1):62–9. [PubMed: 17942439]
  132. Geerlings PJ, Ansoms C, Van Den Brink W. Acamprosate and prevention of relapse in alcoholics. Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in out-patient alcoholics in the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. European addiction research. 1997;3(3):129–37.
  133. Geisner IM, Neighbors C, Lee CM, et al. Evaluating personal alcohol feedback as a selective prevention for college students with depressed mood. Addict Behav. 2007 Dec;32(12):2776–87. [PMC free article: PMC3650834] [PubMed: 17499445]
  134. Gerbert B, Berg-Smith S, Mancuso M, et al. Using innovative video doctor technology in primary care to deliver brief smoking and alcohol intervention. Health Promot Pract. 2003 Jul;4(3):249–61. [PubMed: 14610995]
  135. Gerrard M, Gibbons FX, Brody GH, et al. A theory-based dual-focus alcohol intervention for preadolescents: the Strong African American Families Program. Psychol Addict Behav. 2006 Jun;20(2):185–95. [PubMed: 16784365]
  136. Gjestad R, Franck J, Lindberg S, et al. Early Treatment for Women with Alcohol Addiction (EWA) Reduces Mortality: A Randomized Controlled Trial with Long-Term Register Follow-up. Alcohol Alcohol. 2011 Jan 27 [PMC free article: PMC3042276] [PubMed: 21273301]
  137. Godley SH, Garner BR, Passetti LL, et al. Adolescent outpatient treatment and continuing care: Main findings from a randomized clinical trial. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2010;110(1-2):44–54. [PMC free article: PMC2885472] [PubMed: 20219293]
  138. Goldman GA, Gregory RJ. Relationships between techniques and outcomes for borderline personality disorder. Am J Psychother. 2010;64(4):359–71. [PubMed: 21299173]
  139. Goldstein BI, Bukstein OG. Comorbid substance use disorders among youth with bipolar disorder: opportunities for early identification and prevention. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010 Mar;71(3):348–58. [PubMed: 19961811]
  140. Gopalakrishnan R, Ross J, O'Brien C, et al. Course of late-life depression with alcoholism following combination therapy. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2009 Mar;70(2):237–41. [PMC free article: PMC2653609] [PubMed: 19261235]
  141. Goransson M, Magnusson A, Heilig M. Identifying hazardous alcohol consumption during pregnancy: implementing a research-based model in real life. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2006;85(6):657–62. [PubMed: 16752255]
  142. Gordon AJ, Ettaro L, Rodriguez KL, et al. Provider, patient, and family perspectives of adolescent alcohol use and treatment in rural settings. J Rural Health. 2011 Winter;27(1):81–90. [PMC free article: PMC3138630] [PubMed: 21204975]
  143. Graeber DA, Moyers TB, Griffith G, et al. A pilot study comparing motivational interviewing and an educational intervention in patients with schizophrenia and alcohol use disorders. Community Ment Health J. 2003 Jun;39(3):189–202. [PubMed: 12836801]
  144. Graham A, Goss C, Xu S, et al. Effect of using different modes to administer the AUDIT-C on identification of hazardous drinking and acquiescence to trial participation among injured patients. Alcohol Alcohol. 2007 Sep-Oct;42(5):423–9. [PubMed: 17341515]
  145. Graham K, Annis HM, Brett PJ, et al. A controlled field trial of group versus individual cognitive-behavioural training for relapse prevention. Addiction. 1996 Aug;91(8):1127–39. [PubMed: 8828241]
  146. Grant KM, Northrup JH, Agrawal S, et al. Smoking cessation in outpatient alcohol treatment. Addictive Disorders and their Treatment. 2003;2(2):41–6.
  147. Grant TM, Ernst CC, Streissguth A, et al. Preventing alcohol and drug exposed births in Washington state: intervention findings from three parent-child assistance program sites. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2005;31(3):471–90. [PubMed: 16161730]
  148. Greenfield SF, Brooks AJ, Gordon SM, et al. Substance abuse treatment entry, retention, and outcome in women: A review of the literature. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2007;86(1):1–21. [PMC free article: PMC3532875] [PubMed: 16759822]
  149. Greenfield SF, Shields A, Connery HS, et al. Integrated Management of Physician-delivered Alcohol Care for Tuberculosis Patients: Design and Implementation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2010 Feb;34(2):317–30. [PMC free article: PMC2898509] [PubMed: 19930235]
  150. Greenfield SF, Trucco EM, McHugh RK, et al. The Women's Recovery Group Study: a Stage I trial of women-focused group therapy for substance use disorders versus mixed-gender group drug counseling. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007 Sep 6;90(1):39–47. [PMC free article: PMC3679366] [PubMed: 17446014]
  151. Gregory RJ, DeLucia-Deranja E, Mogle JA. Dynamic deconstructive psychotherapy versus optimized community care for borderline personality disorder co-occurring with alcohol use disorders: a 30-month follow-up. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2010 Apr;198(4):292–8. [PubMed: 20386259]
  152. Gregory RJ, Remen AL, Soderberg M, et al. A controlled trial of psychodynamic psychotherapy for co-occurring borderline personality disorder and alcohol use disorder: six-month outcome. J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 2009 Feb;57(1):199–205. [PubMed: 19270255]
  153. Grønbaek M, Nielsen B. A randomized controlled trial of Minnesota day clinic treatment of alcoholics. Addiction (Abingdon, England). 2007;(3):381–8. CN-00586869. [PubMed: 17298645]
  154. Gual A, Lehert P. Acamprosate during and after acute alcohol withdrawal: a double-blind placebo-controlled study in Spain. Alcohol Alcohol. 2001 Sep-Oct;36(5):413–8. [PubMed: 11524307]
  155. Gueorguieva R, Wu R, Pittman B, et al. New insights into the efficacy of naltrexone based on trajectory-based reanalyses of two negative clinical trials. Biol Psychiatry. 2007 Jun 1;61(11):1290–5. [PMC free article: PMC1952242] [PubMed: 17224132]
  156. Guth S, Lindberg SA, Badger GJ, et al. Brief intervention in alcohol-dependent versus nondependent individuals. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2008 Mar;69(2):243–50. [PubMed: 18299765]
  157. Guydish J, Greenfield TK. Alcohol-related cognitions: do they predict treatment outcome? Addict Behav. 1990;15(5):423–30. [PubMed: 2248115]
  158. Guyll M, Spoth RL, Chao W, et al. Family-focused preventive interventions: evaluating parental risk moderation of substance use trajectories. J Fam Psychol. 2004 Jun;18(2):293–301. [PubMed: 15222836]
  159. Hall JA, Smith DC, Easton SD, et al. Substance abuse treatment with rural adolescents: issues and outcomes. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2008 Mar;40(1):109–20. [PubMed: 18472670]
  160. Hallett J, Maycock B, Kypri K, et al. Development of a Web-based alcohol intervention for university students: processes and challenges. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2009 Jan;28(1):31–9. [PubMed: 19320673]
  161. Halmesmaki E. Alcohol counselling of 85 pregnant problem drinkers: effect on drinking and fetal outcome. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1988 Mar;95(3):243–7. [PubMed: 3370196]
  162. Hameedi FA, Rosen MI, McCance-Katz EF, et al. Behavioral, physiological, and pharmacological interaction of cocaine and disulfiram in humans. Biol Psychiatry. 1995 Apr 15;37(8):560–3. [PubMed: 7619981]
  163. Harwood TM, Beutler LE, Castillo S, et al. Common and specific effects of couples treatment for alcoholism: a test of the generic model of psychotherapy. Psychol Psychother. 2006 Sep;79(Pt 3):365–84. [PubMed: 16945197]
  164. Heather N, Brodie J, Wale S, et al. A randomized controlled trial of Moderation-Oriented Cue Exposure. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 2000;(4):561–70. CN-00331275. [PubMed: 10928726]
  165. Heather N, Honekopp J, Smailes D. Progressive stage transition does mean getting better: a further test of the Transtheoretical Model in recovery from alcohol problems. Addiction. 2009 Jun;104(6):949–58. [PubMed: 19466920]
  166. Heather N, Kissoon-Singh J, Fenton GW. Assisted natural recovery from alcohol problems: effects of a self-help manual with and without supplementary telephone contact. Br J Addict. 1990 Sep;85(9):1177–85. [PubMed: 2224198]
  167. Heinala P, Alho H, Kiianmaa K, et al. Targeted use of naltrexone without prior detoxification in the treatment of alcohol dependence: a factorial double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001 Jun;21(3):287–92. [PubMed: 11386491]
  168. Heirich M, Sieck CJ. Worksite cardiovascular wellness programs as a route to substance abuse prevention. J Occup Environ Med. 2000 Jan;42(1):47–56. [PubMed: 10652688]
  169. Helzer JE, Rose GL, Badger GJ, et al. Using interactive voice response to enhance brief alcohol intervention in primary care settings. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2008 Mar;69(2):251–8. [PubMed: 18299766]
  170. Herman SE, Frank KA, Mowbray CT, et al. Longitudinal effects of integrated treatment on alcohol use for persons with serious mental illness and substance use disorders. The journal of behavioral health services & research. 2000;(3):286–302. CN-00298794. [PubMed: 10932442]
  171. Hermansson U, Helander A, Brandt L, et al. Screening and brief intervention for risky alcohol consumption in the workplace: results of a 1-year randomized controlled study. Alcohol Alcohol. 2010 May-Jun;45(3):252–7. [PubMed: 20406791]
  172. Hermansson U, Helander A, Brandt L, et al. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in alcohol-related sickness absence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2002 Jan;26(1):28–35. [PubMed: 11821651]
  173. Hesse M, Vanderplasschen W, Rapp R, et al. Case management for persons with substance use disorders. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2007;(4):CD006265. [PubMed: 17943902]
  174. Hester RK, Delaney HD. Behavioral Self-Control Program for Windows: results of a controlled clinical trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 1997;(4):686–93. CN-00142498. [PubMed: 9256570]
  175. Hester RK, Squires DD, Delaney HD. The Drinker's Check-up: 12-month outcomes of a controlled clinical trial of a stand-alone software program for problem drinkers. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2005 Mar;28(2):159–69. [PubMed: 15780546]
  176. Hildebrandt T, McCrady B, Epstein E, et al. When should clinicians switch treatments? An application of signal detection theory to two treatments for women with alcohol use disorders. Behav Res Ther. 2010 Jun;48(6):524–30. [PMC free article: PMC2871965] [PubMed: 20359693]
  177. Hodgins DC, Leigh G, Milne R, et al. Drinking goal selection in behavioral self-management treatment of chronic alcoholics. Addict Behav. 1997 Mar-Apr;22(2):247–55. [PubMed: 9113218]
  178. Hoeksema HL, de Bock GH. The value of laboratory tests for the screening and recognition of alcohol abuse in primary care patients. J Fam Pract. 1993 Sep;37(3):268–76. [PubMed: 8105021]
  179. Hoeller K. ‘Efficacy and Tolerability of Long-Acting Injectable Naltrexone for Alcohol Dependence: A Randomized Controlled Trial’: Correction. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association. 2005;293(16) Release Date: 20050718. Publication Type: Journal, (0100) [PubMed: 15811981]
  180. Holder HD, Cisler RA, Longabaugh R, et al. Alcoholism treatment and medical care costs from Project MATCH. Addiction. 2000 Jul;95(7):999–1013. [PubMed: 10962766]
  181. Houben K, Havermans RC, Wiers RW. Learning to dislike alcohol: conditioning negative implicit attitudes toward alcohol and its effect on drinking behavior. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2010 Jul;211(1):79–86. [PMC free article: PMC2885295] [PubMed: 20431994]
  182. Huibers MJ, Beurskens AJ, Bleijenberg G, et al. Psychosocial interventions by general practitioners. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(3):CD003494. [PMC free article: PMC7003673] [PubMed: 17636726]
  183. Huibers MJ, Beurskens AJ, Bleijenberg G, et al. The effectiveness of psychosocial interventions delivered by general practitioners. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(2):CD003494. [PubMed: 12804471]
  184. Hustad JT, Barnett NP, Borsari B, et al. Web-based alcohol prevention for incoming college students: a randomized controlled trial. Addict Behav. 2010 Mar;35(3):183–9. [PMC free article: PMC2815230] [PubMed: 19900763]
  185. Hyde J, Hankins M, Deale A, et al. Interventions to increase self-efficacy in the context of addiction behaviours: A systematic literature review. Journal of Health Psychology. 2008;13(5):607–23. First Author & Affiliation: Hyde, J. [PubMed: 18519435]
  186. Ilgen M, Tiet Q, Finney J, et al. Self-efficacy, therapeutic alliance, and alcohol-use disorder treatment outcomes. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 2006;(3):465–72. CN-00564108. [PubMed: 16608158]
  187. Ilgen MA, McKellar J, Moos R, et al. Therapeutic alliance and the relationship between motivation and treatment outcomes in patients with alcohol use disorder. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2006 Sep;31(2):157–62. [PubMed: 16919743]
  188. Imel ZE, Wampold BE, Miller SD, et al. Distinctions without a difference: direct comparisons of psychotherapies for alcohol use disorders. Psychol Addict Behav. 2008 Dec;22(4):533–43. [PubMed: 19071978]
  189. Irvin JE, Bowers CA, Dunn ME, et al. Efficacy of relapse prevention: a meta-analytic review. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1999 Aug;67(4):563–70. [PubMed: 10450627]
  190. Israel Y, Hollander O, Sanchez-Craig M, et al. Screening for problem drinking and counseling by the primary care physician-nurse team. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1996 Nov;20(8):1443–50. [PubMed: 8947323]
  191. Ivanets NN, Lukomskaya MI. Evaluation of early intervention strategies used in primary health care: a report on the World Health Organization (WHO) Project on Identification and Treatment of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption. Alcohol Alcohol Suppl. 1991;1:489–91. [PubMed: 1845584]
  192. Jaffe AJ, Rounsaville B, Chang G, et al. Naltrexone, relapse prevention, and supportive therapy with alcoholics: an analysis of patient treatment matching. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996 Oct;64(5):1044–53. [PubMed: 8916634]
  193. Jaffee WB, Griffin ML, Gallop R, et al. Depression precipitated by alcohol use in patients with co-occurring bipolar and substance use disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009 Feb;70(2):171–6. [PMC free article: PMC2713748] [PubMed: 19192456]
  194. Jarvis TJ. Implications of gender for alcohol treatment research: a quantitative and qualitative review. Br J Addict. 1992 Sep;87(9):1249–61. [PubMed: 1392550]
  195. Jenkins RJ, McAlaney J, McCambridge J. Change over time in alcohol consumption in control groups in brief intervention studies: systematic review and meta-regression study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009 Feb 1;100(1-2):107–14. [PubMed: 19041196]
  196. Jensen CD, Cushing CC, Aylward BS, et al. Effectiveness of motivational interviewing interventions for adolescent substance use behavior change: A meta-analytic review. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 2011;79(4):433–40. [PubMed: 21728400]
  197. Johnsen J, Morland J. Disulfiram implant: a double-blind placebo controlled follow-up on treatment outcome. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1991 Jun;15(3):532–6. [PubMed: 1877740]
  198. Johnsen J, Stowell A, Bache-Wiig JE, et al. A double-blind placebo controlled study of male alcoholics given a subcutaneous disulfiram implantation. Br J Addict. 1987 Jun;82(6):607–13. [PubMed: 3300757]
  199. Johnsson KO, Berglund M. Comparison between a cognitive behavioural alcohol programme and post-mailed minimal intervention in high-risk drinking university freshmen: results from a randomized controlled trial. Alcohol Alcohol. 2006 Mar-Apr;41(2):174–80. [PubMed: 16322100]
  200. Jones L, Hughes K, Atkinson AM, et al. Reducing harm in drinking environments: a systematic review of effective approaches. Health Place. 2011 Mar;17(2):508–18. [PubMed: 21257334]
  201. Kadden RM, Litt MD, Cooney NL, et al. Prospective matching of alcoholic clients to cognitive-behavioral or interactional group therapy. J Stud Alcohol. 2001 May;62(3):359–69. [PubMed: 11414346]
  202. Kadden RM, Litt MD. Searching for treatment outcome measures for use across trials. J Stud Alcohol. 2004 Jan;65(1):145–52. [PubMed: 15000515]
  203. Kahan M, Wilson L, Becker L. Effectiveness of physician-based interventions with problem drinkers: a review. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 1995;(6):851–9. (Structured abstract) DARE-11995004003. [PMC free article: PMC1337758] [PubMed: 7697578]
  204. Kahler CW, Metrik J, LaChance HR, et al. Addressing heavy drinking in smoking cessation treatment: a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Oct;76(5):852–62. [PMC free article: PMC2575647] [PubMed: 18837602]
  205. Kahler CW, Spillane NS, Metrik J. Alcohol use and initial smoking lapses among heavy drinkers in smoking cessation treatment. Nicotine Tob Res. 2010 Jul;12(7):781–5. [PMC free article: PMC2893295] [PubMed: 20507898]
  206. Kalichman SC, Simbayi LC, Vermaak R, et al. HIV/AIDS risk reduction counseling for alcohol using sexually transmitted infections clinic patients in Cape Town, South Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007 Apr 15;44(5):594–600. [PubMed: 17325606]
  207. Kalman D, Longabaugh R, Clifford PR, et al. Matching alcoholics to treatment. Failure to replicate finding of an earlier study. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2000 Sep;19(2):183–7. [PubMed: 10963930]
  208. Kamara SG, Van der Hyde VA. Outcomes of regular versus extended outpatient alcohol/drug treatment. Part II. Medical, psychiatric, legal and social problems. Med Law. 1998;17(1):131–42. [PubMed: 9646600]
  209. Kamara SG, Van Der Hyde VA. Outcomes of regular vs. extended alcohol/drug outpatient treatment: I. Relapse, aftercare, and treatment re-entry. Medicine and law. 1997;(3):607–20. CN-00146278. [PubMed: 9409140]
  210. Kaminer Y, Burleson JA, Burke RH. Efficacy of outpatient aftercare for adolescents with alcohol use disorders: a randomized controlled study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008 Dec;47(12):1405–12. [PMC free article: PMC2597424] [PubMed: 18978635]
  211. Kaminer Y, Burleson JA, Goldberger R. Cognitive-behavioral coping skills and psychoeducation therapies for adolescent substance abuse. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2002 Nov;190(11):737–45. [PubMed: 12436013]
  212. Kaminer Y, Burleson JA. Psychotherapies for adolescent substance abusers: 15-month follow-up of a pilot study. The American Journal on Addictions/American Academy of Psychiatrists in Alcoholism and Addictions. 1999;(2):114–9. CN-00164166. [PubMed: 10365191]
  213. Kaner EF, Dickinson HO, Beyer F, et al. The effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care settings: a systematic review. Drug and Alcohol Review. 2009:301–23. (Brief record) DARE-12010005180. [PubMed: 19489992]
  214. Kashner TM, Rosenheck R, Campinell AB, et al. Impact of work therapy on health status among homeless, substance-dependent veterans: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002 Oct;59(10):938–44. [PubMed: 12365881]
  215. Kavanagh D, Connolly JM. Mailed treatment to augment primary care for alcohol disorders: a randomised controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2009 Jan;28(1):73–80. [PubMed: 19320679]
  216. Kavanagh DJ, Sitharthan G, Young RM, et al. Addition of cue exposure to cognitive-behaviour therapy for alcohol misuse: a randomized trial with dysphoric drinkers. Addiction. 2006 Aug;101(8):1106–16. [PubMed: 16869840]
  217. Kay-Lambkin FJ, Baker AL, Lewin TJ, et al. Computer-based psychological treatment for comorbid depression and problematic alcohol and/or cannabis use: a randomized controlled trial of clinical efficacy. Addiction. 2009 Mar;104(3):378–88. [PubMed: 19207345]
  218. Kiefer F, Helwig H, Tarnaske T, et al. Pharmacological relapse prevention of alcoholism: clinical predictors of outcome. Eur Addict Res. 2005;11(2):83–91. [PubMed: 15785069]
  219. Kiefer F, Jahn H, Otte C, et al. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity: a target of pharmacological anticraving treatment? Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Jul 1;60(1):74–6. [PubMed: 16483549]
  220. Kiefer F, Jimenez-Arriero MA, Klein O, et al. Cloninger's typology and treatment outcome in alcohol-dependent subjects during pharmacotherapy with naltrexone. Addict Biol. 2008 Mar;13(1):124–9. [PubMed: 17573782]
  221. Kiritze-Topor P, Huas D, Rosenzweig C, et al. A pragmatic trial of acamprosate in the treatment of alcohol dependence in primary care. Alcohol Alcohol. 2004 Nov-Dec;39(6):520–7. [PubMed: 15304381]
  222. Kivlahan DR, Marlatt GA, Fromme K, et al. Secondary prevention with college drinkers: evaluation of an alcohol skills training program. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1990 Dec;58(6):805–10. [PubMed: 2292630]
  223. Koeter MW, van den Brink W, Lehert P. Effect of early and late compliance on the effectiveness of acamprosate in the treatment of alcohol dependence. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2010 Oct;39(3):218–26. [PubMed: 20627222]
  224. Komro KA, Perry CL, Veblen-Mortenson S, et al. Cross-cultural adaptation and evaluation of a home-based program for alcohol use prevention among urban youth: the “Slick Tracy Home Team Program” J Prim Prev. 2006 Mar;27(2):135–54. [PubMed: 16502143]
  225. Komro KA, Perry CL, Veblen-Mortenson S, et al. Outcomes from a randomized controlled trial of a multi-component alcohol use preventive intervention for urban youth: project northland Chicago. Addiction. 2008 Apr;103(4):606–18. [PMC free article: PMC4216561] [PubMed: 18261193]
  226. Komro KA, Perry CL, Williams CL, et al. How did Project Northland reduce alcohol use among young adolescents? Analysis of mediating variables. Health Educ Res. 2001 Feb;16(1):59–70. [PubMed: 11252284]
  227. Kosten TR, O'Connor PG. Management of drug and alcohol withdrawal. New England Journal of Medicine. 2003;348(18):1786–95. [PubMed: 12724485]
  228. Kovach Clark H, Ringwalt CL, Hanley S, et al. Project ALERT's effects on adolescents' prodrug beliefs: a replication and extension study. Health Educ Behav. 2010 Jun;37(3):357–76. [PubMed: 20495102]
  229. Krahn D, Grossman J, Henk H, et al. Sweet intake, sweet-liking, urges to eat, and weight change: relationship to alcohol dependence and abstinence. Addictive Behaviors. 2006;(4):622–31. CN-00569954. [PubMed: 15990241]
  230. Kranzler HR, Van Kirk J. Efficacy of naltrexone and acamprosate for alcoholism treatment: a meta-analysis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2001 Sep;25(9):1335–41. [PubMed: 11584154]
  231. Kranzler HR. Pharmacotherapy of alcoholism: Gaps in knowledge and opportunities for research. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 2000;35(6):537–47. [PubMed: 11093959]
  232. Kravitz HM, Fawcett J, McGuire M, et al. Treatment attrition among alcohol-dependent men: is it related to novelty seeking personality traits? Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. 1999;(1):51–6. CN-00159521. [PubMed: 9934943]
  233. Kristenson H, Hood B, Peterson B, et al. Prevention of alcohol-related problems in urban middle-aged males. Alcohol. 1985 May-Jun;2(3):545–9. [PubMed: 2862882]
  234. Kristenson H, Osterling A, Nilsson JA, et al. Prevention of alcohol-related deaths in middle-aged heavy drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2002 Apr;26(4):478–84. [PubMed: 11981123]
  235. Krystal JH, Cramer JA, Krol WF, et al. Naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence. N Engl J Med. 2001 Dec 13;345(24):1734–9. [PubMed: 11742047]
  236. Kuenzler A, Beutler LE. Couple alcohol treatment benefits patients' partners. J Clin Psychol. 2003 Jul;59(7):791–806. [PubMed: 12808585]
  237. Kulig CC, Beresford TP. Hepatitis C in alcohol dependence:drinking versus disulfiram. J Addict Dis. 2005;24(2):77–89. [PubMed: 15784525]
  238. Kypri K, Hallett J, Howat P, et al. Randomized controlled trial of proactive web-based alcohol screening and brief intervention for university students. Arch Intern Med. 2009 Sep 14;169(16):1508–14. [PubMed: 19752409]
  239. Laaksonen E, Koski-Jannes A, Salaspuro M, et al. A randomized, multicentre, open-label, comparative trial of disulfiram, naltrexone and acamprosate in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Alcohol Alcohol. 2008 Jan-Feb;43(1):53–61. [PubMed: 17965444]
  240. LaBrie JW, Feres N, Kenney SR, et al. Family history of alcohol abuse moderates effectiveness of a group motivational enhancement intervention in college women. Addict Behav. 2009 May;34(5):415–20. [PMC free article: PMC3386787] [PubMed: 19162406]
  241. LaBrie JW, Huchting K, Tawalbeh S, et al. A randomized motivational enhancement prevention group reduces drinking and alcohol consequences in first-year college women. Psychol Addict Behav. 2008 Mar;22(1):149–55. [PMC free article: PMC4221274] [PubMed: 18298242]
  242. LaBrie JW, Huchting KK, Lac A, et al. Preventing risky drinking in first-year college women: further validation of a female-specific motivational-enhancement group intervention. J Stud Alcohol Drugs Suppl. 2009 Jul;(16):77–85. [PMC free article: PMC2701102] [PubMed: 19538915]
  243. LaChance H, Feldstein Ewing SW, Bryan AD, et al. What makes group MET work? A randomized controlled trial of college student drinkers in mandated alcohol diversion. Psychol Addict Behav. 2009 Dec;23(4):598–612. [PMC free article: PMC2802458] [PubMed: 20025366]
  244. Landabaso MA, Iraurgi I, Sanz J, et al. Naltrexone in the treatment of alcoholism. Two-year follow up results. European Journal of Psychiatry. 1999;13(2):97–105.
  245. Lang T, Nicaud V, Darne B, et al. Improving hypertension control among excessive alcohol drinkers: a randomised controlled trial in France. The WALPA Group. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1995 Dec;49(6):610–6. [PMC free article: PMC1060178] [PubMed: 8596098]
  246. Lapham S, Forman R, Alexander M, et al. The effects of extended-release naltrexone on holiday drinking in alcohol-dependent patients. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2009 Jan;36(1):1–6. [PubMed: 18775624]
  247. Lapham SC, Hall M, Skipper BJ. Homelessness and substance use among alcohol abusers following participation in project H&ART. J Addict Dis. 1995;14(4):41–55. [PubMed: 8929932]
  248. Larimer ME, Cronce JM. Identification, prevention and treatment: A review of individual-focused strategies to reduce problematic alcohol consumption by college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 2002;63(SUPPL. 14):148–63. [PubMed: 12022721]
  249. Larimer ME, Cronce JM. Identification, prevention, and treatment revisited: individual-focused college drinking prevention strategies 1999-2006. Addict Behav. 2007 Nov;32(11):2439–68. [PubMed: 17604915]
  250. Larimer ME, Lee CM, Kilmer JR, et al. Personalized mailed feedback for college drinking prevention: a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2007 Apr;75(2):285–93. [PMC free article: PMC3271786] [PubMed: 17469886]
  251. Lee CS, Longabaugh R, Baird J, et al. Do patient intervention ratings predict alcohol-related consequences? Addict Behav. 2007 Dec;32(12):3136–41. [PMC free article: PMC2847830] [PubMed: 17720325]
  252. Lee HS, Mericle AA, Ayalon L, et al. Harm reduction among at-risk elderly drinkers: a site-specific analysis from the multi-site Primary Care Research in Substance Abuse and Mental Health for Elderly (PRISM-E) study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009 Jan;24(1):54–60. [PubMed: 18613283]
  253. Lemke S, Moos RH. Treatment and outcomes of older patients with alcohol use disorders in community residential programs. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 2003;64(2):219–26. [PubMed: 12713195]
  254. Lesch OM, Riegler A, Gutierrez K, et al. The European acamprosate trials: Conclusions for research and therapy. Journal of Biomedical Science. 2001;8(1):89–95. [PubMed: 11173981]
  255. Liddle HA, Dakof GA, Parker K, et al. Multidimensional family therapy for adolescent drug abuse: results of a randomized clinical trial. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2001 Nov;27(4):651–88. [PubMed: 11727882]
  256. Liddle HA, Rowe CL, Dakof GA, et al. Early Intervention for Adolescent Substance Abuse: Pretreatment to Posttreatment Outcomes of a Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Multidimensional Family Therapy and Peer Group Treatment. Journal of psychoactive drugs. 2004;36(1):49–63. [PubMed: 15152709]
  257. Lifrak PD, Alterman AI, O'Brien CP, et al. Naltrexone for alcoholic adolescents. Am J Psychiatry. 1997 Mar;154(3):439–41. [PubMed: 9054806]
  258. Lin JC, Karno MP, Barry KL, et al. Determinants of early reductions in drinking in older at-risk drinkers participating in the intervention arm of a trial to reduce at-risk drinking in primary care. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010 Feb;58(2):227–33. [PMC free article: PMC3682666] [PubMed: 20070414]
  259. Litt MD, Babor TF, DelBoca FK, et al. Types of alcoholics, II. Application of an empirically derived typology to treatment matching. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992 Aug;49(8):609–14. [PubMed: 1322118]
  260. Litt MD, Kadden RM, Cooney NL, et al. Coping skills and treatment outcomes in cognitive-behavioral and interactional group therapy for alcoholism. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2003 Feb;71(1):118–28. [PubMed: 12602432]
  261. Longabaugh R, Beattie M, Noel N, et al. The effect of social investment on treatment outcome. J Stud Alcohol. 1993 Jul;54(4):465–78. [PubMed: 8341050]
  262. Longabaugh R, Rubin A, Malloy P, et al. Drinking outcomes of alcohol abusers diagnosed as antisocial personality disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1994 Aug;18(4):778–85. [PubMed: 7978086]
  263. Longabaugh R, Wirtz PW, Beattie MC, et al. Matching treatment focus to patient social investment and support: 18-month follow-up results. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1995 Apr;63(2):296–307. [PubMed: 7751491]
  264. Longabaugh R, Wirtz PW, Gulliver SB, et al. Extended naltrexone and broad spectrum treatment or motivational enhancement therapy. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2009 Oct;206(3):367–76. [PubMed: 19639303]
  265. Longabaugh R, Wirtz PW, Zweben A, et al. Network support for drinking, Alcoholics Anonymous and long-term matching effects. Addiction. 1998 Sep;93(9):1313–33. [PubMed: 9926538]
  266. Lopez ML, Iglesias JM, del Valle MO, et al. Impact of a primary care intervention on smoking, drinking, diet, weight, sun exposure, and work risk in families with cancer experience. Cancer Causes Control. 2007 Jun;18(5):525–35. [PubMed: 17450417]
  267. Loveland-Cherry CJ, Ross LT, Kaufman SR. Effects of a home-based family intervention on adolescent alcohol use and misuse. J Stud Alcohol Suppl. 1999 Mar;13:94–102. [PubMed: 10225493]
  268. Lozano BE, Stephens RS. Comparison of participatively set and assigned goals in the reduction of alcohol use. Psychol Addict Behav. 2010 Dec;24(4):581–91. [PubMed: 21198221]
  269. Lui S, Terplan M, Smith EJ. Psychosocial interventions for women enrolled in alcohol treatment during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(3):CD006753. [PubMed: 18646166]
  270. Lynch KG, Van Horn D, Drapkin M, et al. Moderators of response to telephone continuing care for alcoholism. Am J Health Behav. 2010 Nov-Dec;34(6):788–800. [PMC free article: PMC3133949] [PubMed: 20604702]
  271. Magill M, Apodaca TR, Barnett NP, et al. The route to change: within-session predictors of change plan completion in a motivational interview. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2010 Apr;38(3):299–305. [PMC free article: PMC2835844] [PubMed: 20149571]
  272. Magill M, Ray LA. Cognitive-behavioral treatment with adult alcohol and illicit drug users: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2009 Jul;70(4):516–27. [PMC free article: PMC2696292] [PubMed: 19515291]
  273. Maisto SA, Clifford PR, Longabaugh R, et al. The relationship between abstinence for one year following pretreatment assessment and alcohol use and other functioning at two years in individuals presenting for alcohol treatment. J Stud Alcohol. 2002 Jul;63(4):397–403. [PubMed: 12160097]
  274. Maisto SA, Clifford PR, Stout RL, et al. Factors mediating the association between drinking in the first year after alcohol treatment and drinking at three years. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2008 Sep;69(5):728–37. [PMC free article: PMC2575388] [PubMed: 18781248]
  275. Maisto SA, Clifford PR, Stout RL, et al. Moderate drinking in the first year after treatment as a predictor of three-year outcomes. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2007 May;68(3):419–27. [PubMed: 17446982]
  276. Maisto SA, Connors GJ, Allen JP. Contrasting self-report screens for alcohol problems: a review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1995 Dec;19(6):1510–6. [PubMed: 8749818]
  277. Maisto SA, McKay JR, O'Farrell TJ. Relapse precipitants and behavioral marital therapy. Addict Behav. 1995 May-Jun;20(3):383–93. [PubMed: 7653319]
  278. Maisto SA, McKay JR, O'Farrell TJ. Twelve-month abstinence from alcohol and long-term drinking and marital outcomes in men with severe alcohol problems. J Stud Alcohol. 1998 Sep;59(5):591–8. [PubMed: 9718112]
  279. Maisto SA, O'Farrell TJ, Connors GJ, et al. Alcoholics' attributions of factors affecting their relapse to drinking and reasons for terminating relapse episodes. Addict Behav. 1988;13(1):79–82. [PubMed: 3364227]
  280. Maisto SA, Sobell LC, Sobell MB, et al. Effects of outpatient treatment for problem drinkers. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse. 1985;(1-2):131–49. CN-00040354. [PubMed: 4061431]
  281. Mann K, Lehert P, Morgan MY. The efficacy of acamprosate in the maintenance of abstinence in alcohol-dependent individuals: results of a meta-analysis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2004 Jan;28(1):51–63. [PubMed: 14745302]
  282. Manzo LG, Forbes KJ. Reducing high-risk drinking by using personalized blood alcohol cards. Am Clin Lab. 2002 Jan-Feb;21(1):16–9. [PubMed: 11975444]
  283. Marlatt GA, Baer JS, Kivlahan DR, et al. Screening and brief intervention for high-risk college student drinkers: results from a 2-year follow-up assessment. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1998 Aug;66(4):604–15. [PubMed: 9735576]
  284. Martens MP, Dams-O'Connor K, Beck NC. A systematic review of college student-athlete drinking: Prevalence rates, sport-related factors, and interventions. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2006 Oct;31(3):305–16. [PubMed: 16996393]
  285. Martens MP, Kilmer JR, Beck NC, et al. The efficacy of a targeted personalized drinking feedback intervention among intercollegiate athletes: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Addict Behav. 2010 Dec;24(4):660–9. [PubMed: 20822189]
  286. Mason BJ, Ownby RL. Acamprosate for the treatment of alcohol dependence: A review of double- blind, placebo-controlled trials. CNS Spectrums. 2000;5(2):58–69. [PubMed: 18296999]
  287. Mason MJ, Luckey B. Young adults in alcohol-other drug treatment: An understudied population. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. 2003;21(1):17–32.
  288. Mastroleo NR, Turrisi R, Carney JV, et al. Examination of posttraining supervision of peer counselors in a motivational enhancement intervention to reduce drinking in a sample of heavy-drinking college students. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2010 Oct;39(3):289–97. [PMC free article: PMC2937069] [PubMed: 20673621]
  289. Mattson ME, Del Boca FK, Carroll KM, et al. Compliance with treatment and follow-up protocols in project MATCH: predictors and relationship to outcome. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1998 Sep;22(6):1328–39. [PubMed: 9756050]
  290. McCambridge J, Day M. Randomized controlled trial of the effects of completing the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test questionnaire on self-reported hazardous drinking. Addiction. 2008 Feb;103(2):241–8. [PubMed: 18199302]
  291. McCambridge J, Jenkins RJ. Do brief interventions which target alcohol consumption also reduce cigarette smoking? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008 Aug 1;96(3):263–70. [PubMed: 18457926]
  292. McCrady BS, Epstein EE, Cook S, et al. A randomized trial of individual and couple behavioral alcohol treatment for women. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009 Apr;77(2):243–56. [PMC free article: PMC3150864] [PubMed: 19309184]
  293. McCrady BS, Epstein EE, Kahler CW. Alcoholics anonymous and relapse prevention as maintenance strategies after conjoint behavioral alcohol treatment for men: 18-month outcomes. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Oct;72(5):870–8. [PubMed: 15482044]
  294. McCrady BS, Stout R, Noel N, et al. Effectiveness of three types of spouse-involved behavioral alcoholism treatment. Br J Addict. 1991 Nov;86(11):1415–24. [PubMed: 1777736]
  295. McKay JR, Longabaugh R, Beattie MC, et al. Does adding conjoint therapy to individually focused alcoholism treatment lead to better family functioning? J Subst Abuse. 1993;5(1):45–59. [PubMed: 8329880]
  296. McKay JR, Maisto SA, O'Farrell TJ. End-of-treatment self-efficacy, aftercare, and drinking outcomes of alcoholic men. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1993 Oct;17(5):1078–83. [PubMed: 8279669]
  297. Miller WR, Benefield RG, Tonigan JS. Enhancing motivation for change in problem drinking: a controlled comparison of two therapist styles. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993 Jun;61(3):455–61. [PubMed: 8326047]
  298. Miller WR, Wilbourne PL. Mesa Grande: A methodological analysis of clinical trials of treatments for alcohol use disorders. Addiction. 2002;97(3):265–77. [PubMed: 11964100]
  299. Mitchell JM, Fields HL, White RL, et al. The Asp40 mu-opioid receptor allele does not predict naltrexone treatment efficacy in heavy drinkers. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007 Feb;27(1):112–5. [PubMed: 17224736]
  300. Morgan MY, Landron F, Lehert P. Improvement in quality of life after treatment for alcohol dependence with acamprosate and psychosocial support. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2004 Jan;28(1):64–77. [PubMed: 14745303]
  301. Morgenstern J, Irwin TW, Wainberg ML, et al. A randomized controlled trial of goal choice interventions for alcohol use disorders among men who have sex with men. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2007 Feb;75(1):72–84. [PubMed: 17295566]
  302. Motivational intervention to reduce alcohol-exposed pregnancies--Florida, Texas, and Virginia, 1997-2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003 May 16;52(19):441–4. [PubMed: 12807086]
  303. Muckle W, Oyewumi L, Robinson V, et al. Managed alcohol as a harm reduction intervention for alcohol addiction in populations at high risk for substance abuse. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2007;(4) [PubMed: 23235633]
  304. Murphy JG, Benson TA, Vuchinich RE, et al. A comparison of personalized feedback for college student drinkers delivered with and without a motivational interview. J Stud Alcohol. 2004 Mar;65(2):200–3. [PubMed: 15151350]
  305. Murphy JG, Correia CJ, Colby SM, et al. Using behavioral theories of choice to predict drinking outcomes following a brief intervention. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005 May;13(2):93–101. [PubMed: 15943542]
  306. Murthy KK. Psychosis during disulfiram therapy for alcoholism. Journal of the Indian Medical Association. 1997;95(3):80–1. [PubMed: 9212576]
  307. Narayama PL, Gupta AK, Sharma PK. Use of anti-craving agents in soldiers with alcohol dependence syndrome. Medical Journal Armed Forces India. 2008;64(4):320–4. [PMC free article: PMC5035271] [PubMed: 27688567]
  308. Nava F, Premi S, Manzato E, et al. Comparing treatments of alcoholism on craving and biochemical measures of alcohol consumptionst. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2006 Sep;38(3):211–7. [PubMed: 17165363]
  309. Neighbors C, Larimer ME, Lewis MA. Targeting misperceptions of descriptive drinking norms: efficacy of a computer-delivered personalized normative feedback intervention. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Jun;72(3):434–47. [PubMed: 15279527]
  310. Neighbors C, Lewis MA, Atkins DC, et al. Efficacy of web-based personalized normative feedback: a two-year randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2010 Dec;78(6):898–911. [PMC free article: PMC4392758] [PubMed: 20873892]
  311. Nilssen O. The Tromsø Study: identification of and a controlled intervention on a population of early-stage risk drinkers. Preventive Medicine. 1991;(4):518–28. CN-00077447. [PubMed: 1678518]
  312. O'Connell H, Chin AV, Hamilton F, et al. A systematic review of the utility of self-report alcohol screening instruments in the elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2004 Nov;19(11):1074–86. [PubMed: 15481069]
  313. O'Connor MJ, Whaley SE. Brief intervention for alcohol use by pregnant women. Am J Public Health. 2007 Feb;97(2):252–8. [PMC free article: PMC1781394] [PubMed: 17194863]
  314. O'Connor PG, Farren CK, Rounsaville BJ, et al. A preliminary investigation of the management of alcohol dependence with naltrexone by primary care providers. Am J Med. 1997 Dec;103(6):477–82. [PubMed: 9428830]
  315. O'Farrell TJ, Cutter HSG, Choquette KA, et al. Behavioral marital therapy for male alcoholics: Marital and drinking adjustment during the two years after treatment. Behavior therapy. 1992;23(4):529–49.
  316. O'Farrell TJ, Murphy M, Alter J, et al. Behavioral family counseling for substance abuse: A treatment development pilot study. Addictive Behaviors. 2010;35(1):1–6. [PMC free article: PMC2791374] [PubMed: 19717243]
  317. Ojehagen A, Berglund M, Appel CP, et al. A randomized study of long-term out-patient treatment in alcoholics. Psychiatric treatment versus multimodal behavioural therapy, during 1 versus 2 years of treatment. Alcohol Alcohol. 1992 Nov;27(6):649–58. [PubMed: 1292438]
  318. Ollat H, Aubin HJ, Barrucand D, et al. Cognitive dysfunction in alcohol withdrawal. A longitudinal clinical study. European addiction research. 1996;2(2):83–93.
  319. O'Malley SS, Garbutt JC, Gastfriend DR, et al. Efficacy of extended-release naltrexone in alcohol-dependent patients who are abstinent before treatment. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007 Oct;27(5):507–12. [PubMed: 17873686]
  320. O'Malley SS, Jaffe AJ, Chang G, et al. Six-month follow-up of naltrexone and psychotherapy for alcohol dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996 Mar;53(3):217–24. [PubMed: 8611058]
  321. O'Malley SS, Krishnan-Sarin S, Farren C, et al. Naltrexone-induced nausea in patients treated for alcohol dependence: Clinical predictors and evidence for opioid-mediated effects. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. 2000;20(1):69–76. [PubMed: 10653211]
  322. O'Malley SS, Krishnan-Sarin S, McKee SA, et al. Dose-dependent reduction of hazardous alcohol use in a placebo-controlled trial of naltrexone for smoking cessation. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2009 Jun;12(5):589–97. [PMC free article: PMC3094855] [PubMed: 18796184]
  323. O'Malley SS, Sinha R, Grilo CM, et al. Naltrexone and cognitive behavioral coping skills therapy for the treatment of alcohol drinking and eating disorder features in alcohol-dependent women: a randomized controlled trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007 Apr;31(4):625–34. [PubMed: 17374042]
  324. Oncken C, Van Kirk J, Kranzler HR. Adverse effects of oral naltrexone: analysis of data from two clinical trials. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2001 Apr;154(4):397–402. [PubMed: 11349393]
  325. Orford J, Hodgson R, Copello A, et al. To what factors do clients attribute change? Content analysis of follow-up interviews with clients of the UK Alcohol Treatment Trial. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2009 Jan;36(1):49–58. [PubMed: 18547778]
  326. Oslin DW, Grantham S, Coakley E, et al. PRISM-E: comparison of integrated care and enhanced specialty referral in managing at-risk alcohol use. Psychiatr Serv. 2006 Jul;57(7):954–8. [PMC free article: PMC3169203] [PubMed: 16816279]
  327. Oslin DW, Lynch KG, Pettinati HM, et al. A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of naltrexone in the context of different levels of psychosocial intervention. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2008 Jul;32(7):1299–308. [PMC free article: PMC3812909] [PubMed: 18540910]
  328. Oslin DW, Pettinati H, Volpicelli JR. Alcoholism treatment adherence: older age predicts better adherence and drinking outcomes. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002 Nov-Dec;10(6):740–7. [PubMed: 12427583]
  329. Paidisetty S, Gordon AJ. Pharmacologic management of alcohol use disorders in the primary care setting. Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management. 2006;13(11):628–46.
  330. Paille FM, Guelfi JD, Perkins AC, et al. Double-blind randomized multicentre trial of acamprosate in maintaining abstinence from alcohol. Alcohol Alcohol. 1995 Mar;30(2):239–47. [PubMed: 7662044]
  331. Palfai TP, Zisserson R, Saitz R. Using personalized feedback to reduce alcohol use among hazardous drinking college students: The moderating effect of alcohol-related negative consequences. Addictive behaviors. 2011;36(5):539–42. [PubMed: 21295919]
  332. Pantalon MV, Nich C, Frankforter T, et al. The URICA as a measure of motivation to change among treatment-seeking individuals with concurrent alcohol and cocaine problems. Psychol Addict Behav. 2002 Dec;16(4):299–307. [PubMed: 12503902]
  333. Papas RK, Sidle JE, Martino S, et al. Systematic cultural adaptation of cognitive-behavioral therapy to reduce alcohol use among HIV-infected outpatients in western Kenya. AIDS Behav. 2010 Jun;14(3):669–78. [PMC free article: PMC2949418] [PubMed: 19967441]
  334. Parsons JT, Golub SA, Rosof E, et al. Motivational interviewing and cognitive-behavioral intervention to improve HIV medication adherence among hazardous drinkers: a randomized controlled trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007 Dec 1;46(4):443–50. [PMC free article: PMC2666542] [PubMed: 18077833]
  335. Passetti F, Jones G, Chawla K, et al. Pilot study of assertive community treatment methods to engage alcohol-dependent individuals. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 2008;43(4):451–5. [PubMed: 18436573]
  336. Pelc I, Hanak C, Baert I, et al. Effect of community nurse follow-up when treating alcohol dependence with acamprosate. Alcohol Alcohol. 2005 Jul-Aug;40(4):302–7. [PubMed: 15870092]
  337. Persson J, Magnusson PH. Early intervention in patients with excessive consumption of alcohol: a controlled study. Alcohol. 1989 Sep-Oct;6(5):403–8. [PubMed: 2573364]
  338. Persson J. Early intervention in patients with excessive alcohol consumption: a controlled study. Alcohol Alcohol Suppl. 1991;1:473–6. [PubMed: 1845580]
  339. Petrakis IL, Nich C, Ralevski E. Psychotic spectrum disorders and alcohol abuse: a review of pharmacotherapeutic strategies and a report on the effectiveness of naltrexone and disulfiram. Schizophr Bull. 2006 Oct;32(4):644–54. [PMC free article: PMC2632271] [PubMed: 16887890]
  340. Pettinati HM, Gastfriend DR, Dong Q, et al. Effect of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) on quality of life in alcohol-dependent patients. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2009 Feb;33(2):350–6. [PMC free article: PMC2976586] [PubMed: 19053979]
  341. Pettinati HM, O'Brien CP, Rabinowitz AR, et al. The status of naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence: specific effects on heavy drinking. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006 Dec;26(6):610–25. [PubMed: 17110818]
  342. Philpot M, Pearson N, Petratou V, et al. Screening for problem drinking in older people referred to a mental health service: a comparison of CAGE and AUDIT. Aging Ment Health. 2003 May;7(3):171–5. [PubMed: 12775396]
  343. Podymow T, Turnbull J, Coyle D, et al. Shelter-based managed alcohol administration to chronically homeless people addicted to alcohol. CMAJ. 2006 Jan 3;174(1):45–9. [PMC free article: PMC1319345] [PubMed: 16389236]
  344. Poikolainen K. Effectiveness of brief interventions to reduce alcohol intake in primary health care populations: a meta-analysis. Preventive Medicine. 1999;(5):503–9. (Structured abstract) DARE-11999009258. [PubMed: 10329341]
  345. Postel MG, De Haan HA, De Jong CA. Evaluation of an e-therapy program for problem drinkers: a pilot study. Subst Use Misuse. 2010 Oct;45(12):2059–75. [PubMed: 20438314]
  346. Postel MG, de Jong CA, de Haan HA. Does e-therapy for problem drinking reach hidden populations? Am J Psychiatry. 2005 Dec;162(12):2393. [PubMed: 16330613]
  347. Powell BJ, Penick EC, Read MR, et al. Comparison of three outpatient treatment interventions: a twelve-month follow-up of men alcoholics. J Stud Alcohol. 1985 Jul;46(4):309–12. [PubMed: 2993750]
  348. Ralevski E, Balachandra K, Gueorguieva R, et al. Effects of naltrexone on cognition in a treatment study of patients with schizophrenia and comorbid alcohol dependence. Journal of Dual Diagnosis. 2006;2(4):53–69.
  349. Ramsey SE, Brown RA, Stuart GL, et al. Cognitive variables in alcohol dependent patients with elevated depressive symptoms: Changes and predictive utility as a function of treatment modality. Substance Abuse. 2002;23(3):171–82. [PubMed: 12444350]
  350. Randall CL, Thomas S, Thevos AK. Concurrent alcoholism and social anxiety disorder: a first step toward developing effective treatments. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2001 Feb;25(2):210–20. [PubMed: 11236835]
  351. Reynolds KD, Coombs DW, Lowe JB, et al. Evaluation of a self-help program to reduce alcohol consumption among pregnant women. Int J Addict. 1995 Mar;30(4):427–43. [PubMed: 7607777]
  352. Riemsma RP, Pattenden J, Bridle C, et al. A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions based on a stages-of-change approach to promote individual behaviour change. Health Technology Assessment. 2002;6(24) PMID: [PubMed: 12433313]
  353. Riper H, van Straten A, Keuken M, et al. Curbing problem drinking with personalized-feedback interventions: a meta-analysis. Am J Prev Med. 2009 Mar;36(3):247–55. [PubMed: 19215850]
  354. Roberts LJ, Neal DJ, Kivlahan DR, et al. Individual drinking changes following a brief intervention among college students: clinical significance in an indicated preventive context. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000 Jun;68(3):500–5. [PubMed: 10883566]
  355. Robertson I, Heather N, Dzialdowski A, et al. A comparison of minimal versus intensive controlled drinking treatment interventions for problem drinkers. Br J Clin Psychol. 1986 Sep;25(Pt 3):185–94. [PubMed: 3768576]
  356. Romo L, Le Strat Y, Aubry C, et al. The role of brief motivational intervention on self-efficacy and abstinence in a cohort of patients with alcohol dependence. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2009;39(3):313–23. [PubMed: 19967902]
  357. Roozen HG, Boulogne JJ, Van Tulder MW, et al. A systematic review of the effectiveness of the community reinforcement approach in alcohol, cocaine and opioid addiction. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2004;74(1):1–13. [PubMed: 15072802]
  358. Roozen HG, de Waart R, van der Windt DAWM, et al. A systematic review of the effectiveness of naltrexone in the maintenance treatment of opioid and alcohol dependence. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006;16(5):311–23. First Author & Affiliation: Roozen, Hendrik G. [PubMed: 16361086]
  359. Rösner S, Hackl-Herrwerth A, Leucht S, et al. Opioid antagonists for alcohol dependence. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2010;(12):CD001867. [PubMed: 21154349]
  360. Rubio G, Jimenez-Arriero MA, Ponce G, et al. Naltrexone versus acamprosate: one year follow-up of alcohol dependence treatment. Alcohol Alcohol. 2001 Sep-Oct;36(5):419–25. [PubMed: 11524308]
  361. Rubio G, Manzanares J, Lopez-Munoz F, et al. Naltrexone improves outcome of a controlled drinking program. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2002 Dec;23(4):361–6. [PubMed: 12495798]
  362. Ryb GE, Dischinger PC, Diclemente C, et al. Impulsive or depressive personality traits do not impede behavioral change after brief alcohol interventions. J Addict Dis. 2011 Jan;30(1):54–62. [PubMed: 21218311]
  363. Rychtarik RG, McGillicuddy NB, Connors GJ, et al. Participant selection biases in a randomized clinical trial of alcoholism treatment settings and intensities. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research. 1998;(5):969–73. CN-00154471. [PubMed: 9726264]
  364. Sanchez-Craig M, Neumann B, Souza-Formigoni M, et al. Brief treatment for alcohol dependence: level of dependence and treatment outcome. Alcohol Alcohol Suppl. 1991;1:515–8. [PubMed: 1845590]
  365. Sanchez-Craig M, Spivak K, Davila R. Superior outcome of females over males after brief treatment for the reduction of heavy drinking: replication and report of therapist effects. Br J Addict. 1991 Jul;86(7):867–76. [PubMed: 1912739]
  366. Sannibale C. A prospective study of treatment outcome with a group of male problem drinkers. J Stud Alcohol. 1989 May;50(3):236–44. [PubMed: 2724971]
  367. Sass H, Soyka M, Mann K, et al. Relapse prevention by acamprosate. Results from a placebo-controlled study on alcohol dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996 Aug;53(8):673–80. [PubMed: 8694680]
  368. Schade A, Marquenie LA, Van Balkom AJLM, et al. Do comorbid anxiety disorders in alcohol-dependent patients need specific treatment to prevent relapse? Alcohol and Alcoholism. 2003;38(3):255–62. [PubMed: 12711661]
  369. Schütz CG, Soyka M. Dextromethorphan challenge in alcohol-dependent patients and controls. Archives of general psychiatry. 2000;(3):291–2. CN-00276049. [PubMed: 10711916]
  370. Scott-Sheldon LAJ, Demartini KS, Carey KB, et al. Alcohol interventions for college students improves antecedents of behavioral change: Results from a meta-analysis of 34 randomized controlled trials. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 2009;28(7):799–823. First Author & Affiliation: Scott-Sheldon, Lora A. J. [PMC free article: PMC7990229] [PubMed: 33767529]
  371. Scouller K, Conigrave KM, Macaskill P, et al. Should we use carbohydrate-deficient transferrin instead of gamma-glutamyltransferase for detecting problem drinkers: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Clinical Chemistry. 2000;(12):1894–902. (Structured abstract) DARE-12001003125. [PubMed: 11106319]
  372. Sellman JD, Sullivan PF, Dore GM, et al. A randomized controlled trial of motivational enhancement therapy (MET) for mild to moderate alcohol dependence. J Stud Alcohol. 2001 May;62(3):389–96. [PubMed: 11414349]
  373. Seppa K. Intervention in alcohol abuse among macrocytic patients in general practice. Scand J Prim Health Care. 1992 Sep;10(3):217–22. [PubMed: 1410953]
  374. Shakeshaft AP, Bowman JA, Burrows S, et al. Community-based alcohol counselling: a randomized clinical trial. Addiction. 2002 Nov;97(11):1449–63. [PubMed: 12410785]
  375. Simao MO, Kerr-Correa F, Smaira SI, et al. Prevention of “risky” drinking among students at a Brazilian university. Alcohol Alcohol. 2008 Jul-Aug;43(4):470–6. [PubMed: 18364361]
  376. Sindelar HA, Barnett NP, Spirito A. Adolescent alcohol use and injury: A summary and critical review of the literature. Minerva Pediatrica. 2004;56(3):291–309. [PubMed: 15252378]
  377. Sitharthan T, Sitharthan G, Hough MJ, et al. Cue exposure in moderation drinking: a comparison with cognitive-behavior therapy. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1997 Oct;65(5):878–82. [PubMed: 9337506]
  378. Sjoberg L, Samsonowitz V. Coping strategies and relapse in alcohol abuse. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1985 Jun;15(3):283–301. [PubMed: 4028957]
  379. Smedslund G, Berg RC, Hammerstrom KT, et al. Motivational interviewing for substance abuse. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(5):CD008063. [PMC free article: PMC8939890] [PubMed: 21563163]
  380. Smit E, Verdurmen J, Monshouwer K, et al. Family interventions and their effect on adolescent alcohol use in general populations; a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008 Oct 1;97(3):195–206. [PubMed: 18485621]
  381. Snyder JL, Bowers TG. The efficacy of acamprosate and naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence: a relative benefits analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2008;34(4):449–61. [PubMed: 18584575]
  382. Sobell LC, Sobell MB, Agrawal S. Randomized Controlled Trial of a Cognitive-Behavioral Motivational Intervention in a Group Versus Individual Format for Substance Use Disorders. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 2009;23(4):672–83. [PubMed: 20025373]
  383. Sobell MB, Sobell LC, Leo GI. Does enhanced social support improve outcomes for problem drinkers in guided self-change treatment? J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2000 Mar;31(1):41–54. [PubMed: 10983746]
  384. Sommers MS, Dyehouse JM, Howe SR. Binge drinking, sensible drinking, and abstinence after alcohol-related vehicular crashes: the role of intervention versus screening. Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med. 2001;45:317–28. [PubMed: 12214358]
  385. Soyka M, Preuss U, Schuetz C. Use of acamprosate and different kinds of psychosocial support in relapse prevention of alcoholism. Results from a non-blind, multicentre study. Drugs R D. 2002;3(1):1–12. [PubMed: 11881521]
  386. Soyka M, Sass H. Acamprosate: a new pharmacotherapeutic approach to relapse prevention in alcoholism--preliminary data. Alcohol Alcohol Suppl. 1994;2:531–6. [PubMed: 8974379]
  387. Spivak K, Sanchez-Craig M, Davila R. Assisting problem drinkers to change on their own: effect of specific and non-specific advice. Addiction (Abingdon, England). 1994;(9):1135–42. CN-00107631. [PubMed: 7987190]
  388. Srisurapanont M, Jarusuraisin N. Naltrexone for the treatment of alcoholism: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005 Jun;8(2):267–80. [PubMed: 15850502]
  389. Srisurapanont M, Jarusuraisin N. Opioid antagonists for alcohol dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(1):CD001867. [PubMed: 15674887]
  390. Stade BC, Bailey C, Dzendoletas D, et al. Psychological and/or educational interventions for reducing alcohol consumption in pregnant women and women planning pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(2):CD004228. [PMC free article: PMC4164939] [PubMed: 19370597]
  391. Streeton C, Whelan G. Naltrexone, a relapse prevention maintenance treatment of alcohol dependence: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 2001;(6):544–52. (Structured abstract) DARE-12002000044. [PubMed: 11704620]
  392. Sullivan LE, Tetrault JM, Braithwaite RS, et al. A meta-analysis of the efficacy of nonphysician brief interventions for unhealthy alcohol use: Implications for the patient-centered medical home. American Journal on Addictions. 2011;20(4):343–56. [PubMed: 21679266]
  393. Swearingen CE, Moyer A, Finney JW. Alcoholism treatment outcome studies, 1970-1998. An expanded look at the nature of the research. Addictive Behaviors. 2003;28(3):415–36. First Author & Affiliation: Swearingen, Carolyn E. [PubMed: 12628616]
  394. Tait RJ, Hulse GK. A systematic review of the effectiveness of brief interventions with substance using adolescents by type of drug. Drug and Alcohol Review. 2003;(3):337–46. (Structured abstract) DARE-12003008594. [PubMed: 15385228]
  395. Tate SR, Wu J, McQuaid JR, et al. Comorbidity of Substance Dependence and Depression: Role of Life Stress and Self-Efficacy in Sustaining Abstinence. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 2008;22(1):47–57. [PubMed: 18298230]
  396. Taub E, Steiner SS, Weingarten E, et al. Effectiveness of broad spectrum approaches to relapse prevention in severe alcoholism: A long-term, randomized, controlled trial of transcendental meditation, EMG biofeedback and electronic neurotherapy. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. 1994;11(1-2):187–220.
  397. Teitelbaum L, Mullen B. The validity of the MAST in psychiatric settings: A meta-analytic integration. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 2000;61(2):254–61. [PubMed: 10757136]
  398. Tempesta E, Janiri L, Bignamini A, et al. Acamprosate and relapse prevention in the treatment of alcohol dependence: a placebo-controlled study. Alcohol Alcohol. 2000 Mar-Apr;35(2):202–9. [PubMed: 10787398]
  399. Thavorncharoensap M, Teerawattananon Y, Yothasamut J, et al. The economic impact of alcohol consumption: a systematic review. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2009;4:20. [PMC free article: PMC2791094] [PubMed: 19939238]
  400. Thevos AK, Roberts JS, Thomas SE, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy delays relapse in female socially phobic alcoholics. Addict Behav. 2000 May-Jun;25(3):333–45. [PubMed: 10890288]
  401. Thom B, Brown C, Drummond C, et al. The use of services for alcohol problems: general practitioner and specialist alcohol clinic. British journal of addiction. 1992;(4):613–24. CN-00084335. [PubMed: 1317237]
  402. Thush C, Wiers RW, Theunissen N, et al. A randomized clinical trial of a targeted intervention to moderate alcohol use and alcohol-related problems in at-risk adolescents. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2007 Feb;86(2):368–76. [PubMed: 16928395]
  403. Tomson Y, Romelsjo A, Aberg H. Excessive drinking--brief intervention by a primary health care nurse. A randomized controlled trial. Scand J Prim Health Care. 1998 Sep;16(3):188–92. [PubMed: 9800234]
  404. Toneatto T, Brands B, Selby P. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of naltrexone in the treatment of concurrent alcohol use disorder and pathological gambling. Am J Addict. 2009 May-Jun;18(3):219–25. [PubMed: 19340640]
  405. Toneatto T. Cognitive versus behavioral treatment of concurrent alcohol dependence and agoraphobia: a pilot study. Addict Behav. 2005 Jan;30(1):115–25. [PubMed: 15561453]
  406. Tonigan JS, Bogenschutz MP, Miller WR. Is alcoholism typology a predictor of both Alcoholics Anonymous affiliation and disaffiliation after treatment? Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2006;(4):323–30. CN-00565493. [PubMed: 16716847]
  407. Tripodi SJ, Bender K, Litschge C, et al. Interventions for reducing adolescent alcohol abuse: a meta-analytic review. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. 2010;(1):85–91. (Structured abstract) DARE-12010000972. [PubMed: 20048247]
  408. Turrisi R, Jaccard J, Taki R, et al. Examination of the short-term efficacy of a parent intervention to reduce college student drinking tendencies. Psychol Addict Behav. 2001 Dec;15(4):366–72. [PubMed: 11767270]
  409. Turrisi R, Larimer ME, Mallett KA, et al. A randomized clinical trial evaluating a combined alcohol intervention for high-risk college students. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2009 Jul;70(4):555–67. [PMC free article: PMC2696296] [PubMed: 19515296]
  410. UK Alcohol Treatment Trial: client-treatment matching effects. Addiction. 2008 Feb;103(2):228–38. [PubMed: 18070238]
  411. Vanderplasschen W, Wolf J, Rapp RC, et al. Effectiveness of different models of case management for substance-abusing populations. Journal of psychoactive drugs. 2007;39(1):81–95. [PMC free article: PMC1986794] [PubMed: 17523588]
  412. Vasilaki EI, Hosier SG, Cox WM. The efficacy of motivational interviewing as a brief intervention for excessive drinking: a meta-analytic review. Alcohol Alcohol. 2006 May-Jun;41(3):328–35. [PubMed: 16547122]
  413. Verheul R, Lehert P, Geerlings PJ, et al. Predictors of acamprosate efficacy: results from a pooled analysis of seven European trials including 1485 alcohol-dependent patients. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2005 Mar;178(2-3):167–73. [PubMed: 15322728]
  414. Volpicelli JR, Clay KL, Watson NT, et al. Naltrexone in the treatment of alcoholism: predicting response to naltrexone. J Clin Psychiatry. 1995;56 Suppl 7:39–44. [PubMed: 7673104]
  415. Volpicelli JR, Watson NT, King AC, et al. Effect of naltrexone on alcohol “high” in alcoholics. Am J Psychiatry. 1995 Apr;152(4):613–5. [PubMed: 7694913]
  416. Wachtel T, Staniford M. The effectiveness of brief interventions in the clinical setting in reducing alcohol misuse and binge drinking in adolescents: A critical review of the literature. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2010;19(5-6):605–20. First Author & Affiliation: Wachtel, Tracey. [PubMed: 20500302]
  417. Waldron HB, Turner CW. Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for adolescent substance abuse. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. 2008;(1):238–61. (Structured abstract) DARE-12008103477. [PubMed: 18444060]
  418. Walitzer KS, Connors GJ. Thirty-month follow-up of drinking moderation training for women: a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2007 Jun;75(3):501–7. [PubMed: 17563166]
  419. Walitzer KS, Dermen KH. Alcohol-focused spouse involvement and behavioral couples therapy: evaluation of enhancements to drinking reduction treatment for male problem drinkers. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Dec;72(6):944–55. [PubMed: 15612842]
  420. Wallace P, Murray E, McCambridge J, et al. On-line randomized controlled trial of an internet based psychologically enhanced intervention for people with hazardous alcohol consumption. PLoS One. 2011;6(3):e14740. [PMC free article: PMC3052303] [PubMed: 21408060]
  421. Walsh DC, Hingson RW, Merrigan DM, et al. A randomized trial of treatment options for alcohol-abusing workers. The New England journal of medicine. 1991;(11):775–82. CN-00077442. [PubMed: 1870651]
  422. Walters ST, Vader AM, Harris TR, et al. Dismantling motivational interviewing and feedback for college drinkers: a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009 Feb;77(1):64–73. [PMC free article: PMC2704891] [PubMed: 19170454]
  423. Wechsberg WM, Luseno WK, Karg RS, et al. Alcohol, cannabis, and methamphetamine use and other risk behaviours among Black and Coloured South African women: a small randomized trial in the Western Cape. Int J Drug Policy. 2008 Apr;19(2):130–9. [PMC free article: PMC2435299] [PubMed: 18207723]
  424. Weisner C, Mertens J, Parthasarathy S, et al. The outcome and cost of alcohol and drug treatment in an HMO: day hospital versus traditional outpatient regimens. Health services research. 2000;(4):791–812. CN-00331940. [PMC free article: PMC1089153] [PubMed: 11055449]
  425. Weithmann G, Hoffmann M. A randomised clinical trial of in-patient versus combined day hospital treatment of alcoholism: primary and secondary outcome measures. European addiction research. 2005;(4):197–203. CN-00529595. [PubMed: 16110227]
  426. Werch CE, Carlson JM, Pappas DM, et al. Effects of a brief alcohol preventive intervention for youth attending school sports physical examinations. Subst Use Misuse. 2000 Feb;35(3):421–32. [PubMed: 10714454]
  427. White A, Kavanagh D, Stallman H, et al. Online alcohol interventions: a systematic review. J Med Internet Res. 2010;12(5):e62. [PMC free article: PMC3057310] [PubMed: 21169175]
  428. White HR, Mun EY, Pugh L, et al. Long-term effects of brief substance use interventions for mandated college students: sleeper effects of an in-person personal feedback intervention. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research. 2007;(8):1380–91. CN-00697572. [PubMed: 17550361]
  429. Whitworth AB, Fischer F, Lesch OM, et al. Comparison of acamprosate and placebo in long-term treatment of alcohol dependence. Lancet. 1996 May 25;347(9013):1438–42. [PubMed: 8676626]
  430. Wilde MI, Wagstaff AJ. Acamprosate. A review of its pharmacology and clinical potential in the management of alcohol dependence after detoxification. Drugs. 1997;53(6):1038–53. [PubMed: 9179530]
  431. Wilk AI, Jensen NM, Havighurst TC. Meta-analysis of randomized control trials addressing brief interventions in heavy alcohol drinkers. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 1997;(5):274–83. (Structured abstract) DARE-11997000715. [PMC free article: PMC1497107] [PubMed: 9159696]
  432. Willenbring ML, Olson DH. A randomized trial of integrated outpatient treatment for medically ill alcoholic men. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1999;(16):1946–52. CN-00167668. [PubMed: 10493326]
  433. Williams EC, Horton NJ, Samet JH, et al. Do brief measures of readiness to change predict alcohol consumption and consequences in primary care patients with unhealthy alcohol use? Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007 Mar;31(3):428–35. [PubMed: 17295727]
  434. Williams EC, Johnson ML, Lapham GT, et al. Strategies to Implement Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention in Primary Care Settings: A Structured Literature Review. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 2011;25(2):206–14. [PubMed: 21517141]
  435. Williams SB, Whitlock EP, Edgerton EA, et al. Counseling about proper use of motor vehicle occupant restraints and avoidance of alcohol use while driving: a systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2007 Aug 7;147(3):194–206. [PubMed: 17679708]
  436. Worden BL, McCrady BS, Epstein EE. Assessment reactivity to follow-up in a study of women's treatment for alcohol dependence. Addictive Behaviors. 2008;33(6):831–5. [PMC free article: PMC3573689] [PubMed: 18261860]
  437. Wutzke SE, Conigrave KM, Saunders JB, et al. The long-term effectiveness of brief interventions for unsafe alcohol consumption: a 10-year follow-up. Addiction. 2002 Jun;97(6):665–75. [PubMed: 12084136]
  438. Xin X, He J, Frontini MG, et al. Effects of alcohol reduction on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hypertension. 2001;(5):1112–7. (Structured abstract) DARE-12001002844. [PubMed: 11711507]
  439. Yates FE. The evaluation of a ‘co-operative counselling’ alcohol service which uses family and affected others to reach and influence problem drinkers. Br J Addict. 1988 Nov;83(11):1309–19. [PubMed: 3233403]
  440. Zanjani F, Mavandadi S, TenHave T, et al. Longitudinal course of substance treatment benefits in older male veteran at-risk drinkers. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008 Jan;63(1):98–106. [PubMed: 18245767]
  441. Zanjani F, Zubritsky C, Mullahy M, et al. Predictors of adherence within an intervention research study of the at-risk older drinker: PRISM-E. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2006 Dec;19(4):231–8. [PubMed: 17085763]
  442. Zarkin GA, Bray JW, Davis KL, et al. The costs of screening and brief intervention for risky alcohol use. J Stud Alcohol. 2003 Nov;64(6):849–57. [PubMed: 14743949]
  443. Zywiak WH, Hoffmann NG, Floyd AS. Enhancing alcohol treatment outcomes through aftercare and self-help groups. Med Health R I. 1999 Mar;82(3):87–90. [PubMed: 10193137]

Poor Quality

  1. Aalto M, Saksanen R, Laine P, et al. Brief intervention for female heavy drinkers in routine general practice: a 3-year randomized, controlled study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2000 Nov;24(11):1680–6. [PubMed: 11104115]
  2. Aalto M, Seppa K, Mattila P, et al. Brief intervention for male heavy drinkers in routine general practice: a three-year randomized controlled study. Alcohol Alcohol. 2001 May-Jun;36(3):224–30. [PubMed: 11373259]
  3. Babor TF, Higgins-Biddle JC, Dauser D, et al. Brief interventions for at-risk drinking: patient outcomes and cost-effectiveness in managed care organizations. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 2006 Nov-Dec;41(6):624–31. [PubMed: 17035245]
  4. Beich A, Gannik D, Saelan H, et al. Screening and brief intervention targeting risky drinkers in Danish general practice--a pragmatic controlled trial. Alcohol Alcohol. 2007 Nov-Dec;42(6):593–603. [PubMed: 17855332]
  5. Cordoba R, Delgado MT, Pico V, et al. Effectiveness of brief intervention on non-dependent alcohol drinkers (EBIAL): a Spanish multi-centre study. Fam Pract. 1998 Dec;15(6):562–8. [PubMed: 10078798]
  6. Drummond C, Coulton S, James D, et al. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a stepped care intervention for alcohol use disorders in primary care: pilot study. Br J Psychiatry. 2009 Nov;195(5):448–56. [PubMed: 19880936]
  7. Heather N, Campion PD, Neville RG, et al. Evaluation of a controlled drinking minimal intervention for problem drinkers in general practice (the DRAMS scheme). J R Coll Gen Pract. 1987 Aug;37(301):358–63. [PMC free article: PMC1711039] [PubMed: 3448228]
  8. McIntosh MC, Leigh G, Baldwin NJ, et al. Reducing alcohol consumption. Comparing three brief methods in family practice. Can Fam Physician. 1997 Nov;43:1959–62. 65–7. [PMC free article: PMC2255191] [PubMed: 9386883]
  9. Romelsjo A, Andersson L, Barrner H, et al. A randomized study of secondary prevention of early stage problem drinkers in primary health care. Br J Addict. 1989 Nov;84(11):1319–27. [PubMed: 2597808]
  10. Vinson DC, Devera-Sales A. Computer-Generated Written Behavioral Contracts with Problem Drinkers in Primary Medical Care. Subst Abus. 2000 Dec;21(4):215–22. [PubMed: 12466660]

Systematic review/meta-analysis older than 5 years

  1. Ballesteros J, Duffy JC, Querejeta I, et al. Efficacy of brief interventions for hazardous drinkers in primary care: systematic review and meta-analyses. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2004 Apr;28(4):608–18. [PubMed: 15100612]
  2. Ballesteros J, Gonzalez-Pinto A, Querejeta I, et al. Brief interventions for hazardous drinkers delivered in primary care are equally effective in men and women. Addiction. 2004 Jan;99(1):103–8. [PubMed: 14678068]
  3. Beich A, Thorsen T, Rollnick S. Screening in brief intervention trials targeting excessive drinkers in general practice: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2003 Sep 6;327(7414):536–42. [PMC free article: PMC192891] [PubMed: 12958114]
  4. Bertholet N, Daeppen JB, Wietlisbach V, et al. Reduction of alcohol consumption by brief alcohol intervention in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2005 May 9;165(9):986–95. [PubMed: 15883236]
  5. Cuijpers P, Riper H, Lemmers L. The effects on mortality of brief interventions for problem drinking: a meta-analysis. Addiction. 2004 Jul;99(7):839–45. [PubMed: 15200579]
  6. Moyer A, Finney JW, Swearingen CE, et al. Brief interventions for alcohol problems: a meta-analytic review of controlled investigations in treatment-seeking and non-treatment-seeking populations. Addiction. 2002 Mar;97(3):279–92. [PubMed: 11964101]

Views

  • PubReader
  • Print View
  • Cite this Page
  • PDF version of this title (3.1M)

In this Page

Other titles in these collections

Recent Activity

ClearTurn OffTurn On

Your browsing activity is empty.

Activity recording is turned off.

Turn recording back on

See more...